人教版中考英语二轮语法专题复习学案：专题十 动词语态

人教版中考英语二轮语法专题复习：专题十 语态
考情总结
语态是中考英语的常考考点,通常在单项选择和词语运用这两大题型中考查。对语态的考查主要涉及对一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态的考查,考生应掌握不同时态对应的被动语态的构成及其用法。
考点1 被动语态的构成
时态

主动
语态

被动语态

示例
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
do/does
am/is/are+过去分词
They make shoes in that factory. 他们在那家工厂制造鞋子。
Shoes are made by them in that factory. 鞋子是由他们在那家工厂制造的。
一般过去时
did
was/were+过去分词
We cleaned the classroom just now. 我们刚才打扫了教室。
The classroom was cleaned by us just now. 教室刚才被我们打扫过了。
一般将来时
will/be going to+动词原形
will/be going to be+过去分词
They will finish the work next Friday.
他们下周五将完成这项工作。
The work will be finished by them next Friday. 这项工作将在下周五由他们完成。
现在进
行时
am/is/
are+现在分词
am/is/are being+过去分词
Some workers are painting the walls now. 一些工人现在正在粉刷墙面。
The walls are being painted by some workers now. 现在一些工人正在粉刷墙面。
过去进
行时
was/were+现在分词
was/were being+过去分词
She was watering the flowers in the yard at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候她正在院子里浇花。
The flowers were being watered by her in the yard at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候她正在院子里浇花。
现在完
成时
have/has+过去分词
have/has been+过去分词
I have made a model plane. 我已经制作了一个飞机模型。
A model plane has been made by me. 一个飞机模型已经被我制作出来了。
考点2 被动语态的用法
1.当强调动作的承受者时,如:
The cup was broken by David. 这个杯子是被戴维打碎的。
2.当不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者时,如:
①The watch is made of gold. 这块手表是用金子做的。
②Many people are killed in traffic accidents every year.
每年有许多人死于交通事故。
3.当动作的执行者是物而不是人时,如:
Many houses were washed away by the flood. 许多房屋被洪水冲走了。
4.作客观说明时,常用"It's said/reported+that..."结构。如:
It's reported that it will rain tomorrow. 据报道,明天会下雨。
考点3 主动语态变为被动语态
1.主语+及物动词+宾语
Lu Xun wrote the book.→The book was written by Lu Xun. 鲁迅写了这本书。
2.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
I saw some children flying kites in the park.→Some children were seen by me flying kites in the park. 我看到一些孩子在公园里放风筝。
3.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
Jack bought me a present.杰克给我买了个礼物。→
4.主语+短语动词+宾语
I worked out a plan. →A plan was worked out by me. 我制定了一个计划。
注:短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,由主动句变为被动句时不可漏掉其中的介词或副词。
提分速记
主动语态表示被动意义的情况:
(1)某些系动词(look, taste, smell, sound等)用主动形式表示被动意义。如:
The soup smells good. 这汤闻起来很香。
(2)write, open, sell, read等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时,可用主动语态表示被动意义。如:
The storybook sells well. 这本故事书卖得很好。
(3)某些表示"发生、爆发"的不及物动词或短语,可用主动语态表示被动意义。如:
The earthquake happened at nine last night. 昨天晚上九点发生了地震。
(4)某些表示"需要"的动词,可用主动语态表示被动意义。如:
The washing machine needs/requires repairing. =The washing machine needs/requires to be repaired.这台洗衣机该修理了。
(5)sth. be worth doing是主动形式表示被动意义。如:
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得读。
专题十　语态
1.[2018安徽]The weatherman says a rain shower 　　　 this afternoon in the south.?
A. expects B. expected C. is expected D. was expected
2.[2018海南改编]Look at the trees on both sides of the streets. They　　　last spring.?
A. planted B. were planted C. were planting D. are planted
3.[2018南京]—Simon, do you know who invented the kite?
—Sure! It 　　　 by Mozi over 2,000 years ago.?
A. is invented B. invented C. was invented D. will be invented
4.[2018盐城]A lot of new roads 　　　 in order to develop the villages in the next five years.?
A. built B. were built C. build D. will be built
5.[2018黄石]Nowadays, because of the Readers(《朗读者》)by CCTV, many book fans　　　reading in public places.?
A. will see B. were seen C. are seen D. have seen
6.[2018扬州]—What are you watching?
—The Story of China. This part　　　at China Block Printing Museum of Yangzhou in 2014.?
A. filmed B. was filmed C. has filmed D. is filmed
7.[2018岳阳改编]Our classroom　　　by students every afternoon.?
A. is cleaned B. was cleaned C. cleans D. has cleaned
8.[2018郑州一测]Nowadays, high-speed trains, Alipay, shared bicycles and online shopping 　　　 the Four Great New Inventions in China.?
A. was called B. are called
C. are calling D. have called
9.[2018洛阳一模]—I want to work in the countryside when I graduate from the college.
—Me, too. Teachers 　　　 very much.?
A. are needing B. are needed
C. will need D. were needed
10.[2018开封一模]More schools 　　　 in our city to provide children with better education in a few years.?
A. built B. are built
C. were built D. will be built
11.[2018焦作一模]—Do you like the two poems?
—Yes.But one of them 　　　by a computer.Can you find it??
A. write B. will be written
C. wrote D. was written
12.[2018郑州二测]—Why do you want to get a football?
—Don't you know football 　　　 to our school subjects at the beginning of this year??
A. adds B. has added
C. was added D. will be added
13.[2018平顶山三模]—You look sleepy. What happened?
—Sorry, sir. I 　　　 to do my homework till midnight yesterday.?
A. make B. made
C. am made D. was made
14.Let's wait and see whether books 　　　 by the Internet in the future.?
A. replace B. replaced
C. will be replaced D. were replaced
15.A baby's first month birthday is a special event in China and 　　　 with a special party.?
A. is celebrated B. is celebrating
C. was celebrated D. celebrates
16.—Why hasn't Tony come?
—The invitation letter 　　　 to Toby by accident.?
A. was emailed B. has emailed
C. is emailed D. emailed
17.—Quite a few new laws and rules on food safety　　　into use last month.?
—Can you tell me what they are?
A. were putting B. have been put
C. were put D. put
18.Teenagers have to be 18 years old before they 　　　 to drive a car.?
A. are allowed B. allowed
C. will be allowed D. allow
19.—The game is very wonderful. Who designed it?
—It 　　　 by John in 2002.?
A. is designed B. designs
C. was designed D. designed
20.[2019原创]—Waiter, I'd like some noodles.
—Sorry, madam. Noodles 　　　 only for lunch.?
A. have served B. are served C. serve D. will serve
【参考答案】1—5 CBCDC　6—10 BABBD　11—15 DCDCA　16—20 ACACB