人教版中考英语二轮语法专题复习学案：专题十一 非谓语动词

人教版中考英语二轮语法专题复习：专题十一 非谓语动词
考情总结
分析近10年中考真题可知,对动词不定式的考查主要集中在动词不定式作宾语和作目的状语上,对动名词的考查主要集中在词语运用中。因此,解答此类试题时考生要熟记常见的可以跟动词不定式和动名词的动词和句型,并掌握动词不定式和动名词在句中所作的成分。
考点1 动词不定式
动词不定式在句中不能单独作谓语,其形式不随主语的人称、数的变化而变化,其基本结构是"to+动词原形"(有时也可省略to),其否定形式为"not to+动词原形"。
?动词不定式的用法
1.作主语,如:
①To travel around China is my dream. 环游中国是我的梦想。?
②It's our duty to clean the classroom. 打扫教室是我们的责任。?
2.作表语,表示愿望、责任、义务等。不定式作表语可转化为不定式作主语,如:
His wish is to be a policeman.=To be a policeman is his wish.
他的愿望是当一名警察。?
3.作宾语,如:
①They agreed to start early. 他们同意早点儿动身。?
②We planned to go hiking. 我们计划徒步旅行。
提分速记
后面常接不定式的动词有:
agree to do sth. 同意做某事
ask to do sth. 请求做某事
begin to do sth. 开始做某事
choose to do sth. 选择做某事
decide to do sth.决定做某事
fail to do sth. 未能做某事
hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事
agree to do sth. 同意做某事
ask to do sth. 请求做某事
begin to do sth. 开始做某事
choose to do sth. 选择做某事
decide to do sth.决定做某事
fail to do sth. 未能做某事
hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事
注:在find, think等词后跟动词不定式作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,将真正的宾语放在后面。如:
I find it necessary to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很有必要。
4.作宾语补足语,常见的其后跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:tell, ask, want, order, teach, invite, wish, warn, allow等。如:
①I told him not to draw on the wall. 我告诉他不要在墙上乱画。?
②My brother taught me to read when I was three. 我三岁时,哥哥就教我读书了。?
③We wish her to go to a good college. 我们希望她能上一所好大学。?
5.作状语。动词不定式可以作目的状语、原因状语和结果状语,如:
①To catch up with her classmates, she always stays up late. 为了赶上她的同学,她总是熬夜到很晚。(作目的状语)?
②I am sorry to hear that he was ill. 听到他生病的消息,我很难过。(作原因状语)?
③The room is large enough to hold 1,000 people. 这个房间足够大,能够容纳1,000人。(作结果状语)?
6.作定语,位于所修饰的词之后。动词不定式与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。如:
I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。?
易失分点
(1)动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。此外,动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,把真正的主语后置,即"It+be动词+adj./n.+(for/of sb.)+动词不定式"。当adj.为描述事物的特征、性质的词时,介词应用for;当adj.为描述人的品质、身份、特征的词时,介词应用of。如:
①It's very kind of you to help me when I'm in trouble.
你真好,在我有困难的时候帮助我。
②It's important for us to keep healthy.
保持健康对我们来说很重要。
(2)动词不定式作定语时,如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间存在动宾关系,要在不定式后面加上相应的介词。如:
①I want a big room to live in. 我想要一个大房间住。
②Do you have a pen to write with? 你有写字用的钢笔吗?
?常见的省略to的动词不定式
1.动词不定式作感官动词、使役动词的宾语补足语时,要省略to。这类单词可归纳为:一感(feel), 二听(listen to, hear),三让(let, make, have),四看(look at, see, watch, notice)。但当它们用于被动语态中时,to必须保留(let没有被动语态)。如:
We saw him enter the room.=He was seen to enter the room by us. 我们看到他进了这个房间。
2.在would/will/could you please, had better(not), why not, would rather, let's等结构后,应用省略to的动词不定式。如:
①Would you please make your bed?请整理一下你的床,好吗?
②You'd better go to bed early. 你最好早点儿睡觉。
③Why not play basketball? 为什么不打篮球呢?
3.动词help后接不定式作宾语补足语时,to可省可不省。如:
Could you please help me (to)carry the box? 请帮我搬一下箱子,好吗?
妙辨异同
感官动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语时,强调动作经常发生或动作发生的全过程;后接现在分词时则强调动作正在进行。试比较:
①I often see him play basketball on the playground.
我经常看见他在操场上打篮球。
②I saw him playing basketball when I passed the playground.
我经过操场的时候,看见他正在打篮球。
?动词不定式的重要句型
1."疑问词+动词不定式"结构
该结构中的疑问词包括what,which,how,when,where等,该结构可在句中作宾语,并可与宾语从句互换。如:
2.too...to..."太……而不能……"与...enough to do sth."足够……可以做某事",如:
①He is too angry to say a word. 他气得说不出话来。
②She is old enough to decide for herself. 她已到自己作决定的年龄了。
3."It takes sb. some time to do sth."表示"某人花费多少时间做某事",如:
It took me three weeks to finish reading the novel.
我花了三周的时间读完了这本小说。
考点2 动名词
动名词由"动词原形+-ing"构成,具有名词的特征,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语等,其否定形式为"not+动词原形+-ing"。具体用法如下:
1.作主语,谓语动词用单数形式,且常用it作形式主语,把真正的主语后置。如:
①Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃得太多对你的健康不利。
②It is a waste of time talking to her.同她讲话是浪费时间。
2.作表语。动名词作表语可以转换为动名词作主语,如:
The nurse's job is looking after patients.=Looking after patients is the nurse's job.
护士的工作就是照顾病人。
3.作宾语,表示一般的习惯、抽象行为或经常性的动作。如:
①Would you mind my smoking? 你介意我抽烟吗?(动词宾语)
②What about going shopping tomorrow? 明天去购物怎么样?(介词宾语)
4.作定语,表明被修饰词的用途、性质等,位于被修饰词之前。如:
He is in the waiting room. 他在候车室。
得分巧记
(1)常见的其后接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)有:
avoid doing sth.避免做某事
consider doing sth.
考虑做某事
enjoy doing sth.
喜欢做某事
finish doing sth.做完某事
imagine doing sth.
想象做某事
keep doing sth.
一直做某事
mind doing sth.介意做某事
suggest doing sth.
建议做某事
practice doing sth.
练习做某事
miss doing sth.错过做某事
dislike doing sth.
不喜欢做某事
be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
can't/couldn't help doing sth.
情不自禁做某事
feel like doing sth.
想要做某事
give up doing sth.
放弃做某事
look forward to doing sth.
期待做某事
can't stand doing sth.
受不了做某事
regret doing sth.
后悔做某事
(2)常见的动名词作定语的短语有:
a reading room
一间阅览室
a walking stick
一根拐杖
a smiling face
一个笑脸
a swimming pool
一个游泳池
a teaching building一幢教学楼
a washing machine一台洗衣机
有些词既可接动词不定式也可接动名词作宾语,但含义不同。如:
考点3 分词
分词分为现在分词(v.+-ing)和过去分词(v.+-ed)两种。现在分词具有主动和动作正在进行的含义;过去分词具有被动和动作已经完成的含义。具体用法如下:
1.作定语。如:
①The broken window needs repairing.那扇破窗户需要修补。
②Do you know the boy standing at the door? 你认识站在门口的那个男孩吗?
2.作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随状况等。如:
①They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.
他们有说有笑地走出了教室。(作伴随状语)
②The car, hit badly, can't move at all.
那辆车被撞得很严重,一点儿都不能动了。(作原因状语)
3.作宾语补足语,表示宾语正在进行的动作或宾语的状态。如:
①I found him reading a novel. 我发现他在看小说。
②I found him crowded by other boys. 我发现他被其他男孩儿围住了。
4.作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质特征,过去分词表示主语的状态。
如:
The girl is too frightened to move. 这个女孩太害怕了,以至于不能移动。
专题十一　非谓语动词　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1.[2018上海]Mr. Zhou is good at cooking and he has decided　　　his own restaurant.?
A. open B. opened C. to open D. opening
2.[2018南京]Some people enjoy 　　　 out their messages in bottles when they travel on the sea.?
A. to send B. send C. sending D. sent
3.[2018长春]I go to my grandparents' home　　　with their housework every Sunday.?
A. help B. helped C. to help D. helping
4.[2018天津]Harry invited me　　　 with him when his parents were out of town.?
A. stay B. stayed C. staying D. to stay
5.[2018成都改编]I got up early this morning　　　my grandma at the airport.?
A. to pick up B. picking up
C. picked up D. pick up
6.[2018上海]Sue practises　　　the violin hard and often gives wonderful performances.?
A. play B. played
C. to play D. playing
7.[2018齐齐哈尔改编]We set up this group 　　　 disabled people like Ben Smith.?
A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped
8.[2018省实验三模]When you leave the classroom,please turn off the lights 　　　 energy.?
A. save B. saving C. saved D. to save
9.[2018洛阳一模]—Do you run 5 kilometers every day?
—Yes, 　　　 a little exercise. I'm so out of shape.?
A. getting B. get C. got D. to get
10.[2018安阳一模]—Why are you in a hurry,Michael?
—　　　 the early bus.I'll be late for class.?
A. Catch B. Catching C. Caught D. To catch
11.[2018许昌二模]John is busy 　　　at school,but he never forgets 　　　exercise every day.?
A. working; to do B. to work; doing
C. to work; to do D. working; doing
12.[2018平顶山三模]—　　　 the final exam, we should try our best!?
—Certainly. There is only thirty days left.
A. Pass B. To pass C. Passing D. Passed
13.[2018焦作二模]Jerry is a very silly, funny student who loves to make people 　　　.?
A. laughing B. laughed C. laugh D. to laugh
14.[2018南阳卧龙区一模]Lots of taxis are linked to Alipay(支付宝) now 　　　 it easy for passengers to pay for their trips by phone.?
A. make B. made C. to make D. making
15.[2019原创]—Cindy,have you decided what course 　　　??
—No,it's too difficult for me.
A. choose B. chose C. to choose D. choosing
16.Vivian refuses　　　her children to the weekend training centre for extra classes.?
A. to send B. sending C. sent D. send
17.For more than once,our head teacher asked us 　　　　 the habit of keeping a diary.?
A. develop B. developed C. developing D. to develop
18.[2019原创]—Mary has gone to New York. But the light in her room is still on.
—Maybe she forgot 　　　 it off.?
A. turning B. turn C. turned D. to turn
19.My little brother didn't go to bed until he finished 　　　 his homework last night.?
A. do B. doing C. to do D. done
20.[2019原创]As a volunteer, the girl wants to visit sick kids in the hospital　　　　 them up.?
A. to cheer B. cheer C. cheering D. cheered
【参考答案】
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