人教版中考英语二轮语法专题复习学案：专题十二 简单句

人教版中考英语二轮语法专题复习：专题十二 简单句
考情总结
近几年中考对简单句的考查主要集中在祈使句的用法上,在单项选择和词语运用两大题型中进行考查,对感叹句的考查也偶有涉及,旨在要求考生掌握祈使句的基本结构及what和how引导的感叹句的基本结构。
考点1 陈述句
?肯定式
①Mary gets up at half past six. 玛丽在六点半起床。
②The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。
③One careless move may lose the whole game.一着不慎,满盘皆输。
?否定式
1.be动词、助动词和情态动词变否定形式,即在其后直接加not。如:
①She is not a doctor. 她不是一名医生。
②She hasn't finished the task. 她还没有完成这项任务。
③You shouldn't tell him the truth. 你不应该告诉他真相。
2.当句中只有实义动词作谓语时,需要借助助动词构成否定句。如:
Richard didn't choose to go there alone. 理查德没有选择独自去那里。
易失分点
(1)not与all, both, every以及由every构成的复合不定代词连用,表示部分否定;若要表示全部否定,应用none, neither, nobody等。如:
①Not all the students are in the classroom. 并不是所有的学生都在教室里。
②None of us was going to the party. 我们当中没有一个人要去参加那个聚会。
(2)含有always或too的肯定句加not变为否定句时,要将always和too分别变为yet和either。如:
①She has already finished reading the novel. 她已经读完了这本小说。
(变为否定句)→
She hasn't finished reading the novel yet. 她还没有读完这本小说。
②I want to join the chess club, too. 我也想加入象棋俱乐部。
(变为否定句)→
I don't want to join the chess club, either. 我也不想加入象棋俱乐部。
注:除not外,其他否定词或短语也可构成否定句。
never从不
Hardly
几乎不,几乎没有
seldom很少
little/few几乎没有
not...at all
一点儿也不
not...any more/longer不再
Nothing
没有任何东西
none of ……中没有一点
too...to
太……而不能……
①The kids were so excited that they could hardly speak.
孩子们兴奋得几乎连话都说不出来了。
②He is too young to join the army. 他年龄太小,不能参军。
考点2 疑问句
?一般疑问句
　　需用yes或no回答的疑问句叫作一般疑问句。
Is she a painter? 她是一名画家吗?
①Do you like swimming in summer? 你夏天喜欢游泳吗?
②May I open the window?我可以打开窗户吗?
　 对一般疑问句作肯定回答时,常用"Yes, 主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词";作否定回答时,常用"No, 主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词+not"。如:
①—Are you a student? 你是一名学生吗?
—Yes, I am./No, I am not. 是的,我是。/不,我不是。
②—Can Lily speak Chinese? 莉莉会说汉语吗?
—Yes, she can./No, she can't. 是的,她会。/不,她不会。
提分速记
回答含有否定词的一般疑问句时,要在yes后用肯定结构,表示肯定;在no后用否定结构,表示否定,但其汉语翻译与原意正好相反。如:
—Isn't it your English book? 这不是你的英语书吗?
—Yes, it is./No, it isn't. 不,是的。/是的,这不是。
?特殊疑问句
　　由特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫作特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句是由"特殊疑问词+一般疑问句"构成,回答特殊疑问句时不能用yes或no。
疑问词的用法如下:
疑问
代词


what


①对事物或抽象概念等提问
①What's the time? 几点了?②What makes you so happy?何事让你如此开心?
②询问职业或身份
What's your dad?=What's your dad's job? 你父亲是做什么的?
③后接名词,构成疑问短语
—What subject do you like best? 你最喜欢什么科目?—English. 英语。
who
询问身份
Who is the boy?那个男孩是谁?
which

①询问哪一个
Which is better exercise — swimming or tennis?游泳和网球,哪种运动比较好?
②后接名词,构成疑问短语
Which book are you looking for?你在找哪本书?
疑问
副词






when
询问时间
When is her birthday?她的生日是什么时候?
where
询问地点
Where are you going?你要去哪里?
why

①询问原因
Why are you late again?你为什么又迟到了?
②Why don't you do sth.?=Why not do sth.?常用于表示劝告、建议等,意为"为什么不……呢?"
how


①询问方式
How can I help you?我怎么做能帮到你?
②询问健康状况
How is your aunt? 你阿姨怎么样了?
③后接形容词、副词等,询问数量、频率、价格、程度等。
①How much is the book?这本书多少钱?②How soon will you come back?你多久之后回来?
?选择疑问句
Is he a worker or a doctor?他是一名工人还是一名医生?
Which ice-cream would you like, chocolate or strawberry?
你想要哪支冰激凌,巧克力味的还是草莓味的?
考点3 祈使句
祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常被省略,谓语动词用原形,句末用句号或感叹号。
?肯定祈使句
1.动词原形+其他,如:
Listen to the teacher carefully. 认真听老师讲课。
2.Let+第一、三人称的宾格/名词+动词原形+其他,如:
Let the students come in! 让学生们进来!
?否定祈使句
1.Don't+动词原形+其他,如:
Don't be late for school again.不要再上学迟到了。
2.Never+动词原形+其他,如:
Never judge a person by his looks. 不要以貌取人。
3.No+名词/动名词,如:
No parking!禁止停车!
?祈使句的应答语
1.Let's开头的祈使句,其答语常用"Good idea./OK./Yes, I'd love to."等。如:
—Let's go to the park. 我们去公园吧。
—Good idea. 好主意。
2.其他肯定祈使句的应答语常用"Yes/OK, I will."等, 否定祈使句的应答语常用"Sorry/No, I won't (do it again)."等。 如:
①—It's going to rain. Remember to take an umbrella with you.
就要下雨了。你记着带上雨伞。
—Thanks, I will. 谢谢,我会的。
②—Don't draw on the blackboard.不要在黑板上画画。
—Sorry, I won't. 对不起,我不会(再那样做)了。
提分速记
祈使句与简单句、复合句之间的转换
(1)"Let's+动词原形+其他"可转换为"Shall we+动词原形+其他"。如:
Let's go fishing this afternoon.=Shall we go fishing this afternoon?
我们今天下午去钓鱼吧。
(2)"祈使句+and/or+简单句"可转换为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。如:
①Use your head, and you'll find a way.=If you use your head, you'll find a way.动动脑筋,你就会找到方法。
②Hurry up, or we'll be late.=If we don't hurry up, we'll be late.
如果不快点,我们就会迟到。
考点4 感叹句
感叹句用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情,通常用what或how引导,句末用感叹号具体用法如下:
?How引导的感叹句,主要用来感叹形容词、副词或谓语动词。
1.How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语,如:
①How beautiful the flowers are!多么漂亮的花啊!
②How fast the man runs! 那个人跑得真快啊!
2.How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语,如:
How clever a boy he is! 他是多么聪明的一个男孩啊!
3.How+主语+谓语,如:
①How time flies!时光飞逝!
②How I want to have a new mobile phone! 我多想有一部新手机啊!
?What引导的感叹句
1.What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语,如:
What a good teacher he is!他是多么好的一位老师啊!
2.What+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语,如:
①What beautiful pictures they are! 它们是多么美丽的图画啊!
②What cold weather it is!多么寒冷的天气啊!
?其他感叹句
1.在陈述句、祈使句句尾加感叹号,表示某种强烈的感情。如:
①She plays the piano so well! 她钢琴弹得真好!
②Stop talking!不要说话了!
2.有时单词和短语本身也可用来表示感叹。如:
Wonderful!好极了!
考点5 There be 句型
"There be+sb./sth.+地点状语/时间状语"表示"某处/某时有某人/某物"。
?There be句型结构

?There be句型的时态
?There be句型的其他形式
1.There+may/can/must/used to+be+主语(+其他成分),如:
There used to be a tree in front of the room. 从前这个房间的前面有一棵树。
2.There lives/lies/stands/remains/comes+主语(+其他成分),如:
There once lived an old man in the house. 这所房子里曾经住着一位老人。
3.There seems to be/happens to be/ appears to be +主语(+其他成分),如:
There appears to be no cloud in the sky. 天空中似乎没有云。
?There be句型中的主谓一致
There be句型中be动词的形式要与离它最近的主语保持数的一致,即遵循"就近原则"。如:
There are some flowers and a tree in the garden. 花园里有一些花和一棵树。
妙辨异同
There be句型和have的区别:
(1)There be句型表示"存在",强调"某地/某时有某人/物",不表示所属关系。如:
There is a science lab next to the library.
图书馆旁边有一个科学实验室。
(2)have表示所属关系,强调"某人/物拥有……"。如:
We have a beautiful garden. 我们有一个漂亮的花园。
专题十二　简单句　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1.[2018上海]Please　　　the rubbish into different litter bins according to the signs.?
A. puts B. put C. putting D. to put
2.[2018重庆A卷]　　　me a chance and I'll bring you a surprise.?
A. Give B. Giving C. Gives D. To give
3.[2018上海]The self-driving plane proves to be useful in many ways. 　　　smart invention it is!?
A. What B. What a C. What an D. How
4.[2018黔东南州]Life is like a journey. 　　　ahead, and you will see a lot more beautiful scenery(风景).?
A. Plan B. To plan C. Planning D. Plans
5.[2018黑龙江龙东地区改编]Tom, 　　　the umbrella with you. Look at the clouds. It's going to rain!?
A. taking B. takes C. take D. to take
6.[2018宜昌]—It is reported that a kind of new smart phone can test the air quality(质量) around you.
—　　　 fast the technology develops!?
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
7.[2018吉林改编]Let's save pandas! There　　　only about 2,000 pandas living in the forests now.?
A. am B. is C. are D. were
8.[2018郑州二测]Cheer up! If you want to go up high, 　　　 your own legs. ?
A. to use B. use C. using D. used
9.[2018郑州外国语三模]—How can I pay full attention to my homework?
—　　　 off your phone and keep off any possible bother.?
A. Turn B. To turn C. Turning D. Turned
10.[2018郑州八中三模]　　　 and your mind will stay fresh.?
A. Thinking B. To think C. Think D. Thought
11.[2018开封一模]—Do you know we'll have three days off after the tests in May?
—　　　 exciting news!?
A. How an B. How C. What D. What an
12.[2018平顶山三模]—　　　 great time we had at Mr. Zhu's birthday party!?
—Yes, 　　　 fun we had singing and dancing there!?
A. What a; how B. What a; what
C. How; how D. What; what
13.[2018南阳市宛城区二模]—　　　 your homework faster, Danny. Then you can have more time to have fun.?
—OK, Dad.
A. Do B. Does C. Doing D. To do
14.[2019原创]—　　　 delicious food you served us tonight! Thank you very much!?
—I'm glad that you enjoyed it.
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
15.[2019原创]—Please 　　　 carefully for there is a primary school ahead.?
—OK, I will.
A. to drive B. driving C. drive D. drove
16.—Is there any outdoor learning in your school?
—　　　.We learn outdoors once or twice every month.?
A. Yes, there is B. No, there isn't C. Yes, it is D. No, it isn't
17.[2019原创]It's well known that life is short but amazing. 　　　 it!?
A. Enjoy B. To enjoy C. Enjoying D. Enjoyed
18.—Have you heard that Lin Tao saved his neighbour from a big fire last night?
—Yes. 　　　 brave young man he is!?
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
19.—Excuse me, but can you tell me where the nearest bank is?
—Just　　　going for two more blocks and you'll see it.?
A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. keeps
20.—What's in the picture?
—There 　　　 a teacher and some students playing games on the playground.?
A. is B. are C. has D. have
【参考答案】1—5 BABAC　6—10 CCBAC　11—15 CBACC　16—20 AADAA