人教版中考英语二轮语法专题复习学案：专题十三 复合句

人教版中考英语二轮语法专题复习：专题十三 复合句
考情总结
　分析近10年中考真题可知,宾语从句为河南中考的高频考点,主要在单项选择中考查,宾语从句的三要素:语序、时态、引导词均有涉及;定语从句是中考的必考点,主要考查that, which,who引导的限定性定语从句;对状语从句的考查都会与从属连词相结合,主要在状语从句中考查从属连词的辨析及应用。
考点1 宾语从句
?语序
宾语从句要用陈述语序,即"连接词+主语+谓语+其他"。陈述句作宾语从句时,应用原陈述语序;疑问句作宾语从句时,原来的倒装语序也要改为陈述语序。如:
① “She is a good student,” the teacher told us.
=The teacher told us(that)she was a good student.
老师告诉我们她是一个好学生。
②Where does he live? Do you know?
=Do you know where he lives?你知道他住在哪里吗?
易失分点
(1)"What's wrong/the matter(with sb.)?"作宾语从句时,其本身就是陈述语序。如:
He asked me what was the matter with you. 他问我你怎么了。
(2)当两个或多个由that引导的宾语从句由并列连词and连接时,除第一个从句中的that可省略外,其余从句中的that都不可省略。如:
He said (that) the book was interesting and that all the children liked reading it. 他说这本书很有趣,并且所有孩子都喜欢读。
?时态
①I don't know when he left last night. 我不知道昨晚他何时离开的。
②Tell him when we will start. 告诉他我们将什么时候出发。
①Alex said he would go to London. 亚历克斯说他要去伦敦。
②He didn't say where he had been before. 他没有说他之前去过什么地方。
①My teacher said that the moon moves round the earth.
我的老师说过月亮围着地球转。
②Everyone knows that there are sixty minutes in an hour.
大家都知道一个小时有60分钟。
?引导词
引导词
作用
例句
that
本身无意义,不充当句子成分,只起连接作用,可省略
Do you think (that) we will have good weather?
你认为我们会遇上好天气吗?
连接代词:what, whom, which, whose, who等
在从句中作一定成分,如:主语、宾语、定语等
①He asked me whose coat it was.
他问我这是谁的外套。
②Do you know who broke the window?
你知道是谁打碎了窗户吗?
连接副词:when, where, how, why等
在从句中作状语
①The scientist explained how the system worked. 这位科学家解释了该系统是如何运作的。
②—Do you know when the meeting will begin?
你知道会议将在什么时候开始吗?
—At 10:00 a.m. 上午十点。
if/whether
意为"是否",不作句子成分,但不可省略
I asked if/whether they would win the match. 我问他们能否赢得比赛。
提分速记
if/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词,意为"是否",但以下几种情况只能用whether:
(1)宾语从句在介词之后时。如:
It depends on whether it will rain tomorrow. 这取决于明天是否会下雨。
(2)后面直接跟or not时。如:
I don't know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。
(3)与动词不定式连用时。如:
Check the prices before you decide whether to buy one.
在你决定是否要买一件物品之前,先查看一下价格。
(4)宾语从句提前,位于句首时。如:
Whether they can come here on time, we don't know.
他们能否按时来这儿,我们不知道。
(5)用if会产生歧义时。如:
Please tell me if you need help. 这句话有两种意思:如果你需要帮助请告诉我。/请告诉我你是否需要帮助。若用whether只能表达第二种意思。
得分巧记
whether和if的异同
二者选一表“是否” , if, whether均可用,
whether跟在介词后,小心if生歧义。
可说whether or not,却无 if or not。
可说whether to do sth., if 则无此用法。
?宾语从句的简化
当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词为remember, know, forget, learn, decide, choose, agree, ask, tell, show等时,从句可简化为"(疑问词)+动词不定式"结构。如:
①We decided that we would help the old man.=We decided to help the old man.
我们决定帮助这位老人。
②She has forgotten how she can open the window.
=She has forgotten how to open the window.
她已经忘记了如何才能打开窗户。
?宾语从句的否定前移
在宾语从句中,当谓语动词是think, believe, expect等表示"认为,猜想"的词时,若要否定宾语从句,一般将主句变成否定句,即"否定前移"。如:
I think they will lose the match. 我认为他们将会输掉这场比赛。(变为否定句)→
I don't think they will lose the match. 我认为他们不会输掉这场比赛。
考点2 定语从句
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词可分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose)和关系副词(why, when, where)。
?关系代词的用法
关系代词
在从句中的成分
先行词
例句
that, who
作主语、宾语、表语
人
I hate people who/that talk much but do little. 我讨厌说得多做得少的人。
that, which
作主语、宾语、表语
物
This is the school which/that we visited last year. 这就是我们去年参观的那所学校。
whom
作宾语
人
The man whom I saw is called Smith.
我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。
whose
作定语
人、物
It's the house whose door is painted red.
这就是那个门涂成红色的房子。
?关系副词的用法
关系副词
在从句中的成分
先行词
例句
when
作状语
表示时间的名词
I will never forget the day when I went to college.
我永远不会忘记上大学的那一天。
where
作状语
表示地点的名词
This is the hospital where my mother works.
这就是我妈妈工作的医院。
why
作状语
reason
The reason why he was late is that his car went wrong.
他迟到的原因是他的汽车坏了。
?关系代词的特殊用法
1.只能用关系代词that的情况:
(1)当先行词是不定代词something, anything, everything, nothing, little, few, all, some, none, much等时。如:
There is nothing that can stop him from doing it. 没有任何事能够阻止他做这件事。
(2)当先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same等修饰时。如:
This is the very necklace (that) you want. 这就是你想要的那条项链。
(3)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时或先行词本身就是序数词时。如:
This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
(4)当先行词被all, any, every, each, few, no, some等修饰时。 如:
All the presents (that) your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.
生日那天你的朋友们送给你的所有礼物你都应该收好。
(5)当定语从句的先行词中既有人又有物时。如:
They are talking of the designers and their works that interest them.
他们正在谈论他们感兴趣的设计师及他们的作品。
(6)当定语从句的主句是由who或which引导的疑问句时。如:
Who is the person that is standing by the window?
站在窗户旁边的那个人是谁?
2.关系代词的省略
一般情况下,that, which, whom在从句中作宾语时可省略,但关系代词which, whom在从句中作介词宾语并且介词置于关系代词前时,不可省略。如:
I remember the day on which I saw you for the first time.
我记得我第一次见你的那一天。
考点3 状语从句
状语从句由从属连词引导,在句中充当状语,按其用途主要分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句和让步状语从句等。
1.状语从句的分类和用法(讲解见专题六 连词 →考点2)
2.主句和从句时态一致
You can get good grades if you study hard.
如果你努力学习,你就能取得好成绩。
If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will visit the Great Wall.
如果明天不下雨,我们将去游览长城。
Someone knocked at the door when we were having supper.
当我们正在吃饭的时候,有人敲门。
专题十三　复合句
1.[2018重庆A卷]—Excuse me! Do you know　　　??
—It's two kilometers away from here.
A. where is the supermarket
B. when does the supermarket open
C. where the supermarket is
D. when the supermarket opens
2.[2018河北]—Hi, Ken. Did Mrs. Zhang tell us 　　　??
—Yes. She said we should meet there at nine.
A. which was the way to the station
B. why we should meet at the station
C. when we should get to the station
D. who we should meet at the station
3.[2018云南]—I don't know　　　during the summer vacation. Any advice??
—How about doing some part-time jobs?
A. what should I do B. where should I go
C. what I should do D. where I should go
4.[2018苏州]—Do you know 　　　??
—We can try to produce less waste, reuse or recycle things.
A. why can we live a green life
B. how can we live a green life
C. why we can live a green life
D. how we can live a green life
5.[2018成都改编]—Is this the new dictionary　　　you got yesterday??
—Yes. Now it's very convenient for me to look up words.
A. that B. why C. what D. who
6.[2018黄冈]—Class, you should be thankful to those people　　　helped and supported you.?
—We will, Miss Chen.
A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
7.[2018黄石]If I 　　　a two-week holiday next year, I will take part in a short study tour to Beijing University.?
A. took B. take C. will take D. are taking
8.[2018开封一模]—I am a new reader.Could you tell me 　　　??
—Certainly. For two weeks. And you can renew them.
A. how long can I keep the books
B. how long I can keep the books
C. when should I return the books
D. when I should return the books
9.[2018省实验三模]—Why are you so happy?
—I've got a piece of good news 　　　 my dad told me.?
A. whom B. who C. whose D. which
10.[2018许昌二模]—Is David still in Paris or already back at home?
—I'm not sure 　　　.I'll call to make sure.?
A. how he will come back B. why he has come back
C. if he has come back D. that he has come back
11.[2018开封一模]—Jack usually helps others with English and we like him very much.
—I agree.A student 　　　 is always helping others is worth being loved.?
A. whom B. which C. who D. whose
12.[2018郑州八中三模]—Mummy, why does Polly copy everything 　　　 Granny says??
—That's what parrots do.
A. what B. who C. when D. that
13.[2018平顶山三模]—Do you know 　　　??
—Yes. Handwriting isn't clean or tidy.
A. what mistakes you have made
B. how many mistakes have you made
C. what mistakes have you made
D. how many mistakes you have made
14.[2019原创]—Excuse me, could you please tell me 　　　 the Science Museum??
—Sure. Go along the street and turn left. It's next to Bank of China.
A. when I can get to B. when can I get to
C. how I can get to D. how can I get to
15.—Do you know 　　　 yesterday??
—Yes. He went for the boat race.
A. why didn't Peter go to school
B. why doesn't Peter go to school
C. why Peter didn't go to school
D. why Peter doesn't go to school
16.Today is Father's Day. I'm thinking about 　　　.?
A. what present I gave my father
B. if I planned a party for my father
C. how I can give my father a surprise
D. where will my father and I have a big meal
17.—Do you know 　　　 to our school??
—Next term.
A. when the exchange students came
B. when did the exchange students come
C. when the exchange students will come
D. when will the exchange students come
18.According to a survey,people 　　　 are able to speak two languages can manage two things at the same time more easily.?
A. which B. whom C. whose D. who
19.[2019原创]—I want to know if your cousin 　　　 tomorrow.?
—If she 　　　 tomorrow, we'll give her a gift.?
A. will come; will come B. will come; comes
C. comes; comes D. comes; will come
20.[2019原创]You'd better not play with your phone 　　　 you're walking on the street.?
A. after B. though C. while D. until
21.[2019原创]The 2018 Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (2018年中非合作论坛北京峰会)　　　 was held from September 3 to September 4, turned out to be a great success.?
A. who B. whom C. which D. what
22.[2019原创]I watched "First Class of the New Semester" (《开学第一课》) and I was deeply moved by the story of Xie Hailong 　　　 once took a photo of a big-eyed girl named Su Mingjuan.?
A. whom B. which C. what D. who
【参考答案】
1—5 CCCDA　6—10 CBBDC　11—15 CDACC　16—22 CCDBCCD