课件55张PPT。Unit 4Astronomy:the science of the starsHow much do you know about the universe?What are the names of the eight planets that circle the sun?solar system地球 ______
木星 ______
火星 ______
水星 ________海王星 _______
土星 ________
天王星 _______
金星 ________EarthJupiterMarsMercuryNeptuneSaturnUranusVenusTHE SOLAR SYSTEM On which planet can we find life existence?
Why?basic things we
need to surviveairwaterfoodsunshineBecause there is …….on the earth.atmospheresoilproper temperaturenitrogen surface vapour atmosphereoxygencarbondioxidePre-readingDo you know how our life began on the earth?Do you know any ancient idea about the beginning of the universe? In Chinese culture… separates the sky from the earth and his whole body turned into all kinds of things in the universe.PanguskyearthThe Goddess Nuwa made the first man using the best mud and water according to her appearance.God created the world in seven days. In western culture…Reading
How life began on the earth ?Passage structureMain bodyPara 2: A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe.The formation of the earth.The importance of water for life. The development of plants and animals on the earth.The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.Para 1 Para 3: Para 4: Para 5: Big Banga cloud of dust atmosphere The eartha solid globewaterwaterPlants in the waterShellfish and fishPlants on landInsects and amphibiansReptiles Dinosaurs Mammals humans came into being and spread all over the world.Ⅰ.单词学习—基础落实1. n. 系统;体系;制度
2. n. 学说;理论
3. n. 大气层;气氛
4. adj. 基本的;基础的
5. adv. 因此;于是
6. vt.& vi. (使)迷惑;(使)为难
n. 谜;难题
7. adj. 温和的;文雅的systemtheoryatmospherefundamentalthuspuzzlegentle 8. vi.& vt. 碰撞;坠落
9. n.& vt. 拉(力);拖;牵引力
10. vi.& vt. (使)浮动;(使)漂浮
n. 漂浮物
11. prep.不同;不像→ vt.喜欢prep.相像的
→ adj.可能的
12. adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的→ n.暴
力→ adv.暴力地;猛烈地
13. adj.有害的→ n.& v.伤害→________
adj.无害的
14. vi.存在;生存→ n.存在;生存 crashpullfloatunlikelikelikelyviolenceviolentviolentlyharmfulharmexistexistencebegin withbegin with意为“从……开始,以……为起点”,为动词短语,相当于start with。begin with中的begin为不及物动词,with为介词。
To carry out a plan,one has to begin/start with an investigation.
实施计划要从调查开始。用上述词组填空。
①The party ____________ a song.
②____ __ ,we must consider the problem all sidedly.To begin withbegin withWhat it was to become是What引导的主语从句,What在从句中作become的表语;until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe在句中作状语。其中when引导的定语从句修饰between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago。was to become是“be to do”结构,在此表示按照计划、安排即将发生的事。be to do 结构该结构表示将来,主要有以下三种用法:
(1)表示按照计划、安排即将发生某事或者打算做某事。
①We are to hold a party this weekend.
这个周末我们要举办一个聚会。
(2)表示注定要发生或不可避免会发生某事。
②This experience was to change his life.
这次经历注定会改变他的人生。
(3)表示说话人的意图、职责、义务、命令等。
③You are to go to bed,kids.It's 22 o'clock now.
孩子们,你们必须上床睡觉,现在已经晚上 十点了。
特别提醒:“be to do”结构中,若do与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,不定式要用to be done的形式。
④The meeting is to be held next Monday.
会议将于下周一举行。violent 猛烈的;激烈的;暴力的Some young people are involved in
crime.一些年轻人参与了暴 力犯罪
Whatever happens, we will never use
.无论发生什么,我们都不要使用暴力violence n.暴力,猛烈, 激情
violently adv. 猛烈地,凶狠地
with violence 猛烈地,强有力地violentviolencein time 及时;终于
in time to do sth. 及时做某事
in time for sth. 及时赶上某事
on time 准时;按时
at a time 一次;每次
at one time 曾经;一度;同时
at times 有时;偶尔
at no time 决不(用在句首时,句子要部分倒装)
in no time 马上;立刻=at once=immediately (用在句首不用倒装)
①We arrived in the summer,just (enjoy) the midnight sun.
我们在夏天到达那里,正赶上欣赏半夜的太阳。
②At no time give in to difficulties.
我们在任何时候都不能向困难屈服。
③Do one thing and do it well.
一次只做一件事,并且要做到最好.
in time to enjoyshould weat a time unlike prep. 不同;不像Unlike her brother, she is diligent.
unlike (反义词)-------
It is unlike to do sth.做...不像某人平常的样子
like (喜欢) -------
likely adj. 可能的
be likely to do sth 可能做某事
It is likely that... 有可能...
alike adj./adv. 同样地
like(像)dislike (不喜欢)①It is very unlike him
迟到那么久可实在不像他平时的作风。
②He is likely a bit late.
他可能晚到一会。
③ he will not attend the meeting.
有可能他不参加会议。to be so lateto arriveIt is likely thatit作形式宾语的句型
(1)句中made it possible for life to develop属于“make+it+形容词/名词(宾补)+to do/that 从句”结构。该结构中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是 。
(2)在“make+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,宾语补足语可以是________
注意:当“make+宾语+do sth. ”变为被动语态时,不定式符号to要加上。后面的不定式或that从句不带to的不定式、过去分词或形容词be harmful to... 对……有害
harmless adj. 无害的
do harm to sb.=do sb.harm 对某人有害
There is no harm in doing sth. 做某事没有害处
(=it does no harm to do sth.)
harmful adj.有害的①Your smoking can the health of your children.
你吸烟会危及孩子的健康。
②Reading under the sun will your eyes.
太阳底下看书会严重损伤视力。
③There is no harm in more books= more books.
多读些书没坏处。
be harmful to do serious harm toreadingIt does_no_harm_to_readlay (laid,laid,laying)
(1)vt.& vi.产(卵),下(蛋)。
①The cuckoo lays its eggs in other birds' nests.
杜鹃在其他鸟的巢中下蛋。
(2)vt.放置,安放,搁。
②She laid the baby down gently on the bed.
她把婴儿轻轻地放在床上。
(3)vt.铺设,铺。
The road has been dug up in order to lay cables.
路已被挖开以便铺设电缆。lay eggs 下蛋lay aside把……放在一边;留存备用
lay down放下;中断;将……搁下
lay off解雇;停止使用
lay out摆开,展开;布置;策划
lay emphasis/stress on sth把重点放在某事上用上述词或词组填空。
①The foundations of the house are being________ today.
②He is a political leader that____________ great stress____________ individual responsibility.
③He________ some money________ for rainy days.
答案:①laid ②lays on ③lays aside(1)exist in 存在于……中
exist on 靠……生活/生存
There exists/existed... 存在……;有……
(2)existence n. 存在;生活
in existence 现存的;现有的
come into existence 产生;成立;
开始存在
exist. vi.存在;生存 ①He selling fruits.
他靠卖水果生存。
② exists a tall tree in front of my home.
在我家门前有一棵很高的树。
③It is said that the plant is the oldest in (exist).
据说这种植物是现存最古老的。
exists onThereexistence
exist是不及物动词,没有被动语态,也没有进行时。there exist(某处)存在,有……,是there be句型的变体。类似的结构还有:there stand,there lie,there live,there occur等。
in one's turn轮到某人;接着in turn依次;轮流;相应地;转而;反过来
by turns 轮流;交替
take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
①When it is ,I am too excited to speak.当轮到我时,我激动得都说不出话来了。
in my turn②It is my turn (clean) the classroom this week.
这周轮到我打扫教室了。
③They to care about their parents.
他们轮流照顾他们的父母。
to_cleanby turnsprevent/ keep/ stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事We must prevent the water from
(pollute).
在被动语态中,from不可省略。
保护…不受…
protect/defend … from…保护...不受...侵袭
短语prevent/stop/protect...from... 中的from可以省略,keep...from...中的from不能省略。但在被动结构中,from均不可省略。being pollutedpuzzle n. 谜;难题 vt.&vi.(使)迷惑;(使)为难(1)be in a puzzle感到困惑;不知如何是好
(2)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想;苦苦思索
(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的
(4)puzzled adj. 感到迷惑的
be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解
I'm in a puzzle as to how to get along with him.
对于如何和他相处我感到困惑。
The ①puzzled look on her face suggested she was
②puzzling over the ③puzzling math problem.
她困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考那个令人困惑的数学问题。
Scientific Theories Isaac NewtonAlbert EinsteinStephen Hawking(1)n.[sing.]引力,磁力;[C]拉,拽,扯。
①The tide is caused by the pull of the moon.
潮汐是由月球的引力导致的。
②One more pull will bring the car out of the ditch.
再拉一下就能把汽车从沟里拉出来。(2)n.[U](对他人的)影响,影响力。
③She has great pull in that company.
在那个公司她有很大的影响力。
(3)vt.&vi.拉,拖,扯(反义词:push)。
④Help me move this piano;you pull and I'll push.
帮我移一下这架钢琴,你拉我推。pull v.拉(力);拖;牵引力pull构成的短语:
pull down拆毁,摧毁(建筑物)
pull in进站停靠;驶向路边(或某处)停靠
pull out退出;出站
pull together通力合作,齐心协力
pull through康复;帮……复原(或康复);协助……完成(十分困难的事)
pull up(车辆,驾驶员)停车;提升飞机的高度①After he waited for two hours,the train finally _________.他等了两个小时,火车终于进站了。
②His injuries are severe but he's expected to ________. 他的伤势很重,但有望恢复健康。
③He _______ his car at the entrance of the cinema.他在电影院入口处将车停了下来。
pulled in pull throughpulled upcheer (sb.) up ;感到振奋;使高兴cheer sb. on以喝彩声鼓励某人;为某人加油
cheerful adj. 快乐的,高兴的,兴高采烈的
Cheers! 干杯!;再见;谢谢now that意为“既然,由于”,用作连词,引导原因状语从句。① you have made a promise,you must carry it out.
既然你许了诺言,你就要兑现它。特别提醒:就像although/though不能与but连用,because不能与so连用一样,当now that引导原因
状语从句时,主句前不能再加so等类似的词。如:
既然你准备好了,我们现在可以走了。
【误】Now that you are ready,so we can go now.
【正】Now that you are ready,we can go now.Now that 其他可以引导原因状语从句的连词:
because因为(语气较重,常用于回答why提出的问题)
since因为,既然,由于(可与now that互换)
as因为,由于(语气较弱)
引导原因状语的介词短语有due to,thanks to,because of,as a result of,owing to,on account of等。get the hang of 得知 ... 的要领,学会 ... 的窍门hang out/about/around闲逛
hang up挂断电话
hang on 稍等一会(hold on)
hang on to紧紧抓住
break out 突发;爆发
break away (from) 突然离开;脱离;放弃(习惯等)
break down 毁掉;制服;停顿;倒塌;垮掉;分解break in 闯入;打断
break into 破门而入;侵占
break up 打碎;拆散;(会议)结束;分裂(解体)
break off断开;折断;停顿;中断①He my house and stole my money.他闯进我的家偷了我的钱.
②The meeting at eleven o'clock.会议在十一点钟散会.
③Once you join them,you can never them.broke intobroke upbreak away fromwatch out for =look out for密切关系,当心, 提防watch out = look out小心
watch over 照管;保护
keep a watch 守望;注视
The passengers were warned to
thieves.警告乘客当心
小偷。watch out foras...as...结构
(1)as+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+as...像……一样的……
(2)as+形容词/副词原级+as...像……一样……
as much+不可数名词+as...
as many+可数名词复数+as...
倍数的表达方法
(1)倍数+as+adj./adv.(原级)+as...
(2)倍数+比较级+than...
(3)倍数+the size(height/length/width...)+of...
(4)倍数+what从句
和……一样多