专题七 词汇考查题解题技巧
题型概述
词汇题是很多地方的中考题型之一,它不但可以考查考生的拼写能力,而且还考查考生运用所学词汇进行交际的能力。它考查内容广,涉及词汇、时态、语态及英语惯用法等知识。中考英语中对词汇的考查主要有两种题型:一是用括号内所给词的适当形式填空,二是选出与句子画线部分意思相同或相近的选项。
1.考查方式:
(1)根据句意,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
(2)选出与句子画线部分意思相同或相近的选项。
2.特点:都是单句。
方法技巧
题型一、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空?
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空,主要考查:(1)名词复数或名词所有格;(2)数词——基数词变为序数词,数词复数形式;(3)人称代词,物主代词,反身代词与不定代词;(4)形容词、副词间的转换及其比较等级;(5)构词法;(6)动词的时态,语态及人称和数的变化;非谓语动词的用法。要做好此题需掌握以下技巧:
方法一：要读完句子,理解句意;
方法二：分析要填写的单词在句中所做的成分,正确判断其词性;
方法三：要判断所填词的正确词形,如名词的单复数、所有格;动词的时态、语态;主谓一致;谓语及非谓语动词的用法辨析等。
【典例】(2018甘肃白银)根据句意,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.An apple a day (keep) the doctor away.?
2.Too much sugar is bad for your (tooth).?
3.The days of spring are (wind) and bright.?
4.You shouldn’t be too hard on (you).?
5.Many April Fool’s jokes may end up (be) not very funny.?
6.I haven’t seen them (recent).?
7.This machine can (translate) simple messages into 24 different languages.?
8.I have already asked him (two) but he hasn’t given me any reply.?
9.Please be quiet.The children (sleep).?
10.My father usually goes to work early (avoid) heavy traffic.?
【答案与解析】:
1.keeps 考查动词时态。本句叙述的是客观事实,所以时态用一般现在时,主语An apple是单数名词,所以keep用第三人称单数形式,故答案填keeps。句意:日食一苹果,医生远离我。
2.teeth 考查名词的复数。句意:吃太多的糖对你的牙齿是有害的。tooth的复数形式是teeth。
3.windy 考查形容词。句意:春天天气多风,阳光明媚。由and bright可知此处应填形容词;wind的形容词是windy,故答案填windy。
4.yourself/yourselves 考查反身代词。句意:你/你们别对自己太苛刻。be too hard on sb.“对自己太苛刻”是固定搭配,主语为you,故应填反身代词,you的反身代词是yourself或者yourselves,故答案填yourself/yourselves。
5.being 考查动名词。句意:许多愚人节玩笑最终可能不是很有趣。end up doing sth.“以做某事而告终”,是固定搭配,故答案填being。
6.recently 考查副词。句意:我最近没有见过他们。联系上文“I haven’t seen them”可知这是一个主系表结构的句子,故应填recent的副词,其对应的副词为recently,故答案填recently。
7.translate 考查情态动词的用法。句意:这台机器可以将简单的消息翻译成24种不同的语言。can是情态动词,后加动词原形;动词translate与主语This machine为主动关系,故答案填translate。
8.twice 考查副词。句意:我已经问过他两次了,但他没有给我任何答复。联系下文but he hasn’t given me any reply“但是他没有给我任何答复”可推断,已经问过两次了,故答案填twice,在句中做状语。
9.are sleeping 考查动词时态。根据Please be quiet“请安静”可猜测孩子们正在睡觉,应用现在进行时。主语The children是名词复数形式,sleep的现在分词为sleeping,故答案填are sleeping。
10.to avoid 考查非谓语动词。联系上下文可知,父亲每天早早地去上班,是为了避免交通拥挤,故答案填to avoid,动词不定式表目的。
题型二、选出与句子画线部分意思相同或相近的选项
解题技巧：此类题型主要考查同义词(句)、近义词、反义词的多种表达形式。必须注意上下文中出现的提示语,或根据语境进行合理、恰如其分的猜测和推理。
典例2(2018甘肃白银)选出与句子画线部分意思相同或相近的选项。
1.The train arrived at the station 20 minutes late.?
A.reached B.got C.left D.passed
2.A lot of people are coming to the meeting.?
A.A few B.A little C.A bit of D.A large number of
3.The table is inexpensive but well-made.
A.cheap B.comfortable C.wonderful D.colourful
4.Acting has brought me great enjoyment.
A.movement B.pleasure C.luck D.success
5.The little boy finished his painting all by himself.?
A.his own B.along C.alone D.together with him
【答案与解析】:
1.A 考查动词短语辨析。arrive at+地点,相当于reach+地点,意为“到达某地”。
2.D 考查短语辨析。a large number of“许多的;大量的”,后跟可数名词复数形式,故答案选D项。
3.A 考查形容词。句意:这张桌子虽然不贵,但是制作很考究。inexpensive“不贵的”,故答案选A项,意为“便宜的”。
4.B 考查名词。联系题干“表演给我带来很大的快乐”可知答案选B项,意为“快乐”,相当于enjoyment。
5.C 考查固定搭配。by himself“靠某人自己”,故答案选C项,意为“独自地”。
【强化练习】
一、根据句意,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
【1】
1.(2018江苏淮安)On (rain) days,the traffic is heavier than usual.?
2.(2018江苏淮安)Man can’t live (with) air or water.?
3.(2018江苏淮安)Come on,Sam.Believe in (you).You can work out the problem on your own.?
4.(2018江苏淮安)You look very tired.Why not (take) a rest??
5.(2018江苏淮安)Robinson Crusoe(《鲁滨孙漂流记》) by Daniel Defoe is (wide) read by teenagers in our city.?
6.(2018江苏淮安)The two (president) wives also took part in the charity show.?
【2】
根据句子意思,用括号中所给词的正确形式填空,每空一词。
1.(2018山东莱芜)We are supposed to read (quiet) in the library.?
2.(2018山东莱芜)Teenagers should learn how to protect (they) from all kinds of danger.?
3.(2018山东莱芜)This is Mary’s (three) time to visit the beautiful city.?
4.(2018山东莱芜)The second-hand car is much (cheap) than the new one.?
【3】
1.(2018内蒙古包头)Before reaching an ?(agree),they had a heated discussion.?
2.(2018内蒙古包头)—I am (awful) sorry.I broke your camera by accident.?
—Never mind.I’m sure you didn’t do it on purpose and it can’ t be helped.
3.(2018内蒙古包头)Her father (drop) her off at the school gate and then drove to work.?
4.(2018内蒙古包头)Because of the bad weather,there was a (sudden) change of our plan.?
5.(2018内蒙古包头)Mark was the only student that was (choose) to attend the meeting.?
6.(2018内蒙古包头)—Perhaps one day I may go on a (relax) holiday.?
—Yeah,dream on!
7.(2018内蒙古包头)This shirt is a little expensive.Can you show me a (cheap) one??
8.(2018内蒙古包头)Good luck is when a chance comes and you’re (prepare) for it.?
9.(2018内蒙古包头)—Can you tell me the way to the Central Hospital?
—Sorry.I myself am a (strange) to this city.?
10.(2018内蒙古包头)They’ve been friends for many years and they both (value) their friendship very much.?
二、选出与句子画线部分意思相同或相近的选项
（ ）1.He was down in the mouth because he missed his plane. ?
A.unhappy B.happy C.glad D.relaxed
（ ）2.Tell me your story,please.I’m all ears. ?
A.I have many ears. B.I like all kinds of ears. C.I’m listening to you carefully. D.I don’t want to listen to you.
（ ）3.Little Tom was in seventh heaven when he got a fashion bicycle for his birthday. ?
A.disappointed B.angry C.upset D.happy
（ ）4.Emily got the first place in the Spelling Bee.We all admire her spelling ability. ?
A.a competition to spell words B.a competition to give speeches
C.a competition to tell stories D.a competition to sing songs
（ ）5.There is plenty of rain in the south of China. ?
A.many B.much C.most D.a lot
（ ）6.She can come up with a good idea when we don’t know what to do. ?
A.think B.think over C.think up D.think about
（ ）7.Whenever you come,you are welcome. ?
A.No matter when B.Not anyone when C.Not matter when D.No one when
（ ）8.I haven’t received a letter from my best friend in the USA for weeks. ?
A.heard from B.heard about C.heard of D.heard in
（ ）9.This book is kind of difficult. ?
A.very B.really C.a little D.little
（ ）10.I’m sure you’ll work out the key to the problem. ?
A.question B.importance C.difficulty D.solution
（ ）11.She is living here all by herself. ?
A.along B.alone C.lonely D.lately
（ ）12.Exercise makes me fit. ?
A.fat B.happy C.healthy D.sad
（ ）13.—Dad,I’ve got an “A” in the first math examination.—That’s a good start.Keep it up. ?
A.begin B.beginning C.to begin D.began
（ ）14.—Please keep off the tiger cage.It’s dangerous to be close to them.?—Oh,I see.Thank you. ?
A.keep up with B.keep away from C.keep out D.keep down
（ ）15.We will plant more trees so that we can improve our environment. ?
A.because B.because of C.in order that D.in order to
【考点归纳】
一、可数名词单数变复数类：
1．规则变化:
（1）一般情况加-s, 如: girls, books, pens, bags, boys, days等。
（2）以s, x, ch, sh结尾加-es, 如: buses, boxes, watches, brushes等。
（3）以o结尾的名词，无生命的名词多加-s，有生命的名词多加-es。
（4）以辅音字母加y结尾的名词, 变y为i加-es, 如: city→ cities, story→stories
（5）以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v加-es。如:leaf→leaves, knife→knives,
shelf→shelves等。（roof→roofs）
2．不规则变化的名词要熟记：
man→men, woman→women, child→children,
foot→feet, tooth→teeth, mouse→mice,
people→people, sheep→sheep, Chinese→Chinese
deer→deer Japanese→Japanese
二、名词变形容词类：
1．在动词或名词后加后缀-ful, 如：
care→careful; use→useful; thank→thankful; help→helpful;
beauty→beautiful; wonder→wonderful forget→forgetful
2．在名词后加-y, 如：
luck→lucky, cloud→cloudy; wind→windy; rain→rainy; sun→sunny, snow→snowy
noise-noisy health→healthy
3．在名词后加-y, 如：friend→friendly love→lovely day→daily
4．方位名词加-ern，如：east→eastern west→western south→southern
north→northern northeast→northeastern
6．在名词后加-less, 变成否定含义的形容词。如：
use→useless hope→hopeless care→careless
三、形容词加后缀变成名词
1．形容词加-ness变成名词，如：
happy→happiness ill→illness weak→weakness
kind→kindness good→goodness careless→carelessness
2．形容词加-ty变成名词，如：
safe→safety difficult→difficulty
3．形容词加-th变成名词，如：
true→truth warm→warmth young→youth
4．形容词加-ence / ance变成名词，如：
important→importance dependent→dependence different→difference
四、形容词变副词类：
形容词修饰名词、代词等作定语或表语；副词修饰动词、形容词或副词作状语。
1．一般形容词词尾加-ly变成副词，如：
slow→slowly clear→clearly quick→quickly quiet→quietly careful→carefully sudden→suddenly real→really
2．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，要变y为i加-ly，如：
easy→easily happy→happily heavy→heavily
lucky→luckily busy→busily angry→angrily;
3．以元音字母加辅音字母＋e结尾的重读开音节，直接加-ly，如：
polite→politely safe→safely wide→widely
4．以元音字母＋e结尾，去e加-ly，如： true→truly
5．以辅音字母加-le结尾，去e加-y，如：terrible→terribly possible→possibly
6．形容词与副词同形，如：fast→fast early→early high→high hard→hard
7．形容词与副词异形，如：good→well
8．注意：hard作形容词时意思是“困难的；硬的；生硬的”等；作副词时意思是“努力地”。hardly是否定副词，意思是“几乎不”。
五、动词变名词类：
1．动词加-er变成名词，如：
work→worker farm→farmer teach→teachersing→singer speak→speaker play→player
read→reader drive→driver write→writer ride→rider dance→dancer run→runner;
win→winner cook→cooker wash→washer travel→traveler
2．动词加-or 变成名词，如：
visit→visitor invent→inventor operate→operator conduct→conductor
3．动词加-tion 变成名词，如：
operate→operation invent→invention liberate→liberation
六、基数词变序数词类：
主要掌握好1-12和20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90及21、22、23这几个序数词的形式：
one→first twenty→twentieth two→second thirty→thirtieth three→third forth→fortieth
four→fourth fifty→fiftieth six→sixth sixty→sixtieth seven→seventh eighty→eightieth
eight→eighth ninety→ninetieth nine→ninth twenty-one→twenty-first ten→tenth
twenty-two→twenty-second eleven→eleventh twenty-three→twenty-third twelve→twelfth
七、形容词与副词的原级、比较级和最高级类
1．形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成
（1）单音节词与部分双音节词规则变变化：
① 一般词尾加er, est； 如：fast faster fastest
② 以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加-er, -est；如：easy easier easiest
③ 以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写这个辅音字母再加-er,-est；如： hot hotter hottest
④ 以e结尾加-r，-st；如：fine→finer, nice→nicer
（2） 部分双音节词或以形容词加-ly变成的副词和多音节词，在其前加more, most 变成比较级和最高级。如：interesting→more interesting，most interesting beautiful→more beautiful，most beautiful
slowly→more slowly，most slowly quickly→more quickly，most quickly
（3）不规则变化：
good→better→best well→better→best many→more→most much→more→most
little→less→least far→farther/further→farthest/furthest.
ill→worse→worst bad/badly→worse→worst old→older/older→oldest/eldest
2．原级： as＋形容词或副词的原形＋as “和……一样……”，
not as / so＋形容词或副词的原形＋as “和……不一样……”。
八、人称代词变化类：要熟练掌握和运用主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词及名词性物主代词。见下面表格：
数
格
人称
单 数
复 数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
you
第三人称
he
she
it
him
her
It
they
they
类别
人 称
单 数
复 数
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
第一人称
my
mine
our
ours
第二人称
your
yours
your
yours
第三人称
his
his
their
theirs
her
hers
its
its
九、常见的反义词：
1．动词
buy — sell take — bring remember — forget
die — live love — hate rise — fall
ask — answer start — finish miss — catch
pull — push go — come lend — borrow
2．形容词
little — much short — tall / long right — left / wrong
free — busy full — empty few — many
good — bad white — black careful — careless
dead — living cheap — expensive clean — dirty
easy — difficult wet — dry same — different
open — closed strong —weak light — heavy
专题七 词汇考查题解题技巧
题型概述
词汇题是很多地方的中考题型之一,它不但可以考查考生的拼写能力,而且还考查考生运用所学词汇进行交际的能力。它考查内容广,涉及词汇、时态、语态及英语惯用法等知识。中考英语中对词汇的考查主要有两种题型:一是用括号内所给词的适当形式填空,二是选出与句子画线部分意思相同或相近的选项。
1.考查方式:
(1)根据句意,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
(2)选出与句子画线部分意思相同或相近的选项。
2.特点:都是单句。
方法技巧
题型一、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空?
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空,主要考查:(1)名词复数或名词所有格;(2)数词——基数词变为序数词,数词复数形式;(3)人称代词,物主代词,反身代词与不定代词;(4)形容词、副词间的转换及其比较等级;(5)构词法;(6)动词的时态,语态及人称和数的变化;非谓语动词的用法。要做好此题需掌握以下技巧:
方法一：要读完句子,理解句意;
方法二：分析要填写的单词在句中所做的成分,正确判断其词性;
方法三：要判断所填词的正确词形,如名词的单复数、所有格;动词的时态、语态;主谓一致;谓语及非谓语动词的用法辨析等。
【典例】(2018甘肃白银)根据句意,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.An apple a day (keep) the doctor away.?
2.Too much sugar is bad for your (tooth).?
3.The days of spring are (wind) and bright.?
4.You shouldn’t be too hard on (you).?
5.Many April Fool’s jokes may end up (be) not very funny.?
6.I haven’t seen them (recent).?
7.This machine can (translate) simple messages into 24 different languages.?
8.I have already asked him (two) but he hasn’t given me any reply.?
9.Please be quiet.The children (sleep).?
10.My father usually goes to work early (avoid) heavy traffic.?
【答案与解析】:
1.keeps 考查动词时态。本句叙述的是客观事实,所以时态用一般现在时,主语An apple是单数名词,所以keep用第三人称单数形式,故答案填keeps。句意:日食一苹果,医生远离我。
2.teeth 考查名词的复数。句意:吃太多的糖对你的牙齿是有害的。tooth的复数形式是teeth。
3.windy 考查形容词。句意:春天天气多风,阳光明媚。由and bright可知此处应填形容词;wind的形容词是windy,故答案填windy。
4.yourself/yourselves 考查反身代词。句意:你/你们别对自己太苛刻。be too hard on sb.“对自己太苛刻”是固定搭配,主语为you,故应填反身代词,you的反身代词是yourself或者yourselves,故答案填yourself/yourselves。
5.being 考查动名词。句意:许多愚人节玩笑最终可能不是很有趣。end up doing sth.“以做某事而告终”,是固定搭配,故答案填being。
6.recently 考查副词。句意:我最近没有见过他们。联系上文“I haven’t seen them”可知这是一个主系表结构的句子,故应填recent的副词,其对应的副词为recently,故答案填recently。
7.translate 考查情态动词的用法。句意:这台机器可以将简单的消息翻译成24种不同的语言。can是情态动词,后加动词原形;动词translate与主语This machine为主动关系,故答案填translate。
8.twice 考查副词。句意:我已经问过他两次了,但他没有给我任何答复。联系下文but he hasn’t given me any reply“但是他没有给我任何答复”可推断,已经问过两次了,故答案填twice,在句中做状语。
9.are sleeping 考查动词时态。根据Please be quiet“请安静”可猜测孩子们正在睡觉,应用现在进行时。主语The children是名词复数形式,sleep的现在分词为sleeping,故答案填are sleeping。
10.to avoid 考查非谓语动词。联系上下文可知,父亲每天早早地去上班,是为了避免交通拥挤,故答案填to avoid,动词不定式表目的。
题型二、选出与句子画线部分意思相同或相近的选项
解题技巧：此类题型主要考查同义词(句)、近义词、反义词的多种表达形式。必须注意上下文中出现的提示语,或根据语境进行合理、恰如其分的猜测和推理。
典例2(2018甘肃白银)选出与句子画线部分意思相同或相近的选项。
1.The train arrived at the station 20 minutes late.?
A.reached B.got C.left D.passed
2.A lot of people are coming to the meeting.?
A.A few B.A little C.A bit of D.A large number of
3.The table is inexpensive but well-made.
A.cheap B.comfortable C.wonderful D.colourful
4.Acting has brought me great enjoyment.
A.movement B.pleasure C.luck D.success
5.The little boy finished his painting all by himself.?
A.his own B.along C.alone D.together with him
【答案与解析】:
1.A 考查动词短语辨析。arrive at+地点,相当于reach+地点,意为“到达某地”。
2.D 考查短语辨析。a large number of“许多的;大量的”,后跟可数名词复数形式,故答案选D项。
3.A 考查形容词。句意:这张桌子虽然不贵,但是制作很考究。inexpensive“不贵的”,故答案选A项,意为“便宜的”。
4.B 考查名词。联系题干“表演给我带来很大的快乐”可知答案选B项,意为“快乐”,相当于enjoyment。
5.C 考查固定搭配。by himself“靠某人自己”,故答案选C项,意为“独自地”。
【强化练习】
一、根据句意,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
【1】
1.(2018江苏淮安)On (rain) days,the traffic is heavier than usual.?
2.(2018江苏淮安)Man can’t live (with) air or water.?
3.(2018江苏淮安)Come on,Sam.Believe in (you).You can work out the problem on your own.?
4.(2018江苏淮安)You look very tired.Why not (take) a rest??
5.(2018江苏淮安)Robinson Crusoe(《鲁滨孙漂流记》) by Daniel Defoe is (wide) read by teenagers in our city.?
6.(2018江苏淮安)The two (president) wives also took part in the charity show.?
【答案与解析】
1.rainy days是名词,修饰名词用形容词;rain的形容词是rainy。
2.without 句意:没有空气和水,人不能活。with的反义词是without,意为“无;没有”。
3.yourself 由下文“你可以独自做出这道题的”可以推断出,是和汤姆说“要相信你自己”。故答案是yourself。
4.take Why not do sth.?“为什么不做某事呢?”是固定句式。
5.widely read是实义动词,修饰实义动词用副词。wide的副词是widely。
6.presidents’ two后应该跟名词复数;wives是名词,president也是名词,故应填名词所有格,来修饰名词。以s结尾的名词的所有格加“‘”。所以答案是presidents’。
【2】
根据句子意思,用括号中所给词的正确形式填空,每空一词。
1.(2018山东莱芜)We are supposed to read (quiet) in the library.?
2.(2018山东莱芜)Teenagers should learn how to protect (they) from all kinds of danger.?
3.(2018山东莱芜)This is Mary’s (three) time to visit the beautiful city.?
4.(2018山东莱芜)The second-hand car is much (cheap) than the new one.?
【答案与解析】
1.quietly 句意:在图书馆里,我们应该默读。read是实义动词,修饰实义动词应用副词,quiet的副词形式quietly。
2.themselves 句意:青少年应该学会在各种危险的状况下如何保护自己。Teenagers是主语,是第三人称的复数形式,与所给单词在数和格上都保持一致,故应用反身代词themselves。
3.third 句意:这是玛丽第三次参观这座漂亮的城市。time为单数形式,所给词为three,故应该用序数词修饰。
4.cheaper 句意:二手车比新车便宜的多。than“比”是比较级的标志词,故用比较级形式。
【3】
1.(2018内蒙古包头)Before reaching an ?(agree),they had a heated discussion.?
2.(2018内蒙古包头)—I am (awful) sorry.I broke your camera by accident.?
—Never mind.I’m sure you didn’t do it on purpose and it can’ t be helped.
3.(2018内蒙古包头)Her father (drop) her off at the school gate and then drove to work.?
4.(2018内蒙古包头)Because of the bad weather,there was a (sudden) change of our plan.?
5.(2018内蒙古包头)Mark was the only student that was (choose) to attend the meeting.?
6.(2018内蒙古包头)—Perhaps one day I may go on a (relax) holiday.?
—Yeah,dream on!
7.(2018内蒙古包头)This shirt is a little expensive.Can you show me a (cheap) one??
8.(2018内蒙古包头)Good luck is when a chance comes and you’re (prepare) for it.?
9.(2018内蒙古包头)—Can you tell me the way to the Central Hospital?
—Sorry.I myself am a (strange) to this city.?
10.(2018内蒙古包头)They’ve been friends for many years and they both (value) their friendship very much.?
【答案与解析】
1.agreement 句意:在达成协议之前,他们进行了激烈的讨论。不定冠词an后要用名词,agree的名词是agreement。reach an agreement意为“达成协议”。
2.awfully 句意:——我非常抱歉,我无意中把你的照相机弄坏了。——没关系。我相信你不是故意的,也没办法。sorry是形容词,意为“抱歉的”,应该用副词来修饰,故填awfully。
3.dropped 句意:她父亲把她送到学校门口,然后开车去上班。根据下文中的并列连词and 和 drove可知要用一般过去时,故填dropped。
4.sudden 句意:由于天气不好,我们的计划突然改变了。根据空格前的a和空格后的change可知这里应该填形容词。故填sudden,修饰change,做定语。
5.chosen 句意:Mark是唯一一个被选去参加会议的学生。Mark与choose之间是被动关系,空格前有was,故填chosen。
6.relaxing 句意:——也许有一天我可以享受一个令人放松的假期。——是啊,你就做梦吧! holiday“假期”是名词,修饰名词用形容词,做定语,故填relaxing,意为“令人兴奋的”。
7.cheaper 句意:——这件衬衫有点贵。你能给我一件便宜点的吗?根据前面提到的a little expensive“有点贵”可推知,想要一件便宜点的,要用形容词比较级。故填cheaper。
8.prepared 句意:好运是当机会来临的时候,你准备好了。习惯用法:be prepared for “为……做好准备”。故填prepared。
9.stranger 句意:——你能告诉我去中心医院的路吗?——抱歉,对于这座城市来说,我也是个陌生人。不定冠词a后加可数名词单数,strange的名词是stranger。
10.value 句意:他们是多年的朋友,他们都很珍惜他们的友谊。根据They’ve been friends for many years可知,他们成为朋友多年。主语they是复数,故填value。
二、选出与句子画线部分意思相同或相近的选项
（ ）1.He was down in the mouth because he missed his plane. ?
A.unhappy B.happy C.glad D.relaxed
（ ）2.Tell me your story,please.I’m all ears. ?
A.I have many ears. B.I like all kinds of ears. C.I’m listening to you carefully. D.I don’t want to listen to you.
（ ）3.Little Tom was in seventh heaven when he got a fashion bicycle for his birthday. ?
A.disappointed B.angry C.upset D.happy
（ ）4.Emily got the first place in the Spelling Bee.We all admire her spelling ability. ?
A.a competition to spell words B.a competition to give speeches
C.a competition to tell stories D.a competition to sing songs
（ ）5.There is plenty of rain in the south of China. ?
A.many B.much C.most D.a lot
（ ）6.She can come up with a good idea when we don’t know what to do. ?
A.think B.think over C.think up D.think about
（ ）7.Whenever you come,you are welcome. ?
A.No matter when B.Not anyone when C.Not matter when D.No one when
（ ）8.I haven’t received a letter from my best friend in the USA for weeks. ?
A.heard from B.heard about C.heard of D.heard in
（ ）9.This book is kind of difficult. ?
A.very B.really C.a little D.little
（ ）10.I’m sure you’ll work out the key to the problem. ?
A.question B.importance C.difficulty D.solution
（ ）11.She is living here all by herself. ?
A.along B.alone C.lonely D.lately
（ ）12.Exercise makes me fit. ?
A.fat B.happy C.healthy D.sad
（ ）13.—Dad,I’ve got an “A” in the first math examination.—That’s a good start.Keep it up. ?
A.begin B.beginning C.to begin D.began
（ ）14.—Please keep off the tiger cage.It’s dangerous to be close to them.?—Oh,I see.Thank you. ?
A.keep up with B.keep away from C.keep out D.keep down
（ ）15.We will plant more trees so that we can improve our environment. ?
A.because B.because of C.in order that D.in order to
【答案】
1.A 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.A9.C 10.D 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.B 15.C
【考点归纳】
一、可数名词单数变复数类：
1．规则变化:
（1）一般情况加-s, 如: girls, books, pens, bags, boys, days等。
（2）以s, x, ch, sh结尾加-es, 如: buses, boxes, watches, brushes等。
（3）以o结尾的名词，无生命的名词多加-s，有生命的名词多加-es。
（4）以辅音字母加y结尾的名词, 变y为i加-es, 如: city→ cities, story→stories
（5）以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v加-es。如:leaf→leaves, knife→knives,
shelf→shelves等。（roof→roofs）
2．不规则变化的名词要熟记：
man→men, woman→women, child→children,
foot→feet, tooth→teeth, mouse→mice,
people→people, sheep→sheep, Chinese→Chinese
deer→deer Japanese→Japanese
二、名词变形容词类：
1．在动词或名词后加后缀-ful, 如：
care→careful; use→useful; thank→thankful; help→helpful;
beauty→beautiful; wonder→wonderful forget→forgetful
2．在名词后加-y, 如：
luck→lucky, cloud→cloudy; wind→windy; rain→rainy; sun→sunny, snow→snowy
noise-noisy health→healthy
3．在名词后加-y, 如：friend→friendly love→lovely day→daily
4．方位名词加-ern，如：east→eastern west→western south→southern
north→northern northeast→northeastern
6．在名词后加-less, 变成否定含义的形容词。如：
use→useless hope→hopeless care→careless
三、形容词加后缀变成名词
1．形容词加-ness变成名词，如：
happy→happiness ill→illness weak→weakness
kind→kindness good→goodness careless→carelessness
2．形容词加-ty变成名词，如：
safe→safety difficult→difficulty
3．形容词加-th变成名词，如：
true→truth warm→warmth young→youth
4．形容词加-ence / ance变成名词，如：
important→importance dependent→dependence different→difference
四、形容词变副词类：
形容词修饰名词、代词等作定语或表语；副词修饰动词、形容词或副词作状语。
1．一般形容词词尾加-ly变成副词，如：
slow→slowly clear→clearly quick→quickly quiet→quietly careful→carefully sudden→suddenly real→really
2．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，要变y为i加-ly，如：
easy→easily happy→happily heavy→heavily
lucky→luckily busy→busily angry→angrily;
3．以元音字母加辅音字母＋e结尾的重读开音节，直接加-ly，如：
polite→politely safe→safely wide→widely
4．以元音字母＋e结尾，去e加-ly，如： true→truly
5．以辅音字母加-le结尾，去e加-y，如：terrible→terribly possible→possibly
6．形容词与副词同形，如：fast→fast early→early high→high hard→hard
7．形容词与副词异形，如：good→well
8．注意：hard作形容词时意思是“困难的；硬的；生硬的”等；作副词时意思是“努力地”。hardly是否定副词，意思是“几乎不”。
五、动词变名词类：
1．动词加-er变成名词，如：
work→worker farm→farmer teach→teachersing→singer speak→speaker play→player
read→reader drive→driver write→writer ride→rider dance→dancer run→runner;
win→winner cook→cooker wash→washer travel→traveler
2．动词加-or 变成名词，如：
visit→visitor invent→inventor operate→operator conduct→conductor
3．动词加-tion 变成名词，如：
operate→operation invent→invention liberate→liberation
六、基数词变序数词类：
主要掌握好1-12和20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90及21、22、23这几个序数词的形式：
one→first twenty→twentieth two→second thirty→thirtieth three→third forth→fortieth
four→fourth fifty→fiftieth six→sixth sixty→sixtieth seven→seventh eighty→eightieth
eight→eighth ninety→ninetieth nine→ninth twenty-one→twenty-first ten→tenth
twenty-two→twenty-second eleven→eleventh twenty-three→twenty-third twelve→twelfth
七、形容词与副词的原级、比较级和最高级类
1．形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成
（1）单音节词与部分双音节词规则变变化：
① 一般词尾加er, est； 如：fast faster fastest
② 以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加-er, -est；如：easy easier easiest
③ 以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写这个辅音字母再加-er,-est；如： hot hotter hottest
④ 以e结尾加-r，-st；如：fine→finer, nice→nicer
（2） 部分双音节词或以形容词加-ly变成的副词和多音节词，在其前加more, most 变成比较级和最高级。如：interesting→more interesting，most interesting beautiful→more beautiful，most beautiful
slowly→more slowly，most slowly quickly→more quickly，most quickly
（3）不规则变化：
good→better→best well→better→best many→more→most much→more→most
little→less→least far→farther/further→farthest/furthest.
ill→worse→worst bad/badly→worse→worst old→older/older→oldest/eldest
2．原级： as＋形容词或副词的原形＋as “和……一样……”，
not as / so＋形容词或副词的原形＋as “和……不一样……”。
八、人称代词变化类：要熟练掌握和运用主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词及名词性物主代词。见下面表格：
数
格
人称
单 数
复 数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
you
第三人称
he
she
it
him
her
It
they
they
类别
人 称
单 数
复 数
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
第一人称
my
mine
our
ours
第二人称
your
yours
your
yours
第三人称
his
his
their
theirs
her
hers
its
its
九、常见的反义词：
1．动词
buy — sell take — bring remember — forget
die — live love — hate rise — fall
ask — answer start — finish miss — catch
pull — push go — come lend — borrow
2．形容词
little — much short — tall / long right — left / wrong
free — busy full — empty few — many
good — bad white — black careful — careless
dead — living cheap — expensive clean — dirty
easy — difficult wet — dry same — different
open — closed strong —weak light — heavy
