2019年中考英语专题复习：信息归纳课件（16张PPT）

信息归纳指导
信息归纳要求在阅读文章后完成思维导图，要求学生更好地把握和理解语篇结构和主要内容。新增设“英译汉”的题目，旨在考查学生在具体语境中理解和灵活运用所学语言知识的能力。要求准确地翻译句子，不仅要理解句子的结构，还要结合上下句准确地理解其在特定语境下的含义，引导学生在阅读中不能只停留在表面，而是要对阅读文本进行深度理解。
例题【2018?江苏连云港?改编】
请阅读下面短文，在短文后表格中的空白处填上适当的単词(注意:
每空1个单词。
When?we?are?talking?to?someone,?we?tend?to?change?someone?else’s?
mind?to?our?way?of thinking. And?we?may?often?find?it?difficult?to?do?
that,?so?here?are?five?tips?on?how?to?change?someone’s?mind.
The?first?one?is?never?to?turn?the?conversation?into?an?argument.?It?
should?be?a?conversation where you?show?your?opinions?and?the?facts?
that?you’ve?collected.?By?showing?them?the?facts,?we?want?to?tell?other?
people?that?we?are?right.?But?emotionally,?they?may?not?totally?agree?
with?what you?say.?So?when?you?are?trying?to?change?someone’s?mind,?
try?to?keep?it?as?a?conversation?and?not?an argument.

The?second?tip?is?never?to?say?that?you?are?wrong.?If?someone?
makes?a?statement?that?you?think?is wrong,?it’s?better?to?point?it?out?by?
saying,?“I?thought?otherwise?but?I?might?be?wrong,?let’s look?at?the?
facts.”?The?key?is?to?say?that?you?might?be?wrong,?not?that?you?are?
wrong.?This?opens?up?the?other?person?to?look?at?the?data?again?and?
shows?them?that?you’re?not?bullheaded?(顽?固?的)?and?that?you’re?not?
going?to?change?your?opinion.?You’re?showing?them?that?you?are?open?
to?new?ideas?and?this?is?super?important?in?changing?someone?else’s?
mind?to?your?way?of?thinking.
Tip?number?three?is?to?get?the?other?person?saying?yes?as?fast?as
possible.?You?may?begin?your?conversation?on?hobbies?that?you?guys?
have,?something?that?they’re?crazy?about,?something?that?gets?them?
saying?yes.?Because?the?more?that?you?get?them?to?say?yes?now,?the?
more?likely?they?are?tosay?yes?in?the?future.?A?conversation?like?this?
will?get?them?to?start?to?like?you?and?maybe?even?more?open?up?to?ideas
?that?you?have.?It?builds?up?trust?between?the?two?of?you.












The?last?tip?is?to?let?the?other?person?feel?like?the?idea?was?theirs.?It’s
wiser?to?make?suggestions?and?let?someone?else?come?to?the?
conclusion,?then?they?have?a?sense?of?pride?that?it’s?their?idea.?Giving?
someone?the?data?and?letting?them?come?to?the?conclusion?let?them?feel?
like?it?is?their?idea?and?they?are?proud?of?it.
Introduction Though?it?is?not?(1)???easy???to?change?someone?else’s?
mind,?here?are?tips?you?can?follow.
Five(2)????tips????????of?
changing someone?else’s mind?? ●Keep?it?as?a?conversation?and?not?an?argument,?or?they?may?not?totally?be?in?(3)???agreement???with?you.
●Please translate “The?key?is?to?say?that?you?might?be?
wrong,?not?that?you?are?wrong.” into Chinese（4）__关键是。。。
●Try?to?get?them?saying?yes?as?fast?as?possible,?so?they?are?more?likely?to?say?yes?in?the?future.
●Create?a?friendly?relationship?and?build?trust?so?that?when?you?express?youropinions,?they?are?willing?to?listen.
●Let?someone?else?come?to?the?conclusion?and?they?will?be(5)??proud??of?it?because?they?feel?like?it?is?their?idea.
Title:?How?to?change?someone?else’s?mind

本篇为说明文，要求学生对文章句子加以理解，并根据上下文和句
子的理解对所填词进行转化并考察其词汇的一词多义用法。
【解析】
1.根据原文第一段中的“And?we?may?often?find?it?difficult?to?do?that, so?here?are?five?tips?on?how?to?change?someone’s?mind.”可知答案。
2.根据原文第一段中的“And?we?may?often?find?it?difficult?to?do?that,?
so?here?are?five?tips?on?how?to?change?someone’s?mind.”可知答案。
3. 根据原文第二段中的“?But?emotionally,?they?may?not?totally?agree?
with?what you?say.?”可知答案。
4.考查一词多义的理解。
5.根据原文第五段中的“Giving?someone?the?data?and?letting?them
come?to?the?conclusion?let?them?feel?like?it?is?their?idea?and?they?are?
proud?of?it.”可知答案。
【2018?广东?改编】
Most of us think the telephone was invented by Alexander Graham
Bell．However，he wasn' t the first person to think of the idea．In
fact，an Italian named Antonio Meucci was officially recognised
（认定）as the inventor a few years ago. Who is Meucci and why
wasn't he known for his invention at the time？
Antonio Meucci was born in Italy in 1808．He studied engineering
and drawing．During his studies，Meucci started to experiment with
electricity．He discovered that sound could travel through metal cables．
When two places were connected with wire，people in those places
could hear each other talk．







In 1850，Meucci and his wife Ester moved to New York．Meucci
was worried about his wife，because she had become very ill．He
needed to keep in touch with her at all times．To solve this problem，he
connected metal cables between his home and his workshop．This way，
they could talk to each other conveniently．
Meucci invited a group of people to see his new invention．
They listened in amazement as the voice of a singer was
heard through the wires．Unfortunately，only a few people
attended this talk．Even worse，Meucci never applied for a
patent （专利） on his invention. Meanwhile，Alexander
Graham Bell was working on the same idea and in 1876 the
patent for thetelephone was given to him．
In 2002，more than a century after Meucci'sdeath，his
work was finally recognised by the government．He will
now be known all over the world as the telephone's inventor．
Please translate “Most of us think the telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.” into Chinese. 1. 我们大多数认为Alexander Graham Bell发明了电话
In fact, an Italian 2. named_ Antonio Meucci was officially recognised（认定）as the inventor a few years ago.

Introduction
Meucci - the Inventor of the Telephone



Experiences
In 1850，Meucci was worried about his wife because of his wife’s3. illness.
It is 4. convenient for Meucci and his wife to talk to each other by connected metal cables between his home and his workshop．
After Meucci5. died more than a century in 2002, his work was finally recognised by the government．
本篇为记叙文，要求学生对所提人物进行思维构图，有一个整体的了解，并对词汇进行词性转化。
【解析】
1.主要考查对被动语态的理解。
2.根据原文第一段中的“In fact，an Italian named Antonio Meucci was officially recognised（认定）as the inventor a few years ago．”可知答案。
3. 根据原文第三段中的“Meucci was worried about his wife，because she had become very ill．”可知答案。
4.根据原文第五段中的“This way，they could talk to each other conveniently．”可知答案。
5.根据原文第五段中的“In 2002，more than a century after Meucci'sdeath，his work was finally recognised by the government．”可知答案。

真题演练【2017 ?山西】

请阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，在下面的表格中填入与文章意思
最符合的单词，并将答案写在相应的位置上。每空一词。
Do you ever feel like you are just rushing from one subject to another?
When things happen so fast, maybe you can't understand clearly what
you are doing or learning, so it is important to stop yourself to think
about what you have been doing or learning.
Self?reflection(反省) means slowing down and calming(使平静)
yourself, including calming your mind. By calming down and going
slowly, you give your brain a chance to think about what it has already
received. Some people prefer to do self?reflection only in their mind.
Others keep a diary. What's more, taking notes is also OK. Each method
works, depending on your own personal learning. You can follow the
steps to do self?reflection.

First, choose the proper time to do it. School textbooks are divided into
units of study. This makes it easier to begin self?reflection. Look for
time when you complete a unit of study. Sometimes you know the unit is
over because there is some kind of test. Use these natural
breaks to stop and do self?reflection.
Then, find a quiet place and take out your reflection diary.
Write down some notes on the new things that you learned in
the unit. Let your mind think about the notes you have written
and make some connections.
Finally, think about things that you are not sure of. Maybe
you learned a new way to work out a Maths problem, but
you're not sure when to use it. Writing down your questions
will help you remember to look for answers the next time you
are working with the same topic.
Successful students always know self?reflection is
important. If you have never taken the time to do
self?reflection, try it now.


Self?reflection Makes You a Better Learner
Introduction ●It means slowing down and making yourself calm.
●You can think about what you have learned by calming down and going 1._slowly_.
●You can do it only in your mind, and you can also keep a diary or 2.__take__ notes to do it.
How to do it
Conclusion
●It's a proper time to start it 3._when_ a unit is over.
●Write down and think about what you have learned in the unit and make some connections.
●Write down your questions about something you're not sure of. It's 4._helpful_ to work with the same topic the next time.
Successful students always know the 5.importanceof self?reflection. Try it now！
【解析】
1.根据原文第二段中的“By calming down and going slowly, you
give your brain a chance to think about what it has already received.”
可知答案。
2.根据原文第二段中的“ What's more, taking notes is also OK.”可知
答案。
3. 根据原文第三段中的“Look for time when you complete a unit of
study.”可知答案。
4.根据原文第五段中的“Wrting down your questions will help you
remember to look for answers the next time you are working with the
same topic.”可知答案。
5.根据原文第六段中的“Successful students always know
self-reflection is important”可知答案。
第三步细读表格,回品原文,确定答案。
在阅读表格内容时要注意其横向、纵向的类别规律和表达方式。
表格的设计和文章的线索大多一致。
【2018?百校联考二】
请阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，在下面的图表中填入与文章意
思最符合的单词，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。每空一词。
Talking to yourself may seem a little embarrassing because it is
regarded as the first signof madness. In fact, talking to ourselves is a
valuable tool for thought. Self-talk, whether aloud or silently in our
heads, allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities
and even create something great.
If you watch a small child playing with her toys, you will hear her
talking to herself: offering herself directions and expressing her sadness
or happiness. This is private speech. It’s language that is spoken aloud
but only to the self. We do a lot of it when we are young.
However, as we grow older, it just becomes part of the way we think.
We always do it in silence in our mind. That is why we seldom see
adults talking to themselves. Studies have shown that this so-called
inner speech can make us be better at dealing with many tasks. The
words can give us a valuable way to think about our actions.
Self-talk can be encouraging. One recent study suggested that
self-talk is the most helpful when we use“you” instead of“ I”. For
example, before a sports game, some athletes may encourage
themselves using self-talk like“You can do it”.
Self-talk might be one of the keys to human creativity. Talking to
ourselves sometimes means asking questions and providing answers.
It seems to be a good way of solving problems. When we do this, we
can think about the problem with different ideas, and our thoughts can
end up in expected places.
Both the silent and aloud self-talk are good for our thinking. Those
words to the self are so much more than meaningless chat.
valuable, feelings, silently, when, solve
【解析】
1.根据原文第一段中的“In fact, talking to ourselves is a valuable tool
for thought. ”可知答案。
2.根据原文第二段中的“If you watch a small child playing with her
toys, you will hear her talking to herself: offering herself directions and
expressing her sadness or happiness. ”可知答案。
3. 根据原文第三段中的“We always do it in silence in our mind. ”可
知答案。
4.根据原文第四段中的“One recent study suggested that self-talk is the
most helpful when we use“you” instead of“ I”. ”可知答案。
5.根据原文第六段中的“”可知答案。