中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2016-2018年全国中考真题
——动词和动词短语
考点1 动词词义辨析
1. ( 2018江西, 28 ) The food is very delicious in that restaurant. We could go and
______ it.
A. sell B. help C. produce D. try
【解析】D。句意：那家饭店的食物很美味。我们可以去尝试一下。
本题考查动词词义辨析。因为美味，所以想要品尝，故选D。sell卖; help帮助; produce生产。try在此处的意思相当于taste (品尝)。
2. (2018江苏苏州, 7) ---What do you think of Jason?
--- He has_____ me with his good sense of humour.
A. impressed B. admired C. reminded D. warned
【解析】A。句意：---你认为Jason怎么样?
---他良好的幽默感让我印象深刻。
本题考查动词词义辨析。impress留下印象; admire尊敬; remind提醒;
warn警告。根据题意和设空处后的介词with可知，用短语impress sb. with
sth…. 给某人留下印象，为固定搭配。故选A项。
3. (2018天津, 23)1 am afraid we cannot ______ to take a taxi. Let's go by
underground instead.
A. refuse B. afford C. forget D. fall
【解析】B。句意：恐怕我们支付不起坐出租车。让我们坐地铁代替吧。
本题考查动词辨析。refuse 拒绝；afford支付得起；forget忘记；fall
开始变成。根据上下句语境理解可以选出B。
【试题评析】题干提供了丰富的语境，无歧义，便于考生从语境中提取信息来辨别选项。
4. (2018浙江温州, 3)The cheese cake ______ so good that I can't wait to eat it.
A. tastes B. feels C. sounds D. smells
【解析】D。句意: 奶酪蛋糕闻起来如此香,以至于我都等不及要吃了。
本题考查动词辨析。taste尝起来；feel摸起来；sound听起来；smell
闻起来。
【易错警示】题干中出现cheese cake，很容易让人误选“taste"，根据I can't wait to eat it可知，说话人还没有吃，因此是闻起来。选择D项。
5. (2018新疆, 30)-- Wow; your sweater is very beautiful! How much is it?
--Thank you. It ______ me 30 dollars.
A. spend B. paid C. cost D. take
【解析】C。句意：——哇,你的毛衣非常漂亮!多少钱?
——谢谢。它花了我30美元。
本题考查动词辨析。“sth. costs (sb.) + 金钱” 意为 “某物花了(某人)多少钱”。
【知识拓展】spend, pay, cost, take 表“花费”时的区别:
sb. + spends time / money on sth. ;
sth. costs (sb.) + money;
sb. pays + money + for sth. ;
It takes sb. some time to do sth.。
6. (2018内蒙古包头, 30)I know what you are thinking about. I can ______ your
mind from the look on your face.
A. stay B. spare C. read D. attend
【解析】C。句意：我知道你正在考虑什么。我能从你脸上的表情猜测出你的心思。
本题考查动词词义辨析。read 猜测，符合句意，故选C项。stay停留；
spare抽出；attend参加。
【知识拓展】read的词义很多，除了“阅读、朗读”等意思外，还有“猜测、理解”等意思。如：How do you read the present situation? 你对目前的形势有何看法?
7. (2018河南, 26) ----Hey, Jeremy. Tony and I want to ______ the new Italian
restaurant tonight. Come with us! ----Why not?
A. try B. taste C. choose D. search
【解析】A。句意:——嗨，Jeremy。今晚Tony和我想尝试一下新开业的意大利饭馆。和我们一起来吧!
——为什么不呢?
本题考查动词词义辨析。A. 尝试；B.尝、品(味道)；C.选择；D.搜寻。根据关键词the new Italian restaurant可知，应该是 “尝试”。尝试餐厅，应该用try，而taste应该是品尝新的菜，所以选A项。
【易错警示】本题对于审题不仔细的学生来说，有可能误选B项或C项。选择B项的同学只停留在对taste的基本意义上的理解，并没有深入理解到品尝的是“新的菜”，而不是饭店。选择C项的同学，忽视了题目中new的暗示是“尝试这家新店”。
8.( 2018福建, 22) ----Do you enjoy Chinese Folk Songs?
---- Yes, the folk songs ______ nice.
A. sound B. smell C. look
【解析】A。句意：——你喜欢《 中国民歌大会》吗?
——喜欢 ,那些民歌很好听。
本题考查动词词义辨析。sound听起来，smell闻起来，look看起来。
A项符合题意。故选A。
9.(2018山东青岛, 9) ----I can't find my mobile phone.
---- Don't worry. Maybe you ______ it at home.
A. forgot B. missed C. lost D. left
【解析】D。句意：——我找不到我的手机了。
——不要担心。 或许你把它落在家里了。
本题考查动词词义辨析。forget忘记；miss想念；lose丢失；leave忘
了带。根据题意可知选D。
10. (2018湖北武汉, 37 ) --- He said he wanted to own a big farm.
--- Who ______ what he says? He is such a big mouth.
A. knows B. wonders C. cares D. remembers
【解析】C。句意：——他说他想拥有一个大农场。
——谁在乎他说的话？他就是这样一个夸夸其谈的人。
本题考查动词词义辨析。A选项意为“知道”；B选项意为“想知道”；C选项意为“关心、在乎”；D选项意为“记住”。根据句意可知本题选择C。
11.(2017天津, 23) When you break the rules , you should ______ to your teacher. ,
A. apologise B. introduce C. expect D. compare
【解析】A。句意：当你违反规则时，你应该向你的老师道歉。
本题考查动词词义辨析。A项意为“道歉”；B项意为“介绍”；C项意为“期待”；D项意为“比较”。根据句意应选A项。
12.( 2017河南, 32 ) The plane ______ on the ground for two more hours because of the bad weather.
A. ran B. moved C. shook D. remained
【解析】D。句意:因为糟糕的天气，飞机又在地面上停留了两个小时。
本题考查动词词义辨析。run跑；move移动；shake摇动；remain停留。根据句意可知选D项。
13.(2017安徽, 37) It is necessary for schools to ______ the need of all the students' development.
A. cut B. hide C. refuse D. satisfy
【解析】D。句意：对于学校来说，满足所有学生的发展需求是必要的。
本题考查动词的词义辨析。cut切,割；hide躲藏；refuse拒绝；satisfy满足。satisfy the need of... 满...的需求。故选D项。
14.(2017江西, 33) --- Would you like to see a movie with me on Saturday night?
--- Sorry, I didn't ______ it. Could you please say it again?
A. receive B. catch C. find D. finish
【解析】B。句意：——星期六晚上你愿意和我一起看场电影吗?
——对不起，我没听清。可以请你再说一遍吗?
本题考查动词词义辨析。receive收到；catch听清楚；find找到；finish完成。
15.(2017黑龙江哈尔滨, 9) If we travel abroad, we prefer to stay in five-star hotels. That's because they ______ guests with the best service to make them feel at home.
A. preview B. provide C. prevent
【解析】B。句意：如果我们出国旅行，我们更喜欢住在五星级酒店里。那是因为它们提供给客人最好的服务来使他们感觉舒适自在。
本题考查动词词义辨析。preview 意为“概述”; provide 意为“提供”；prevent意为“阻止”。由句意可知本题选择B。
【解题技巧】本题给出的三个动词极为相似，平时在复习动词时，应弄清楚这些相似动词的确切词义，准确记忆。
16.(2016河南, 24) My parents said they would come to visit me. I couldn't _______ to see them after several months away from home.
A. wait B. help C. expect D. afford
【解析】A。句意：我的父母说他们将要来看我。离开家好几个月后，我迫不及待要见到他们。
本题考查动词辨析。can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待地要做某事，是固定短语。
【深度解析】近年来动词词义辨析已成为中考试题的必考考点之一。命题者通常在真实的语境中考查考生对动词的辨析能力。本题考查的是can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事。考生做题时一定要注意语境的提示,选择符合语境的动词。
17.(2016河北, 34 ) The air ______ fresh after the rain. And the sky is blue.
A. feels B. tastes C. smells D. sounds
【解析】C。 句意:雨后空气闻起来是新鲜的。并且天空是蓝色的。
本题考查动词辨析。 feel摸起来；taste尝起来；smell闻起来；sound听起来。根据句意可知选C。
18.(2016山西,18)In our life, we need to ______ those people who help us, such as our parents, teachers and friends.
A. thank B. remind C. teach
【解析】A。句意：在我们的生活中,我们需要感谢那些帮助我们的人，比如我们的父母、老师和朋友。
本题考查动词辨析。thank感谢；remind提醒,使想起；teach教导。根据句意可知答案为A项。
19.(2016安徽，40 ) For our own safety, it's important to ______ the traffic rules on the way to school.
A. follow B. change C. make D. break
【解析】A。句意:为了我们自己的安全,在上学路上遵守交通规则是重要的。
本题考查动词辨析。follow遵守；change改变；make制造；break打破。根据句意可知答案为A项。
考点2 动词短语辨析
1.(2018安徽, 37）Some animals can _______ the color around to protect
themselves.
A. take on B. give up C. put away D. see off
【解析】A。句意：一些动物可以呈现出和周围环境一样的颜色来保护自己。
本题考查动词短语。根据题意可知，动物保护自己的手段之一是用保护色，即用身边环境的颜色来伪装。take on呈现出；give up放弃；put away把...收好；see…off为...送行。
【知识拓展】take on a new look呈现新面貌。
2.(2018吉林, 31) It's a good idea to ______ new words in the dictionary.
A. cut up B. look up C. put up
【解析】B。句意：在词典里查新单词是个好主意。
本题考查动词短语。cut up切碎；look up查找；put up举起，张贴。根据句意可知选B。
3.(2018江苏苏州, 11) ---Little Jenny looks unhappy today.
--- Don't worry. A box of chocolates will ______ her ______.
A. give … up B. wake … up C. cheer … up D. pick … up
【解析】C。句意：——小Jenny今天看上去不开心。
——别着急。一盒巧克力糖就会让她开心起来。
本题考查动词短语辨析。give...up 放弃；wake... up叫醒.....；cheer..up (?https:?/??/?wx.qq.com?/?cgi-bin?/?mmwebwx-bin?/?webwxcheckurl?requrl=http%3A%2F%2Fcer..up&skey=%40crypt_22b7e787_259c007f984b7bf58b747446455bd258&deviceid=e653434633885980&pass_ticket=undefined&opcode=2&scene=1&username=@b7410e21a7bc836c1e1ff55ec607de73" \t "_blank?)使....高兴；pick... up捡起...。根据句意可知选C项。
【解题关键】本题四个备选项都是和up搭配构成不同意思的短语，解题的关键是上文中的unhappy，所以此处表示用一盒巧克力糖可以使她开心。
4.(2018新疆, 31) ---Jim, it's dark now. Please ______ the light in the room.
--- OK, Mum.
A. turn on B. turn up C. turn off D. turn down
【解析】A。 句意：——Jim，现在天黑了。请打开房间里的灯。
——好的,妈妈。
本题考查动词短语辨析。turn on打开；turn up调大；turn off关闭；turn down调小。根据句意可知本题选A。
5.(2018天津, 26) Mum asked me to ______ for dinner.
A. lay the table B. go to sleep C. keep a diary D. take a vacation
【解析】A。句意：妈妈让我摆放餐具准备吃晚餐。
此题考查动词短语。lay the table摆放餐具；go to sleep去睡觉；keep a diary记日记；take a vacation去度假。根据题干中的for dinner可以判断出选A。也可以利用排除法进行选择。
【知识拓展】lay the table与set the table意思相同，“摆放餐具”。题干中的ask sb. to do sth. 是“要求某人做某事”。
6.(2018浙江温州, 9) --- Alice's room is tidy, isn't it?
--- Yes. She always ______ her toys after playing with them.
A. looks for B. puts away C. sweeps away D. pays for
【解析】B。句意：——Alice的房间很整洁,是吗?
——是的。她总是在玩过玩具后就把它们收起来。
本题考查动词短语辨析。look for寻找；put away把...收拾好；sweep away消灭；pay for支付。
【解题关键】通过题干中的 tidy可知，Alice有收拾东西的好习惯，因此选择B项。
7.(2018吉林长春, 19) When you meet a new word, you can _______ in a dictionary.
A. cut it up B. clean it up C. look it up D. put it up
【解析】C。句意：当你遇到生词，你可以在词典里查阅它。
本题考查动词短语辨析。cut up把....切碎；clean up把...擦干净； look up查阅；put up举起，张贴。根据句意可知,应选C。
8.( 2018河北, 32) Can you help me _______ the pen? It's under your chair.
A. ask for B. look for C. pick up D. put up
【解析】C。句意：你能帮我捡起那支钢笔吗? 它在你的椅子下面。
本题考查动词短语辨析。A选项意为 “请求;要求”；B选项意为“寻找”；C选项意为“拾起、捡起"；D选项意为“张贴”。由句意可知本题选择C。
【易错警示】审题时如果把题干错误地理解成两个人的对话，即“——你能帮我找找我的钢笔吗? ——它在你的椅子下面。”则本题极易错选B。所以一定要注意审清题干的内容，不要犯主观臆断的错误。
9. ( 2018内蒙古包头,33 ) Terry, ______ from your cell phone when your father is talking to you.
A. look up B. look around C. look down D. look out
【解析】A。句意：特里，你爸爸和你谈话时，你把头抬起来不要看手机。
本题考查动词短语。look up抬头,向上看，符合句意，故选A项。look around环顾四周；look down向下看.轻视；look out当心。
10. (2018福建, 33) Grandma wants to watch the program Legal Report. Please ______ the TV.
A. turn off B. turn on C. turn down
【解析】B。句意：奶奶想要看节目《今日说法》。请打开电视机。
本题考查动词短语的词义辨析。turn off“关掉”; turn on“打开”; turn down“调低”。根据句意可知是“打开”电视机，故选B。
11.(2018河南, 32) --- Jack is telling everyone he has bought a new car.
--- Pay no attention to him. He is just _______.
A. taking off B. showing off C. driving off D. setting off
【解析】B。句意：——Jack 正在告诉所有人他买了一辆新车。
——不用在意他,他只是在炫耀而已。
本题考查动词词组辨析。A.起飞；B.炫耀；C.赶走,驾车离去；D.出发。根据句意和语境，可知应该选择B项。
【知识拓展】考生应在复习阶段积累含有off的短语。如：be off离开；take of起飞,脱下；put off推迟；tum off关掉；get off下车；have/take/ask fora day off请假/离开一天；fall off ....掉下；give off发出光、热、气味等；keep off使不碰到,使避开。
12. ( 2018山西, 29 ) Nowadays China has made great achievements in many fields. We really _______ our amazing China.
A. take pride in B. take care of C. take an interest in
【解析】A。句意：现在中国在很多领域都取得了巨大的成就。我们真的为我们这个神奇的国家感到自豪。
本题考查动词短语。A选项意为“为..感到自豪”；B选项意为“照顾;照料”；C选项意为“对...感兴趣”。由achievements和句意可知本题选择A。
【知识拓展】动词take的常见短语:
take up开始从事,占据；take away带走；take down拿下,取下,记录；take off脱下起飞；take the chance冒风险,碰运气。
13.(2017天津, 29) John ______ the TV and helped his mother with the housework.
A. turned off B. heard from C. joined in D. looked after
【解析】A。句意：约翰关掉电视，帮妈妈做家务。
本题考查动词短语辨析。A项意为“关掉" ；B项意为“收到...来信”；C项意为“参加”；D项意为“照看”。根据句意应选A项。
14.(2017天津, 30) My father wants me to ______ doing my homework as soon as I get home.
A. stand for B. win the heart of
C. stay in touch with D. get into the habit of
【解析】D。句意我爸爸想让我养成--回家就做作业的习惯。
本题考查动词短语辨析。A项意为“代表”；B项意为“贏得....的心”；C项意为“......保持联系”；D项意为“养.....的习惯”。根据句意应选D项。
15.(2017重庆, 33) No one can be right all the time. When people make mistakes, we shouldn't _______ them.
A. wait for B. send for C. knock at D. laugh at
【解析】D。句意：没有人一直都对。当人们犯错误时，我们不应该嘲笑他们。
本题考查动词短语。vwait for 等候；send for派人去请；knock at敲击；laugh at嘲笑。根据句意可知选D项。
16.(2017河南, 30) Don't know where your kids are in the house? Turn off the Internet and they'll _______ quickly.
A. get up B. stand up C. show up D. hurry up
【解析】C。句意：不知道你的孩子们在房子里的哪个地方？关闭网络，他们很快就会出现了。
本题考查动词词组辨析。get up起床；stand up站立；show up出现；hurry up赶快。根据语境可知选C项。
【易混易错】本题给出的四个短语均含有“up”，与不同动词搭配意思也不同，平时需进行分类记忆。
17.(2016天津, 30★) Peter will ______ you _______ the building and you can meet everyone.
A. lend; to B. show; around C. compare; with D. brush; off
【解析】B。句意：Peter将带你参观大楼，你可以和大家见面。
本题考查动词短语辨析。A:把......借给；B:带...参观；C: .......进行比较；D:刷掉，刷去。根据句意可知选择B项。
18.(2016重庆, 35) A true friend will never ______ from you when you're in trouble.
A. take away B. run away C. put off D. get off
【解析】B。句意：真正的朋友不会在你陷人困境时弃你而逃。
本题考查动词短语辨析。take away带走；run away逃离；put off 推迟；get off 离开。根据句意可知选B。
19.(2016河南, 34,★) Almost every university now has a website which allows us to ______ the information about it.
A. look at B. look after C. look around D. look through
【解析】D。句意：现在几乎每一所大学都有一个网站，允许我们浏览关于这个大学的信息。
本题考查动词问组的辨析。look at看；look after照顾；1ook around环顾四周；look through 浏览。根据句意可知D项正确。
20.(2016河北,39) We need to do some research to _______ the answer.
A. find out B. look out C. hand out D. take out
【解析】A。句意：我们需要做一些研究来找到答案。
本题考查动词词组辨析。find out找到，发现；look out当心，留神；hand out分发，给予；take out取出。根据句意可知，答案为A项。
【易错提醒】本题在具体语境中考查动词短语的辨析。四个短语均含有“out”,容易混淆，考生需要清楚地知道每个短语的含义。题目指出“我们需要做一些研究来找到答案”，故选find out。动词短语是英语中一项复杂的内容，既有大量的记忆内容，又需要灵活运用，值得考生花时间和精力去提高。
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2016-2018年全国中考真题
——动词和动词短语
考点1 动词词义辨析
1. ( 2018江西, 28 ) The food is very delicious in that restaurant. We could go and
______ it.
A. sell B. help C. produce D. try
2. (2018江苏苏州, 7) ---What do you think of Jason?
--- He has_____ me with his good sense of humour.
A. impressed B. admired C. reminded D. warned
3. (2018天津, 23)1 am afraid we cannot ______ to take a taxi. Let's go by
underground instead.
A. refuse B. afford C. forget D. fall
4. (2018浙江温州, 3)The cheese cake ______ so good that I can't wait to eat it.
A. tastes B. feels C. sounds D. smells
5. (2018新疆, 30)-- Wow; your sweater is very beautiful! How much is it?
--Thank you. It ______ me 30 dollars.
A. spend B. paid C. cost D. take
6. (2018内蒙古包头, 30)I know what you are thinking about. I can ______ your
mind from the look on your face.
A. stay B. spare C. read D. attend
7. (2018河南, 26) ----Hey, Jeremy. Tony and I want to ______ the new Italian
restaurant tonight. Come with us! ----Why not?
A. try B. taste C. choose D. search
8.( 2018福建, 22) ----Do you enjoy Chinese Folk Songs?
---- Yes, the folk songs ______ nice.
A. sound B. smell C. look
9.(2018山东青岛, 9) ----I can't find my mobile phone.
---- Don't worry. Maybe you ______ it at home.
A. forgot B. missed C. lost D. left
10. (2018湖北武汉, 37 ) --- He said he wanted to own a big farm.
--- Who ______ what he says? He is such a big mouth.
A. knows B. wonders C. cares D. remembers
11.(2017天津, 23) When you break the rules , you should ______ to your teacher. ,
A. apologise B. introduce C. expect D. compare
12.( 2017河南, 32 ) The plane ______ on the ground for two more hours because of the bad weather.
A. ran B. moved C. shook D. remained
13.(2017安徽, 37) It is necessary for schools to ______ the need of all the students' development.
A. cut B. hide C. refuse D. satisfy
14.(2017江西, 33) --- Would you like to see a movie with me on Saturday night?
--- Sorry, I didn't ______ it. Could you please say it again?
A. receive B. catch C. find D. finish
15.(2017黑龙江哈尔滨, 9) If we travel abroad, we prefer to stay in five-star hotels. That's because they ______ guests with the best service to make them feel at home.
A. preview B. provide C. prevent
16.(2016河南, 24) My parents said they would come to visit me. I couldn't _______ to see them after several months away from home.
A. wait B. help C. expect D. afford
17.(2016河北, 34 ) The air ______ fresh after the rain. And the sky is blue.
A. feels B. tastes C. smells D. sounds
18.(2016山西,18)In our life, we need to ______ those people who help us, such as our parents, teachers and friends.
A. thank B. remind C. teach
19.(2016安徽，40 ) For our own safety, it's important to ______ the traffic rules on the way to school.
A. follow B. change C. make D. break
考点2 动词短语辨析
1.(2018安徽, 37）Some animals can _______ the color around to protect
themselves.
A. take on B. give up C. put away D. see off
2.(2018吉林, 31) It's a good idea to ______ new words in the dictionary.
A. cut up B. look u C. put up
3.(2018江苏苏州, 11) ---Little Jenny looks unhappy today.
--- Don't worry. A box of chocolates will ______ her ______.
A. give … up B. wake … up C. cheer … up D. pick … up
4.(2018新疆, 31) ---Jim, it's dark now. Please ______ the light in the room.
--- OK, Mum.
A. turn on B. turn up C. turn off D. turn down
5.(2018天津, 26) Mum asked me to ______ for dinner.
A. lay the table B. go to sleep C. keep a diary D. take a vacation
6.(2018浙江温州, 9) --- Alice's room is tidy, isn't it?
--- Yes. She always ______ her toys after playing with them.
A. looks for B. puts away C. sweeps away D. pays for
7.(2018吉林长春, 19) When you meet a new word, you can _______ in a dictionary.
A. cut it up B. clean it up C. look it up D. put it up
8.( 2018河北, 32) Can you help me _______ the pen? It's under your chair.
A. ask for B. look for C. pick up D. put up，
9. ( 2018内蒙古包头,33 ) Terry, ______ from your cell phone when your father is talking to you.
A. look up B. look around C. look down D. look out
10. (2018福建, 33) Grandma wants to watch the program Legal Report. Please ______ the TV.
A. turn off B. turn on C. turn down
11.(2018河南, 32) --- Jack is telling everyone he has bought a new car.
--- Pay no attention to him. He is just _______.
A. taking off B. showing off C. driving off D. setting off
12. ( 2018山西, 29 ) Nowadays China has made great achievements in many fields. We really _______ our amazing China.
A. take pride in B. take care of C. take an interest in
13.(2017天津, 29) John ______ the TV and helped his mother with the housework.
A. turned off B. heard from C. joined in D. looked after
14.(2017天津, 30) My father wants me to ______ doing my homework as soon as I get home.
A. stand for B. win the heart of
C. stay in touch with D. get into the habit of
15.(2017重庆, 33) No one can be right all the time. When people make mistakes, we shouldn't _______ them.
A. wait for B. send for C. knock at D. laugh at
16.(2017河南, 30) Don't know where your kids are in the house? Turn off the Internet and they'll _______ quickly.
A. get up B. stand up C. show up D. hurry up
17.(2016天津, 30★) Peter will ______ you _______ the building and you can meet everyone.
A. lend; to B. show; around C. compare; with D. brush; off
18.(2016重庆, 35) A true friend will never ______ from you when you're in trouble.
A. take away B. run away C. put off D. get off
19.(2016河南, 34,★) Almost every university now has a website which allows us to ______ the information about it.
A. look at B. look after C. look around D. look through
20.(2016河北,39) We need to do some research to _______ the answer.
A. find out B. look out C. hand out D. take out
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中考英语语法专题
动词和动词短语
目 录
中考解读
试题分析
中考试题 核心考点 考查能力 考察频率
2018吉林，31 动词短语辨析 掌握中考常考短语，并能结合语境辨析 ★★★☆☆
2017河南，32 动词词义辨析 掌握常考动词词义，并在具体语境中运用 ★★★☆☆
2016山西，18 动词词义辨析 掌握常考动词词义，并能在具体语境中运用 ★★★☆☆
2015杭州，25 动词短语辨析 掌握中考常考短语，并能结合语境辨析 ★★★☆☆
2014天津，30 动词词义辨析 掌握常考动词词义，并能在具体语境中运用 ★★★☆☆
分析解读
从近五年的中考试题来看，对动词和动词短语的考查形式主要是单项选择。从考察内容上看，主要有两方面，一是动词词义辨析，一是动词短语辨析。动词词义丰富，情景性极强，考题一般都是给出四个不同的动词（短语）来测试考生在具体语境中对动词（短语）意义的理解和运用能力。
知识清单
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三个“到达” get get to + 地点名词
reach 及物动词，后面可直接跟地点名词
arrive in + 大地点（名词） at + 小地点（名词）
三个“借” borrow 非延续性动词，表示主语“借入”，常用搭配 borrow sth. form sb.
lend 非延续性动词，表示主语“借出”，常用搭配 lend sth. to sb.
keep 延续性动词
三个“穿” dress dress sb.给某人穿衣服；dress sb. up 装扮某人
put on 穿上、戴上，表示动作
wear 穿上、戴上，表示状态
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四个“看” see 看见，表示结果
look 看，表示动作，是不及物动词，后面需加介词才能跟宾语
watch 观看比赛、电视
read 看书、报，表示阅读
四个“拿” bring 带来，拿来，表示拿到靠近说话人的地方
take 拿去，带走，表示拿到远离说话人的地方
carry 提，拿，搬，多指用力移动，没有方向
fetch 去取，去拿，表示往返拿东西
两个“找” look for 强调寻找的过程
find 强调找的结果
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四个“说” speak 作及物动词时后常接表示语言的名词
say 常跟直接引语或间接引语，并且表示说的内容
talk 不及物动词，常跟介词to或with, 意为“同…谈话”，也表示具有说话的能力
tell 意为“告诉”，与story连用，意为“讲故事”
四个“花费” spend 人作主语，表示花费时间或金钱，后接on sth. 或 (in) doing sth.
cost 物作主语，表示某物花费多少钱
take 可用于固定句型表示花费一段时间做某事，其结构为: it takes/ took +一段时间+ to do sth.
pay 多与介词 for 连用
两个“听” listen to listen为不及物动词， 与 to 组成固定搭配，强调听的动作
hear 强调听的结果
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四个有关
“赢、输” lose 意为“输”，常用搭配为 lose to sb.
fail 意为“失败”或“未做成某事”
beat 意为“打败”，后接 sb. 或某支队伍
win 意为“赢得”，如：赢得荣誉、地位、比赛等
四个“变化” turn 一般用于颜色的变化
get 天变黑、变长、或变短
become 天气变暖或变冷等，表示渐变
grow 形状变大或变小
三个“参加” join 一般指加入“党派”或“组织”，如参军、入党等
take part in 指参加聚会或活动
attend 一般指出席会议
解题技巧
对动词词义辨析的考查在中考试题中比较多，解题技巧在于：1.根据具体的语境辨析；2. 弄清楚动词的具体含义，最终选出最符合逻辑的选项。
真题演练
1.( 2018江西, 28 ) The food is very delicious in that restaurant. We could go and______ it. A. sell B. help C. produce D. try
【解析】D。句意：那家饭店的食物很美味。我们可以去尝试一下。
本题考查动词词义辨析。因为美味，所以想要品尝，故选D。sell卖; help帮助; produce生产。try 在
此处的意思相当于taste (品尝)
真题演练
2.(2018江苏苏州, 7) ---What do you think of Jason?
--- He has_____ me with his good sense of humour.
A. impressed B. admired C. reminded D. warned
【解析】A。句意：---你认为Jason怎么样?
---他良好的幽默感让我印象深刻。
本题考查动词词义辨析。impress留下印象; admire尊敬; remind提醒; warn警告。根据题意和设空
处后的介词with可知，用短语impress sb. with sth…. 给某人留下印象，为固定搭配。故选A项。
真题演练
3.(2018天津, 23)1 am afraid we cannot ______ to take a taxi. Let's go by underground instead.
A. refuse B. afford C. forget D. fall
【解析】B。句意：恐怕我们支付不起坐出租车。让我们坐地铁代替吧。
本题考查动词辨析。refuse 拒绝；afford支付得起；forget忘记；fall 开始变成。根据上下句语境理
解可以选出B。
【试题评析】题干提供了丰富的语境，无歧义，便于考生从语境中提取信息来辨别选项。
真题演练
4. (2018浙江温州, 3)The cheese cake ______ so good that I can't wait to eat it.
A. tastes B. feels C. sounds D. smells
【解析】D。句意: 奶酪蛋糕闻起来如此香,以至于我都等不及要吃了。
本题考查动词辨析。taste尝起来；feel摸起来；sound听起来；smell 闻起来。
【易错警示】题干中出现cheese cake，很容易让人误选“taste”，根据 I can't wait to eat it 可知，说话人
还没有吃，因此是闻起来。选择D项。
真题演练
5. (2018新疆, 30) --- Wow; your sweater is very beautiful! How much is it?
---Thank you. It ______ me 30 dollars.
A. spend B. paid C. cost D. take
【解析】C。句意：——哇,你的毛衣非常漂亮!多少钱? ——谢谢。它花了我30美元。
本题考查动词辨析。“sth. costs (sb.) + 金钱” 意为 “某物花了(某人)多少钱”。
【知识拓展】spend, pay, cost, take 表“花费”时的区别:
sb. + spends time / money on sth.
sth. costs (sb.) + money;
sb. pays + money + for sth. ;
It takes sb. some time to do sth.。
专题精讲
专题精讲
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take 短语 take up 占据 keep 短语 keep out 留在外面
take away 带走，拿走 keep off 使…不接近；回避某话题
take off 起飞，脱掉 keep up with 并驾齐驱，跟上
take down 写下，记下 keep away from 远离
take out 获得 keep in touch 保持联系
take place 发生 keep healthy 保持健康
take care of 照顾
take part in 参加
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get 短语 get to 到达 put 短语 put up 搭建，张贴
get up 起床；起来 put on 穿上；上演
get over 克服 put off 推迟
get on 进展 put out 熄灭
get off 离开 put away 把… 收起来
get together 相聚 put down 写下；记下
get ready for 为…做准备 put up with 容忍
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turn 短语 turn on 打开 look 短语 look at 看
turn off 关闭 look for 寻找
turn up 开大；调高 look after 照顾
turn down 调低；关小 look up 查阅
turn in 上交 look through 浏览
turn out 结果是 look around 环顾
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give 短语 give up 放弃 go 短语 go on 继续
give in 屈服，让步 go back 回到
give away 捐赠 go away 走开；离开
give out 散发；分发 go by （时间）流逝
give off 发出（光、热等） go over 仔细检查
go off 爆炸
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make 短语 make a decision 做出决定 come 短语 come on 加油；快点
make a mistake 犯错 come out 出现；出版
make a living 谋生 come over 短暂造访
make up 组成；构成 come along 出现
三个
(be) used to be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事，此时 to 是介词，后用 v.-doing 形式
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
解题技巧
动词短语辨析的方法：初中阶段动词短语多而且易混，对于考生来说是个难点。考查形式主要有两类：第一类动词不同，结尾所跟的副词相同；第二类动词相同，结尾所跟的介词（副词）不同。解题技巧在于：1.平时注意积累常考短语；2.对相似短语进行归类并对比记忆，这样在具体的语境中才能灵活地使用。
真题演练
1.(2018安徽, 37）Some animals can _______ the color around to protect themselves.
A. take on B. give up C. put away D. see off
【解析】A。句意：一些动物可以呈现出和周围环境一样的颜色来保护自己。
本题考查动词短语。根据题意可知，动物保护自己的手段之一是用保护色，即用身边环境的颜色
来伪装。take on呈现出；give up放弃；put away把...收好；see…off为...送行。
【知识拓展】take on a new look呈现新面貌。
真题演练
2.(2018吉林, 31) It's a good idea to ______ new words in the dictionary.
A. cut up B. look up C. put up
【解析】B。句意：在词典里查新单词是个好主意。
本题考查动词短语。cut up切碎；look up查找；put up举起，张贴。根据句意可知选B。
真题演练
3.(2018江苏苏州, 11) ---Little Jenny looks unhappy today.
--- Don't worry. A box of chocolates will ______ her ______.
A. give … up B. wake … up C. cheer … up D. pick … up
【解析】C。句意：——小Jenny今天看上去不开心。
——别着急。一盒巧克力糖就会让她开心起来。
本题考查动词短语辨析。give...up 放弃；wake... up叫醒.....；cheer..up使....高兴；pick... up捡起...
根据句意可知选C项。
【解题关键】本题四个备选项都是和up搭配构成不同意思的短语，解题的关键是上文中的unhappy，
所以此处表示用一盒巧克力糖可以使她开心。
真题演练
4.(2018新疆, 31) ---Jim, it's dark now. Please ______ the light in the room.
--- OK, Mum.
A. turn on B. turn up C. turn off D. turn down
【解析】A。 句意：——Jim，现在天黑了。请打开房间里的灯。
——好的,妈妈。
本题考查动词短语辨析。turn on打开；turn up调大；turn off关闭；turn down调小。根据句意可知
本题选A。
真题演练
5.(2018天津, 26) Mum asked me to ______ for dinner.
A. lay the table B. go to sleep C. keep a diary D. take a vacation
【解析】A。句意：妈妈让我摆放餐具准备吃晚餐。
本题考查动词短语。lay the table摆放餐具；go to sleep去睡觉；keep a diary记日记；take a
vacation去度假。根据题干中的for dinner可以判断出选A。也可以利用排除法进行选择。
【知识拓展】lay the table与set the table意思相同，“摆放餐具”。题干中的ask sb. to do sth. 是“要求
某人做某事”。
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专题点拨
用法 例句
look for 强调寻找的过程 He is looking for his bike.
find 强调找的结果 I hope you will soon find your lost ring.
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专题点拨
用法 例句
listen 不及物动词，与to组成固定搭配，强调听的动作 Listen! There is a girl singing outside.
hear 强调听的结果 I heard your words.
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专题点拨
用法 例句
hung hang 的过去式；意为“悬挂” He hung his coat on the hook.
hanged hang 的过去分词；意为“绞死” The man was hanged for murder.
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专题点拨
用法 例句
lose 意为“丢失，失去” I lost my watch.
forget 意为“忘记”，“忘记做某事”为 forget to do sth. I forgot your name.
leave ‘leave sth. + 地点状语’意为“把某物落在某处” I left my watch at home.
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