考点归纳
考点1 主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中担任主语的句子。其特点有：
（1）引导词：
从属连词 that, whether；
连接代词 who, what, which；
whoever, whatever, whichever;
连接副词 when, where, how和why。
（2）语序：陈述句语序
（3）在主语从句中只能用whether，不能用if
That he will win the match is certain.
It is certain that he will win the match.
1. 一般来说主语从句都是放在句首，但有时为了使句子保持平衡，避免"头重脚轻",常用it 作形式主语，从
而把主语从句放后面。常以it作形式主语的句型有：
①It is＋形容词＋that...
?It is certain that she will do well in her exam.
毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
②It is＋名词词组(no wonder，an honour，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，common knowledge，a surprise，
a fact，etc.)＋that...
?It’s a pity that we can’t go.
很遗憾我们不能去。
③It is＋过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.)＋that...
?It has been suggested that much should be done to prevent the river from being polluted.
有人建议应做更多的工作阻止河流遭受污染。
1. 同位语从句的引导词选择原则
that 只起连词作用，无任何含义，一般不省略
whether 是否
when 什么时候
where 什么地点
how 什么方式
?The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.他不是没有恢复的希望。
?The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.
我们是否继续做这个实验的问题已经被解决。
2. 同位语从句的几种特殊情况
（1）当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。
?The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.
故事是这样的：威廉姆特尔用一支利箭杀死了国王。
（2）表示＂命令、建议、要求＂的名词order, demand, suggestion等后接同位语从句时，从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，即＂should＋动词原形＂，should可省略。
?The suggestion that everyone (should) make efforts to beautify our campus is necessary.
每个人都应尽力来美化校园的建议是有必要的。
3. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别
同位语从句 定语从句
功能不同 对名词加以补充说明 与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，起连接作用
that 不作成分；起连接作用，不可省略 作主语或宾语，起连接作用；并且作从句的宾语时可省略
whether/how 不作成分；起连接作用＂是否＂；＂如何＂ 不引导定语从句
wh?words 作成分；起连接作用；有自己的含义，但与先行词之间无关 作成分；起连接作用；没有自己的含义，但是代替先行词在从句中作成分
?The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.
李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。(同位语从句，that不可省略)
?The news (that) he told me yesterday is true.
他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。(定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，可省略)
1. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A. how ?? B. that
C. which D. whether
2. News came from the school office ______ Wang Lin had been admitted to Peking University.
A. which ????????? B. that ?
C. what? ?????????? D. where
误区点拨
名词性从句考点归纳：
1.名词性从句必须采用陈述语序。
①I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么。
②She always thinks of how she can work well.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
2.it充当形式主语或宾语：
在名词性从句中，为了使句子保持平衡，常用先行词it来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是连词that引导的主语从句常用于此句式中。
①It is known to us how he became a writer.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
②I find it strange that she doesn’t want to travel.她竟不想旅游，我觉得很奇怪。
3.在名词性从句中 that与what的差异：
what在从句中要充当某个成分(主语、宾语或表语)，在任何情况下都不能省略，表示＂(＝the thing or things that...； whatever)……的事物； 无论什么；凡是……的事物＂。that本身没有词汇意义，在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语和非正式文件中，宾语从句中的that常常省略。
①What you have done might do harm to others.你所做的事或许对别人有害处。
②I spent what little time I had with my family.我仅有的一点儿时间都和家人在一起度过了。
③No one knows what will happen next.谁也不知道下一步有什么事。
④I think(that) you will like the stamps.我认为你会喜欢这些邮票的。
4.whether和if的差异：
（1）引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句，只能采用whether。
?Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.
月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
（2）介词宾语只用whether引导。
?He was worrying about whether he had hurt her feeling.
他焦虑地想知道是否伤害了她的感情。
（3）当whether引导的宾语从句位于句首表示强调时，不能被if替换。
?Whether he will come or not，I am not sure.我无法确认他是否会来。
（4）whether经常与or not 直接连用，构成whether or not。
?I don’t know whether or not he’ll come.我不知道他是来还是不来。
（5）后接动词不定式时只能用whether。
?Can you tell me whether to go or to stay？你能否告诉我是去还是留？
（6）动词discuss后面只能接whether引导的宾语从句。
?We discussed whether we should close the shop.我们讨论我们是否关闭这家商店。
5.宾语从句和主句的时态呼应：
（1）当主句谓语动词为现在时态或将来时态时，宾语从句可以选择适当的时态。
?Will you tell me how I can keep fit？能告诉我如何保持健康吗？
（2）当主句谓语动词为过去时态时，为保持时态一致，宾语从句应采用相应的过去时态。
?Jack told me that he had been there twice.杰克告诉我他去过那儿两次了。
（3）当主句谓语为过去时态时，宾语从句表示客观真理、客观存在的事物、格言时，仍然采用一般现在时。
?Long ago，people knew that there are four seasons in a year.
很久以前，人们就知道一年有四个季节。
6.连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever引导名词性从句的含义：
（1）whoever的用法：
①(＝the person or people who...)……的那个人
?Whoever said that？到底谁讲的这话？
②(＝any person who...)……的任何一个人
?Tell whoever you like； it makes no difference to me.
你愿意告诉谁就告诉谁——对我来说都无所谓。
（2）whatever的用法：
①(＝any or every)任何；每一
?Take whatever action is needed.采取任何必要的措施。
②(＝anything or everything)任何事物；一切事物
?You must do whatever is best for you.什么对你最有利你就得做什么。
③(表示做什么或发生什么都没关系，因为结果都一样)无论什么，不管什么
?You have our support，whatever you decide.不管你做何决定，都会得到我们的支持。
（3）whichever的用法：
①(表示什么特征或品质在作决定时重要)……的那个；……的那些
?Take whichever hat suits you best.挑个最适合你戴的帽子。
专家押题
I.单项填空
1. Many experts hold the view________ teachers’ development is ________ the key to better education lies in.
A. that; which B. that; what
C. that; where D. which; where
2. Despite difficulties, we must bear in mind________ we set this goal, stick to it and move forward regardless.
A. that B. why
C. when D. where
3. People have the belief _______ factories should produce fewer things from raw materials, ________ the supply
is growing smaller and smaller.
A. which; that B. that; of which
C. that; whose D. which; whose
4. —It’s certainly our fault.
—Yes, I think we’d better discuss ______ the apology is to be made.
A. that B. why
C. what D. how
5. ______ impressed the tourists most was the peaceful atmosphere and the friendly people there.
A. When B. That
C. What D. Where
6. He isn’t a child any longer, so my suggestion is ______ we should tell him the truth.
A. what B. that
C. whether D. which
II.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many people dream of traveling to faraway places and sailing the seven oceans on a luxurious ship. But? 1 if you could combine a relaxing trip through the Caribbean with doing something good for the local communities of the places that you visit? Cruise ship(游轮) company Carnival has taken that thought to the next level and six months ago Fathom came into use.
This creative cruising offers passengers a chance? 2 (spend) a day volunteering instead of sunbathing or swimming in the sea. They can participate? 3 voluntary activities during their stay on the shore. Since Fathom first? 4 (start) visiting the Dominican Republic in late April,? 5 (it) passengers have fixed 730 water filters(滤波器),? 6 (build) 40 concrete floors, planted almost 16 000 seedlings, and provided about 17 500 hours of training to help locals practice spoken English.
Demand for social impact cruises is on the rise. Starting in November 2016, six other companies offer similar trips to the Dominican Republic. Fathom will soon also offer trips to Cuba,? 7 motivated passengers can choose from two different voyages and a? 8 (vary) of voluntary activities. The trips are all about? 9 (culture) exchanges and discovering the beauty of places that tourists might usually not reach. Their warm reception clearly shows that more people want to get? 10 (involve) in having a positive impact and help those less fortunate than them.
考点归纳
考点1 主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中担任主语的句子。其特点有：
（1）引导词：
从属连词 that, whether；
连接代词 who, what, which；
whoever, whatever, whichever;
连接副词 when, where, how和why。
（2）语序：陈述句语序
（3）在主语从句中只能用whether，不能用if
That he will win the match is certain.
It is certain that he will win the match.
1. 一般来说主语从句都是放在句首，但有时为了使句子保持平衡，避免"头重脚轻",常用it 作形式主语，从
而把主语从句放后面。常以it作形式主语的句型有：
①It is＋形容词＋that...
?It is certain that she will do well in her exam.
毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
②It is＋名词词组(no wonder，an honour，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，common knowledge，a surprise，
a fact，etc.)＋that...
?It’s a pity that we can’t go.
很遗憾我们不能去。
③It is＋过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.)＋that...
?It has been suggested that much should be done to prevent the river from being polluted.
有人建议应做更多的工作阻止河流遭受污染。
1. 同位语从句的引导词选择原则
that 只起连词作用，无任何含义，一般不省略
whether 是否
when 什么时候
where 什么地点
how 什么方式
?The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.他不是没有恢复的希望。
?The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.
我们是否继续做这个实验的问题已经被解决。
2. 同位语从句的几种特殊情况
（1）当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。
?The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.
故事是这样的：威廉姆特尔用一支利箭杀死了国王。
（2）表示＂命令、建议、要求＂的名词order, demand, suggestion等后接同位语从句时，从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，即＂should＋动词原形＂，should可省略。
?The suggestion that everyone (should) make efforts to beautify our campus is necessary.
每个人都应尽力来美化校园的建议是有必要的。
3. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别
同位语从句 定语从句
功能不同 对名词加以补充说明 与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，起连接作用
that 不作成分；起连接作用，不可省略 作主语或宾语，起连接作用；并且作从句的宾语时可省略
whether/how 不作成分；起连接作用＂是否＂；＂如何＂ 不引导定语从句
wh?words 作成分；起连接作用；有自己的含义，但与先行词之间无关 作成分；起连接作用；没有自己的含义，但是代替先行词在从句中作成分
?The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.
李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。(同位语从句，that不可省略)
?The news (that) he told me yesterday is true.
他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。(定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，可省略)
1. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A. how ?? B. that
C. which D. whether
【答案】B
2. News came from the school office ______ Wang Lin had been admitted to Peking University.
A. which ????????? B. that ?
C. what? ?????????? D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。本题属于分割式同位语从句，谓语came较短，同位语从句较长，名词和同位语从句被from the school office 分开，that 引导同位语从句Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University解释news的内容，在句中起引导作用，没有具体的意思。故选B。
误区点拨
名词性从句考点归纳：
1.名词性从句必须采用陈述语序。
①I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么。
②She always thinks of how she can work well.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
2.it充当形式主语或宾语：
在名词性从句中，为了使句子保持平衡，常用先行词it来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是连词that引导的主语从句常用于此句式中。
①It is known to us how he became a writer.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
②I find it strange that she doesn’t want to travel.她竟不想旅游，我觉得很奇怪。
3.在名词性从句中 that与what的差异：
what在从句中要充当某个成分(主语、宾语或表语)，在任何情况下都不能省略，表示＂(＝the thing or things that...； whatever)……的事物； 无论什么；凡是……的事物＂。that本身没有词汇意义，在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语和非正式文件中，宾语从句中的that常常省略。
①What you have done might do harm to others.你所做的事或许对别人有害处。
②I spent what little time I had with my family.我仅有的一点儿时间都和家人在一起度过了。
③No one knows what will happen next.谁也不知道下一步有什么事。
④I think(that) you will like the stamps.我认为你会喜欢这些邮票的。
4.whether和if的差异：
（1）引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句，只能采用whether。
?Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.
月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
（2）介词宾语只用whether引导。
?He was worrying about whether he had hurt her feeling.
他焦虑地想知道是否伤害了她的感情。
（3）当whether引导的宾语从句位于句首表示强调时，不能被if替换。
?Whether he will come or not，I am not sure.我无法确认他是否会来。
（4）whether经常与or not 直接连用，构成whether or not。
?I don’t know whether or not he’ll come.我不知道他是来还是不来。
（5）后接动词不定式时只能用whether。
?Can you tell me whether to go or to stay？你能否告诉我是去还是留？
（6）动词discuss后面只能接whether引导的宾语从句。
?We discussed whether we should close the shop.我们讨论我们是否关闭这家商店。
5.宾语从句和主句的时态呼应：
（1）当主句谓语动词为现在时态或将来时态时，宾语从句可以选择适当的时态。
?Will you tell me how I can keep fit？能告诉我如何保持健康吗？
（2）当主句谓语动词为过去时态时，为保持时态一致，宾语从句应采用相应的过去时态。
?Jack told me that he had been there twice.杰克告诉我他去过那儿两次了。
（3）当主句谓语为过去时态时，宾语从句表示客观真理、客观存在的事物、格言时，仍然采用一般现在时。
?Long ago，people knew that there are four seasons in a year.
很久以前，人们就知道一年有四个季节。
6.连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever引导名词性从句的含义：
（1）whoever的用法：
①(＝the person or people who...)……的那个人
?Whoever said that？到底谁讲的这话？
②(＝any person who...)……的任何一个人
?Tell whoever you like； it makes no difference to me.
你愿意告诉谁就告诉谁——对我来说都无所谓。
（2）whatever的用法：
①(＝any or every)任何；每一
?Take whatever action is needed.采取任何必要的措施。
②(＝anything or everything)任何事物；一切事物
?You must do whatever is best for you.什么对你最有利你就得做什么。
③(表示做什么或发生什么都没关系，因为结果都一样)无论什么，不管什么
?You have our support，whatever you decide.不管你做何决定，都会得到我们的支持。
（3）whichever的用法：
①(表示什么特征或品质在作决定时重要)……的那个；……的那些
?Take whichever hat suits you best.挑个最适合你戴的帽子。
专家押题
I.单项填空
1. Many experts hold the view________ teachers’ development is ________ the key to better education lies in.
A. that; which B. that; what
C. that; where D. which; where
【答案】B
2. Despite difficulties, we must bear in mind________ we set this goal, stick to it and move forward regardless.
A. that B. why
C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查连词。句意：尽管困难重重，但我们必须牢记我们为什么要制定这个目标，坚持到底，继续向前进不论有什么困难。bear后面跟why引起的宾语从句，why在从句中做原因状语。故选B。
3. People have the belief _______ factories should produce fewer things from raw materials, ________ the supply
is growing smaller and smaller.
A. which; that B. that; of which
C. that; whose D. which; whose
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句和定语从句。句意：人们相信工厂应该从原材料中生产更少的东西，原材料的供应量正在越来越小。第一空是同位语从句，解释belief的内容，不作任何成分，所以用that，第二空是非限定性定语从句，先行词是raw materials，关系词在从句中作定语，所以用of which。
4. —It’s certainly our fault.
—Yes, I think we’d better discuss ______ the apology is to be made.
A. that B. why
C. what D. how
【答案】D
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：——这无疑是我们的过错。——是的，我想我们最好研究一下怎样道歉。分析句子结构可知此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，表示＂怎样、如何＂。
5. ______ impressed the tourists most was the peaceful atmosphere and the friendly people there.
A. When B. That
C. What D. Where
【答案】C
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：最让游客印象深刻的是那平和的气氛和友好的人们。分析句子结构可知，此处为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以用What引导主语从句。
6. He isn’t a child any longer, so my suggestion is ______ we should tell him the truth.
A. what B. that
C. whether D. which
【答案】B
II.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many people dream of traveling to faraway places and sailing the seven oceans on a luxurious ship. But? 1 if you could combine a relaxing trip through the Caribbean with doing something good for the local communities of the places that you visit? Cruise ship(游轮) company Carnival has taken that thought to the next level and six months ago Fathom came into use.
This creative cruising offers passengers a chance? 2 (spend) a day volunteering instead of sunbathing or swimming in the sea. They can participate? 3 voluntary activities during their stay on the shore. Since Fathom first? 4 (start) visiting the Dominican Republic in late April,? 5 (it) passengers have fixed 730 water filters(滤波器),? 6 (build) 40 concrete floors, planted almost 16 000 seedlings, and provided about 17 500 hours of training to help locals practice spoken English.
Demand for social impact cruises is on the rise. Starting in November 2016, six other companies offer similar trips to the Dominican Republic. Fathom will soon also offer trips to Cuba,? 7 motivated passengers can choose from two different voyages and a? 8 (vary) of voluntary activities. The trips are all about? 9 (culture) exchanges and discovering the beauty of places that tourists might usually not reach. Their warm reception clearly shows that more people want to get? 10 (involve) in having a positive impact and help those less fortunate than them.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了一家旅游公司为旅客提供旅游期间充当志愿者的机会。
3.in
考查固定短语中的介词。此处是固定短语participate in，意为"参加"。
4.started
考查谓语动词。句中的Since暗示本句应用一般过去时。
5.its
考查代词。本空在名词passengers前，应填形容词性物主代词its。
6.built
考查动词。空格处与fixed， planted， provided并列，故应用built。
7.where
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知此处是定语从句，先行词是Cuba，表示地点，关系词在定语从句中充当地点状语，因此填关系副词where。
8.variety
考查词性转换。a variety of "各种各样的"。
9.cultural
考查词性转换。空格后为名词exchange"交流"，应用形容词cultural"文化的"来修饰。
10.involved
考查非谓语动词。此处是"get+过去分词"结构，故应用involved。get involved in意为"参与"。
