2019年高考英语抢分秘籍10 特殊句式 (学生版及教师版)

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名称 2019年高考英语抢分秘籍10 特殊句式 (学生版及教师版)
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更新时间 2019-05-20 18:24:34

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考点归纳
考点1 倒装
倒装是英语中常见的一种语言现象,它具有强调、修饰等作用。倒装可分为完全倒装和部分倒装。
一、完全倒装
完全倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时或一般过去时。常见的结构有:
1. There be句型:其中be可换成live, lie, stand, remain, exist, come, go, seem (appear/ happen/ used) to be等表示"存在"意义的词。
?There entered a strange little man. 走进来一个奇怪而身材矮小的人。
?Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 从前,海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。
2. 以here, there, off, out, in, up, down, away, now, then, on等表示方向、位置或时间、地点的副词开头的句子,谓语是come, go, be等动词时,并且其主语为名词时,通常使用完全倒装。
?Now, here goes the story. 现在,这个故事是这样的。
?Then came another question. 然后又一个问题被提出来了。
?Away flew the bird. 那只鸟飞走了。
?Suddenly, in came a man with a mask on his face. 突然进来一个蒙着面的男人。
在以there, here, up, down, out, in等副词开头的句子中,当主语是代词时,句子不倒装。
?There they are.他们在那边。
3. 表示地点的介词短语,常将其放在句首,构成完全倒装,用于表示强调。此时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词,且主语为名词。
?In the cottage lives a family of six. 在这间小屋里住着一家六口。
?Near the bridge was an old cottage. 在桥的附近有一间古老的小屋。
?Next to this one is another grand hotel which is beautifully decorated.
这家饭店隔壁还有一家装修得很漂亮的大饭店。
?On either side of the great avenue stood many buildings. 这条大街的两侧都耸立着许多大楼。
4. 表语(充当表语的可以是形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语、副词等)置于句首,一般是主语较长或结构为较复杂的句子。
?Gone are the days when he was looked down upon.
他被人瞧不起的日子已经一去不复返了。
?In the armchair lay a cat, half asleep. 一只猫躺在扶手椅上,半睡半醒。
?Standing around the teacher were her students.
老师周围站着的都是她的
二、部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分,如助动词或情态动词,置于主语之前。如果句中的谓语部分不含有助动词或情态动词时,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
1. 为了避免句子内容出现不必要的重复,常用"so+be动词/助动词/情态动词)+主语"或"neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词)+主语"的倒装句式。其中第一个句式表示"与前面所述的肯定情况相同",第二个句式表示"与前面所述的否定情况相同"。
?His brother is a college student, so is mine. 他弟弟是大学生,我弟弟也是。
?He used to have his further study abroad, so did I. 他曾去国外深造过,我也去过。
?One of my friends cannot speak foreign languages, neither can his wife.
我的一个朋友不会说外语,他的妻子也不会。
?They are not now preparing for their final examinations, nor are we.
他们没在为期末考试做准备,我们也没有。
表示赞同某人的看法时,用"So+S+do/does/did."。
?—I told you that I would come.我告诉过你我会来的。
—So you did.你确实说过。
2. 含有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时(否定词修饰主语除外),句子通常采用部分倒装。这类词或短语常见的有:not, never, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, not until..., no sooner...(than), hardly...(when), not only...(but also)。
?Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before. 我的妹妹们以前从未去过香港。
?So far as I know, seldom does Mary come back to see her mother. 就我所知,玛丽很少回来看她妈妈。
?Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 你在哪儿都不会找到这个问题的答案的。
?By no means are these goods satisfactory. 这些货物一点儿也不令人满意。
?Not until twelve o’clock did he go to bed last night. 他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。
?Not only was the city polluted, but (also) the streets were crowded. 不仅城市被污染,而且街道也很拥挤。
not until后接从句时,主句部分倒装,从句不倒装;no sooner...than, hardly...when, not only...but also中,no sooner, hardly, not only所在的分句/句子部分倒装,后一分句(主句)不倒装,这种结构常用过去完成时。但在neither...nor结构中,前后两个分句均要倒装。
?Not only did he complain about the food, but also he refused to pay for it. 他不仅抱怨饭菜的质量,而且拒不付款。
?Hardly had he finished his speech when the audience started cheering. 他刚演讲完,观众便欢呼起来。
3. as, though引导的让步状语从句,其中表语、状语等放在as或though之前。
?Successful as he is, he is not proud. 尽管他取得了成功,但他并不骄傲。
?Try as I might, I could not lift the stone. 尽管我用尽力气,我还是举不起这块石头。
?Too much as/though I like it, I can’t afford it. 虽然我非常喜欢它,但是我却买不起。
as/though引导的让步状语从句具有以下特点:(1)表语提前,形容词最高级前的the、单数可数名词前的a/an要省略。(2)主谓结构的句子,谓语动词(原形)提前时,主语后要补出相应的助动词。
?Shortest as he is, he is the cleverest of the three. 虽然他是三个人中最矮的,却是最聪明的。
?Child as he is, he knows some of the family secrets. 尽管他还是个孩子,他却知道家里的一些秘密。 (注意child前无冠词)
4. so/such...that...句型中,so/such部分放在句首,该部分须采用部分倒装。
?So serious was the situation that everybody faced a test. 形势如此地严峻,每个人都面临着一场考验。
?In such a hurry did she leave that she forgot to lock the door. 她匆匆离去,以至于忘记了锁门。
5. 句子以were, had, should开头,省略if的虚拟条件句。
?Had they not helped us, we could not have done it so successfully.如果没有他们帮助我们,我们不可能把那件事办得如此成功。
?Should he come, say "Nobody in" to him. 万一他来了,对他说:"公司没人。"
?Were I you, I would go with them. 我要是你的话,我就跟他们一起去。
6. only与副词、介词短语及状语从句连用放在句首时。
?Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次之后,他才来参加会议。
?Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 只有当病得很重时,他才卧床休息。
only修饰主语时,句子不倒装。
?Only Mary knows the answer.只有玛丽知道答案。
7. 频度副词及短语,如:often, always, once, many a time, now and then, every other day等位于句首时。
?Many a time has he given me good advice. 他多次给我好的建议。
?Often have I seen these Young Pioneers do good deeds. 我经常看到这些少先队员做好事。
8. 表祝愿的句子常用倒装。
?May our friendship last forever! 愿我们的友谊长存!
?May your company become prosperous! 祝贵公司生意兴隆!
9. 某些感叹句也用倒装语序。
?Isn’t it a beautiful garden! 多么美丽的花园啊!
?Have you ever seen such a naughty kid like him! 你见过哪个孩子像他这么调皮!
【巧学妙记】★部分倒装口诀:副词开头要倒装,人称代词非如常; only修饰副介状,位于句首半倒装; 否定意义副连词,位于句首须倒装; 表语前置主语长,衔接自然常倒装; such代词作表语,引起主谓要倒装; not only开头句,前一分句须倒装; had, were, should虚拟句,省略if半倒装。
典例剖析
1. (2017?江苏) _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it
C. It was D. Was it

2. (2016?江苏)Not until recently________the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
A.they had encouraged B.had they encouraged
C.did they encourage D.they encouraged

考点2 强调句
1. 强调句型的基本结构
强调句型的基本结构为:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。
强调句型的一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分?
强调句型的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+is/was it+that+其他成分?
?Is it in 2012 that the 30th Olympic Games will be held in London?
是在2012年第30届奥运会将在伦敦举行吗?
?How was it that your brother succeeded in finishing the difficult task?
你哥哥是怎样成功完成了那个困难的任务的?
2. 强调句型强调的成分
强调句型强调的成分:主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时,用who或that皆可;指物时,只能用that;被强调部分是时间、地点,原因或方式状语时,不用when,where,why或how而用that。
? It was the beautiful lady that/who I met in the hotel yesterday.
我昨天在旅馆里遇到的正是这位漂亮女士。(强调宾语)
? It was in Beijing that we visited the Bird’s Nest and Water Cube.
正是在北京我们参观了鸟巢和水立方。(强调地点状语)
? It is my mother who/that reminds me to get up on time every day.
每天都是我妈妈提醒我按时起床。(强调主语)
3. 强调句型的时态
如果原句中谓语动词的时态是现在或将来时间范畴的时态(如:一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时/现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等),用It is+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。
如果原句中谓语动词为过去时间范畴的时态(如:一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等),则用It was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。
? It is you that/who are to blame. 是你该受谴责。
? It was at the railway station that we first met 10 years ago. 我们10年前第一次相逢是在火车站。
4. 在强调句型中,强调原句中的主语时,that/who后的谓语单复数的确定。
在强调句型中,若强调原句中的主语,that/who后的谓语动词的单复数应与被强调的主语的单复数形式保持一致。
? The little boy has broken a beautiful jar. →It is the little boy who/that has broken a beautiful jar.
? They are going to attend your birthday party tomorrow. →It is they who/that are going to attend your birthday party tomorrow.
5. 对not...until结构的强调
not...until结构的强调句型为"It is/was not until...that..."在这一固定句型中,由于not已经前移,that后只能用肯定形式。
? He didn’t go to bed until ten o’clock.→It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed. 直到10点他才睡觉。
? I didn’t realize it until I got off the bus.→It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.
6. 如何识别强调句型
强调句型中的it is/was和that无实际意义,去掉后,句子结构仍然完整、正确,句意仍然明确;而其他句型去掉it is/was和that后,句意不完整。
? It is for three hours that they have worked. 他们已经工作三个小时了。(强调句型)
? It is a wonder that he is still alive. 他还活着真是个奇迹。(it作形式主语)
7. 使用强调句型的几个注意事项
(1)若被强调成分是主语,who/that之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与被强调的主语保持一致。
?It is he who/that often helps me with my English.是他经常帮我学英语。
?It is trees that we plant on the hillside every year.我们每年都在山坡上种的是树。
(2)若被强调成分是作主语的代词,用主格;若是作宾语的代词,则用宾格。
?It was he that helped me yesterday.昨天帮我的人是他。
?It was me that he helped yesterday.他昨天帮的人是我。
(3)强调句中只用两种时态,即一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时,用It was...that/who...,其余的时态用It is...that/who...。
?It is you who/that are to blame.是你该受到指责。
典例剖析
1.(2018·天津卷·单项填空)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
A. which B. that C. when D. where

2.(2017﹒天津卷)It was when I got back to my apartment ___________ I first came across my new neighbors.
A. who B. where C. which D. that

考点3 省略
为了避免重复或为了使句子更简练,在一些句子中常常省去某一个或某几个成分,这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。
省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。运用修辞手段的目的之一就是节约用词、避免重复。一般说来,只要不会损害结构或引起歧义,能省略的地方就应省略。省略的结果,不但使句子结构显得紧凑,而且句子中几个关键词的意义也更突显出来。
一、介词的省略
1.在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词常被省略,而只保留后面的动名词。
spend time/money(in)doing sth. have difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth.; prevent/stop sb.(from)doing sth.
?We spends half an hour(in)doing some reading every day.
我们每天花半小时读书。
(1)祈使句+and+陈述句=名词短语+and+陈述句=if条件状语从句+主句
?Have a little patience and we’ll look into it soon.
=Just a little patience and we’ll look into it soon.
=If you have a little patience, we’ll look into it soon.
耐心点,我们很快就会调查此事的。
(2)祈使句+or+陈述句=if...not...+主句
?Work harder,or you’ll fail.
=If you don’t work harder,you’ll fail.
工作努力点,要不然你就会失败。
二、感叹句
表示强烈情绪(喜、怒、哀、乐、惊、恐等)的句子叫感叹句,通常由what或how引导。
1. 基本形式
(1)What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!
?What a clever boy he is!多么聪明的男孩啊!
?What terrible noise they are making!他们弄出多难听的声音啊!
?What wonderful ideas you have!你们的想法真不错!
(2)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语
?How difficult a problem it is!它可真是个难题!
(3)How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
?How clever the boy is!多么聪明的男孩啊!
2.其他形式的感叹句
(1)how直接修饰谓语动词:How+主语+谓语!
?How (much) we love our motherland!我们多么热爱自己的祖国啊!
(2)常见的其他形式
?How can you be so silly!你怎么这么傻!
?The designs and the colours!多美的图案和色彩!
?To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire!竟然把那样一套衣服卖给了一个百万富翁!
?Could one have believed it!谁能相信这个!
?If only I’d known!我早知道就好了!
三、反意疑问句
反意疑问句又可叫做附加疑问句,由"陈述句+反意问句"构成。反意问句的动词总是助动词、情态动词或be动词的某种形式,反意问句的主语用代词充当。基本原则是"前否后肯,前肯后否"。
1. 陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句
(1)陈述句部分谓语动词含有must时,must如表示"必须",反意问句用mustn’t,如表示"必要",则用needn’t;
如mustn’t表示"不允许,禁止",其反意问句部分用must或may。
?You must get to school at 8 a.m.,mustn’t you?你必须早上八点到学校,是吗?
?We must start working right now,needn’t we?我们立即开始工作了,是吗?
?You mustn’t smoke here,must/may you?你不能在这里吸烟,是吧?
(2)当must表示推测,作"一定,准是"讲时,反意问句部分根据must后的谓语动词形式及含义采用相应的动词形式。
?You must be tired,aren’t you?你一定很累,是吗?
?He must have done it last night,didn’t he?他一定是昨天晚上做的,是吗?
?Tom must have been to Shanghai before,hasn’t he?汤姆以前去过上海,是吗?
2. 陈述部分含有used to和ought to的反意疑问句
(1) 陈述部分谓语动词是used to时, 用didn’t或usedn’t两种方式反问。
?He used to go swimming in summer, didn’t/usedn’t he?他过去常常在夏天游泳,是吗?
(2) 陈述部分谓语动词是ought to时, 用oughtn’t或shouldn’t反问。
?He ought to be praised for what he has done, oughtn’t/shouldn’t he?
他应该为他所做的一切而受到表扬,是吗?
3. 当陈述部分有neither,none,nobody,nothing,few,little,never,hardly,seldom等否定意义或半否定
意义的副词时,反意问句应用肯定形式。
?Nobody understood his speech,did they?没有人听懂他的演讲,是吗?
?His sister seldom argues with people,does she?他姐姐很少和人争论,是吗?
注意 
陈述部分出现含有否定意义的前缀或后缀的词时,反意问句仍用否定结构。
?He is unfit for his job,isn’t he?他不适合这份工作,对吗?
?You dislike playing computer games,don’t you?你不喜欢玩电脑游戏,是吗?
4. 含有宾语从句的反意疑问句
当陈述部分带有宾语从句时,疑问部分的主语与助动词应和主句保持一致。
?He never said she would come,did he?他从未说过她要来,是吗?
注意 
①当陈述部分谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine且主语为第一人称时,疑问部分的主语
和谓语动词均应和宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致,且应注意否定转移;但如果主语不是第一人称,反
意问句则与主句保持一致。
?I don’t believe he will succeed, will he?我认为他不会成功,他会吗?
?We think they have finished their homework, haven’t they?我们认为他们已完成了家庭作业,不是吗?
?Mary thinks you will come to the party, doesn’t she?玛丽认为你将来参加聚会,是吗?
②并列句的反意疑问句则根据最接近的分句来完成。
?We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, will you?
我们忘了带票,请让我们进去,可以吗?
5. 陈述部分谓语动词是dare,need时,如果作情态动词,用dare,need本身反问;如果作实义动词,则用
do的适当形式反问。
?You daren’t climb the rock, dare you?你不敢爬上这块石头,是吗?
?The little girl doesn’t dare to go alone at night, does she?小女孩不敢走夜路,是吗?
?We need to help them, don’t we?我们需要帮助他们,是吗?
6. 陈述部分谓语动词have作"有"解时,可用don’t或haven’t反问;作其他意义解释时用do的某种形式
反问。
?He hasn’t any sisters, does/has he?他没有姐妹,是吗?
They have to receive strict training beforehand, don’t they?他们不得不事先接受严格的训练,是吗?
7. 感叹句的反意疑问句
陈述部分是感叹句时,一律用be或助动词的否定形式反问。
?What a naughty boy he is, isn’t he?多调皮的男孩啊,不是吗?
?How hard she works,doesn’t she?她工作多么勤奋,不是吗?
8. 祈使句的反意疑问句
祈使句的反意疑问句的构成,必须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其反意部分,有四种形式。
(1)祈使句的肯定形式,其反意问句表示"请求"时,通常用will you;表示"邀请,劝说"时,用won’t you。
?Be sure to write to us,will you?一定要给我们写信,好吗?(表示"请求")
?Come to have dinner with us this evening,won’t you?今晚跟我们一起吃饭,好吗?(表示"邀请")
?Try to be back by two,won’t you?设法两点之前回来,好吗?(表示"劝说")
9. 反意疑问句的回答
反意疑问句的回答,不是根据汉语习惯来确定用yes还是no,而是根据答语的内容来确定,不管主句为否定,还是反意问句为否定,回答时只看所提到的事情是否已/会发生。如果发生了,用肯定回答,否则用否定回答。要特别注意陈述部分是否定结构,反意问句部分用肯定形式时,回答的yes要译成"不",no要译成"是的"。
?—He likes playing football,doesn’t he?他喜欢踢足球,不是吗?
—Yes, he does.不,他喜欢。
—No, he doesn’t.是的,他不喜欢。
?—You haven’t seen the film,have you?你没有看过这部电影,是吗?
—Yes, I have.不,我看过。
—No, I haven’t.是的,我没有看过。
10. 陈述部分主语和反意问句主语的对应关系
在反意问句中,代词用人称代词I,we,you,he,she,it或they,谓语动词用助动词、情态动词或be动词。
?You wouldn’t like to take these pills, would you?你不想吃这些药,是吗?
?His father can’t name the plant, can he?他父亲叫不出这种植物的名字,是吗?
?You like traveling, don’t you?你喜欢旅游,是吗?
?This is very important, isn’t it?这非常重要,是吗?
典例剖析
(2018·北京卷·单项填空)In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.
A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed

误区点拨

6. __________ yourself with positive people who know the importance of confidence and you will keep focused on what you can do instead of what you can’t.
A. Surrounding B. Surrounded
C. Surround D. Having surrounded

7. Sharon ranked third in the singing competition. You can’t imagine __________ progress she has made.
A. how amazing B. what amazing
C. how amazing a D. what an amazing

8. The ground is wet all over, so I’m sure it must have rained last night, __________ it?
A. hasn’t B. didn’t
C. mustn’t D. wasn’t



专家押题
I. 单项填空填空
1.— The authority concerned must have taken stricter measures to ensure traffic safety next year, ________it?
—Yes, definitely.
A. didn’t B. mustn’t
C. hasn’t D. won’t

2.It was the first time ______ I ______ face to face with the president.
A. when; had come B. that; have come
C. when; came D. that; had come

3.It was in 1969 ______ two Americans went to the moon by spaceship.
A. when B. that
C. at that time D. just then

4.When you meet danger in a foreign land, do not give up! Please remember, at you back ______ a strong
motherland.
A. does stand B. stands
C.is standing D.is stood

5.We were walking quickly because she just wanted to get home, and _______.
A.so did I B.so I did
C.I did so D. did I so

6.Just as Oprah Winfrey puts it, _________thankful for what you have and you’ll end up having more.
A.be B. being
C.to be D. having been

7.Only when _________hard __________ make your dream come true.
A.do you work; you can B. you work; you can
C.do you work; can you D. you work; can you














考点归纳
考点1 倒装
倒装是英语中常见的一种语言现象,它具有强调、修饰等作用。倒装可分为完全倒装和部分倒装。
一、完全倒装
完全倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时或一般过去时。常见的结构有:
1. There be句型:其中be可换成live, lie, stand, remain, exist, come, go, seem (appear/ happen/ used) to be等表示"存在"意义的词。
?There entered a strange little man. 走进来一个奇怪而身材矮小的人。
?Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 从前,海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。
2. 以here, there, off, out, in, up, down, away, now, then, on等表示方向、位置或时间、地点的副词开头的句子,谓语是come, go, be等动词时,并且其主语为名词时,通常使用完全倒装。
?Now, here goes the story. 现在,这个故事是这样的。
?Then came another question. 然后又一个问题被提出来了。
?Away flew the bird. 那只鸟飞走了。
?Suddenly, in came a man with a mask on his face. 突然进来一个蒙着面的男人。
在以there, here, up, down, out, in等副词开头的句子中,当主语是代词时,句子不倒装。
?There they are.他们在那边。
3. 表示地点的介词短语,常将其放在句首,构成完全倒装,用于表示强调。此时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词,且主语为名词。
?In the cottage lives a family of six. 在这间小屋里住着一家六口。
?Near the bridge was an old cottage. 在桥的附近有一间古老的小屋。
?Next to this one is another grand hotel which is beautifully decorated.
这家饭店隔壁还有一家装修得很漂亮的大饭店。
?On either side of the great avenue stood many buildings. 这条大街的两侧都耸立着许多大楼。
4. 表语(充当表语的可以是形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语、副词等)置于句首,一般是主语较长或结构为较复杂的句子。
?Gone are the days when he was looked down upon.
他被人瞧不起的日子已经一去不复返了。
?In the armchair lay a cat, half asleep. 一只猫躺在扶手椅上,半睡半醒。
?Standing around the teacher were her students.
老师周围站着的都是她的
二、部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分,如助动词或情态动词,置于主语之前。如果句中的谓语部分不含有助动词或情态动词时,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
1. 为了避免句子内容出现不必要的重复,常用"so+be动词/助动词/情态动词)+主语"或"neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词)+主语"的倒装句式。其中第一个句式表示"与前面所述的肯定情况相同",第二个句式表示"与前面所述的否定情况相同"。
?His brother is a college student, so is mine. 他弟弟是大学生,我弟弟也是。
?He used to have his further study abroad, so did I. 他曾去国外深造过,我也去过。
?One of my friends cannot speak foreign languages, neither can his wife.
我的一个朋友不会说外语,他的妻子也不会。
?They are not now preparing for their final examinations, nor are we.
他们没在为期末考试做准备,我们也没有。
表示赞同某人的看法时,用"So+S+do/does/did."。
?—I told you that I would come.我告诉过你我会来的。
—So you did.你确实说过。
2. 含有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时(否定词修饰主语除外),句子通常采用部分倒装。这类词或短语常见的有:not, never, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, not until..., no sooner...(than), hardly...(when), not only...(but also)。
?Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before. 我的妹妹们以前从未去过香港。
?So far as I know, seldom does Mary come back to see her mother. 就我所知,玛丽很少回来看她妈妈。
?Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 你在哪儿都不会找到这个问题的答案的。
?By no means are these goods satisfactory. 这些货物一点儿也不令人满意。
?Not until twelve o’clock did he go to bed last night. 他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。
?Not only was the city polluted, but (also) the streets were crowded. 不仅城市被污染,而且街道也很拥挤。
not until后接从句时,主句部分倒装,从句不倒装;no sooner...than, hardly...when, not only...but also中,no sooner, hardly, not only所在的分句/句子部分倒装,后一分句(主句)不倒装,这种结构常用过去完成时。但在neither...nor结构中,前后两个分句均要倒装。
?Not only did he complain about the food, but also he refused to pay for it. 他不仅抱怨饭菜的质量,而且拒不付款。
?Hardly had he finished his speech when the audience started cheering. 他刚演讲完,观众便欢呼起来。
3. as, though引导的让步状语从句,其中表语、状语等放在as或though之前。
?Successful as he is, he is not proud. 尽管他取得了成功,但他并不骄傲。
?Try as I might, I could not lift the stone. 尽管我用尽力气,我还是举不起这块石头。
?Too much as/though I like it, I can’t afford it. 虽然我非常喜欢它,但是我却买不起。
as/though引导的让步状语从句具有以下特点:(1)表语提前,形容词最高级前的the、单数可数名词前的a/an要省略。(2)主谓结构的句子,谓语动词(原形)提前时,主语后要补出相应的助动词。
?Shortest as he is, he is the cleverest of the three. 虽然他是三个人中最矮的,却是最聪明的。
?Child as he is, he knows some of the family secrets. 尽管他还是个孩子,他却知道家里的一些秘密。 (注意child前无冠词)
4. so/such...that...句型中,so/such部分放在句首,该部分须采用部分倒装。
?So serious was the situation that everybody faced a test. 形势如此地严峻,每个人都面临着一场考验。
?In such a hurry did she leave that she forgot to lock the door. 她匆匆离去,以至于忘记了锁门。
5. 句子以were, had, should开头,省略if的虚拟条件句。
?Had they not helped us, we could not have done it so successfully.如果没有他们帮助我们,我们不可能把那件事办得如此成功。
?Should he come, say "Nobody in" to him. 万一他来了,对他说:"公司没人。"
?Were I you, I would go with them. 我要是你的话,我就跟他们一起去。
6. only与副词、介词短语及状语从句连用放在句首时。
?Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次之后,他才来参加会议。
?Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 只有当病得很重时,他才卧床休息。
only修饰主语时,句子不倒装。
?Only Mary knows the answer.只有玛丽知道答案。
7. 频度副词及短语,如:often, always, once, many a time, now and then, every other day等位于句首时。
?Many a time has he given me good advice. 他多次给我好的建议。
?Often have I seen these Young Pioneers do good deeds. 我经常看到这些少先队员做好事。
8. 表祝愿的句子常用倒装。
?May our friendship last forever! 愿我们的友谊长存!
?May your company become prosperous! 祝贵公司生意兴隆!
9. 某些感叹句也用倒装语序。
?Isn’t it a beautiful garden! 多么美丽的花园啊!
?Have you ever seen such a naughty kid like him! 你见过哪个孩子像他这么调皮!
【巧学妙记】★部分倒装口诀:副词开头要倒装,人称代词非如常; only修饰副介状,位于句首半倒装; 否定意义副连词,位于句首须倒装; 表语前置主语长,衔接自然常倒装; such代词作表语,引起主谓要倒装; not only开头句,前一分句须倒装; had, were, should虚拟句,省略if半倒装。
典例剖析
1. (2017?江苏) _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it
C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B

2. (2016?江苏)Not until recently________the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
A.they had encouraged B.had they encouraged
C.did they encourage D.they encouraged
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态和倒装。根据时间状语"recently"可知本句应用一般过去时。Not until+状语位于句 首,句子采用部分倒装的语序,因此本题选择C。
考点2 强调句
1. 强调句型的基本结构
强调句型的基本结构为:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。
强调句型的一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分?
强调句型的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+is/was it+that+其他成分?
?Is it in 2012 that the 30th Olympic Games will be held in London?
是在2012年第30届奥运会将在伦敦举行吗?
?How was it that your brother succeeded in finishing the difficult task?
你哥哥是怎样成功完成了那个困难的任务的?
2. 强调句型强调的成分
强调句型强调的成分:主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时,用who或that皆可;指物时,只能用that;被强调部分是时间、地点,原因或方式状语时,不用when,where,why或how而用that。
? It was the beautiful lady that/who I met in the hotel yesterday.
我昨天在旅馆里遇到的正是这位漂亮女士。(强调宾语)
? It was in Beijing that we visited the Bird’s Nest and Water Cube.
正是在北京我们参观了鸟巢和水立方。(强调地点状语)
? It is my mother who/that reminds me to get up on time every day.
每天都是我妈妈提醒我按时起床。(强调主语)
3. 强调句型的时态
如果原句中谓语动词的时态是现在或将来时间范畴的时态(如:一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时/现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等),用It is+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。
如果原句中谓语动词为过去时间范畴的时态(如:一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等),则用It was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。
? It is you that/who are to blame. 是你该受谴责。
? It was at the railway station that we first met 10 years ago. 我们10年前第一次相逢是在火车站。
4. 在强调句型中,强调原句中的主语时,that/who后的谓语单复数的确定。
在强调句型中,若强调原句中的主语,that/who后的谓语动词的单复数应与被强调的主语的单复数形式保持一致。
? The little boy has broken a beautiful jar. →It is the little boy who/that has broken a beautiful jar.
? They are going to attend your birthday party tomorrow. →It is they who/that are going to attend your birthday party tomorrow.
5. 对not...until结构的强调
not...until结构的强调句型为"It is/was not until...that..."在这一固定句型中,由于not已经前移,that后只能用肯定形式。
? He didn’t go to bed until ten o’clock.→It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed. 直到10点他才睡觉。
? I didn’t realize it until I got off the bus.→It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.
6. 如何识别强调句型
强调句型中的it is/was和that无实际意义,去掉后,句子结构仍然完整、正确,句意仍然明确;而其他句型去掉it is/was和that后,句意不完整。
? It is for three hours that they have worked. 他们已经工作三个小时了。(强调句型)
? It is a wonder that he is still alive. 他还活着真是个奇迹。(it作形式主语)
7. 使用强调句型的几个注意事项
(1)若被强调成分是主语,who/that之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与被强调的主语保持一致。
?It is he who/that often helps me with my English.是他经常帮我学英语。
?It is trees that we plant on the hillside every year.我们每年都在山坡上种的是树。
(2)若被强调成分是作主语的代词,用主格;若是作宾语的代词,则用宾格。
?It was he that helped me yesterday.昨天帮我的人是他。
?It was me that he helped yesterday.他昨天帮的人是我。
(3)强调句中只用两种时态,即一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时,用It was...that/who...,其余的时态用It is...that/who...。
?It is you who/that are to blame.是你该受到指责。
典例剖析
1.(2018·天津卷·单项填空)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
【答案】B

2.(2017﹒天津卷)It was when I got back to my apartment ___________ I first came across my new neighbors.
A. who B. where C. which D. that
【答案】D
【解析】句意:当我回到我的公寓的时候,我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It was开头,后面连 词首选that,构成强调句型,但需要验证,本句中去掉It was 和that,句意完整,所以确定是强调句型。 故选D。
考点3 省略
为了避免重复或为了使句子更简练,在一些句子中常常省去某一个或某几个成分,这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。
省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。运用修辞手段的目的之一就是节约用词、避免重复。一般说来,只要不会损害结构或引起歧义,能省略的地方就应省略。省略的结果,不但使句子结构显得紧凑,而且句子中几个关键词的意义也更突显出来。
一、介词的省略
1.在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词常被省略,而只保留后面的动名词。
spend time/money(in)doing sth. have difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth.; prevent/stop sb.(from)doing sth.
?We spends half an hour(in)doing some reading every day.
我们每天花半小时读书。
(1)祈使句+and+陈述句=名词短语+and+陈述句=if条件状语从句+主句
?Have a little patience and we’ll look into it soon.
=Just a little patience and we’ll look into it soon.
=If you have a little patience, we’ll look into it soon.
耐心点,我们很快就会调查此事的。
(2)祈使句+or+陈述句=if...not...+主句
?Work harder,or you’ll fail.
=If you don’t work harder,you’ll fail.
工作努力点,要不然你就会失败。
二、感叹句
表示强烈情绪(喜、怒、哀、乐、惊、恐等)的句子叫感叹句,通常由what或how引导。
1. 基本形式
(1)What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!
?What a clever boy he is!多么聪明的男孩啊!
?What terrible noise they are making!他们弄出多难听的声音啊!
?What wonderful ideas you have!你们的想法真不错!
(2)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语
?How difficult a problem it is!它可真是个难题!
(3)How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
?How clever the boy is!多么聪明的男孩啊!
2.其他形式的感叹句
(1)how直接修饰谓语动词:How+主语+谓语!
?How (much) we love our motherland!我们多么热爱自己的祖国啊!
(2)常见的其他形式
?How can you be so silly!你怎么这么傻!
?The designs and the colours!多美的图案和色彩!
?To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire!竟然把那样一套衣服卖给了一个百万富翁!
?Could one have believed it!谁能相信这个!
?If only I’d known!我早知道就好了!
三、反意疑问句
反意疑问句又可叫做附加疑问句,由"陈述句+反意问句"构成。反意问句的动词总是助动词、情态动词或be动词的某种形式,反意问句的主语用代词充当。基本原则是"前否后肯,前肯后否"。
1. 陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句
(1)陈述句部分谓语动词含有must时,must如表示"必须",反意问句用mustn’t,如表示"必要",则用needn’t;
如mustn’t表示"不允许,禁止",其反意问句部分用must或may。
?You must get to school at 8 a.m.,mustn’t you?你必须早上八点到学校,是吗?
?We must start working right now,needn’t we?我们立即开始工作了,是吗?
?You mustn’t smoke here,must/may you?你不能在这里吸烟,是吧?
(2)当must表示推测,作"一定,准是"讲时,反意问句部分根据must后的谓语动词形式及含义采用相应的动词形式。
?You must be tired,aren’t you?你一定很累,是吗?
?He must have done it last night,didn’t he?他一定是昨天晚上做的,是吗?
?Tom must have been to Shanghai before,hasn’t he?汤姆以前去过上海,是吗?
2. 陈述部分含有used to和ought to的反意疑问句
(1) 陈述部分谓语动词是used to时, 用didn’t或usedn’t两种方式反问。
?He used to go swimming in summer, didn’t/usedn’t he?他过去常常在夏天游泳,是吗?
(2) 陈述部分谓语动词是ought to时, 用oughtn’t或shouldn’t反问。
?He ought to be praised for what he has done, oughtn’t/shouldn’t he?
他应该为他所做的一切而受到表扬,是吗?
3. 当陈述部分有neither,none,nobody,nothing,few,little,never,hardly,seldom等否定意义或半否定
意义的副词时,反意问句应用肯定形式。
?Nobody understood his speech,did they?没有人听懂他的演讲,是吗?
?His sister seldom argues with people,does she?他姐姐很少和人争论,是吗?
注意 
陈述部分出现含有否定意义的前缀或后缀的词时,反意问句仍用否定结构。
?He is unfit for his job,isn’t he?他不适合这份工作,对吗?
?You dislike playing computer games,don’t you?你不喜欢玩电脑游戏,是吗?
4. 含有宾语从句的反意疑问句
当陈述部分带有宾语从句时,疑问部分的主语与助动词应和主句保持一致。
?He never said she would come,did he?他从未说过她要来,是吗?
注意 
①当陈述部分谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine且主语为第一人称时,疑问部分的主语
和谓语动词均应和宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致,且应注意否定转移;但如果主语不是第一人称,反
意问句则与主句保持一致。
?I don’t believe he will succeed, will he?我认为他不会成功,他会吗?
?We think they have finished their homework, haven’t they?我们认为他们已完成了家庭作业,不是吗?
?Mary thinks you will come to the party, doesn’t she?玛丽认为你将来参加聚会,是吗?
②并列句的反意疑问句则根据最接近的分句来完成。
?We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, will you?
我们忘了带票,请让我们进去,可以吗?
5. 陈述部分谓语动词是dare,need时,如果作情态动词,用dare,need本身反问;如果作实义动词,则用
do的适当形式反问。
?You daren’t climb the rock, dare you?你不敢爬上这块石头,是吗?
?The little girl doesn’t dare to go alone at night, does she?小女孩不敢走夜路,是吗?
?We need to help them, don’t we?我们需要帮助他们,是吗?
6. 陈述部分谓语动词have作"有"解时,可用don’t或haven’t反问;作其他意义解释时用do的某种形式
反问。
?He hasn’t any sisters, does/has he?他没有姐妹,是吗?
They have to receive strict training beforehand, don’t they?他们不得不事先接受严格的训练,是吗?
7. 感叹句的反意疑问句
陈述部分是感叹句时,一律用be或助动词的否定形式反问。
?What a naughty boy he is, isn’t he?多调皮的男孩啊,不是吗?
?How hard she works,doesn’t she?她工作多么勤奋,不是吗?
8. 祈使句的反意疑问句
祈使句的反意疑问句的构成,必须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其反意部分,有四种形式。
(1)祈使句的肯定形式,其反意问句表示"请求"时,通常用will you;表示"邀请,劝说"时,用won’t you。
?Be sure to write to us,will you?一定要给我们写信,好吗?(表示"请求")
?Come to have dinner with us this evening,won’t you?今晚跟我们一起吃饭,好吗?(表示"邀请")
?Try to be back by two,won’t you?设法两点之前回来,好吗?(表示"劝说")
9. 反意疑问句的回答
反意疑问句的回答,不是根据汉语习惯来确定用yes还是no,而是根据答语的内容来确定,不管主句为否定,还是反意问句为否定,回答时只看所提到的事情是否已/会发生。如果发生了,用肯定回答,否则用否定回答。要特别注意陈述部分是否定结构,反意问句部分用肯定形式时,回答的yes要译成"不",no要译成"是的"。
?—He likes playing football,doesn’t he?他喜欢踢足球,不是吗?
—Yes, he does.不,他喜欢。
—No, he doesn’t.是的,他不喜欢。
?—You haven’t seen the film,have you?你没有看过这部电影,是吗?
—Yes, I have.不,我看过。
—No, I haven’t.是的,我没有看过。
10. 陈述部分主语和反意问句主语的对应关系
在反意问句中,代词用人称代词I,we,you,he,she,it或they,谓语动词用助动词、情态动词或be动词。
?You wouldn’t like to take these pills, would you?你不想吃这些药,是吗?
?His father can’t name the plant, can he?他父亲叫不出这种植物的名字,是吗?
?You like traveling, don’t you?你喜欢旅游,是吗?
?This is very important, isn’t it?这非常重要,是吗?
典例剖析
(2018·北京卷·单项填空)In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.
A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed
【答案】A

误区点拨
1.must后接完成式,若表示对过去情况的推测,附加问句中动词用didn’t;若表示对已完成情况的推测,用haven’t或hasn’t。

6. __________ yourself with positive people who know the importance of confidence and you will keep focused on what you can do instead of what you can’t.
A. Surrounding B. Surrounded
C. Surround D. Having surrounded
【答案】C
【解析】考查祈使句。句意:让你自己身边围绕着懂得自信的重要性的乐观的人,你就会一直关注于你能做的事而不是你不能做的。本题为"祈使句+and/or+陈述句",故本题应用动词原形。故选C项。
7. Sharon ranked third in the singing competition. You can’t imagine __________ progress she has made.
A. how amazing B. what amazing
C. how amazing a D. what an amazing
【答案】B

8. The ground is wet all over, so I’m sure it must have rained last night, __________ it?
A. hasn’t B. didn’t
C. mustn’t D. wasn’t
【答案】B
【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意:地全是湿的,因此我肯定昨晚一定下过雨,是不是? It must have rained last night表示对过去的情况进行推测,句中有明确的过去时间状语,故反意疑问句根据陈述部分谓语的情况用didn’t it。


专家押题
I. 单项填空填空
1.— The authority concerned must have taken stricter measures to ensure traffic safety next year, ________it?
—Yes, definitely.
A. didn’t B. mustn’t
C. hasn’t D. won’t
【答案】C

2.It was the first time ______ I ______ face to face with the president.
A. when; had come B. that; have come
C. when; came D. that; had come
【答案】D
【解析】考查强调句型和时态。句意为:这是我第一次和总统面对面。此处为强调句型,其基本结构为:it+be+被强调部分+that+其余部分,由前面的"was the first time"判断此处用过去完成时。
3.It was in 1969 ______ two Americans went to the moon by spaceship.
A. when B. that
C. at that time D. just then
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句型。句意为:两个美国人是在1969年乘坐宇宙飞船登上月球的。此处为强调句型,其基本结构为:it+ is/was +被强调部分+that+其余部分。
4.When you meet danger in a foreign land, do not give up! Please remember, at you back ______ a strong
motherland.
A. does stand B. stands
C.is standing D.is stood
【答案】B
【解析】考查倒装句。句意为:当你在外国遇到危险时,请记住在你的身后有一个强大的祖国做后盾。介词短语作地点状语位于句首,且谓语动词为stand,sit,lie,come,walk等,采用完全倒装语序。
5.We were walking quickly because she just wanted to get home, and _______.
A.so did I B.so I did
C.I did so D. did I so
【答案】A
【解析】考查倒装。句意为:我们走得快是因为她想快点到家,我也是。so+助动词/be动词+主语表示第一个人的情况也适用于第二个人。
6.Just as Oprah Winfrey puts it, _________thankful for what you have and you’ll end up having more.
A.be B. being
C.to be D. having been
【答案】A
【解析】考查祈使句。句意:正如Oprah Winfrey所说的那样,对你所拥有的心存感激,最后你将会拥有得更多。祈使句+and+陈述句意为"……,你将会……",表示一种正面的结果。
7.Only when _________hard __________ make your dream come true.
A.do you work; you can B. you work; you can
C.do you work; can you D. you work; can you
【答案】D