课件57张PPT。Module 6
The World's Cultural Heritage1. To learn how to use the subjunctive
2. To learn how to use adverbials of place, condition and concession. 定义: 用来表示说的话不是事实, 或者是不可能发生的情况, 而是一 种愿望、建议、假设的语气叫虚拟语气。虚拟语气用于宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中,构成往往是由“should+动词原形”构成的that从句。一、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用1. 表示要求, 命令, 建议的虚拟语气。常见动词: 一个坚持, 两个命令, 三个建
议,四个要求。
一坚持:insist
二命令:order, command
三建议:advise, suggest, recommend
四要求:require, request, demand, desire
should + 动词原形,或者将should省略。e.g. The driver demanded that all the
passengers ______________ (show) their
tickets to him.?
Lucy insisted that she ___________ (go)
abroad. (should) show(should) gosuggest that...中的that从句并非总用虚拟语气。表示“建议做某事”,用虚拟语气;表示“表明,暗示……”,则不用虚拟语气。
insist表示“坚持某种说法”时,后面的从句不用虚拟语气。
e.g. Her red face suggests that she is a little
shy. 她红红的脸蛋暗示她有点儿害羞。
He insisted that he was right.
他坚持声称他是对的。Jane's pale face suggested that _____________, and her parents suggested that she ____________ a medical examination.
简苍白的脸色暗示她生病了,她父母建议她做一下医疗检查。she was ill(should) have2. wish
宾语从句过去:
现在:
将来:动词过去式(be的过去式用were) had +?过去分词 would/could/might + v. I wish I _____ (be) a bird. (现在)
I wish I ____________ (make) such a mistake. (过去)
We wish our parents _______________ (punish) us. (将来)werehadn’t madewouldn’t punish1) 我们建议Tom 去休息一下。
2) 他坚决要求我到场。We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.
He insisted that I (should )be present.翻译:3) 国王命令明天对囚犯实施死刑。
4) 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。The king ordered that the prisoners (should) be killed the next day.
They requested that we (should) send them to work there.3. 虚拟语气在would rather后宾语从句中的用法e.g. He’d rather his children ________ (don’t) make so much noise.
I’d rather you ________ (come) again the day after tomorrow.
________________________________.
我希望你没有那样做过。did notcameI’d rather you had not done that二、虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法1. 表示与现在事实相反的情况
e.g. If there _______ no air or water, there __________ no living things on the earth.
如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)
2. 表示与过去事实相反的情况
e.g. If I _________ there earlier, I
_____________________her.
如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。
(事实:去晚了) werewould behad gotshould/ could have met3. 表示对将来情况的主观推测
e.g. If there ________ a heavy snow next
Sunday, we ______________________.
如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。(事实:下雪可能性很小)
____________________ here tomorrow, I _____________ to him.
如果他明天来这儿的话, 我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小) werewould not go skatingIf he should comewould talkIf she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.
如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。(事实:来的可能性很小) 假设条件虚拟倒装
条件从句中有should, were, had三个助动
词可以把if省略, 并将这三个词提至句首。
1. If I were you, I would give it up.
___________, I would give it up.
2. If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.
________________________, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.Were I youWere it not for your advice3. If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.
______________, I would have run round that lake again.
4. If there should be a flood, what should we do?
_____________________, what should we do?Had I had timeShould there be a flood可以用介词短语代替条件从句:
1. Without your help, we shouldn’t have succeeded. (= If it hadn’t been for your help,...)
2. But for the storm, we would have arrived earlier. (= If it hadn’t been for the storm,...)3. I am busy now; otherwise I would go
with you.
=If I were not busy now, I…4. I was busy; otherwise I would have
given you more help.
=If I hadn’t been busy, I…三、主语从句的虚拟语气It is +(表愿望、建议、命令、要求、惊讶、怀疑、不满等意义的)形容词/过去分词/名词?+?从句”结构中,从句的谓语动词常用“(should +)动词原形”
it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的that从句,从句中谓语动词的形式为should do,should可以省略。1. It is+过去分词+that...(should) do...
常见的此类过去分词有: suggested, ordered, desired, proposed, recommended, requested, required, demanded等
2. It is important/necessary/natural/ strange/a pity/no wonder, etc.+ that sb (should) do ...e.g. 要求学生在学校必须穿校服。
It is required that the students _______________ school uniforms at school.?
据提议应该在下次会议上考虑这件事情。
It is proposed that this matter ________________________ at the next meeting.?(should) wear(should) be considered四、表语从句的虚拟语气(表示提议、建议、命令、要求等的)名词+be + that+主语+(should+)动词原形
常见的此类名词有:
advice, demand, order, proposal, request, suggestion, requirement, recommendation等e.g. My suggestion is that we ____________ (try) our best to help the refugees in the earthquakes.?
The doctor’s advice was that you _________________ (give up) smoking.?(should) try(should) give up五、同位语从句的虚拟语气(表示提议、建议、命令、要求的)名词+that+主语+(should+)动词原形。
常见的此类名词有:
advice, demand, order, proposal, request, suggestion, requirement, recommendation等
e.g. The captain has given orders that it
(should) be done.
My suggestion is that we (should) send a
few students to help the other groups.六、虚拟语气的特殊句式1. 在as if / though引导的方式状语从句中,谓语动词常用虚拟语气,其形式与wish后宾语从句的谓语动词用法差不多。
e.g. You treat the elderly as if / though
they were your parents.
He behaved as if / though nothing
had happened.2.?在It is (high / about) time后的定语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气,多用过去式,意为“该干……了”。
e.g. It is high time that we took measures
to protect these endangered animals.
It is time that you made up your
mind.3. 在if only(但愿,要是……就好了)引导的感叹句中,谓语动词常用虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式与wish后宾语从句的谓语动词用法相同。
e.g. If only our teacher were here!
If only we hadn’t telephoned him
in advance.
If only the rain would stop!Rewrite the sentences with the words in the box.demand insist propose request suggest1. “The government must do something!” said the professor.The professor demanded that the
government do something about it.UNESCO insisted that the site be
repaired as it was very serious.2. “The site must be repaired-this is very serious!” said UNESCO.The Academy proposed that the
general public get involved.3. “We think it is a good idea that the general public get involved,” said the Academy.The professor requested some money.4. “Could you give us some money?” asked the professor.Someone from the Academy suggested
that a fund be started to raise money.5. “Why don’t we start a fund to raise money?” said someone from the Academy.在复合句中起状语作用的从句叫状语从句。按其意义可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、比较、目的、结果、方式等类别。不同的状语从句是由不同的连接词引导的,因此,要掌握状语从句的用法,记住连接词尤为重要。本模块我们主要复习地点、条件、让步和时间状语从句。状语从句1. 地点状语从句。常由连词where (在…… 地方), wherever (无论……在哪里) 和anywhere (无论哪里,任何地方), everywhere (到处, 任何地方)等引导。 e.g. _______there is a will, there is a way.
有志者事竟成。
Put it ______we can all see it.
把它放在我们都看得见的地方。 Wherewhere【高考真题改编】
1) ________ (Where / When) he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.??
2) Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn't get a taxi _______ (where / wherever) the bus had dropped her.??? Wherewhere2. 条件状语从句。通常由连词if, unless (除非),in case (万一,如果),as so long as (只要),supposing supposed (假设),provided providing (that) (假如),on condition that (如果),given that(假设)等以及only if 和if only等引导。e.g. I won’t go to the party unless I’m invited.
除非我被邀请, 否则我不会去参加晚会的。
In case you need something, please don’t hesitate to let me know.
如果你需要什么东西, 请对我说, 不要客气。【高考真题改编】
1) You won't find paper cutting difficult
_________ (as long as / as soon as) you
keep practicing it.
2) It is so cold that you can't go outside
_______ (if / unless) fully covered in
thick clothes.
3) I'll be out for some time. ________ (In
case / As if ) anything important
happens, call me up immediately.?
as long asunlessIn case3. 让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句的连词较多, 常见的有:
① 由even if/even though引导, 意为“即使”。如:
He will come on time even though it rains. 即使下雨, 他还是会准时来的。
Even though you do not like it, you must do it. 即使你不喜欢这工作,你也得做。② how/what/who/which…+ ever = no matter how/what/who/which…引导,意为“无论……”。如:
He can answer the question however hard it is. 不管问题有多难他都能回答。
No matter what/whatever you may do, do it well. 不论你做什么, 好好地做。
Whichever side wins, I shall be satisfied. 不论哪一边胜, 我都高兴。③ 由though/although/while/as引导,意为“虽然, 尽管”。如:
Though they may not succeed, they will still try.
即使他们可能不会成功,但他们仍努力尝试。Although my uncle is old, he looks very strong and healthy. 我的叔叔虽然老了, 但他看上去还是很健壮。
While I like the color of the hat, I do not like its shape.
我虽然喜欢这顶帽子的颜色, 但却不喜欢它的样式。④ whether… or… 引导的让步状语从句,意为“不管;无论”。如:
I shall go, whether you come with me or stay at home. 不论你来还是留在家中, 我都要去。
Whether we help him or not, he will fail. 不论我们帮助他与否, 他都将失败。【高考真题改编】
1) ________ (Because / Though) scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don't know.?
2) ________ (While / Since) the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp.?
3) ________ (After / Although) the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience is worth it.?? Though While Although 4) ____________ (Even though / In case) the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.
5) He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son ________ (even if / as if) he wants to.
6) One can always manage to do more things, no matter ______ (how / what) full one's schedule is in life.???? Even though even if how 注意:① as/though引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序。如:
Young as he is, he works hard.
他虽年轻但努力工作。Teacher as he is, he is not capable of teaching all subjects.
虽然他是老师, 但是不能教所有的科目。
Much as I like it, I don’t want to buy it.
我很喜欢这东西,但并不想买它。用于让步状语从句 (将表语,动词或副词状语提前)形容词
名词(前无冠词) 系动词
分词 + 表让步:as(或though) +主语+ 情态动词
动词 助动词
副词 谓语动词Strange though it may seem, the tallest boy is the youngest.
=Although it may seem strange, the tallest boy is the youngest.② 在if, unless等引导的条件状语从句和某些让步状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。如:
If weather permit, we will go to the park tomorrow. 如果天气好的话,明天我们去公园。
Keep calm, whatever happens. 无论发生什么事都要保持冷静。选用方框内合适的连词补全下面对话(每项限用一次)。if where while no matter howA
Linda:?What do you think of Neil's painting?
Gary:? ________ I really don't like art, I find his work impressive. While B
Daughter:?Mom, what did your doctor say?
Mom:? He advised me to live _______
the air is fresher.
C
Lily:? It was so hot yesterday that my
brother slept in the yard last night.
Larry:?Really? But ______________ hot it is,
I don't like to sleep out. It's easy to
catch cold.no matter how whereif where while no matter howD
Son:? Dad, why do some birds sleep in
trees without a nest?
Dad:? Well, most birds find it safe to sleep
in trees, but ___ they have eggs or
young chicks, they will use a nest.
Son: Oh, I see. if if where while no matter how选用括号内合适的内容补全下面句子。
1. Alex was about halfway through his meal ________ (where / when) he heard a familiar voice.
2. ________ (As / Though) he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.?
3. If you are traveling ________ (what / where) the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.?when? ????Though?where?4. You will fail to arrive there in time ________ (while / unless) you start earlier.
5. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ________ (until / since) we have actually had that lesson.
6. ________ (Even if / In case) you saw him pick up the money, you can't be sure he stole it.unless?until?Even if?1. Review Grammar.
2. Finish the exercises in the workbook.