第二讲句群精读，活用方法，稳抓保分题目
通过第一步的通览文章，明白了文章大意、内容梗概后，接下来便是精读文章，做题的过程。完形填空80%以上的题目都是基础题目，也就是上文提到的句内、句组层次题。对于这些题目，使用“题文齐读法”在文章的通读环节可预判解答一部分，但这些题目最终答案的确定则需要精读文章，做到解题有理有据、有法可依。
句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接做答。对于此类题目，考生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。
方法1 利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题
完形填空中经常会考查一些习惯搭配、固定结构和固定句式，这时考生就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。
[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I was 43.thrilled! I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to 44.meet. The bay was __45__ in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore.
45．A.bathed B．clean
C．deep D．formed
[分析] 选A 本题可以利用习惯搭配解题。此处意为“海湾沐浴在阳光中”，be bathed in为固定搭配，表示“沐浴在……中”。
方法2 利用生活常识和文化背景解题
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。
[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Getting a little 46.closer,_I realized one kayak (皮划艇) was in 47.trouble. “Something's not 48.right！” I took off my T?shirt and __49__ into the water. I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was 50.shaking violently. Linking arms with one of the instructors, I helped __51__ the young man out of the water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something 52.occurred to me. Those brown eyes were very 53.familiar. “What's his name？” I asked the instructor. “Ben，” he replied, and immediately I 54.knew. That stranger was my son!
49．A.stared B．sank
C．dived D．fell
51．A.lead B．persuade
C．carry D．keep
[分析] 49.选C 51.选C 这两道题可以利用生活常识和文化背景解题。根据生活常识，第49题我注意到一个皮划艇出了意外情况，我自然是脱掉T恤衫，“跳进”水里救人，dive意为“跳水”；第51题作者和一位教练双臂连接，两个人一起应该是将这个不省人事的年轻人“抬”出了水面，用carry表示“抬”。
方法3 利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。
[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Teresa 56.posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website 57.accompanied by the touching words：“What a 58.blessing this young man was to our family! He was so __59__ and kind to do this.”
59．A.smart B．calm
C．sweet D．fair
[分析] 选C 本题可以利用对应成分分析法解题。
从上述分析可以看出，第59题与kind形成对应关系。因为有and这一并列连词，并且and前后意思应该一致，表示“他做这件事真是太友好和善良了”。故选C。
方法4 利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
[典例] (2016·全国卷Ⅲ) We went 10?1 and I was named most valuable player, __28__ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller's 29.accident.
28．A.and B．then
C．but D．thus
[分析] 选C 本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。本空考查连词。连词的作用就是将其前后文的已知信息衔接起来，因此可以利用逻辑关系来解题，即通过分析该未知填空前后文的已知信息的逻辑关系来确定本题应该填入表达何种逻辑关系的连词。
通过上述分析得知本空前后文的已知信息是明显的转折关系，因此答案是but。and表示并列关系；then表示顺承关系；thus表示因果关系。
方法5 利用语境暗示分析法解题
上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The instructors called for an ambulance. __55__， after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to __56__ and later the family met up for dinner.
55．A.Fortunately B．Frankly
C．Sadly D．Suddenly
56．A.return B．relax
C．speak D．leave
[分析] 55.选A 56.选D 这两道题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据下文的“after a brief stay in hospital”，“well enough”和“later the family met up for dinner” 这些暗示中我们可知Ben“很幸运”，“被允许出院”。
句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
方法1 利用语义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。
[典例1] (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say “sorry, 41.wrong number！” and move on. But when Dennis Williams __42__ a text that clearly wasn't intended for him, he did something 43.special.
42．A.received B．translated
C．copied D．printed
[分析] 选A 本题可以利用语义复现解题。第42空是上文“get”的同义词复现，故选A项。
[典例2] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.I myself went through this __41__ process and found something that has changed my 42.experience at college for the better: I discovered ASL — American Sign Language (美式手语)．
41．A.searching B．planning
C．natural D．formal
[分析] 选A 本题可以利用语义复现解题。第41空是上文“explore”的近义词复现，故选A项。
方法2 利用作者态度或感彩关联解题
在高考完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. He'd moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I'd 41.last seen him. So imagine my __42__ when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.
42．A.delight B．relief
C．anger D．worry
[分析] 选A 本题可以利用作者态度或感彩关联解题。前文提到作者已经13年没见过自己的儿子了，因此当儿子发来邮件说他想来看望作者时，作者应该是感到高兴(delight)，故A项符合语境。
方法3 利用逻辑关系解题
在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。
[典例] (2016·全国卷Ⅱ) Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device (装置) on your desk.And they've never actually 41.met you.Everything they know about you 42.came through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away.__43__ they feel they can know you 44.just from the sound of your voice.That's how powerful the 45.telephone is.
43．A.Thus B．Yet
C．Then D．Indeed
[分析] 选B 本题是典型的考查上下文逻辑关系的题目，可以利用逻辑关系解题。
通过上述对本空前后文已知信息的分析，能够发现上下文之间是明显的转折关系，因此答案可以确定为选项B.Yet。thus“因此”；then“随后”；indeed“的确，确实”。
方法4 利用语境暗示分析法解题
在句组层次题中，有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)On March 19, Dennis got a group text 44.informing him that a couple he didn't know were at the hospital, waiting for the __45__ of a baby.
“Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken，” Dennis 46.responded. The baby was born and update texts were 47.coming_in quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa.
45．A.wake?up B．recovery
C．growth D．arrival
[分析] 选D 本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据下文“The baby was born”这一暗示信息可知，一对夫妇正在等待宝贝的降临，因此选arrival“到来，降临”。
[课堂应用体验]
Most people say “I'm sorry” many times a day for a host of trivial (琐碎的) things.These apologies are easy and usually readily __1__， often with a response like, “No problem.” __2__， when “I'm sorry” are the words needed to right truly hurtful words or acts, they can be the hardest ones to __3__.And even when an apology is offered with the best of intentions, it can be seriously __4__ by the way in which it is worded.A poorly worded apology can __5__ lasting anger and __6__ an important relationship.
I admit to a lifetime of challenges when it comes to __7__， especially when I thought I was right or __8__.But I recently __9__ that the need for an apology is less about me than the person who is __10__ by something I said or did or failed to do.I also learned that a sincere apology can be extremely __11__ for the recipient (接受者) as well as the __12__.
After learning that a neighbour who seemed __13__ due to my small errors, I wrote a __14__ and apologized for my __15__.I said I wasn't asking for __16__， merely hoping that we could have a harmonious __17__， and then delivered the letter with a jar of my homemade jam.
Expecting nothing __18__， I was greatly relieved when my doorbell rang and the neighbour __19__ me for what I had said and done.I felt as if I'd not only got rid of a(n) __20__ but made a new friend, which is indeed how it played out in the days that followed.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。不找任何借口，带着诚意与尊重为自己的过失道歉，不仅会减少一个敌人，而且会多交一个朋友。
1．A.accepted B．found
C．proved D．remembered
解析：选A 根据该空后的“often with a response like, ‘No problem.’”可知，大多数人每天为各种微不足道的小事说许多次“对不起”，这些道歉容易做到，通常也易于“接受(accepted)”。
2．A.Therefore B．Otherwise
C．However D．Besides
解析：选C 根据上文中的“easy”与下文中的“hardest”的对比可知，该空前后两个句子之间是语义上的转折关系，故However符合语境。
3．A.say B．gain
C．forget D．control
解析：选A 根据该空前的“to right truly hurtful words or acts”可知，但是当“对不起”是为了弥补确实很伤人的话语或行为时，就会成为最难“说(say)”出口的话。
4．A.described B．weakened
C．recorded D．trusted
解析：选B 根据下文中的“poorly worded”与选项中的“weakened”近义词复现可知，即便你是本着最大的善意道歉，也有可能因为措辞不当而被“削弱(weakened)”。
5．A.depend on B．look on
C．take in D．result in
解析：选D 根据上文内容可知，措辞不当的道歉会“导致(result in)”持久的愤怒，也会“破坏(destroy)”一段重要的关系。
6．A.continue B．manage
C．judge D．destroy
解析：选D 参见上题解析。
7．A.lying B．dreaming
C．apologizing D．praising
解析：选C 根据空后“especially when I thought I was right”可知，作者承认“道歉(apologizing)”是人生的一个挑战，尤其是当他认为自己是对的，或被“误解(misunderstood)”时。其中right与misunderstood是并列关系。
8．A.admired B．worried
C．misunderstood D．delighted
解析：选C 参见上题解析。
9．A.discovered B．expected
C．promised D．feared
解析：选A 根据“But”提示和该空前后语境转折可知，“that the need ...failed to do”是作者最近“发现(discovered)”的道理。
10．A.moved B．hurt
C．attracted D．criticized
解析：选B 根据该空后的“by something I said or did or failed to do”可知，被自己所言、所行或未能做到的事“伤害(hurt)”到的人，更需要“我”的道歉。
11．A.simple B．impossible
C．beneficial D．interesting
解析：选C 根据下一段的具体事例可知，真诚的道歉不论对接受者还是“给予者(giver)”而言，都是非常“有好处的(beneficial)”。
12．A.quitter B．giver
C．lover D．rescuer
解析：选B 参见上题解析。上文“recipient”和选项中的“giver”之间是反义词复现关系。
13．A.excited B．puzzled
C．embarrassed D．annoyed
解析：选D 根据该空后的“due to my small errors”以及“apologized for”语境暗示可知，邻居因作者的一些小错误而“感到恼火(annoyed)”。
14．A.letter B．book
C．story D．poem
解析：选A 根据第17空后的“delivered the letter”提示可知，作者写了一封“信(letter)”。此处为原词复现。
15．A.jokes B．mistakes
C．excuses D．decisions
解析：选B 根据第13空后的“small errors”和选项中的“mistakes”之间是同义词复现关系，故作者为自己的“错误(mistakes)”道歉。
16．A.introduction B．suggestion
C．forgiveness D．encouragement
解析：选C 根据该空后的“merely hoping that we could have a harmonious __17__”以及下一段中的“Expecting nothing”可知，作者并不请求“原谅(forgiveness)”。
17．A.occupation B．relationship
C．community D．situation
解析：选B 根据上文可知，因作者的错误破坏了他与邻居之间的关系，那么作者道歉的初衷只是希望保持一种和谐的“关系(relationship)”。
18．A.in total B．in turn
C．in brief D．in return
解析：选D 联系上下文内容可知，作者并不期待任何“回报(in return )”。
19．A.thanked B．changed
C．comforted D．helped
解析：选A 根据该空前的“greatly relieved”可知，邻居“感谢(thanked)”作者所说的话和所做的事。
20．A.worker B．relative
C．neighbour D．enemy
解析：选D 根据该空后的“but”转折可知，该空与“a new friend”形成对比，故enemy符合语境。此处“friend”与“enemy”是反义词复现关系。
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第三讲全篇思读，着眼几点，智取拉分题目
高考担负着区分考生、选拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中总有2～3道这样的较难题目成为考生取得优异成绩的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目错选的原因主要有以下几点：①解题信息比较隐含；②干扰项迷惑性较强；③情感态度较难把握；④惯性思维所致。针对这些题目，考生除了需具备扎实的语言功底外，还应谨慎小心应对。本讲总结了解答完形填空的5大易错点，旨在让考生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成，要三思而判。
易错点1 因缺乏全篇关联思维而错选
语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答，读完全文后综合思维再做判定。
[典例1] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41.jumped_at the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn't want to 42.save a few dollars? ...
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48.job was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49.clear that our credits would be hard?earned. In order to 50.pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51.apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and, 52.eventually,_to our lives. I managed to get an A in that __53__ and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54.classroom.
53. A．game B．presentation
C．course D．experiment
[分析] 选C 本题是典型的语篇层次题，只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案的，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。本题可以利用语义复现解题。本题为原词复现。第一段“was offering a ‘free’ course”中的course是第53空的原词复现，故选C项。
[典例2] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
...
The 46.story began during my first week at college.I watched as the ASL Club 47.performed their translation of a song.Both the hand movements and the very 48.idea of communicating without speaking 49.attracted me.What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50.past.This newness just left me 51.wanting more.
After that, feeling the need to __52__ further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club's meetings.I only learned how to 53.sign the alphabet that day.Yet instead of being discouraged by my 54.slow progress, I was excited.I then made it a point to 55.attend those meetings and learn all I could.
...
52．A.exercise B．explore
C．express D．explain
[分析] 选B 本题是语篇层次题，需要综合空格上一段和空格所在段落来寻找突破口。本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。所节选部分文章发展脉络为：大学第一周我观看了美式手语俱乐部的表演→我被表演所吸引→我想进一步学习更多手语方面的知识→我参加俱乐部的会议。根据文章发展脉络可知，第52题是在作者观看了美式手语俱乐部的表演后感受到了进一步“探索”(explore)的必要。故答案为B项。
易错点2 因不能正确区分形近(义近)词而错选
完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词或义近词让考生辨析，因为词形相近或意义相近，无形中增加了难度，如果考生对这些词掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易选错。
[典例1] (2018·天津高考) I started doing anything I could to help them build a little 25.pride. Most important, I began to treat them like26.winners. That summer, when the other teams enjoyed their 27.vacations,_we met every day and 28.practiced passing and kicking the football.
...
From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can 33.affect the members of a team. Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and 34.encouraged them. I helped them to see themselves __35__， and they built themselves into winners.
35．A.honestly B．individually
C．calmly D．differently
[分析] 选D 四个备选项在形式上非常相似，它们都是副词，部分考生很容易因混淆而失分。联系上句中的“Instead of seeing my boys as losers”以及上文的“treat them like 26.winners”可知，此处是指“我帮他们用不同的方式(differently)看待自己”。honestly“老实地，诚实地”；individually“个人地”；calmly“平静地”。
[典例2] (2017·江苏高考)For a long time Gabriel didn't want to be involved in music at all. In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at the music students, __36__ across the campus with their heavy instrument cases ...
36．A.travelling B．marching
C．pacing D．struggling
[分析] 选D 四个备选项在含义上比较相近，考生很容易因分不清它们的含义而失分。由空前的“look pityingly at the music students”以及空后的“heavy instrument cases”可知，Gabriel同情地看着那些背着重重的乐器箱子、艰难地穿过校园的音乐生，故struggle“艰难地行进”，符合语境。travel“长途行走，旅行”；march“齐步走，行进”；pace“来回踱步，走来走去”。
易错点3 因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选
在最近几年的高考完形填空中，一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是考生容易忽视的地方。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞，造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助考生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。
[典例1] (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Much to the family's surprise, Dennis stuck to his 52.promise! He turned up at the hospital __53__ gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindsey's husband was totally 54.astonished by the unexpected visit. “I don't think we would have randomly invited him over but we 55.appreciate it and the gifts.”
53．A.bearing B．collecting
C．opening D．making
[分析] 选A 本文描述一个叫特蕾莎的老妇人沉浸在为人祖母的喜悦当中，她把小宝贝的照片发给了陌生人丹尼斯，但是丹尼斯却回复短信说他会去医院看望小孩，并与小孩合影。本段主要描述特蕾莎一家没有想到丹尼斯真的来到医院，还带来了礼物，她们非常感动。bear是一个多义词，用作动词，最常见的意思为“承受，忍受”，除此之外还有“承担(责任)；支撑，承受(重量)；显示；带有；携带；生(孩子)；开(花)；结(果实)”等。根据语境，在此意为“携带”。
[典例2] (2018·浙江高考)One day I 46.met a former classmate of mine who was47.making a lot of money running a sideline (副业)．Since his regular job was48.boring,_I asked him why he just didn't do his sideline full?time.He said without the job, he would__49__ have too much time and would just do what I did back in 50.college. He said that if he51.quit the job, he would lose his52.drive to work and succeed.
49．A.luckily B．hardly
C．hopefully D．simply
[分析] 选D 根据句意可知，他说如果没有那份工作，他确实会有很多时间。simply“确实，简直”。此处simply这个词属于熟词生义，我们比较熟悉它的义项是：简单地，简朴地。
易错点4 因词汇理解障碍而错选
在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些考生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从而造成考生错选。对于这些词汇，考生在平时必须引起重视，背熟记熟。
[典例1] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
...
The following term, I __56__ an ASL class. The professor was deaf and any talking was __57__. I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.58.Instead,_if there had been any talking, it would have 59.caused us to learn less.Now, I appreciate the silence and the 60.new way of communication it opens.
56．A.missed B．passed
C．gave up D．registered for
57．A.prohibited B．welcomed
C．ignored D．repeated
[分析] 56.选D 57.选A 后文的语境中介绍了ASL课堂上教授的情况(教授是个失聪的人)以及在课堂上作者的感悟，由此可判断作者在下学期报名参加了这门课程。故第56题应选择D项，register for表示“登记，报名参加(课程)”。文中两次出现的“silence”以及“if there had been any talking, it would have 59.caused us to learn less”都表明，在手语课上任何谈话都是被禁止的，故第57题选择A项，prohibit表示“禁止”。此部分选项中的register for和prohibit都是考生相对陌生的考纲词汇，所以一些考生会因为词汇积累不够，又不能有效地利用上下文中的提示而失分。
[典例2] (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)A Toronto man is offering a free round?the?world air ticket to the right woman. But __41__apply. You must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian 42.passport.
41．A.benefits B．deposits
C．restrictions D．examinations
[分析] 选C 该选段是文章第一段。空后介绍这位能够获得免费环游世界机票的女士的名字必须是Elizabeth Gallagher，而且必须持有加拿大护照。这些都是限制条件。故选择C项，restriction表示“限制规定”。restriction也在考纲之内，许多考生却因不熟悉这个词汇而造成误选。benefit“优势，好处”；deposit“订金，押金”；examination“检查，考试”。
易错点5 因惯性思维而错选
在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如考生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令考生出现一些思维定式现象，即不善于思考，考虑问题不全面，导致误解一些题目，从而抑制思维能力的发展。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况：
(1)学习单词时受到的思维定式影响
有些考生学习英语单词过于简单化，仅记其中文意思，而不深刻理解其实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。例如：表示“成功做某事”，不可以用succeed to do sth.来表达。
(2)学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响
例如：学习了wait for这个词组以后，有的考生在做题过程中只要碰到wait，后面要接介词时就毫不犹豫地选择for。但在“He stopped his car to wait at the red light.”中就不用for。
[典例1] (2017·北京高考)One day, when she was five years old, she was walking with her mother in downtown Winnipeg. They saw a man __36__ out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that, and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry.
36．A.jumping B．eating
C．crying D．waving
[分析] 选B 受思维习惯的影响，考生易误选A项，因为jump out of 是常见搭配。但根据下文的“the man was homeless and hungry”可知，她们看见一个人在垃圾桶里捡东西吃。故选B。
[典例2] (2016·北京高考)__41__ January 26, Billy and three other children had died.
41．A.From B．On
C．By D．After
[分析] 选C 受思维习惯的影响，考生可能会根据“在具体的某一天前用介词on”而误选B项。因为句子的谓语使用的是过去完成时，因此应用by。“by＋时间”与完成时连用，后跟过去的时间时，用过去完成时；跟将来的时间时，用将来完成时。句意：截至1月26日，Billy和其他三个孩子都去世了。
[课堂应用体验] (铺阴影的题目为易错题)
Our younger son, Tim, was in his senior year of high school.Every student is madly trying to get good __1__ and complete college applications.There was an essay he had to write and the __2___was drawing near.We're good parents.We do our best at keeping our___3__ shut — whenever possible.Tim knew what he should do, but he had a tendency to __4__ anything.Weekend homework was never done until Sunday night, no matter how much free time there might have been.
I knew I shouldn't __5__ him, but I really worried.So I said in an offhand (随便的) way, “By the way, Tim, have you worked on that essay you're __6__ to do？” Tim, in his __7__ way, looked at me and said, “Mom, your anxiety is not going to make me get it done any faster” — a line that has been __8__ in family memory forever.Tim hit on something that seems __9__ truer today than when he first said it.Our anxiety doesn't make us faster or more efficient. __10__， it simply makes us more anxious.
It seems so __11__， and yet, something I easily forget.When I closed my eyes on the subway train, my anxiety was the first thing to __12__.It was surprisingly loud: “You need to do this! Have you worried about that? What about that？” I __13__ to open my eyes quickly, take out my phone and send an email __14__ put down something in my calendar.I forgot I should deal with my anxiety rather than be __15__ by it.
We should keep our anxiety under __16__.How can we have the courage to face __17__ if we worry about this and that? When our anxiety comes up, we should keep our eyes closed and say to ourselves that __18__ will be much better and we can make it through.As long as we __19__ dealing with anxiety every day, it will become less and less till it disappears __20__.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者的儿子在读高三，处在努力拼搏的阶段。面对孩子的拖沓，作者感到焦虑。但她儿子的话让她明白焦虑解决不了问题，我们必须学会努力克服焦虑。
1.A.grades B．comments
C．salaries D．jobs
解析：选A 根据上文“Our younger son, Tim, was in his senior year of high school.”及下文“complete college applications”可知，作者的儿子Tim在读高三，每一位学生都在努力取得好成绩并完成大学申请。grade此处意为“成绩”，还可表示“年级，等级，级别”等意思。
2．A.competition B．meeting
C．deadline D．celebration
解析：选C 根据下文内容可知，作者的儿子有一篇文章要写，截止日期马上要到了。deadline意为“最后期限，截止日期”。
3．A.eyes B．hearts
C．doors D．mouths
解析：选D 根据下文“Tim knew what he should do”可知，作者和丈夫知道在可能的情况下要尽力闭嘴，因为Tim知道自己应该做什么。
4.A.worry about B．put off
C．note down D．figure out
解析：选B 根据下文“Weekend homework was never done until Sunday night ...”可知，无论有多少空闲时间，作者的儿子总是直到周日晚上才开始写周末作业。故作者的儿子有拖沓的倾向。put off常意为“推迟，延期，阻碍”，而此处意为“拖沓”。
5．A.blame B．confuse
C．urge D．help
解析：选C 根据下文“but I really worried.So I said in an offhand (随便的) way, ‘By the way, Tim, have you worked on that essay you're ________ to do？’”可知，作者不想催促Tim，但她很着急。所以用了一种随便的方式去问他。
6．A.allowed B．supposed
C．advised D．forced
解析：选B 根据上文第一段“There was an essay he had to write”可知，作者是在问Tim开始写他应该完成的文章了吗。
7．A.wise B．new
C．simple D．strange
解析：选A 根据下文“Mom, your anxiety is not going to make me get it done any faster”可知，作者的儿子告诉她，她的焦虑并不能使他做得更快。因此他是用一种睿智的方式回应作者。
8.A.repeated B．preserved
C．copied D．ignored
解析：选B 作者儿子的话永远保存在了家庭的记忆中。preserve“保存”，符合语境。
9．A.yet B．even
C．ever D．never
解析：选B Tim富有哲理的话在今天更有道理。因为随着时间的推移，作者对焦虑有了更深的感悟。
10.A.Fortunately B．Partly
C．Actually D．Originally
解析：选C 四个备选项在形式上非常相似，都是副词，考生容易混淆而失分。根据上文“Our anxiety doesn't make us faster or more efficient.”及下文“it simply makes us more anxious.”可知，我们的焦虑不会使我们做事更快或更有效率。事实上(actually)，这只会使我们更焦虑。fortunately“幸运地”；partly“一定程度上”；originally“原来，起初”。
11．A.easy B．natural
C．terrible D．obvious
解析：选D 根据下文“and yet, something I easily forget.”可知，这个道理很明显，但仍然被作者轻易地忘了。
12．A.speak B．act
C．remember D．lose
解析：选A 根据下文“It was surprisingly loud: ‘You need to do this！”可知，当作者在地铁上闭上眼睛的时候，焦虑会第一个浮现在脑海，开始跟她“讲话”。
13.A.managed B．refused
C．used D．agreed
解析：选C 本题属于语篇层次题，需放眼全篇才能解答。根据下文最后一段“When our anxiety comes up, we should keep our eyes closed”可知，在这种情况下，作者以前会立刻睁开眼睛，拿出电话发邮件或者在日程表上记下一些东西，但现在不会这样做了。
14．A.or B．unless
C．after D．before
解析：选A 参见上题解析。
15．A.bothered B．reminded
C．attracted D．hurt
解析：选A 根据上文“I forgot I should deal with my anxiety”可知，作者忘记了她应该去应对焦虑，而不是被焦虑所困扰。
16．A.observation B．protection
C．control D．pressure
解析：选C 根据下文可知，我们应该控制好我们的焦虑。
17．A.opportunities B．realities
C．others D．difficulties
解析：选D 如果我们担心这个，担心那个，那么我们如何有勇气能够面对困难呢？
18．A.something B．anything
C．nothing D．everything
解析：选D 根据下文“and we can make it through”可知，我们应该告诉自己一切都会变得更好，我们能够渡过难关。
19．A.mind B．practise
C．enjoy D．finish
解析：选B 只要我们每天练习应对焦虑，那么焦虑会变得越来越小。
20．A.quickly B．exactly
C．apparently D．completely
解析：选D 根据上文“it will become less and less”可知，焦虑会变得越来越小，直到完全消失。
文体分类练(一) 记叙文 A卷
A
(2018·广州模拟)Grady threw down his backpack and slammed the car door shut.
“This is going to be a really __1__ week，” he said unhappily to no one __2__. He looked around the campground. Hundreds of blue?green fir trees, some as tall as church towers, __3__ the mountainside, giving it the appearance of a lush green carpet. The sun would be setting soon. Then, Grady thought, maybe the __4__ wouldn't feel so bad. Even up here in the __5__， the hot stickiness of July clung to him.
Grady hated camping, but it was something his family __6__ every summer. His father liked cooking over an open fire, telling stories about how to __7__ things like bear attacks and swarms of bees. His mother and younger brother Jared liked to hike and take __8__ of animals. Jared had a collection of bug pictures that he'd __9__ to the walls in his half of their room. Grady thought they were just scary and considered them proof that Jared was a __10__ kid.
They set up camp — two __11__， one for his parents and one for himself and Jared. While everyone else started __12__ dinner, Grady, looking for some place to cool down, set off for the nearby stream, which was deep enough to __13__ in.
As he __14__ the stream, something caught his eye. There was a(n) __15__ black bear cub — no more than two feet tall with a lovely face. It was playing __16__ at the water's edge, __17__ its surroundings. Grady moved closer to get a __18__ look. Then Grady heard a sound behind him. He __19__ his father saying that bear cubs would never be __20__. Then he turned around and saw the cub's mother moving swiftly towards him ...
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是Grady和家人一起露营，由于天气太热，Grady独自一人去找小溪乘凉，却遇到了黑熊的故事。
1．A.long B．interesting
C．peaceful D．risky
解析：选A 根据空后的“unhappily”可知，此处应用long表示这一周会很漫长。long“漫长的”；interesting“有趣的”；peaceful“和平的，平静的”；risky“危险的，冒险的”。
2．A.in advance B．in brief
C．in particular D．in silence
解析：选C 他不高兴地自言自语道：“这将是很漫长的一周。”Grady并没有特别地对某个人说，因此，C项符合语境。in silence“安静地，无声地”。
3．A.blocked B．covered
C．reflected D．scarred
解析：选B 数以百计的蓝绿色冷杉树，有些像教堂塔一样高，覆盖着山坡，使山坡呈现出一个郁郁葱葱的像绿色地毯的外观。从下文的“carpet”可知，数以百计的冷杉树覆盖着山坡。block“阻止，阻塞”；cover“覆盖”；reflect“反射，映出”；scar“结疤，给……留下伤痕”。
4．A.dust B．campground
C．heat D．sun
解析：选C 根据上文中的“The sun would be setting soon.”及下文中的“the hot stickiness of July clung to him”可知，Grady认为太阳下山后就不会那么热了。故C项heat“高温”符合语境。dust“尘土”；campground“野营地”。
5．A.mountain B．river
C．sky D．tower
解析：选A 即使在山上，7月的炎热依旧如影随形。根据上文中的“mountainside”可知，作者的野营地在山上。故选A项。
6．A.believed in B．insisted on
C．came across D．lived through
解析：选B Grady讨厌野营，但是这是他家人每年夏天坚持的事情。根据空前的转折词but可知，Grady的家人和他的想法相反。believe in“相信”；insist on“坚持”；come across“偶遇”；live through“经历过”。故选B项。
7．A.encourage B．explore
C．recognize D．survive
解析：选D 他的父亲喜欢在户外的火上做饭，讲关于如何在类似熊和蜜蜂的攻击下生存下来的故事。根据空后的“bear attacks and swarms of bees”可知，这些故事是关于如何在类似熊和蜜蜂攻击下生存的。survive“幸存，生还”符合语境。encourage“鼓励”；explore“探索”；recognize“认识，认出”。
8．A.care B．control
C．pictures D．examples
解析：选C 根据后一句中的“Jared had a collection of bug pictures”可知，本空指给动物拍照。take pictures of“拍……的照片”，为固定搭配。
9．A.guided B．pinned
C．taken D．thrown
解析：选B 根据空后的“to the walls”可知，这些照片是被钉在墙上的。guide“指导，引导”；pin“(用钉等)钉住”。
10．A.sensitive B．smart
C．tough D．strange
解析：选D 根据语境可知，Grady认为这些(虫子的照片)非常吓人，并且把它们当作证明Jared是一个奇怪的孩子的证据。sensitive“敏感的”；smart“聪明的”；tough“坚强的”；strange“奇怪的”。
11．A.beds B．rooms
C．tents D．plates
解析：选C 根据空前的“camp”可知，此处是搭起两个帐篷。故选C项。
12．A.altering B．hunting
C．ordering D．preparing
解析：选D 根据空后的“dinner”及常识可知，此处表示准备晚餐。alter“改变”；hunt“打猎”；order“点菜”；prepare“准备”。
13．A.dig B．swim
C．hide D．sink
解析：选B 当其他人都在开始准备晚餐的时候，Grady想要寻找清凉的地方，于是动身去附近的小溪。这条小溪足够深，可以在里面游泳。根据本句中的“looking for some place to cool down”可知，Grady想在小溪里游泳凉快一下。
14．A.crossed B．imagined
C．left D．neared
解析：选D 根据上文中的“set off for the nearby stream”可知，Grady朝小溪走去，因此此处表示离小溪越来越近。near“靠近(某地方)”符合语境。
15．A.adorable B．aggressive
C．injured D．large
解析：选A 根据空后的“no more than two feet tall with a lovely face”可知，小黑熊很可爱。adorable“可爱的”；aggressive“侵略性的，好斗的”；injured“受伤的”。故选A项。
16．A.cautiously B．joyfully
C．forcefully D．nervously
解析：选B 小黑熊在水边快乐地玩耍，忽视了它周围的环境。cautiously“小心地，谨慎地”；joyfully“高兴地”；forcefully“强有力地”；nervously“紧张地”。故选B项。
17．A.attacking B．destroying
C．hating D．ignoring
解析：选D 参见上题解析。attack“攻击，进攻”；destroy“破坏”；hate“讨厌”；ignore“忽视，不顾”。
18．A.better B．brighter
C．fixed D．lasting
解析：选A Grady走近了一点，想看得更清楚一些。get a better look“看得更清楚”。
19．A.found B．learned
C．remembered D．misunderstood
解析：选C 这时Grady听到后面传来一阵声音，Grady记起父亲说过熊的幼仔不会单独出行的。find“发现”；learn“学会，了解到”；remember“记得”；misunderstand“误解”。
20．A.alone B．awake
C．cute D．scared
解析：选A 参见上题解析。alone“独自的”；awake“醒着的”；cute“漂亮的，聪明的”；scared“恐惧的，惊恐的”。
B
(2018·成都诊断)When Heather McHugh, a poet, won a ＄500,000 “genius grant” from the MacArthur Foundation, she didn't buy a luxurious car or fly to Paris. __1__， she put the money in the bank and __2__ writing poems.
In 2011, she finally __3__ what to do with it. That year, Heather's godson and his wife __4__ their first child, a beautiful baby girl but severely disabled. “I saw how people's __5__ can change overnight. I started thinking about people in a __6__ situation，” says Heather.
She __7__ there were millions of caregivers taking care of the chronically (慢性地) ill or disabled. So in 2012, Heather __8__ a nonprofit organization offering a seven?day vacation, with all __9__ paid, to people who have been caregivers for at least ten years.
Tricia was one of the first caregivers to go on vacation. When Tricia got a call saying she was offered a __10__ vacation, she couldn't __11__it; disbelief even __12__ her concern about leaving her two kids.
Tricia went, and her favorite parts of the trip were to enjoy the __13__ things. “I got to eat hot food hot and cold food cold. I could go to bed when I wanted to and wake up whenever I chose to，” says Tricia. She was afraid the __14__ would return when the __15__ was over, but to her surprise, it hasn't been back since.
Heather says Tricia's __16__ resembles those of the other ten caregivers she helps every year. “Before the vacation they are so __17__， but the __18__ is so amazing. They reflect and relax. It feels __19__ like another world and gives them a chance to see their lives from another __20__，” she adds.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Heather McHugh利用自己的五十万美元奖金建立一个非营利组织，为照顾慢性病患者和残疾人的护理员提供免费休假，让他们到新的环境中，从不一样的角度来看待他们的人生。
1．A.However B．Therefore
C．Instead D．Besides
解析：选C 根据空处前一句中的“she didn't buy a luxurious car or fly to Paris”可知，在获得了五十万美元的奖金后，她并没有购买汽车或去旅游，反而，她将这些钱存入银行。instead“而是，反而”，符合语境。
2．A.continued B．quitted
C．practiced D．started
解析：选A 她(这位诗人)获奖后，将奖金存进银行，继续(continued)写诗。quit“停止”；practice“实践，训练”。
3．A.thought over B．wondered
C．talked about D．decided
解析：选D 根据下文第三段中的“Heather ________ a nonprofit organization offering a seven?day vacation”可知，此处表示在2011年，她终于决定如何使用这笔钱。decide“决定”，符合语境。think over“仔细考虑”；wonder“想知道，好奇”；talk about“谈到，谈论”。
4．A.held B．welcomed
C．lost D．saved
解析：选B Heather的教子和他的妻子迎来了他们的第一个孩子，那是一个漂亮的女婴，但是有严重的残疾。welcome“迎接”，符合语境。
5．A.feelings B．future
C．lives D．routine
解析：选C 根据语境，并结合上文中提到的Heather的教子和他的妻子生下了一个残疾的女婴可知，Heather看到了人的生活(lives)是如何在一夜之间发生改变的。routine“惯例，常规”。
6．A.different B．similar
C．worse D．better
解析：选B 根据上文提到的Heather的教子和他的妻子生下了一个残疾女婴并且Heather看到了人的生活是如何在一夜之间发生改变的可知，Heather开始关注那些有相似(similar)境遇的人。
7．A.discovered B．claimed
C．admitted D．felt
解析：选A 她发现有数百万照顾慢性病患者和残疾人的护理员。discover“发现”，符合语境。claim“宣称；断言”；admit“承认”；feel“感觉”。
8．A.donated B．found
C．visited D．formed
解析：选D 因此Heather在2012年建立了一个非营利组织，为那些当护理员至少十年的人提供七天免费(free)休假。form“建立，组成”，符合语境。donate“捐赠”；find“发现”；visit“参观”。
9．A.taxes B．salary
C．expenses D．rent
解析：选C 参见上题解析。expense“花费”，符合语境。tax“税”；salary“薪水”；rent“租金”。
10．A.free B．caring
C．short D．long
解析：选A 参见第8题解析。
11．A.believe B．take
C．refuse D．enjoy
解析：选A 根据空后的“disbelief”可知，Tricia不相信她获得了一个免费休假这件事。believe“相信”，符合语境。
12．A.woke B．defeated
C．showed D．moved
解析：选B 根据下一段中的“Tricia went, and her favorite parts of the trip were to enjoy”可知，Tricia接受了免费休假这件事情，由此可知，她对免费休假的怀疑(和向往)打败(defeated)了对于留下孩子们的担忧。wake“醒来”；show“展示”；move“移动”。
13．A.wonderful B．delicious
C．peaceful D．simple
解析：选D 根据空后的“I got to eat hot food hot and cold food cold. I could go to bed when I wanted to and wake up whenever I chose to”可知，Tricia在度假时所做的事情都是很普通、很简单的(simple)事情。wonderful“精彩的，极棒的”；delicious“美味的”；peaceful“平静的，和平的”。
14．A.heaviness B．pain
C．sadness D．disbelief
解析：选A 她担心度假结束后，自己的生活会回归以前的沉闷，但出乎她意料的是后来的生活并没有回到从前。根据上文可知，Tricia是一个护理员，平时的工作都是照顾病人，生活少有放松的时候，故heaviness“沉闷”符合语境。pain“伤痛”；sadness“伤心，悲伤”；disbelief“怀疑，不信任”。
15．A.entertainment B．dream
C．vacation D．freedom
解析：选C 根据第四段第一句“Tricia was one of the first caregivers to go on vacation.”可知选C。
16．A.comment B．story
C．surprise D．fortune
解析：选B 上文讲述的是Tricia享受免费休假的故事，故B项story“故事”，符合语境。
17．A.worried B．confused
C．unexpected D．stressed
解析：选D 根据上文提到的Tricia担心度假结束后自己的生活会回归以前的沉闷可知，D项“stressed”，符合语境。
18．A.award B．change
C．scenery D．accommodation
解析：选B 根据上文可知，其他护理员和Tricia一样，在度假前他们的生活较为沉闷；结合后一句“They reflect and relax.”可知，在度假之后，他们变得很放松。据此可知，这样的改变令人惊讶。change意为“改变”，符合语境。award“奖”；scenery“风景”；accommodation“住宿”。
19．A.slightly B．interestingly
C．magically D．mostly
解析：选C 这神奇地(magically)像是另外一个世界，并且给了他们一个从另一个角度(angle)看待他们的生活的机会。magically“魔法般地”，符合语境。slightly“轻微地”；interestingly“有趣地”；mostly“大多地”。
20．A.place B．situation
C．height D．angle
解析：选D 参见上题解析。
文体分类练(一) 记叙文 B卷
A
(2018·安徽省知名示范高中质检)I wasn't prepared for the way I felt when my 18?year?old son, Dylan, left for Asia during his winter break.
I was __1__ the moment he first told my husband Michael and me that he wanted to use some of his __2__ to travel around China. We were excited for him to explore the world. We told him that __3__ was one of the best ways to spend his money and the __4__ will last a lifetime.
On the morning of Dylan's departure, he __5__ a few more things into his bag. Before he and Michael __6__ to the airport, I yelled, “Be safe, and __7__ when you arrive in Shanghai.”
That night, __8__ he was flying somewhere over the Pacific Ocean, it hit me that Dylan was really on his __9__. I woke hourly, each time __10__ the clock and counting the hours before he would land the following morning. __11__ my decision to let him go alone, I prayed, and thought about all the things that could go __12__. Then I heard from him. The first text said he'd arrived. The second text said his luggage didn't __13__ it.
Feeling anxious, I madly attempted to __14__ down his luggage. To search for the lost baggage, I persuaded him to go back to the __15__ and suggested he go to the airline's office. My efforts __16__. All the while Dylan was texting me he was all right.
After that, there was no more __17__ about the lost luggage. I knew that he'd figure it out, and that the life lesson would be __18__.
Several days into the trip, Dylan sent a photo from Hong Kong. “I thought I could never study abroad anywhere but Europe. __19__ I could definitely do it here，” his note read.
And I was __20__.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者的儿子Dylan十八岁时独自一人去中国度寒假，“我”和丈夫鼓励他旅行，但“我”又担心他的安全。飞机着陆时，他的行李没能送达，最后他自己解决了问题。他的独自旅行会让他终生难忘……
1．A.thrilled B．worried
C．eager D．upset
解析：选A 根据下文中的“We were excited for him to explore the world.”可知，对于他主动探索世界，我们很高兴；并结合本句可以判断，他告诉“我”和“我”的丈夫说他要去中国旅游，那一刻“我”很激动。thrilled“兴奋的，激动的”，符合语境。worried“担心的”；eager“热切的，渴望的”；upset“难过的”。
2．A.caution B．savings
C．relations D．friends
解析：选B 根据下文中的“spend his money”可知，他要使用他自己的一些积蓄去中国旅行。savings“积蓄”，符合语境。caution“小心，谨慎”；relation“亲戚，关系”。
3．A.travelling B．learning
C．driving D．purchasing
解析：选A 根据上文中的“travel around China”可知，我们告诉他，旅行是使用他的钱的最好方式之一。travel“旅行”，符合语境。purchase“购买”。
4．A.costs B．virtues
C．items D．memories
解析：选D 根据语境可知，旅行是使用他的钱的最好方式之一，而且记忆将持续终生。memory“记忆”，符合语境。cost“花费，费用”；virtue“美德”；item“项目”。
5．A.put B．stuck
C．reached D．knocked
解析：选A 根据语境可知，在Dylan离开的那天早晨，他将更多的东西放进包里。put ... into“将……放进”，故A项正确。stick“贴”；reach“到达”；knock“敲，击”。
6．A.took off B．saw off
C．pulled away D．moved on
解析：选C 丈夫Michael和儿子一起驾车去机场。pull away“离开”，符合语境。take off“起飞，脱掉”；see off“给……送行”；move on“继续前往”。
7．A.write B．call
C．text D．e?mail
解析：选C 根据下文第四段倒数第二句中的“The first text”可知，“我”祝愿他一路平安，并希望他在到达上海时给“我”发短信。text“(用手机)给……发短信”，符合语境。
8．A.since B．though
C．after D．while
解析：选D 那天晚上，当他飞过太平洋时，“我”突然想到，儿子真的独自一人。while“当……时候”，故D项正确。
9．A.behalf B．feet
C．mind D．own
解析：选D 参见上题解析。on one's own为固定搭配，意为“独立的，独自的”，故D项正确。behalf“代表”。
10．A.mending B．checking
C．seeing D．winding
解析：选B “我”每小时醒一次，每次都查看一下时钟。check“查看，检查”，符合语境。mend“修补，修理”；wind“缠绕，迂回”。
11．A.Convincing B．Doubting
C．Admitting D．Denying
解析：选B “我”对让他独自去旅行的决定心存疑惑，不断祈祷。doubt“怀疑，疑惑”，符合语境。convince“说服，使信服”；admit“承认”；deny“否认”。
12．A.wrong B．wild
C．smooth D．bad
解析：选A 根据语境可知，“我”对让他独自旅行的决定心存疑惑，不断祈祷，考虑了所有可能出错的事情。go wrong为固定搭配，意为“出错”，故A项正确。wild“野生的”；smooth“光滑的”。
13．A.arrive B．make
C．manage D．deserve
解析：选B 根据下文中的“Feeling anxious”，并结合空前的“The second text said his luggage didn't”可以判断，他的第二条短信说他的行李没有准时到达。make it为固定搭配，意为“准时到达”，故B项正确。deserve“值得”。
14．A.bring B．turn
C．settle D．track
解析：选D 根据上文可知，儿子的行李没有准时送达，“我”非常着急，疯狂地追查他的行李信息。track down为固定搭配，意为“追查，跟踪”，符合语境。bring down“减少，击败”；turn down“拒绝”；settle down“定居”。
15．A.homeland B．airport
C．supermarket D．car
解析：选B 根据空后的“and suggested he go to the airline's office”可知，“我”建议他去航空公司的办公室。据此可以判断，“我”劝说他回到机场。airport“机场”，符合语境。
16．A.failed B．worked
C．paid D．lost
解析：选A 根据空后一句“All the while Dylan was texting me he was all right.”可知，Dylan用短信告诉“我”，他一切都好。据此可知，他会自己解决好行李问题，由此可以判断，“我”的努力没有起作用。fail“失败”，符合语境。
17．A.presentation B．talk
C．appearance D．rumor
解析：选B 根据下文中的“I knew that he'd figure it out”可知，“我”知道他会自己解决好行李问题。据此可以判断，在此之后就没有关于行李问题的讨论了。talk“讨论”，符合语境。presentation“显示，报告”；appearance“出现，显露，露面”；rumor“谣言”。
18．A.awful B．unbearable
C．deep D．worthless
解析：选C 根据儿子独自旅行时自己解决行李丢失的问题可知，“我”知道这一人生课程会是非常深刻的。deep“深刻的”，符合语境。awful“糟糕的，可怕的”；unbearable“难以忍受的”；worthless“无价值的”。
19．A.Or B．So
C．And D．But
解析：选D 空前一句说，他本以为除了欧洲以外他决不去国外任何地方学习；空后一句说，他很明确他会在中国学习。根据空处前后的句意可知，两句间为转折关系，故D项正确。
20．A.in despair B．at a loss
C．at peace D．in reality
解析：选C 根据上文可知，数天后Dylan从香港发来了照片，并考虑在那里留学。据此可以判断，得到此消息后，“我”平静了下来。at peace“处于平静状态”，符合语境。in despair“在绝望中”；at a loss“不知所措”；in reality“事实上”。
B
(2018·洛阳第一次统考)I never expected to go to the University of Michigan. I grew up in a small Midwest town where college wasn't __1__ by any means. Many students entered the workplace __2__ out of high school. For a long time, that's where I thought I would __3__.
At some point during my senior year, I started __4__ everywhere, just because I wanted to see __5__ I would get. I had the required grades and the ACT (American College Testing) __6__， but I came from a town of nowhere. So you can imagine the emotions of __7__ I had when I received a big envelope in the mail with the word “__8__”written across the top.
Now that the opportunity was open to me, I decided to go. I had received __9__ aid and scholarships, which I think was a __10__ factor (因素) in the decision. But my parents didn't see __11__ college as an opportunity for me to build up my __12__. And it seemed that no matter how much work I __13__， it would just be considered a waste of __14__. I often felt I was lacking __15__. I did the application all by myself. After moving to the college, I did two jobs and paid for my __16__ and bills.
Looking back on it now, I feel that it wasn't __17__ to be self?reliant. But in the long run, I __18__ the lack of support I had at such a key point in my life which taught me to be __19__ and responsible in hard times, to go beyond __20__ and to try things I never thought I would ever be able to try. I believe that's what college is all about.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者出生在美国中西部的一个小城镇，从来没有想过能上大学，但作者通过自己的努力最终考上了大学并通过打工支付自己的学费和日常花销。作者通过自己的经历告诉我们，生活中的困难教会我们独立和有责任心，我们要尝试从来没有想过自己能做的事情。
1．A.expected B．envied
C．admired D．afforded
解析：选A 根据空前后可知，作者在美国中西部的一个小城镇长大，很多学生在高中毕业后就工作了，所以作者没有料到自己一个来自小城镇的人能上大学。expect“期待，料想”；envy“羡慕，妒忌”；admire“欣赏，赞赏”；afford“负担得起”。
2．A.straight B．randomly
C．late D．happily
解析：选A 根据上文可知，作者没有料到自己会上大学，因为这儿的很多学生高中毕业后直接(straight)就去工作了。straight“直接地，立即”；randomly“随机地，随意地”；late“晚，迟”；happily“快乐地，高兴地”。
3．A.work up B．put up
C．end up D．pick up
解析：选C 根据上文可知，作者没有料到自己能上大学，认为自己最终也会和其他学生一样高中毕业后直接去工作。work up“激发”；put up“建造”；end up“(尤指经历一系列意外后)最终处于，到头来”；pick up“拾起”。
4．A.delivering B．applying
C．registering D．competing
解析：选B 此处表示在高中毕业那年的某个时候，作者开始到处申请(大学)。根据常识可知，想要上大学需要进行申请。第三段倒数第二句中的“I did the application”也是提示。deliver“发表，递送”；apply“申请”；register“登记，注册”；compete“竞争，竞赛”。
5．A.when B．whether
C．how D．where
解析：选D 分析空处所在句的结构可知，从句“________ I would get”中缺少地点状语。
6．A.qualifications B．diplomas
C．scores D．certificates
解析：选C 根据本句中的“required grades”及“the ACT(American College Testing)”可知，作者达到所要求的成绩和ACT分数(scores)。此处“grades”与“scores”同义。qualification“资格，学历”；diploma“文凭，学位证书”；score“分数，成绩”；certificate“证明书，文凭”。
7．A.anxiety B．relief
C．calmness D．conflict
解析：选D 根据上文中的“I had the required grades and the ACT (American College Testing) ________， but I came from a town of nowhere”可知，作者达到了大学的申请条件，但觉得自己来自一个不知名的小镇，因此心情矛盾(conflict)。anxiety“焦虑，忧虑”；relief“宽慰，安心”；calmness“平静，冷静”；conflict“矛盾，冲突”。
8．A.Wishes B．Regards
C．Cheers D．Congratulations
解析：选D 根据下文中的“Now that the opportunity was open to me, I decided to go.”可知，作者最终上了大学，故信封上的字应是“祝贺”。regards“致意，问候”；cheers“干杯(用于祝酒)”；congratulations“祝贺”。
9．A.financial B．spiritual
C．academic D．parents'
解析：选A 根据下文的“scholarships”可知，作者得到了助学金和奖学金。financial aid“(高等院校的)助学金，助学贷款”。spiritual“精神的”；academic“学术的”。
10．A.boring B．driving
C．discouraging D．promising
解析：选B 根据上文可知，作者获得了经济上的帮助，这推动了作者决定去上大学。boring“无聊的”；driving“推进的，起推动作用的”；discouraging“令人沮丧的”；promising“有前途的，有希望的”。
11．A.adjusting B．attending
C．dropping D．managing
解析：选B 根据上文可知，作者决定去上大学，但是作者的父母不把上大学看作是作者发展潜能的机会。attend college“上大学”。adjust“调整”；drop“终止，放弃”。
12．A.morality B．survival
C．potential D．confidence
解析：选C 参见上题解析。morality“道德”；survival“幸存，生存”；potential“潜能”；confidence“自信”。
13．A.get in B．take in
C．put in D．persist in
解析：选C 根据语境可知，似乎无论作者付出多少努力，都只是被看作浪费时间。get in“到达”；take in“欺骗”；put in“投入(时间、精力)”；persist in“坚持，执意”。
14．A.space B．money
C．resource D．time
解析：选D 参见上题解析。
15．A.support B．courage
C．motivation D．concern
解析：选A 根据空后的“I did the application all by myself.”及第四段第二句中的“lack of support”可知，没有人支持帮助作者。support“支持，帮助”；courage“勇气”；motivation“动力，积极性”；concern“关切”。
16．A.feasts B．necessities
C．seminars D．majors
解析：选B 上大学之后，作者做了两份工作，独立支付日用必需品的开销和学费。feast“筵席，宴会”；necessity“必需品”；seminar“讨论会，研讨班”；major“专业”。
17．A.hard B．right
C．easy D．awkward
解析：选C 现在回想一下，作者感觉自力更生并不容易。根据后一句中的“But”可知，作者认为自力更生不容易，但却从中受益匪浅。
18．A.ignore B．appreciate
C．forget D．disapprove
解析：选B 从长远来看，作者感激在生命的关键时刻缺少帮助这件事情，这教会作者在困难时期独立并有责任心，教会作者超越预期并且尝试从来没有想过自己能尝试的事情。ignore“忽视，不理”；appreciate“感激，欣赏”；forget“忘记”；disapprove“不同意”。
19．A.independent B．easy?going
C．honest D．considerate
解析：选A 参见上题解析。independent“独立的”；easy?going“随和的”；honest“诚实的”；considerate“考虑周到的”。
20．A.recognition B．description
C．control D．expectation
解析：选D 作者在文章开头提到从来没料到自己能上大学，此处与此呼应，故选D项。recognition“识别，承认”；description“描述”；control“控制”；expectation“期待，预期”。
文体分类练(二) 夹叙夹议文 A卷
A
(2018·河北五校联考)A woman professor was giving a lesson to her students on __1__ management. As she raised a glass of water, everyone in the class __2__ they would be asked the “half?empty or half?full” question. __3__， that was not the case. With a smile on her face, she asked the students, “How much do you think this glass of water weighs？”
Answers called out __4__ from eight to twenty ounces (盎司)．
She quieted the students down and then replied, “The absolute weight doesn't __5__. But it counts how long you hold it. If I hold it for a minute, it is OK. If I hold it for an hour, I will have an ache in my __6__. If I hold it for a day, my arm will feel numb. In each case, the __7__ of the glass of water doesn't change, but the __8__ I hold it, the heavier it becomes. Why？”
Lost in __9__， all the students kept silent and listened to the professor carefully.
“Our stresses and __10__ in life are like that glass of water. If we __11__ our burdens all the time, sooner or later, we will feel exhausted, even unable to __12__.”
__13__ you have to do is put all your burdens down, as __14__ in the evening as possible. Don't carry them through the evening into the night; by doing this, we can get __15__ next morning and are __16__ to move forward.
More often than not, life gets terrible when we __17__ too much. And the moment you __18__ your burdens, you'll find yourself feeling much more relaxed.
So rather than being upset and feeling __19__ for yourself, start doing something about it. After all, life is too short to __20__ yourself to anything that is not making you happy.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过一杯水的重量的事例告诉读者：只有卸下压力和负担，才能活得更轻松。
1．A.class B．emotion
C．time D．stress
解析：选D 根据下文中的“Our stresses and ________ in life are like that glass of water.”可知，本文讲的是压力管理。stress management意为“压力管理”。
2．A.wondered B．expected
C．agreed D．argued
解析：选B 当她举起一杯水时，每个人都预计他们会被问到“杯子是半空还是半满”的问题。wonder“想知道”；expect“预料，预计”；agree“同意”；argue“争论”。
3．A.However B．Meanwhile
C．Anyhow D．Therefore
解析：选A 根据语境可知，教授微笑着问：“这杯水有多重？”这与学生预计的不同，故选A。however“然而”；meanwhile“同时”；anyhow“无论如何”；therefore“因此”。
4．A.ranged B．replied
C．read D．exchanged
解析：选A 根据下文中的“from eight to twenty ounces (盎司)”可知，喊出的答案从8到20盎司不等。range from ... to ...“范围从……到……”，符合语境。
5．A.exist B．change
C．matter D．increase
解析：选C 根据下文中的“But it counts how long you hold it.”可知，此处表示绝对的重量不重要。matter与count同义，意为“要紧”。
6．A.head B．arm
C．leg D．stomach
解析：选B 根据下文中的“If I hold it for a day, my arm will feel numb.”可知，此处指的是手臂。因此选B。
7．A.shape B．position
C．weight D．size
解析：选C 根据下文中的“but the ________ I hold it, the heavier it becomes”可知，此处指的是水的重量。shape“形状”；position“位置”；weight“重量”；size“大小，尺寸”。故答案为C。
8．A.better B．deeper
C．longer D．further
解析：选C 每一种情况下，这杯水的重量都没有改变，但是举的时间越长，它就会变得越重。根据上文“If I hold it for a minute”，“If I hold it for an hour”及“If I hold it for a day”可知，此处说的是时间。
9．A.fantasies B．thought
C．dreams D．discussion
解析：选B 根据下文中的“all the students kept silent and listened to the professor carefully”可知，此处表示“(学生们)陷入沉思”，(be) lost in thought为固定搭配。
10．A.doubts B．joys
C．surprises D．worries
解析：选D 根据空前的“stresses”和下文中的“burdens”可知，这里表示“我们生活中的压力和烦恼就像那杯水”。
11．A.cover B．carry
C．hide D．show
解析：选B 根据下文中的“________ you have to do is put all your burdens down”可知，此处表示如果我们一直背着(carry)沉重的负担，故选B。
12．A.pick up B．work out
C．carry on D．catch on
解析：选C 如果我们一直背着沉重的负担，迟早我们将感到筋疲力尽，甚至难以坚持下去。pick up“捡起，恢复健康、体力等”；work out“解决，算出”；carry on“继续进行，坚持下去”；catch on“流行起来”。故选C。
13．A.Something B．All
C．Nothing D．Anything
解析：选B 根据语境可知，此处表示你需要做的一切事情就是卸下负担，故选B。
14．A.eagerly B．naturally
C．quickly D．early
解析：选D 根据下文“Don't carry them through the evening into the night”可知，此处表示晚上尽早卸下负担。
15．A.refreshed B．entertained
C．depressed D．amazed
解析：选A 通过这样做我们第二天可以重新振作精神，能够奋勇向前。refreshed“恢复精神的”；entertained“快乐的”；depressed“沮丧的”；amazed“大为惊奇的”。故选A。
16．A.able B．anxious
C．passive D．ambitious
解析：选A 参见上题解析。able“有能力的”，符合语境。anxious“焦虑的”；passive“被动的”；ambitious“有志气的”。
17．A.fear B．think
C．rest D．get
解析：选B 通常，当我们想得太多时生活就会变得糟糕。
18．A.catch up with B．look down on
C．let go of D．put up with
解析：选C 根据上文中的“________ you have to do is put all your burdens down”可知，当你卸下负担的时候，你会发现你自己更加放松。catch up with“赶上”；look down on“轻视”；let go of“放手，松开”；put up with“忍受，忍耐”。因此选C。
19．A.happy B．sorry
C．disappointed D．greedy
解析：选B 与其感到不安，自我怜悯，不如做一些改变它的事。feel sorry for oneself意为“自我怜悯”，为固定搭配。因此选B。
20．A.help B．treat
C．drive D．abandon
解析：选D 毕竟人生苦短，不要使自己沉浸在让自己不开心的事情中。abandon oneself to“沉湎于，陷入”，符合语境。help oneself to“自用，自取，依靠自己”；treat oneself to“犒劳自己”；drive oneself to“自己开车去”。
B
(2018·湖北八校联考)When I first came to Rochester from Austin, Texas — a place where fall is practically non?existent — I was excited for a real northern fall. But, I wasn't __1__ it to feel like Christmas in October.
Regardless of this __2__， and the adjustment period that I'm not entirely sure I'm __3__， I am thankful to be somewhere that has a __4__ fall. By “real” I __5__ a distinctive season, a(n) __6__ in the weather and a visual changing of the world around me. The leaves __7__ colors, it rains more often, the air is almost always __8__ and dry, and a light breeze __9__ me to walk a bit faster to get inside. Yes, it is more difficult to be __10__ outside in a Rochester fall — where it is not just “less hot” but __11__， fairly cold. But, I would argue that time spent outside in this season could be more __12__ than in the summer.
Everyone __13__ that fall is about change — I won't argue against that. Things do __14__ in the fall — the weather is __15__ becoming worse and worse, the dying leaves become warmly colored, and __16__ you know it, we'll be back to having only eight hours of sunlight a day.
This oncoming change is why I think it is so important to __17__ fall. Fall is not just about the __18__ of change, but also appreciating what will soon be __19__. Go __20__ this fall. Enjoy the leaves not because they are turning beautiful deep shades of orange and red, but because there will soon be no leaves in those branches at all.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。“我”从没有秋天的奥斯汀来到了罗切斯特市，为能在这里经历真正的秋天而兴奋不已。在秋天，天气逐渐变得寒冷，枯叶凋零，日照时间逐渐变短。一切都在变化着，去户外欣赏秋天是明智的选择。
1．A.interested in B．exposed to
C．ashamed of D．prepared for
解析：选D “我”从没有秋天的奥斯汀来到了罗切斯特市。“我”为能经历真正的北方的秋天而兴奋不已。但是，这里的十月却如十二月的圣诞节时那样寒冷，“我”没有准备好。be prepared for“为……做好准备”，符合语境。be interested in“对……感兴趣”；be exposed to“暴露于……”；be ashamed of“为……感到羞愧”。
2．A.accident B．possibility
C．shock D．motivation
解析：选C 根据上文中的“But, I wasn't ________ it to feel like”可知，此处指不管这种震惊。shock“震惊”，符合语境。accident“事故”；possibility“可能性”；motivation“动机”。
3．A.beyond B．against
C．for D．after
解析：选A 根据该句中的“the adjustment period that I'm not entirely sure”，并结合第一段所描述的“我”对这里的气温如圣诞节时那样寒冷感到不知所措的情况可以判断，“我”不能完全确信自己能跨越这个调整期。beyond“超过，越过”，符合语境。
4．A.rare B．real
C．hard D．strange
解析：选B 根据后一句中的“By ‘real’”可知，“我”为此处有真正的秋天而感到欣慰。real“真正的”，符合语境。rare“罕见的，稀有的”；hard“艰难的”；strange“奇怪的”。
5．A.take in B．pick up
C．call back D．refer to
解析：选D 通过说“真正的”，“我”指的是一个差别性明显的季节天气的转变和周围世界的视觉改变。refer to“提到，说起”，符合语境。take in“吸收，欺骗”；pick up“捡起，偶然学会”；call back“回电话”。
6．A.shift B．conclusion
C．improvement D．experience
解析：选A 参见上题解析。shift意为“转变”，符合语境。conclusion“结论”；improvement“提高”；experience“经历，经验”。
7．A.spoil B．keep
C．turn D．avoid
解析：选C 此处描述了秋天的情景：树叶变了颜色，经常下雨，空气几乎总是又冷又干燥。turn“改变，变成”，符合语境。spoil“损坏，宠坏，变坏，腐败”；keep“保持”；avoid“避免”。
8．A.cold B．warm
C．hot D．cozy
解析：选A 参见上题解析。cold“冷的”，符合语境。cozy“温暖舒适的”。
9．A.prevents B．expects
C．urges D．suspects
解析：选C 刮来的阵阵微风催促“我”快点进入室内。urge“敦促，促使”，符合语境。prevent“阻止”；expect“期望，盼望”；suspect“怀疑，不信任，猜想”。
10．A.grateful B．creative
C．considerate D．comfortable
解析：选D 在罗切斯特市，秋天相当冷，在户外很难让人感觉舒适。comfortable“舒适的”，符合语境。grateful“感谢的”；creative“有创造力的”；considerate“考虑周到的”。
11．A.luckily B．actually
C．helpfully D．instantly
解析：选B 这里不是“不炎热”，而实际上是相当冷。actually“事实上，实际上”，符合语境。luckily“幸运地”；helpfully“有帮助地”；instantly“立刻，马上”。
12．A.terrible B．casual
C．unpleasant D．valuable
解析：选D 根据语境可知，即便如此，“我”还是认为在这个季节去户外度过的时光可能要比夏季的更有价值。valuable“有价值的，珍贵的”，符合语境。terrible“可怕的”；casual“随便的”；unpleasant“使人不愉快的”。
13．A.questions B．emphasizes
C．recalls D．analyzes
解析：选B 人人都重视秋季的变化，“我”不反对这一点。emphasize“重视，强调”，符合语境。question“质疑”；recall“回想”；analyze“分析”。
14．A.relax B．change
C．harvest D．rest
解析：选B 根据该句中的“the weather is ________ becoming worse and worse, the dying leaves become warmly colored”可知，天气逐渐变得越来越寒冷，枯叶变成了暖色调；据此可以判断，在秋天，事物确实发生了变化。change“变化”，符合语境。relax“放松”；harvest“收获”；rest“休息”。
15．A.steadily B．hardly
C．accordingly D．narrowly
解析：选A 参见上题解析。steadily“稳定地，逐渐地”，符合语境。hardly“几乎不”；accordingly“相应地”；narrowly“狭窄地，勉强地”。
16．A.if B．since
C．as D．before
解析：选D 不知不觉中，一天就只有8个小时的阳光了。before you know it意为“在你知道之前”，表示“不知不觉中”。
17．A.control B．describe
C．appreciate D．hide
解析：选C 根据上文描述的对秋天感到兴奋和后一句中的“appreciating”可以判断，这个即将到来的变化就是为什么“我”认为欣赏秋天很重要。appreciate“欣赏”，符合语境。
18．A.process B．disadvantage
C．fear D．result
解析：选A 秋天不仅仅是关于变化的过程，我们还要去欣赏那些即将逝去的(事物)。process“过程”，符合语境。disadvantage“缺点，不利”；fear“害怕，担心”；result“结果”。
19．A.disappointing B．puzzling
C．gone D．broken
解析：选C 参见上题解析。gone“离开的”，符合语境。disappointing“令人失望的”；puzzling“令人迷惑的”；broken“破碎的”。
20．A.inside B．forward
C．backward D．outside
解析：选D 根据最后一句可知，赏叶不是因为它们正变成美丽的深橙色和红色，而是因为很快那些树枝上将没有树叶了。所以该句是在鼓励人们在这个秋天去户外。outside“在户外”，符合语境。
文体分类练(二) 夹叙夹议文 B卷
A
(2018·长春质检)When I was just out of college, I managed to get my dream job as a trader in New York City on the floor of the American Stock (证券) Exchange.
Though it was a proud __1__， the job was simply too physically __2__ — I must stand in a crowd every day, which often __3__ me in a mindset (思维模式) that held me back.
Manhattan is a walking town and it's difficult to __4__ when you have a disability. Taxies are expensive and riding the subway __5__ dozens of steep steps to get below the __6__. This left me only one __7__ — the bus.
One night, after the __8__ for my job, I was aching with self?pity __9__ it started to rain on my walk to the bus stop. I became more and more __10__ without an umbrella, thinking I'd never __11__ it in this city and telling myself, “this city is just too hard” and “maybe it is just not possible for a guy like me”．
And then, I __12__ the most beautiful, short moment. A couple came rolling by on roller skates, hand __13__ hand as they skated what seemed like the tango. They were all wet but they saw the __14__ as an opportunity and romance.
I suddenly became grateful for waiting in the rain because I __15__ have missed this beauty __16__ if I had been in a taxi or on the subway. This, although __17__， was an important moment on my journey to discover the __18__ of achieving health and happiness. When I change my mindset, __19__ for a moment, to what is possible and work to get rid of the self?limiting beliefs that __20__ my daily actions, I will be on the road to a healthier, and happier life.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者工作很累，回家路上遇到下雨，心情沮丧。当看到一对夫妇在雨中溜冰的画面，作者感觉到改变自己的思维模式会使自己走上一条更健康、更快乐的生活之路。
1．A.adjustment B．achievement
C．agreement D．treatment
解析：选B 根据第一段中的“I managed to get my dream job”可知，作者毕业后找到了自己理想的工作，这份工作应是作者引以为傲的成就，故选B项，achievement意为“成就”。adjustment“调节”；agreement“同意，一致”；treatment“治疗，对待”。
2．A.tiring B．boring
C．relaxing D．disappointing
解析：选A 根据本句中的“I must stand in a crowd every day”可推知，这份工作是劳累的，故选A项，tiring意为“累人的，令人疲倦的”。relaxing“令人放松的”；disappointing“令人失望的”。
3．A.reminded B．expected
C．took D．left
解析：选D 根据语境可知，“我”每天都必须站在人群中，这常常让“我”有想退缩的思维模式。“leave＋sb.＋宾补”表示“让某人……”，故选D项。remind“提醒”；expect“预期”。
4．A.go up B．get around
C．set off D．show up
解析：选B 根据上文的“Manhattan is a walking town”可知，曼哈顿是一个步行商业区，所以你有残疾的话是很难四处走动(get around)的。go up“上升”；set off“出发”；show up“出现，到场”。
5．A.requests B．supports
C．requires D．surrounds
解析：选C 根据语境可知，出租车很贵，乘坐地铁需要(requires)走下几十个陡峭的台阶才能到达地下。request“请求”；support“支持”；surround“围绕”。
6．A.ground B．street
C．town D．city
解析：选A 根据本句中的“the subway”以及常识可知，人们在地面(ground)下乘坐地铁，故选A项。
7．A.change B．chance
C．idea D．choice
解析：选D 句意：这让我只有一种选择——公共汽车。根据上文提到的交通方式都不适合作者可知，此处表示作者唯一的选择(choice)。
8．A.struggle B．work
C．experience D．influence
解析：选A 句意：一天晚上，在为我的工作苦苦奋斗后，我一直自怨自艾，当我走向公共汽车站的时候突然又下起了雨。根据语境可推知，此处是指在为工作奋斗(struggle)了一天之后。experience“经历”；influence“影响”。
9．A.before B．while
C．when D．after
解析：选C 参见上题解析。此处为“be doing sth. when ...”固定结构，when在此处表示“当……的时候”，符合语境。
10．A.nervous B．curious
C．scared D．upset
解析：选D 根据上文的“it started to rain”和空后的“without an umbrella”可知，下雨了，但是作者没有带伞，所以作者心情越来越沮丧(upset)。
11．A.get B．make
C．put D．watch
解析：选B 根据上文可知，没有雨伞，作者变得越来越沮丧，心想自己在这个城市里不会取得成功了。make it 是固定短语，表示“达成目标，获得成功，成功做成某事”。
12．A.recalled B．observed
C．witnessed D．realized
解析：选C 句意：然后，我目睹了最美丽、最短暂的时刻。根据下文介绍的一对夫妇在雨中溜冰的画面可知，这是作者看到的。recall“召回，回想起”；observe“观察”；witness“目睹”；realize“认识到”。
13．A.on B．by
C．to D．in
解析：选D 句意：一对夫妇穿着溜冰鞋，手拉着手，他们溜冰的时候像是在跳探戈舞。hand in hand“手拉手”，是固定搭配，故选D项。
14．A.rain B．tree
C．wind D．cloud
解析：选A 根据上文的“it started to rain”和“They were all wet”可知，虽然他们身上都被淋湿了，但他们把雨(rain)当成是一个机会和一种浪漫。
15．A.shall B．would
C．need D．must
解析：选B 句意：我突然对在雨中等待感到感激，因为如果我在出租车或地铁上，我会完全错过这个美景。根据句子结构可知，此处是由if 引导的与过去相反的虚拟句，结构为“if＋主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词”，所以选B项。
16．A.exactly B．instantly
C．entirely D．suddenly
解析：选C 根据语境可知，作者觉得如果乘坐其他交通工具就会完全错过这一幕，故选C项。exactly“正是，恰好”；instantly“立即，马上”；entirely“完全地”；suddenly“突然”。
17．A.strange B．small
C．normal D．different
解析：选B 虽然这是生活中的一件小事，但却是作者在探索健康和幸福的旅途中的一个重要时刻。strange“奇怪的，陌生的”；small“小的”；normal“正常的”；different“不同的”，根据句意可知选B项。
18．A.humor B．honesty
C．power D．principle
解析：选C 根据语境可知，作者看到的这一幕给了作者力量。humor“幽默”；honesty“诚实，正直”；power“力量”；principle“原则”。
19．A.still B．yet
C．also D．even
解析：选D 句意：当我改变我的思维模式去做可能的事情，并努力摆脱那些影响我日常行为的自我限制的信念时，即使是片刻，我都将会走上一条更健康、更快乐的生活之路。根据句意可知，此处选even，表示“即使”。
20．A.affect B．follow
C．forbid D．harm
解析：选A 根据语境可知，此处表示“影响(affect)我日常行为的自我限制的信念”。
B
(2018·名校原创预测卷)Every act of kindness starts with something small, something we all can — and should — do every single day.
I'm Will Rubio, one of the __1__ of BYUtv's Random Acts show. We take hidden cameras to unexpected places to __2__ random acts of kindness. We've filmed acts __3__ from building disabled?friendly facilities (设施) for those who are badly __4__ them but can't afford them to returning a lost wallet.
On Random Acts, it may be a neighbor or a colleague who recognizes a need and __5__ an incredible chain reaction of service. __6__ the story of Emmalene Meyers. Like many young girls, Emmalene was __7__ to be a ballet dancer — but her physical disability makes even everyday tasks a(n) __8__. Instead of seeing a limitation, Emmalene's friend Lily __9__ an opportunity. Lily imagined Emmalene's dream being brought to life onstage and persuaded Random Acts to help make her plan __10__.
So, where can you start? The key is to be like Lily: look for an opportunity to make a __11__ to those in need, and then take action to make it happen. Being __12__ and involved in service is __13__ like any other goal you want to achieve. You have to __14__ it.
After two seasons of hosting Random Acts, the joy of __15__ burdens and brightening lives doesn't fade. I sometimes __16__ Random Acts might lose its feature eventually, but that couldn't be further from the __17__. When I finally meet the people we've been working to __18__ and see their genuine shock and appreciation, it __19__ me in the feel every time. I cry more than anyone else on the show.
Be that person doing acts of kindness out of the __20__ of your heart — be the nice you want to see in the world!
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己做节目的亲身经历告诉读者一个道理：所有的善举都始于小事，并呼吁人们将内心的善意付诸行动，成为最好的自己！
1．A.photographers B．directors
C．viewers D．hosts
解析：选D 根据下文倒数第二段中的“After two seasons of hosting Random Acts”可知，作者是Random Acts这个节目的其中一个主持人。host“(电视或广播的)节目主持人”，符合语境。photographer“摄影师”；director“导演”；viewer“电视观众”。
2．A.expose B．conduct
C．arrange D．advocate
解析：选A 此处指作者他们带着隐藏摄像机去到出人意料的地方，为的是展示(expose)随意的善举。conduct“指挥，引导”；arrange“安排”；advocate“提倡”。
3．A.changing B．counting
C．ranging D．transforming
解析：选C 作者他们拍摄的善举很多，包括从为那些非常需要却又负担不起的残疾人建造相应的设施到归还丢失的钱包等各类事情。range“包括”，符合语境。count“数数”；transform“使改观”。
4．A.in search of B．in need of
C．in defence of D．in favor of
解析：选B 参见上题解析。in search of“搜寻，搜索”；in need of“需要”；in defence of“保护，防护”；in favor of“支持，赞同”。
5．A.sets off B．sets aside
C．sets down D．sets out
解析：选A 根据语境可知，此处指可能是一位邻居或者同事意识到一种需要并引发一系列不可思议的反应——提供帮助。set off“引发，激起”，符合语境。set aside“暂不考虑，留出”；set down“写下”；set out“出发，开始”。
6．A.Retell B．Take
C．Create D．Explain
解析：选B 此处指以Emmalene Meyers的故事为例。take“以……为例，将……作为例证”，符合语境。retell“复述”；create“创作”；explain“解释”。
7．A.anxious B．proud
C．afraid D．unwilling
解析：选A 根据下文中的“Emmalene's dream being brought to life onstage”可知，像许多女孩子一样，Emmalene非常渴望自己能成为一名芭蕾舞演员。be anxious to“渴望”，符合语境。proud“骄傲的，自豪的”；afraid“害怕的”；unwilling“不情愿的”。
8．A.exception B．dilemma
C．competition D．challenge
解析：选D 根据上文中的“her physical disability”可知，Emmalene身有残疾，所以日常的(生活)事务对她来说都是挑战。challenge“挑战，艰巨任务”，符合语境。exception“例外的情况”；dilemma“(进退两难的)窘境，困境”；competition“竞争，角逐”。
9．A.provided B．seized
C．spotted D．missed
解析：选C 根据上文中的“recognizes a need”“Instead of seeing a limitation”及下文中的“look for an opportunity”可知，此处指Emmalene的朋友Lily发现了一个机会。 spot“发现，注意到”，符合语境。provide“提供”；seize“抓住”；miss“错过”。
10．A.successful B．acceptable
C．reasonable D．available
解析：选A 根据本文“善举”这一主题及本句语境可知，此处指的应是在Random Acts节目的帮助下，Lily帮助Emmalene实现梦想的计划成功了。successful“成功的”，符合语境。acceptable“可接受的，令人满意的”；reasonable“有道理的，合乎情理的”；available“可获得的，可找到的”。
11．A.choice B．difference
C．promise D．decision
解析：选B 寻找一个机会来影响那些身处困境中的人。make a difference“有影响，起作用”，符合语境。make a choice“作出选择”；make a promise“作出承诺”；make a decision“作出决定”。
12．A.generous B．caring
C．ambitious D．sociable
解析：选B 根据文章主题及语境可知，此处指乐于助人并投身于服务工作就(just)像其他任何你想要实现的目标一样。caring“乐于助人的”，符合语境。generous“慷慨的”；ambitious“有雄心的”；sociable“好交际的”。
13．A.never B．even
C．still D．just
解析：选D 参见上题解析。
14．A.put up with B．make up for
C．work at D．take to
解析：选C 根据语境可知，此处指你非得下功夫不可。put up with“容忍，忍受”；make up for“弥补”；work at“努力做，致力于”；take to“喜欢上……”。
15．A.bearing B．carrying
C．reducing D．overcoming
解析：选C 主持了两季的Random Acts后，作者从减轻(reducing)他人重担、改善他人生活中获得的快乐并没有消退。bear“忍受”；carry“承担，承受”；overcome“克服”。
16．A.admit B．realize
C．remember D．assume
解析：选D 有时作者认为Random Acts这一节目总有一天会失去其特色，但是事实(truth)远非如此。assume“认为，假设”，符合语境。admit“承认”；realize“意识到”；remember“记得”。
17．A.truth B．deadline
C．destination D．boundary
解析：选A 参见上题解析。deadline“截止日期”；destination“目的地”；boundary“边界，界限”。
18．A.accompany B．surprise
C．locate D．please
解析：选B 根据下文中的“see their genuine shock”可知，此处应用surprise，表示“使惊奇，使诧异，使感到意外”。accompany“陪伴”；locate“确定……的准确地点”；please“取悦”。
19．A.refreshes B．inspires
C．hits D．satisfies
解析：选C 根据语境可知，此处指作者每次都会被那些人们表现出的真诚的惊讶和感激所感动。hit“打，击中”，在此引申为“感动”，符合语境。refresh“使恢复精力”；inspire“激励，鼓舞”；satisfy“使满意，使满足”。
20．A.goodness B．curiosity
C．faith D．whisper
解析：选A 根据语境及文章主题可知，此处指作者呼吁人们成为那个出于好心(goodness)来施行善举的人。out of the goodness of one's heart“某人是出于好心”，是固定用法。
文体分类练(三) 说明文
A
(2018·安徽黄山质检)Men and women may have different experiences in shopping for clothes.
A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in __1__. He knows what he wants, and his __2__ is to find it and buy it. All men __3__ walk into a shop and ask the shop assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock (库存), the deal can be done and __4__ is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat to everyone's __5__.
For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants. In that __6__， the salesman tries to sell the customer something else — he __7__ the nearest to the article required. A good salesman brings out such a substitute (替代品) __8__； he may say, “I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size? It __9__ to be the color you mentioned.” Few men have __10__ with this treatment, and the usual answer is：“This is the right color and may be the right size, but I shouldn't be __11__ my time and yours by trying it on.”
For a woman, buying clothes is always done in the __12__ way. Her shopping is not often __13__ on need. She has never fully decided what she wants, and she is only “having a look around”. She is always __14__ to persuasion, willing to try on any number of things. Deep in her mind is the thought of finding something that __15__ thinks suits her. Most women have an excellent sense of value and are always on the lookout for the unexpected __16__. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another __17__ selecting the dress she wants to __18__. It is a tiresome process，but clearly a(n) __19__ one. Most dress sho
“完形填空文体分类练”见
“文体分类练（一）~（四）”
(单击进入电子文档)
第一讲题文通读，宏观把握，架构了然于胸
做完形填空题，最大的禁忌就是急于求成、贸然行动，不置于语篇大环境下凭主观臆断，造成“只见树木，不见森林”的片面性错误。正确的做法是：先通读全文和选项，对文意和题目有个大致了解，搞清楚主旨大意及思考方向后，再进行第二遍精读和答题。如何读文，如何做题，怎样才能高效，本讲将给予悉心宏观指导。
一、把握4大文体特征——读文求快
考生熟知各种文体特点，有利于从整体上把脉文章的篇章逻辑和组织方式，为更好地理解文章大意打下良好的基础。各文体特征在P89“理清文架构”中已做了详尽介绍，为便于考生加深理解，在此，我们结合完形填空选文的具体特点再略述一二。
(一)常考文体——记叙文
完形填空的文章体裁以记叙文为主，常见的故事基本上可分为餐厅故事、师生关系、家庭生活和个人奋斗等类型。从叙事方式来看，故事内容基本都遵循“起—承—转—合”的常见记叙文写作思路。从正负态度来解释，则可分为两种模式：一种为“负—正”，即故事开始就是“坏事”，后来转变为“好事”；另一种是“正—负—正”，即文章开始平静祥和，中间经历挫折、困难，最终迎来光明美好的结局。两种模式的共同点在于，无论故事如何开篇，过程都会经历曲折，结尾必然收获美好、充满希望。
总之，完形填空的选材基本都是积极向上、引人向善的文章。了解这些有助于考生理解文章内容、把握主人公情感走向，进而帮助解题。
(二)常考文体——夹叙夹议文
夹叙夹议类的文章通常是采用叙议结合的写作方法，文章先进行叙述，然后再在段落的结尾或文章的末尾展开议论，说明故事所包含的哲理或总结出作者的观点。阅读此类文章时，考生要重点关注议论的部分，从而总结出文章的主旨。
(三)时考文体——议论文
议论文是一种“剖析事物、论述事理、提出主张或发表见解”的说理性文章。议论文三要素是论点(作者的观点，也就是被证明的对象)、论据(用来证明论点的依据，是说明论点的理由和材料)和论证(运用论据证明论点的过程与方法)。高考议论型短文分为两种：一种是夹叙夹议型短文；另一种是纯议论型短文。第一种的基本模式是：叙述事件—抒发感悟—作出结论。第二种的基本模式是：提出问题—分析问题—解决问题。
(四)时考文体——说明文
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用来说明事物、阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或传递某种思想。其基本模式是：观点—说明—总结。
二、掌握3步解题流程——解题求稳
三、练就一项超人技能——题文齐读
什么是“题文齐读” 为什么要“题文齐读”
顾名思义就是一边读文，一边用眼睛的余光扫一下题目。二者并不是相互分散精力，而是协调配合、相互印证的。要做到双眼聚焦(一眼侧重于读文，一眼侧重于扫描对应的选项)，眼脑共用(边读文边思考，对各空的选项有一个初判)。这项技能对考生的要求较高，运用此法要保证注意力高度集中，要具备较强的聚合思维。考生在平时的训练中要多尝试应用才能默化成规，内化于心。 (1)一篇约250词的短文存在20处的空格，信息的残缺不全造成文意理解的较大障碍。不看选项，不进行初判，“硬啃式”读文会造成越读越难，到后面甚至读得心烦意乱，从而造成文意理解的偏差。(2)完形填空大部分题目是送分或保分题目，通过边读边预判是能做对大部分的，随着一部分空格不断被填补还原，文意也就越来越明显，读文障碍会越来越少。“题文齐读”可大大缩减读文和答题时间。
[典例示范]
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I __41__ the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn't want to __42__ a few dollars? More than that, I'd always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren't __43__ enough about free credits, news about our __44__ was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which __45__ I would be learning from one of the game's __46__. I could hardly wait to __47__ him.
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this __48__ was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it __49__ that our credits would be hard?earned. In order to __50__ the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to __51__ what we would learn in class to our future professions and, __52__， to our lives. I managed to get an A in that __53__ and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the __54__.
Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I'm still putting to use what he __55__ me: “The absolute most important __56__ that you learn when you play chess is how to make good __57__. On every single move you have to __58__ a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and __59__ the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my __60__ as a journalist.
41．A．put forward B．jumped at
C．tried out D．turned down
42．A.waste B．earn
C．save D．pay
43．A.excited B．worried
C．moved D．tired
44．A.title B．competitor
C．textbook D．instructor
45．A.urged B．demanded
C．held D．meant
46．A.fastest B．easiest
C．best D．rarest
47．A.interview B．meet
C．challenge D．beat
48．A.chance B．qualification
C．honor D．job
49．A.real B．perfect
C．clear D．possible
50．A.attend B．pass
C．skip D．observe
51．A.add B．expose
C．apply D．compare
52．A.eventually B．naturally
C．directly D．normally
53．A.game B．presentation
C．course D．experiment
54．A.criterion B．classroom
C．department D．situation
55．A.taught B．wrote
C．questioned D．promised
56．A.fact B．step
C．manner D．skill
57．A.grades B．decisions
C．impressions D．comments
58．A.analyze B．describe
C．rebuild D．control
59．A.announce B．signal
C．block D．evaluate
60．A.role B．desire
C．concern D．behavior
[技法演示]
一、依据文体特征读文
本文是一篇记叙文。本文为“正—负—正”模式。作者在大学期间参加了免费的国际象棋课程，经过自己的努力学习，从教练那里学到很多受益终身的技能，从而对人生有了感悟。主题在最后一段，即如何正确地做决定。
二、“题文齐读法”例解(以第一段为例)
仔细阅读文章首句可知，本文讲述了“我”在大学二年级期间学习免费的国际象棋课程。读到41空和42空时，马上浏览一下选项，再结合41空前的“a ‘free’ course”以及这两个空后的宾语“the idea of taking ...”和“a few dollars”，可预判41题B项(jumped at)、42题C项(save)正确，即“欣然接受”课程和“省钱”。
读到43空时，浏览选项发现均为形容词，在句中作表语，说明主语的心情，结合空后的“free credits”以及上文的“I'd always wanted to learn chess”可知，“我”的心情应该是“兴奋的(excited)”，故预判A项正确。
接着读44空，浏览选项后，我们不能做出预判，需要继续读下文。读到下一句“an international grandmaster”时，我们不难对44题做出预判，即D项(instructor)正确。
读到45空和46空时，结合选项和前文中的关键词“an international grandmaster”可知，这两个空所在的句子是对关键词的进一步补充说明，故可预判45题D项(meant)、46题C项(best)正确。
读到47空时，浏览选项，结合前文信息以及关键词“could hardly wait”很容易预判B项(meet)正确，即“我”迫不及待想见到他。
请依据上面的解题思路尝试解答剩余题目(通过“题文齐读”能边读边填的先填上，不能填的留到最后再精读文章判断)
第二段：读到48空时，快速浏览选项，结合空前的关键词“returning to teach”可知这是一份工作，即可预判D项(job)正确。
读到49空时，浏览选项均为形容词，并结合49空的句式结构可知，此处应作宾语补足语，对后面的宾语从句作补充说明，再根据常识，可预判C项(clear)正确。
下一句涉及50、51、52三道题，我们需要一口气读完这句话了解句意，由句意可知前半句是“目的”，后半句是老师的“要求”，浏览选项，结合句意，可预判50题B项(pass)正确，即“为了通过这门课”。对于后半句中的51题，浏览选项可知是动词，再结合后面的介词to，以及句中的关键词“write a paper, what we would learn in class, future professions, our lives”可预判51题C项(apply)、52题A项(eventually)正确，即“把课上所学的运用到未来的职业中，最终运用到生活中”。
读到最后一句话时，浏览选项和上下文语境发现无法对53空做出预判，可先跳过。(此题需要读完全篇，根据第一段“offering a ‘free’ course”中的关键词“course”判断C项正确)
读到54空时，联系空前的“learned life lessons that have served me well”可知，“我”从学习国际象棋中学到了一些对我课堂之外的生活有用的知识，故可预判B项(classroom)正确。
第三段：读到本段时，因为有了前面的信息，我们采用“题文齐读法”就更有优势了。本段第一句话说到学习国际象棋十年后的今天，“我”仍旧使用老师所教给“我”的，故可预判55题的正确答案为A项(taught)。
读完56、57空后，浏览选项，结合句中的“you learn when you play chess is how to make good”可预判56题D项(skill)、57题B项(decisions)正确。
读完58空和59空所在的句子，浏览选项发现这两个空皆需填动词，我们再结合空后的宾语“a situation, the best move”不难做出预判，58题A项(analyze)、59题D项(evaluate)正确，即“分析形势”、“评估出最好的一步”。
读完最后一句话，根据关键词“as a journalist”，并浏览选项，可预判60题A项(role)正确，即今天这些话对于“我”作为记者的角色仍然是真实有用的。
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什么是“题文齐读” 为什么要“题文齐读”
顾名思义就是一边读文，一边用眼睛的余光扫一下题目。二者并不是相互分散精力，而是协调配合、相互印证的。要做到双眼聚焦(一眼侧重于读文，一眼侧重于扫描对应的选项)，眼脑共用(边读文边思考，对各空的选项有一个初判)。这项技能对考生的要求较高，运用此法要保证注意力高度集中，要具备较强的聚合思维。考生在平时的训练中要多尝试应用才能默化成规，内化于心。 (1)一篇约250词的短文存在20处的空格，信息的残缺不全造成文意理解的较大障碍。不看选项，不进行初判，“硬啃式”读文会造成越读越难，到后面甚至读得心烦意乱，从而造成文意理解的偏差。
(2)完形填空大部分题目是送分或保分题目，通过边读边预判是能做对大部分的，随着一部分空格不断被填补还原，文意也就越来越明显，读文障碍会越来越少。“题文齐读”可大大缩减读文和答题时间。
