7步成文第六步打磨开头和结尾，“与众不同”把分添
近三年高考英语全国卷的书面表达以应用文为主，一般要求写一封书信，书信一般有自己专门的开头格式。但固有的、模式化的开头会让阅卷老师多读生厌、疲惫不堪，因此要想给阅卷老师留下好的第一印象，就得有一个引人入胜、新颖别致的开头，这能够激发阅卷老师的兴趣，博得好感。有了一个好的开头，若再加上一个画龙点睛的结尾，那就真可谓锦上添花，无可挑剔了。“头好一半文”“尾好更添韵”说的就是开头和结尾的重要性。
一、“四档”“五档”差在哪
[典例感悟] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括：
1．时间和地点； 2.内容：学习唐诗； 3.课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。
注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
“冤屈的”四档作文(得分17分) 升格后的五档作文(得分23分)
Dear Leslie， I've decided to teach you Tang poetry in Room 101 Building 1 at 8 am on Wednesday, which will last two hours. Tang poetry is a symbol of Chinese traditional literature and plays an important part in Chinese culture, so it's necessary for you to have a good knowledge of it. Besides, in order to learn Tang poetry well, you'd better get some information about Tang Dynasty before class. Looking forward to your earliest reply. Yours， Li Hua Dear Leslie，I am writing to tell you my plan for the coming Chinese lesson.I've decided to teach you Tang poetry in Room 101 Building 1 at 8 am on Wednesday, which will last two hours. Tang poetry is a symbol of Chinese traditional literature and plays an important part in Chinese culture, so it's necessary for you to have a good knowledge of it. Besides, in order to learn Tang poetry well, you'd better get some information about Tang Dynasty before class.Would you tell me if it's convenient for you? Furthermore, when you meet with some puzzling questions, don't hesitate to turn to me.Yours， Li Hua
名 师 点 评 左栏的文章运用了定语从句、并列句结构等，a symbol of, play an important part in, have a good knowledge of的应用恰到好处，总体是一篇不错的作文。但美中不足的是缺少了文章开头的点题和恰当的结尾，不仅使得文章读起来稍欠流畅，而且未达到词数要求。右栏的作文加上开头和改编了结尾使得文章总体上得到了升华，并且达到了词数要求，从而上升了一个档次，从四档跨入了五档。
二、如何由“四档”升“五档”
(一)应用文常见开头段的写法——开门见山
应用文的特点是开门见山，用简洁的语言引出文章的主题，使读者清楚文章要表达什么内容，常用的开头有：
求职信 ·I'm writing to apply for the position of ... ·Learning from ..., I'd like to apply for the post ... (2018·浙江高考)Learning that our English Association needs some volunteers to meet the foreign students visiting our school, I'd like to apply for the position.
咨询信 I'm writing to inquire/ask for some information about ... (2018·衡水模拟)I am writing to ask for some information about the preparation of the English contest.
感谢信 ·I'm writing to express my thanks for ... ·I'd like to convey my heartfelt thanks to you for ... (2018·杭州模拟)From the bottom of my heart, I would like to convey my thanks to you for your service of high quality.
建议信 I'm writing to express my view concerning .../to inform you of ... (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Now, I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.
投诉信 I'm writing to complain about ... (2018·芜湖模拟)I am Li Hua, a consumer from China. I am writing to complain about your poor service.
道歉信 I'm writing to make an apology to you for ... (2018·烟台模拟)I'm writing to make an apology to you for my being not able to attend the party.
邀请信 ·I'm writing to invite you to ... ·I'm writing to tell you that there will be a ... Would you like to ...？ (2018·天津高考)I am writing to invite you to help us to take part in the World Adolescent Robotics Competition to be held in Tianjin at the end of this July.
通知 ·May I have your attention, please? Recently, a/an ...will be＋过去分词＋in ... ·In order to ..., all the students are welcome to ... ·There is going to be a/an ...＋时间＋地点 (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)May I have your attention, please? Recently, an outstanding movie will be shown in our campus.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)In order to learn more about the development of our school, all the students are welcome to watch the short film Growing Together, which is a documentary on the history of our school.
(二)应用文常见结尾段的写法——表示期待
在应用文的结尾处我们常使用一些功能句式，向对方表示友善的感谢或亲切的问候，表达愿望或期待等。常用的结尾有：
求职信 ·I would be grateful if you could consider my application/give me the chance. ·I hope to have the opportunity of an interview. (2018·浙江高考)I would be grateful if you could give me the chance.
咨询信 I'm waiting for your early reply. (2018·济南模拟)I am waiting for your reply at your earliest convenience.
感谢信 ·I must thank you again for your generous help. ·Please accept my gratitude, now and always. (2018·新乡模拟)I must thank you again for your timely help.
建议信 ·In the end, I will be very glad if you find my suggestions useful. ·I hope you will find these suggestions practical. ·I'll appreciate you taking my suggestions into account. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Hopefully, these suggestions would be of great help to you. I am looking forward to your good news.
投诉信 I'd appreciate it if you ... as soon as possible. (2018·萍乡模拟)I would appreciate it if you could make up for the loss as soon as possible.
道歉信 ·Once again, I'm sorry for any inconvenience caused. ·I sincerely hope that you will kindly accept my apologies. (2018·太原模拟)I sincerely hope that you will be able to think in my position and accept my apologies.
邀请信 I'm looking forward to your participation. (2018·天津高考)I'm looking forward to your joining my team.
通知 ·We hope that you would make it to our activity. ·We are looking forward to your warm participation. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Hopefully, you would make it to our activity. I have the confidence that you will have a great time then.
[课堂应用体验]
翻译下列开头和结尾句
1．我代表学生会给您写信请求帮助我们的校友。
I_am_writing_to_you,_on_behalf_of_the_Students'_Union,_to_ask_for_help_for_our_schoolmate.
2．如果方便的话，我希望你能接受我们的邀请。
We_hope_that_you_will_accept_our_invitation_if_it_is_convenient_for_you.
3．我写信申请在您的大学里学习。
I'm_writing_to_apply_to_study_in_your_university.
4．我写信告诉您我的问题，这个问题困扰了我很长时间。
I_am_writing_to_tell_you_my_problem,_which_has_troubled_me_for_a_long_time.
5．我写信给你是因为我有些确实严肃的问题想要和您交流。
I_am_writing_to_you_because_I_have_something_really_serious_to_communicate_with_you.
6．7月25日至8月10日在北戴河将有一个英语暑假夏令营。
There_is_going_to_be_an_English_summer_camp_in_Beidaihe_from_July_25_to_August_10.
7．我的确希望你能考虑我的建议。
I_do_hope_you_will_consider_my_suggestion.
8．对于您慷慨的帮助，我再次表示感谢。
Thanks_again_for_your_generous_help.
9．我为给你带来这么大的麻烦再次向你道歉。
I_apologize_to_you_again_for_having_put_you_in_such_great_trouble.
10．我想向你致以最诚挚的祝贺。
I_would_like_to_congratulate_you_with_all_my_heart.
11．如果你能认真对待我的投诉，我会非常高兴。
I_would_be_very_delighted_if_you_could_consider_my_complaint_seriously.
12．请一定按时参加。
Be_sure_to_attend_it_on_time.
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6
“冤屈的”四档作文(得分17分)
Dear Leslie，
I've decided to teach you Tang poetry in Room 101 Building 1 at 8 am on Wednesday, which will last two hours. Tang poetry is a symbol of Chinese traditional literature and plays an important part in Chinese culture, so it's necessary for you to have a good knowledge of it. Besides, in order to learn Tang poetry well, you'd better get some information about Tang Dynasty before class.
Looking forward to your earliest reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
升格后的五档作文(得分23分)
Dear Leslie，
I am writing to tell you my plan for the coming Chinese lesson.
I've decided to teach you Tang poetry in Room 101 Building 1 at 8 am on Wednesday, which will last two hours. Tang poetry is a symbol of Chinese traditional literature and plays an important part in Chinese culture, so it's necessary for you to have a good knowledge of it. Besides, in order to learn Tang poetry well, you'd better get some information about Tang Dynasty before class.
Would you tell me if it's convenient for you? Furthermore, when you meet with some puzzling questions, don't hesitate to turn to me.
Yours，
Li Hua
名
师
点
评 左栏的文章运用了定语从句、并列句结构等，a symbol of, play an important part in, have a good knowledge of的应用恰到好处，总体是一篇不错的作文。但美中不足的是缺少了文章开头的点题和恰当的结尾，不仅使得文章读起来稍欠流畅，而且未达到词数要求。右栏的作文加上开头和改编了结尾使得文章总体上得到了升华，并且达到了词数要求，从而上升了一个档次，从四档跨入了五档。
咨询信
求职信
(2018·衡水模拟)I am writing to ask for some information about the preparation of the English contest.
I'm writing to inquire/ask for some information about ...
(2018·浙江高考)Learning that our English Association needs some volunteers to meet the foreign students visiting our school, I'd like to apply for the position.
·I'm writing to apply for the position of ...
·Learning from ..., I'd like to apply for the post ...
(2018·烟台模拟)I'm writing to make an apology to you for my being not able to attend the party.
I'm writing to make an apology to you for ...
道歉信
(2018·芜湖模拟)I am Li Hua, a consumer from China. I am writing to complain about your poor service.
I'm writing to complain about ...
投诉信
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Now, I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.
I'm writing to express my view concerning .../to inform you of ...
建议信
(2018·杭州模拟)From the bottom of my heart, I would like to convey my thanks to you for your service of high quality.
·I'm writing to express my thanks for ...
·I'd like to convey my heartfelt thanks to you for ...
感谢信
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)May I have your attention, please? Recently, an outstanding movie will be shown in our campus.
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)In order to learn more about the development of our school, all the students are welcome to watch the short film Growing Together, which is a documentary on the history of our school.
·May I have your attention, please? Recently, a/an ...will be＋过去分词＋in ...
·In order to ..., all the students are welcome to ...
·There is going to be a/an ...＋时间＋地点
通知
(2018·天津高考)I am writing to invite you to help us to take part in the World Adolescent Robotics Competition to be held in Tianjin at the end of this July.
·I'm writing to invite you to ...
·I'm writing to tell you that there will be a ... Would you like to ...？
邀请信
咨询信
求职信
(2018·济南模拟)I am waiting for your reply at your earliest convenience.
I'm waiting for your early reply.
(2018·浙江高考)I would be grateful if you could give me the chance.
·I would be grateful if you could consider my application/give me the chance.
·I hope to have the opportunity of an interview.
(2018·萍乡模拟)I would appreciate it if you could make up for the loss as soon as possible.
I'd appreciate it if you ... as soon as possible.
投诉信
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Hopefully, these suggestions would be of great help to you. I am looking forward to your good news.
·In the end, I will be very glad if you find my suggestions useful.
·I hope you will find these suggestions practical.
·I'll appreciate you taking my suggestions into account.
建议信
(2018·新乡模拟)I must thank you again for your timely help.
·I must thank you again for your generous help.
·Please accept my gratitude, now and always.
感谢信
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Hopefully, you would make it to our activity. I have the confidence that you will have a great time then.
·We hope that you would make it to our activity.
·We are looking forward to your warm participation.
通知
(2018·天津高考)I'm looking forward to your joining my team.
I'm looking forward to your participation.
邀请信
(2018·太原模拟)I sincerely hope that you will be able to think in my position and accept my apologies.
·Once again, I'm sorry for any inconvenience caused.
·I sincerely hope that you will kindly accept my apologies.
道歉信
7步成文第七步网上阅卷眼神倦，誊写切记“字要端”
通过以上六步的逐步落实，细节完善，一篇美文已经形成，但若要保证完美还得整洁地誊写到卷面上，也就是提升书面表达的“颜值”。因为阅卷老师在有限的时间里必须快速高效地评卷，书写潦草的卷面会使长时间工作已经很疲劳的阅卷老师产生厌倦，留下不好的印象。因此字体工整、卷面整洁的文章更容易吸引眼球、先声夺人，并得到阅卷老师的认真对待，也更容易被发现亮点。卷面书写应符合英文书写习惯，字母的大小和字母之间的距离要匀称，无涂改、增补现象，切忌乱涂乱画。(为避免卷面涂鸦，建议考生在写作时一定要先写草稿，再修改，后誊写)
一、不比不知道，一比吓一跳
[典例感悟] (2018·北京高考书面表达第一节)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括：
1．表示欢迎； 2.推荐他上哪所大学； 3.建议他做哪些准备工作。
注意：1.词数不少于50； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
Yours，
Li Hua
让 阅 卷 老 师 厌 倦 的 试 卷 类 型 典型示例 评卷厌倦点
1.出现了书信格式错误，开头格式就不对。2.书写潦草，有涂改、增补现象。 3.有较多的单词拼写错误、词性应用错误、高级词汇使用错误。 4.有较多的语法错误，根本不会使用高级句式。 5.表达不地道，出现了大量的汉语式英语。 6.语言基础不扎实，整篇文章找不到一个令人感觉良好的句子。
让 阅 卷 老 师 喜 欢 的 试 卷 类 型 典型示例 评卷兴奋点
1.外在美书写规范，卷面整洁，给人赏心悦目之感。 2.结构美 段落层次合理，条理清晰。很好地利用了“三段式”作文法： 第一段：表明写信的目的——表示欢迎； 第二段：具体说明推荐的学校及专业； 第三段：希望对方梦想成真。 3.词汇美 选词准确，能灵活运用高级词汇，语言功底深厚。 4.句式美 句式多变，长短句结合，能灵活运用非谓语动词等高级句式。 5.衔接美 内容连贯，衔接自然，结构紧凑，能有效地使用句子间、段落间的衔接词和过渡语。
二、不求写“凤舞”，但求写工整
[典例感悟] 假定你是李华，最近你校将举办“外国学生讲中国故事”的活动。请你给在中国留学的英国留学生Jack写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．邮件的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jack，
I hope everything is going on well with you.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
[考前临摹增2分]
近年来高考英语写作的命题坚持的思想就是高起点低落点。题目起点很高，突出体现在一些书面表达的话题涉及中国优秀传统文化和社会主义核心价值观。但是最终要将这些中国文化、中国故事、中国礼仪等抽象概念体现在具体的考生生活实际中，体现在考生熟悉的生活中，这就是低落点。这种高起点低落点现象有利于考生充分发挥自己的写作水平，但对平时靠死记硬背、不注重生活积累的考生来说是一个巨大的挑战。我们在此创编8个热点话题，旨在让考生开阔视野，熟悉并掌握当前的一些热点命题素材。
热点话题押题练(一) 中国传统文化
Ⅰ.作文升格
[题目] 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Lucy在当地的一所孔子学院(Confucius Institute)学习。你刚获悉她在学院举办的中文诗词(poetry)比赛中荣获一等奖。请你用英语给她写一封电子邮件表示祝贺，并希望她有机会来中国深造。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[问题作文]
Dear Lucy，
I'm pleased to learn you've just won the first prize in the Chinese poetry competition held in your institute. I'm writing to offer my congratulations to you. I know you love Chinese culture, and now you're studying in a local Confucius Institute. I hope you can have a chance to come to China for further study.
Wish you greater progress in the study of Chinese poetry.
Yours，
Li Hua
[我来升格](词数扩充，词汇、句式升级)
Dear_Lucy，
I'm_pleased_to_learn_you've_just_won_the_first_prize_in_the_Chinese_poetry_competition_held_in_your_institute._I'm_writing_to_offer_my_sincere_congratulations_to_you._It_came_as_no_surprise_to_me_because_I_know_you_love_Chinese_culture,_especially_Chinese_poetry,_and_you've_been_studying_in_a_local_Confucius_Institute_for_years._I'm_so_proud_to_see_all_your_efforts_have_paid_off._I_hope_you_can_have_a_chance_to_come_to_China_for_further_study_in_the_near_future_and_have_a_better_understanding_of_my_country.
Wish_you_greater_progress_in_the_study_of_Chinese_poetry.
Yours，
Li_Hua
Ⅱ.整篇训练
假定你是李华。你的英国笔友David对中国文化有浓厚的兴趣。你校今年暑假将为外国学生举办一场汉语夏令营活动(Chinese Summer Camp)，请你给他发一封电子邮件告诉他该夏令营活动的相关信息，内容包括：
1．时间和地点；
2．内容：学习汉语、了解中国历史和传统文化等；
3．报名方式和截止时间。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear David，
Here comes good news. A Chinese Summer Camp, intended for foreign students, is to be held by our school this summer vacation. Since you show great interest in Chinese culture, I'd like to invite you to join it.
The summer camp is scheduled to last 13 days, from July 20th to August 1st, which covers a wide variety of cultural activities, ranging from studying Chinese to attending some lectures on Chinese history and Chinese traditional culture. I'm convinced that you can dig out Chinese cultural features from the language study. By admiring the historical relics, you will definitely gain a better understanding of the country.
If you want to take part, please sign up for it before July 10th on our school website. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
热点话题押题练(二) 校园生活
Ⅰ.作文升格
[题目] 假定你是李华，你校将于2019年5月16日在学校体育馆组织一次慈善义卖活动。请根据以下要点给你校外籍教师Mr. John写一封信，邀请他一起参加。
1．活动介绍(时间、地点、物品等)；
2．活动意义；
3．盼回复参与意向。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：义卖活动charity sale 体育馆 stadium
[问题作文]
Dear Mr. John，
How is everything going? Know that you are a warm?hearted man and enthusiastic about charity activities, I'm writing to invite you to take part in an charity sale.
The activity will be held at the school stadium in May 16th, 2019, from 8：00 am to 12：00 am. There is varieties of item, such as books, earphones, computers, pens and so on.
As far as I'm concerned, it is an interested and meaningful activity. It can raise people's charity awareness as well as develop the habit of helping people in the need. What's more, this is also a rare opportunity to develop our ability design and organize activities.
Please let me know if you will come or not as soon as possible. I'm looking forward to hear from you.
Yours，
Li Hua
[我来升格](改正文中10处错误)
答案：第二句：Know→Knowing; an→a
第三句：in→on
第四句：is→are; item→items
第五句：interested→interesting
第六句：去掉第二个the
第七句：ability后加to
第八句：if→whether
第九句：hear→hearing
Ⅱ.整篇训练
假定你是李华，正在负责策划你校的“绿色校园”(Green School)活动，请给你的美国笔友Henry写封邮件，向他介绍此次活动内容并征求他的建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Henry，
I have a favor to ask. We are to start a Green School campaign to inspire students to be environmentally conscious at school. Could you give us some advice on our current plan at your convenience?
We plan to play a 30 minutes' video first, which is about how to save water, paper, cans and electricity at school. Students will surely be impressed by the striking figures and helpful tips. Then our science teacher will give a live show in the lab on what actually happens to those recyclable materials during the recycling process. This will be really popular.
What else can we do? Looking forward to your constructive suggestions.
Yours，
Li Hua
热点话题押题练(三) 环境保护
Ⅰ.作文升格
[题目] 假定你是李华，你校即将举行主题为“Let's go green now”的英语演讲比赛。请你用英语写一篇演讲稿，要点包括：
1．倡导绿色生活的原因；
2．实践途径(至少三点)。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[问题作文]
Boys and girls,
I am very honored to give the speech?. With the development of society and economy, the number of private cars is increasing surprisingly?. As we all know, cars give off poisonous gas such as carbon dioxide, causing global warming, frequent natural disasters, human diseases and so on?. In order to protect our environment, we should go green?.
Firstly, we should attach great importance to going green?. Secondly, using fewer private cars can make a great difference to the environment. __?__， we should take full advantage of water, electricity, paper, food and so on. Last but not least, it is a good idea to classify our rubbish and recycle it in our daily life.
That's all. Thank you.
[我来升格]
1．用“It is＋名词＋不定式”改写句①
It_is_a_great_honor_for_me_to_give_the_speech.
2．用介词短语替代②处副词surprisingly
at_a_surprising_speed
3．用it作形式主语改写句③
It_is_well_known_that_cars_give_off_poisonous_gas_such_as_carbon_dioxide,_causing_global_warming,_frequent_natural_disasters,_human_diseases_and_so_on.
4．用句型it is high time that ...改写句④
In_order_to_protect_our_environment,_it_is_high_time_that_we_went/should_go_green.
5．把句⑤改为被动语态
Firstly,_great_importance_should_be_attached_to_going_green.
6．在⑥处加入过渡语
What's_more/In_addition等
Ⅱ.整篇训练
假如你是校学生会的李华。在地球日前夕，请你以“地球——我们共同的家园”为话题，代表学生会向校报提供一份倡议书，倡议全校学生厉行节约、保护环境。内容包括：
1．节约与环保的关系；
2．举例说明中学生该如何厉行节约；
3．倡导发扬关于节约的优良传统以保护环境。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear students，
Earth Day is coming. To build a beautiful home, we should save our natural resources and not destroy the environment. First of all, the habit of saving is very important because natural resources in our world may run out one day. Meanwhile, this habit can help us avoid producing waste, which will make our home — the Earth more beautiful. As students, we should make our contributions. For example, we can recycle our textbooks or use both sides of our exercise books. In this way more wood would be saved. What's more, we Chinese have a good tradition of saving and regard waste as shameful, so let's make joint efforts to create a green and harmonious environment. Your cooperation would be much appreciated.
The Students' Union
热点话题押题练(四) 社会生活
Ⅰ.作文升格
[题目] 假如你是一名失学儿童，名叫李华，你有幸得到在中国工作的Mr. Brown的资助，可以重返校园。你给Mr. Brown写了一封信，内容如下：
1．收到钱和书后能重返校园，非常感激；
2．在老师的帮助下，学习有了很大的进步，受到老师的表扬和鼓励；
3．决心更加努力学习，取得更大的进步；
4．盼望见到Mr. Brown，希望他寄来一张照片。
注意：1.书信应包括以上所有要点，可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2．词数100左右。
[问题作文]
Dear Mr. Brown，
?________________________________ I could not return to school without your help. Thank you so much.
I have been work hard since I went back to school. I have made a great progress in my studies under the help of my teachers. They often praise me and encourage me. But for your help, I might have left school and couldn't have got such good education. I made up my mind to study harder and make greater progress.
How are you getting on with your life and work? I would like to meet you in person, but I have no opportunity to do so. Would you please to send me a photo of yourself?
?________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
[我来升格]
1．在①处补全点题句
I_am_writing_to_express_my_deepest_gratitude_for_the_money_and_books_you_sent_me.
2．在②处补全结尾句
Thank_you_again_for_your_generous_help_and_best_wishes!
3．改正文中错误
(1)时态错误：I could not return→I could not have returned; I made up my mind→I have made up my mind
(2)动词形式错误：I have been work→I have been working; Would you please to send→Would you please send
(3)冠词使用错误：去掉made_a_great_progress中的冠词a
(4)介词使用错误：under the help of→with the help of
Ⅱ.整篇训练
请以李明的名义给《中国日报》英文版写一封信，信的内容为呼吁人们(包括驾驶员和车上人员)在行车途中不要向窗外乱扔东西。要点如下：
1．陈述驾车时向外乱扔东西的不文明行为；
2．开车或坐车时向窗外乱扔东西的危害；
3．提出自己的建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir or Madam，
I'd like to talk about one kind of uncivilized behavior of people on the road.
Yours，
Li Ming
参考范文：
Dear Sir or Madam，
I'd like to talk about one kind of uncivilized behavior of people on the road. As we all know, with the development of economy, more and more people can afford to buy private cars. However, one phenomenon should really be paid attention to on the way of driving. That is throwing rubbish out of cars as they like.
First of all, throwing rubbish out of cars will surely spoil a city's appearance which is supposed to be clean and tidy. What's worse, it is very dangerous to throw rubbish out of cars when driving at a high speed, which may cause severe accidents or even death, as was reported in the news. Besides, it also adds to cleaners' difficulty of collecting rubbish or even threatens their life when they're collecting rubbish.
All in all, this kind of phenomenon must be prevented. I strongly appeal to all the people to stop this kind of uncivilized behavior and the police should give proper punishment to those who violate it deliberately as well.
Yours，
Li Ming
热点话题押题练(五) 语言学习
Ⅰ.作文升格
[题目] 假定你是李华。你的笔友Tom给你写信咨询“如何在班级创设浓厚的汉语学习氛围”。请你用英语给他写一封回信。内容包括：
1．宣传标语用英汉双语；
2．开设汉语角；
3．邀请汉语外教来学校上课。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[问题作文]
Dear Tom，
How are you doing? I'm glad to hear from you. From your letter, I've learnt that you'd like to know what to create a good atmosphere to learn Chinese. It's pleasure for me to give you some advices.
First of all, to raise the awareness of Chinese learning, you'd better to put up signs and slogans written both in Chinese or English. Besides, I'm convincing that setting up a Chinese Corner as a platform for students to practise their spoken Chinese will be of great helpful. Last but not least, it is a good idea to invite a native Chinese teacher, whom has a good command of Chinese, to giving you a lesson.
I do hope my suggestions can be beneficial for you. I'm looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
[我来升格](改正文中10处错误)
答案：第三句：what→how
第四句：pleasure前加a; advices→advice
第五句：去掉better后的to; or→and
第六句：convincing→convinced; helpful→help
第七句：whom→who; giving→give
第八句：for→to
Ⅱ.整篇训练
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友David是网络孔子学院(Confucius Institute Online)的注册学员，给你发来邮件说最近他对中国古诗产生了兴趣。请你给他回一封邮件。内容包括：
1．学古诗的意义； 2.学古诗的方法； 3.给予鼓励。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear David，
I'm glad to know that you're becoming interested in Chinese ancient poetry.
As an important literary form, for a thousand years Chinese ancient poetry has been enjoying great popularity in China. Therefore, learning Chinese ancient poems can not only improve your language skills but also enhance your understanding of Chinese culture.
To learn an ancient poem well, it's necessary to know some background knowledge about it. Besides, read it as much as possible until you can recite it from memory and then you can have a better understanding of it.
All things are difficult before they are easy. If you keep on learning Chinese ancient poems, you'll perfectly understand their meaning and appreciate their beauty.
Yours，
Li Hua
热点话题押题练(六) 人际关系
Ⅰ.作文升格
[题目] 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter得知你家三世同堂，对这种生活方式很不理解。请你就此给他回复一封电子邮件。要点包括：
1．陪伴； 2.照顾； 3.其他。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[问题作文]
Dear Peter，
I have received your letter, which say you can't understand why my grandparents live with us. Therefore, it's a very common phenomenon which three generations live under the same roof. The reason are as follows.
Firstly, it is well?known that old people often feel lonely, included my grandparents. They are willing to live with us about company. More importantly, they need to looked after considering our poor health. We live together so that we can know everything about their mental and physically health. Last but not least, it is an tradition and virtue to respect and take good care of the old in China.
I'm wondering how you support your elders. I'm looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
[我来升格](改正文中10处错误)
答案：第一句：say→says
第二句：Therefore→However; which→that
第三句：reason→reasons
第四句：included→including
第五句：about→for
第六句：to后加be; our→their
第七句：physically→physical
第八句：an→a
Ⅱ.整篇训练
假定你是李华。你的好友，来自美国的交流生Tony在你市首届外国人中华才艺大赛(the First Expats Chinese Show Competition)中未能进入决赛，情绪低落。请给他写封信表示安慰，要点如下：
1．表示理解； 2.给予安慰和鼓励； 3．愿意提供帮助。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Tony，
I'm sorry to hear that you didn't get to the final of the First Expats Chinese Show Competition. I quite understand how you feel now.
I know that you did a lot to get fully prepared for the competition. However, the truth is that all the contestants are very competitive. Therefore, don't be depressed and keep a good state of mind. Failure is the mother of success. As long as you don't lose heart, you'll succeed in time.
Chinese culture is extensive and profound, so it's not easy for foreigners to master it in a short time. If you have any difficulty, don't hesitate to ask me. I'm willing to help you.
Yours，
Li Hua
热点话题押题练(七) 征文投稿
Ⅰ.作文升格
[题目] 随着汽车的数量增加，道路安全问题变得越来越重要。假定你是李华，是校学生会主席，请你根据下面的写作要点，给校报的英语专栏写一篇英语稿件。
1．列举街道上常见的交通违规现象；
2．分析违反交通规则造成的后果；
3．发出几点倡议(至少两点)。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[问题作文]
Dear boys and girls，
I am Li Hua, the chairman of the Students' Union. I'd like call your attention to the importance of obeying the traffic rules. Nowadays, with the number of vehicles is increasing on the road, traffic problems have become part of our life. Some people run the red light at the crossing and other ride their bikes on the roadway. Some drivers drove too fast in the street. All the behavior present potential danger. If we don't obey the traffic rules, there might be more traffic jams and accident. To keep the traffic smoothly, I suggest all the students should obey the traffic rules when walk in the street to make sure we are safe and avoid trouble. Also, I think to lay stress on the traffic safety education is necessary?. Let's take responsible for ourselves and others and take action now!
Yours，
Li Hua
[我来升格]
第一步：规避错误——保基本
上面文中共有10处错误，请改正。
答案：第一句：去掉第一个the
第二句：call前加to
第三句：with→as
第四句：other→others
第五句：drove→drive
第六句：present→presents
第七句：accident→accidents
第八句：smoothly→smooth; walk→walking
第十句：responsible→responsibility
第二步：词句靓化——上档次
使用it作形式主语改写①。
Also,_I_think_it_is_necessary_to_lay_stress_on_the_traffic_safety_education.
第三步：优化结构——争满分
请把上面习作进行合理分段。
Dear_boys_and_girls，
I_am_Li_Hua,_chairman_of_the_Students'_Union._I'd_like_to_call_your_attention_to_the_importance_of_obeying_the_traffic_rules.
Nowadays,_as_the_number_of_vehicles_is_increasing_on_the_road,_traffic_problems_have_become_part_of_our_life._Some_people_run_the_red_light_at_the_crossing_and_others_ride_their_bikes_on_the_roadway._Some_drivers_drive_too_fast_in_the_street._All_the_behavior_presents_potential_danger._If_we_don't_obey_the_traffic_rules,_there_might_be_more_traffic_jams_and_accidents.
To_keep_the_traffic_smooth,_I_suggest_all_the_students_should_obey_the_traffic_rules_when_walking_in_the_street_to_make_sure_we_are_safe_and_avoid_trouble._Also,_I_think_it_is_necessary_to_lay_stress_on_the_traffic_safety_education.
Let's_take_responsibility_for_ourselves_and_others_and_take_action_now!
Yours，
Li_Hua
Ⅱ.整篇训练
假定你是李华，某英文报社向即将毕业的高中生征稿，主题是“向成年出发”，请你根据下列要点用英语写一篇短文向报社投稿。
1．你的心情； 2.你的人生规划(学业、事业等方面)。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
It won't be long before I become an adult, so I feel very excited as well as a bit nervous.
First of all, I'd like to express my sincere gratitude to my parents and teachers, without whom I couldn't have made such great progress in my life and study. Secondly, as an adult, I should learn to be independent. Also, it's time for me to take it into consideration what I will take up in the future. I wish to study in a key university to become a lawyer, using what I have learnt to serve our society.
Adulthood means hope, challenge and responsibility, and I'm sure I can do well in the future.
热点话题押题练(八) 表达看法
Ⅰ.作文升格
[题目] 假定你是某中学的学生李华。请你用英语给出版社的编辑写封信，表达你对现在使用的英语材料的看法，内容主要包括：
优点：1.话题广泛；
2．图片丰富；
3．有助于提高学习兴趣。
建议：适当降低词汇难度。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[问题作文]
Dear Editor，
As a student reader, I am writing to talk about the English textbooks ?which are published by your publishing house.
These books have many advantages. ?One of them is that we can find a variety of topics, such as science, culture and history. These topics, I think, are very popular with us students. ?Many beautiful and colorful pictures are along with the texts?. They can help us understand English better?. Even the students who used to dislike English turned? out to be interested in the subject.
However, some of the texts have too many new words and expressions which are hard for us.? I'd like to suggest change? them into easier ones.
Best regards，
Li Hua
[我来升格]
1．①处使用非谓语动词短语作定语
published_by_your_publishing_house
2．②使用非限制性定语从句修饰前一句中的advantages
These_books_have_many_advantages,_one_of_which_is_that_we_can_find_a_variety_of_topics,_such_as_science,_culture_and_history.
3．在③处添加适当的过渡词，把④句中的表语提前，使用全部倒装，然后把⑤句改为which引导的非限制性定语从句
What's_more,_along_with_the_texts_are_many_beautiful_and_colorful_pictures,_which_can_help_us_understand_English_better.
4．改正⑥处时态错误
turned前加have
5．在⑦处添加过渡词
Therefore
6．改正⑧处错误
change→changing
Ⅱ.整篇训练
假定你是李华，正在加拿大参加短期访问交流活动。你偶然在一本近期的杂志上看到一篇介绍中国端午节的文章，但文章里没有注明日期是中国农历，且文中所配图片是赛艇而不是龙舟。请你给编辑部写一封信，指出其中的错误并要求更正。
内容包括：1.指出错误，给出正确信息；
2．要求更正；
3．赞赏对方介绍中国文化。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：中国农历the Chinese Lunar Calendar；
赛艇rowing boat；龙舟dragon boat
参考范文：
Dear editor，
I am writing to point out to you some of the mistakes in your recent issue about the Chinese Dragon Boat Festival.
The Chinese Dragon Boat Festival falls on May 5th in the Chinese Lunar Calendar, not the calendar used around the world. Also, we compete with dragon boats, at the front of which there are dragon heads, not rowing boats. To correct the mistakes may be constructive and thus readers can acquire right information about Chinese culture. However, I quite appreciate your effort to introduce Chinese culture to your people, which will surely bridge the gap between two countries.
Thank you for your effort.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
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1
让
阅
卷
老
师
厌
倦
的
试
卷
类
型 典型示例
评卷厌倦点
1.出现了书信格式错误，开头格式就不对。
2.书写潦草，有涂改、增补现象。
3.有较多的单词拼写错误、词性应用错误、高级词汇使用错误。
4.有较多的语法错误，根本不会使用高级句式。
5.表达不地道，出现了大量的汉语式英语。
6.语言基础不扎实，整篇文章找不到一个令人感觉良好的句子。
让
阅
卷
老
师
喜
欢
的
试
卷
类
型 典型示例
评卷兴奋点
1.外在美
书写规范，卷面整洁，给人赏心悦目之感。
2.结构美
段落层次合理，条理清晰。很好地利用了“三段式”作文法：
第一段：表明写信的目的——表示欢迎；
第二段：具体说明推荐的学校及专业；
第三段：希望对方梦想成真。
3.词汇美
选词准确，能灵活运用高级词汇，语言功底深厚。
4.句式美
句式多变，长短句结合，能灵活运用非谓语动词等高级句式。
5.衔接美
内容连贯，衔接自然，结构紧凑，能有效地使用句子间、段落间的衔接词和过渡语。
“书面表达热点话题押题练”见
“热点话题押题练（一）~（八）”
(单击进入电子文档)
7步成文第五步靓词佳句升级完，衔接顺畅“修一番”
习作的润色主要包括两方面，一是词句的美化，着眼于句子内部；二是语句的衔接，着眼于句子与句子之间、段与段之间。一篇100词左右的文章，几个衔接词看似微不足道，其实不然，缺乏有效衔接的文章就如同缺乏粘合的墙壁一样——松散、易垮。
一、“四档”“五档”差在哪
[典例感悟] (2018·浙江高考写作)假定你是李华，你校英语协会招聘志愿者，接待来访的国外中学生。请你写信应聘，内容包括：
1．口语能力； 2.相关经验； 3.应聘目的。
注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
“冤屈的”四档作文(得分11分) 升格后的五档作文(得分14分)
Dear Sir/Madam， I've learned that the English Association of our school is now in need of some volunteers to receive foreign students visiting our school. I'm writing to apply to join it, thinking that I'm well qualified for the job. I have developed fluency in spoken English. I have no difficulty communicating with them. I have accumulated related experience by working part?time in a travel agency, accompanying some foreign tourists. I treasure this as a good chance to broaden my perspective as well as improve my spoken English. Looking forward to your reply at your convenience. Yours， Li Hua Dear Sir/Madam， I've learned that the English Association of our school is now in need of some volunteers to receive foreign students visiting our school. I'm writing to apply to join it, thinking that I'm well qualified for the job.For one thing, I have developed fluency in spoken English. As a result, I have no difficulty communicating with them. For another, I have accumulated related experience by working part?time in a travel agency, accompanying some foreign tourists. More importantly, I treasure this as a good chance to broaden my perspective as well as improve my spoken English. Looking forward to your reply at your convenience. Yours， Li Hua
名 师 点 评 左栏的文章运用了现在分词作状语、宾语从句、非谓语动词等；in need of, be well qualified for, develop fluency in, accumulated, broaden my perspective, as well as等的应用也恰到好处；文章采用了三段式，分段合理，总体来说是一篇不错的作文。但美中不足的是缺少了语句间的连接成分，感觉好像只是一些句子的简单堆砌，使得文章读起来稍欠流畅，故勉强归入四档。右栏的作文加上一些连接词后使文章结构紧凑，过渡自然，从而上升了一个档次，从四档跨入了五档。
二、如何由“四档”升“五档”
四档作文与五档作文在衔接过渡方面的差别在于：一个是应用简单的语句间的连接成分；一个是有效地使用了语句间的连接成分。一个“简单”，一个“有效”，凸显写作功底、凸显档次差别。有效地使用语句间的连接成分巧妙地衔接过渡，利用好“起、承、转、合”四种方法使文章流畅自然，是考生书面表达跨进五档线的必备条件。
[常用开头词汇]
表示“起”的词汇常用在段落或文章的开头，用于开篇引出扩展句。常见的词汇有：first, firstly, first of all, at first, in the first place, above all, to begin/start with, today, now, nowadays, at present, currently, recently, generally speaking, according to等。
First, I think everyone needs friends and is eager to get friendship.
First of all, we must make full use of every 45?minute lesson.
Nowadays/Recently, people in many big cities are complaining about the heavy traffic.
To begin/start with, smoking should be banned in public areas.
Generally speaking, the more you practise, the more skillfully you can write in English.
[常用开头句式]
As the proverb says/As the saying goes, “Time is money.”
With the development of the Internet, computers play an important role in people's life.
It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.
There is no denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.
It is well?known that an elephant is a very kind and gentle animal.
I'm excited to learn that we are going to start a magazine.
[满分作文选粹]
Generally speaking, your arrival shouldn't be later than the fixed time.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
For one thing, I have developed fluency in spoken English.(2018·浙江高考写作)
Now I'm writing to tell you the plan for the next class.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
I'm happy to receive your letter and know you're coming to China.(2017·北京高考书面表达)
As is indicated in the graph, the box?office income of Chinese films increased constantly from 2012 to 2015.(2017·江苏高考书面表达)
[常用顺承词汇]
表示“承”的词汇常用于承接主题句或第一个扩展句。常见的词汇有：second/secondly, also, besides, in addition, soon afterwards, after that, what's more, furthermore, moreover, what's worse, still less, to make matters worse, worse still, for example, in other words, especially, particularly, obviously, meanwhile, at the same time等。
Also, do let me know if you need more information.
Secondly, we should get up early to memorize idioms and useful expressions.
Obviously, a good learning habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.
Besides, developing a good habit of learning can help you improve your learning effectively.
What's more, good books can help us to develop good characters.
In addition, we shouldn't neglect that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful society.
Meanwhile/At the same time, I will regard it as my duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.
[常用顺承句式]
Take Beijing for example, it is one of the biggest cities in the world.
What is more serious is that we don't cherish wildlife.
As far as I am concerned, they stand for love, friendship and unity.
[满分作文选粹]
What's more, it is big enough to hold all the teachers and students in our school.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
What I want to stress is that our group is looking for new members right now.(2018·天津高考书面表达)
In addition, there are famous artists who will perform how to cut paper on the spot.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
At the same time, we will divide the members into several groups to practice at 5：00 pm after school.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
As far as I'm concerned, every summer I stay at my uncle's house in the country for three weeks and enjoy a wonderful life there.(2016·四川高考书面表达)
[常用转折过渡词汇]
表示“转”的词汇常用来表示不同或相反的意见或情况。常见的词汇有：but, yet, however, while, otherwise, or (else), on the contrary, on the other hand, contrary to, in any case, though, although, as, even if/though, despite, in spite of, regardless of等。
But unfortunately I mind my own business without considering my parents.
However, not until the match was over did we realize that we became the loser.
On the other hand, online shopping also has many disadvantages.
On the contrary, the volunteers always claim that they are tired of the life on earth.
Contrary to what I had originally said, the trip turned out to be fun.
[常用转折过渡句式]
Whatever/No matter what you say, he won't believe you.
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
As a matter of fact, I didn't agree with you.
[满分作文选粹]
There is no denying that such ratings might bring convenience to consumers, but they are often misleading and unreliable.(2018·江苏高考书面表达)
However, the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future.(2017·江苏高考书面表达)
[常用结尾词汇]
表示“合”的词汇常用于小结段落中上文的内容，引导最后一个扩展句或引导结尾句表示段落的结束。常见的词汇有：finally, last but not least, in short, in brief, in conclusion, in a/one word, to sum up, all in all, on the whole, in general等。
All in all, traveling is the best choice to recharge ourselves and get ready for the new challenges.
In conclusion, a good citizen should observe traffic regulations.
On the whole, I find a bike more enjoyable than a motorcycle.
In a word, success is important, and so is failure, because it's the mother of success.
To sum up, environmental protection is of great importance, which can make us live more comfortably and healthily.
[常用结尾句式]
I'd appreciate it if you could deliver them as soon as possible.
Only with combined efforts can we expect our hometown to take on a new look in the near future.
We can, therefore, come to the conclusion that nothing is so precious as peace in the world.
From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that you must have self?confidence if you want to achieve something.
[满分作文选粹]
Therefore, we should give a second thought to these ratings whenever we go shopping.(2018·江苏高考书面表达)
In a word, I like everything in spring, especially the feelings bathed in the rain and sunshine.(2016·四川高考书面表达)
In short, Internet voting, to some extent, is unfair, if not immoral, and cannot be trusted.(2016·江苏高考书面表达)
[课堂应用体验]
Ⅰ.用过渡词汇或句式补全句子
1．First_of_all/To_begin_with (首先), the most significant thing is to set a goal, work out a plan and carry out your plan step by step.
2．As_far_as_I_am_concerned (就我而言), I love wealth, but I value health more.
3．As_a_matter_of_fact/In_fact (事实上), advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.
4．Besides/In_addition/What's_more/Moreover (况且), listening to some soft music does relax your mood and give you a new start.
5．I lost my way in the forest and to_make_matters_worse/worse_still (更糟的是), it got dark.
6．Therefore (因此), I suggest we live in harmony with the nature.
7．In_a_word/In_conclusion/In_short/In_brief (总之), changes in our life in the past twenty years have brought us comfort and convenience.
8．It's_(high)_time_that (到了……的时候了) we took some measures to solve the problem.
9．We_can_draw_a_conclusion_that (我们可以得出一个结论) our society is progressing and people are living a better life than ever before.
10．From_this_experience,_I_learned_that (从这次经历中，我了解到) being careful is very important and that we can't be too careful, especially in examinations.
Ⅱ.篇章训练
阅读下面短文，选择适当的过渡词或短语填空
in my opinion， recently， worse still， on the one hand， on the other hand， however
现在很多学校严禁学生上学带手机，但是仍有许多学生把手机带到学校。请你结合此现象谈谈你的看法，并给校报英语专栏投稿。内容要点如下：
1．简述该现象；
2．谈谈带手机上学的弊端；
3．阐述你的观点。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
①Recently many schools have taken tough measures to forbid students to bring their mobile phones to school.②However, some students break this rule and some even play with their mobile phones in class.
The disadvantages of students bringing mobile phones to school are obvious.③On_the_one_hand, mobile phones can distract students' attention.④On_the_other_hand, some students may get access to some unhealthy websites, which are bad for their development.⑤Worse_still, some students are likely to compare the brands of their mobile phones with their classmates'.
⑥In_my_opinion, I strongly support banning mobile phones in schools.Only in this way can we devote more energies to our study and achieve our goals.
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“冤屈的”四档作文(得分11分)
Dear Sir/Madam，
I've learned that the English Association of our school is now in need of some volunteers to receive foreign students visiting our school. I'm writing to apply to join it, thinking that I'm well qualified for the job.
I have developed fluency in spoken English. I have no difficulty communicating with them. I have accumulated related experience by working part?time in a travel agency, accompanying some foreign tourists. I treasure this as a good chance to broaden my perspective as well as improve my spoken English.
Looking forward to your reply at your convenience.
Yours，
Li Hua
升格后的五档作文(得分14分)
Dear Sir/Madam，
I've learned that the English Association of our school is now in need of some volunteers to receive foreign students visiting our school. I'm writing to apply to join it, thinking that I'm well qualified for the job.
For one thing, I have developed fluency in spoken English. As a result, I have no difficulty communicating with them. For another, I have accumulated related experience by working part?time in a travel agency, accompanying some foreign tourists. More importantly, I treasure this as a good chance to broaden my perspective as well as improve my spoken English.
Looking forward to your reply at your convenience.
Yours，
Li Hua
名
师
点
评 左栏的文章运用了现在分词作状语、宾语从句、非谓语动词等；in need of, be well qualified for, develop fluency in, accumulated, broaden my perspective, as well as等的应用也恰到好处；文章采用了三段式，分段合理，总体来说是一篇不错的作文。但美中不足的是缺少了语句间的连接成分，感觉好像只是一些句子的简单堆砌，使得文章读起来稍欠流畅，故勉强归入四档。右栏的作文加上一些连接词后使文章结构紧凑，过渡自然，从而上升了一个档次，从四档跨入了五档。
