人教 版 英语选修8 Unit 1　A land of diversity名词性从句 课件 （共50张）

课件50张PPT。人教课标
高二 选修 8
Unit 1Unit 1 A land of diversity名词性从句（一）Look at the following clauses in the sentences and think about what role do these clauses play in the sentences. What attracts people to California is its pleasant climate and relaxed lifestyle. 主语 Revision and presentation However, most applicants know that they have very little chance of getting a visa. 宾语 This is why each year a great number of people from all over the world try to immigrate to California.表语1. 概念
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等, 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能, 名词从句又可分别称为主语从句(Subject Clause)、宾语从句(Object Clause)、表语从句(Predicative Clause) 和同位语从句(Appositive Clause)。名词性从句What he wants to tell us is not clear.

I believe (that) he is honest.
The question is who (which of you) will be the next speaker.
The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world. 主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句2. 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词/从属连词 that, whether, if?不充当从句的任何成分
连接代词: what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which
连接副词: when,?where,?how,?why3. 不可省略的连词：
1) 介词后的连词
2)?引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 That?she?was?chosen?made?us?very?happy.
We?heard?the?news?that?our?team?had?won. Subject Clause (主语从句)
Object Clause (宾语从句)
Predicative Clause (表语从句) Noun clause一、主语从句在复合句中作主语, 它可
以位于句首, 但常见的主语从句多放在
句末, 句首则用形式主语 it。That the earth is round is true.
= It is true that the earth is round. 主语从句的用法2. Whether he will come hasn’t been decided.
= It hasn’t been decided whether he will come.
注意: 连词 that, whether 在从句中不担任 句子成分, 只起连接作用, 不能省略 (注: if 不可用来引导主语从句）二、用 it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is＋名词＋从句
It is a fact that … 事实是……
It is an honor that ……非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that…是常识
(2) It is＋形容词＋从句 (多用 should)
It is natural that … 很自然……
It is strange that … 奇怪的是……(3) It is ＋ 不及物动词＋从句
It seems that … 似乎……
It happened that … 碰巧……
It appears that … 似乎……
(4) It is ＋ 过去分词＋从句
It is reported that … 据报道……
It has been proved that … 已证实…
It is said that … 据说……It is certain that he will come.
It is said that some American friends will visit our school next week.
It happened that we were out for a walk yesterday evening.
It doesn’t matter whether I stay or not.三、用带 –ever 的引导词 (如 whoever, whatever) 引导的主语从句一般不后置。
Whoever leaves the room last should close the door.
Whatever we do must be in the interests of the people.四、it 作形式主语和 it 引导强调句的比较
it 作形式主语代替主语从句, 主要是为了平衡句子结构, 主语从句的连接词有变化。而 it 引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调, 无论强调的是什么成分, 都可用连词 that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.
It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.
It is in the morning that the murder took place.
It is John that broke the window.五、what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区别
what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句
子成分, 如主语、宾语、表语, 而 that 则不
然, 即不担任何成分。例如：
What you said yesterday is right.
That she is still alive is a consolation. 句子结构：
主句 + 连接词(引导词) + 宾语从句
连接词:
从属连词 that, whether, if
连接代词 who, whom, whose, which, what
连接副词 where, how, why, when宾语从句的用法He has got a pen. I think …
I think (that) he has got a pen.
Where do they study English? Lily asks …
Lily asks where they study English.
Will you help me? I ask …
I ask if you will help me.一、连词 (引导词)
1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句), 连词由 that 引导, 因为that 在从句中不作任何成分, 也没有任何具体意思, 因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。 He said (that) he would like to see the headmaster.
Jane said (that) she wasn’t late for the meeting. 2. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时, 由特殊疑问词充当连接词, 因为该特殊疑问词 (即连接词) 在从句中担任一定的句子成分, 具有一定的意义, 所以不可以省略。Do you know what he said just now?
I don’t remember when we arrived.
I asked him where I could get so much money.
Please tell me who we have to see.
Do you know what time the plane leaves?Mary wrote an article on ______ the team had failed to win the game.
A. why B. what
C. who D. thatI was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ___ silly mistakes I had made.
A. what B. that
C. how D. which3. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时, 由连词whether 或 if 引导(口语中常用 if), 因为 if/whether 翻译成“是否”, 具有一定的意义, 所以不能省略。
Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag.
Let’s see if /whether we can find out some information about that city. 注意:
① 关联词只能用 whether 不能用 if。表 示 “是否”的情况如下：
A. 在表语从句和同位语从句中。如：
The question is whether the film is
worth seeing.
The news whether our team has
won the match is unknown.B. 在主语从句中，只有用 it 作形式主语 时, whether 和 if 都能引导主语从句, 否则, 也只能用 whether。如:
Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
It hasn’t been decided whether (if) we shall attend the meeting.C. 在介词之后。(介词往往可以省略) 如:
It all depends (on) whether they will support us.
D. 后面直接跟动词不定式时。如：
　 He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.
E. 后面紧接 or not 时。如：
　 We didn’t know whether or not
she was ready.② 关联词 if, whether 均可使用的情况 如下：
A. 引导宾语从句。如：
I wonder if (whether) the news is
true or not.
B. 在“be + 形容词”之后。如：
He was not sure whether (if) it is
right or wrong.③ 关联词只能用 whether 或 if, 不能用 that 的情况如下：
　 若 doubt 一词作“怀疑”解接宾语从句 时, 主句为肯定句用 whether 或 if, 主 句为否定句或疑问句用 that。如：
I doubt whether he will come soon. I do not doubt that he will come soon.
Do you doubt that he will come soon?
注意: 下面这个例句中 doubt 的含义为“认为……未必可能”。
I doubt that he will come.4. 跟在介词后的宾语从句: 宾语从句放在 介词后作介词的宾语, 在使用这种结构 时不能丢掉介词。
There is no news about whether a new bridge will be built.
We are considering of where these trees should be planted.二、语序: 连接词＋陈述句
合成一个句子：
He would be back in an hour. He said …
He said (that) he would be back in an hour.Do they speak English? We want to know …
We want to know if / whether they can speak English.
What is her name? He asks me …
He asks me what her name is.三、时态：
如果主句是过去的时态(包括一般过去时, 过去进行时), 那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态。When will Professor Li give us a talk? We wanted to know …
We wanted to know when Professor Li would give us a talk. Jim is a good student. The teacher said …
The teacher said (that) Jim was a good student. Has Mr. Green been in Beijing for five years? He asked …
He asked if/whether Mr. Green had been in Beijing for five years.四、在 think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词之后, 宾语从句中谓语的否定常转移到主句的谓语上。
I don’t think he will see you.
I don’t believe he will go.
We don’t expect he is coming.
I don’t think he can do it, can he? 注: 此种用法主句的主语必须是第一人称 I 或 we，而且它的反意疑问句的助动词由从句的助动词来定。
I don’t think he can do it, can he?
I don’t think you are right, are you? 在 suggest, insist, demand, order, require 等表示建议, 命令, 要求的动词后, 从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。如:
I insisted that he (should) do it at once.
She suggested that the work (should) be finished at once. 注意:
1. 当从句是客观真理, 定义, 公理, 定理时用一般现在时。
2. 如果主句的谓语动词是 ask 时, 连词不可能是 that; 如果主句的谓语动词是say 时, 连词用 that。
1) She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.2) He asks if I like playing the piano.
3. 如果从句中含有 or 或 or not 时, 只能用 whether 而不用 if。
Do you know whether he is right or not?
I don’t care whether he’ll stay here or not.
I don’t know whether it is going to rain or not.五、在接复合宾语的句子中, 为了保持句子平衡, 用 it 作形式宾语, 将从句放于句尾, 常接复合宾语的动词有: make, find, see, hear, feel, think ...
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.
I?think?it?a?pity?to?waste?the?food. 在复合句中用作表语的从句是表语从句, 引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样, 表语从句位于连系动词后, 有时用 as if 引导。其基本结构为:主语 + 系动词 + that 从句。
That’s what we should do.
That’s why I want to see you. 表语从句的用法 The reason for my absence was that I was ill.
1. be, seem, look 等动词后均可跟表语从句：
My suggestion is that we should go shopping.
It seems that it is going to rain. 2. as if, because 也可引导表语从句。
It looks as if it’s going to rain.
It was because I got up late.
3. 在非正式文体中, 引导表语从句的 that可以省略。如:
The trouble is (that) he is ill. 注意:
在表语从句中, 当reason做主语时, 引导词只能用that, 不能用because。如:
The reason why he was late was that he didn’t catch the early bus.
他迟到的原因是因为他没有赶上早班车。4. 主句的主语是名词 idea, advice, suggestion, order, request, requirement 时, 表语从句应用虚拟语 气。即: (should) + v.
My suggestion is that we should have a discussion about this matter instead of just setting it aside.
Finish Activities 1-3 on page 49 on the workbook.Homework