2020大一轮复习讲义：Book 4 Unit 3 taste of English humour

基础知识默写(学生用书259～260页)
1.humour n.幽默；滑稽
humorous adj.幽默的
2.content adj.满足的；满意的 n.满足 vt.使满足
3.performer n.表演者；演出者
perform v.表演
performance n.表演
4.astonish vt.使惊诧
astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的
astonished adj.吃惊的
astonishment n.惊讶
5.fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的
fortune n.财富；运气
6.bored adj.厌烦的
boring adj.令人厌烦的
bore vt.使厌烦
7.entertain vt.& vi.使欢乐；款待
entertaining adj.有趣的；愉快的
8.homeless adj.无家的；无家可归的
9.overcome vt.& vi.战胜；克服
10.convince vt.使信服
convincing adj.令人信服的
convinced adj.确信的
11.direct vt.& vi.导演；指示；指挥 adj.直的；直接的；直率的
direction n.指导；方向
12.slide vt.& vi.(使)滑动；(使)滑行 n.滑；滑动；幻灯片
13.whisper n.耳语；低语 vt.& vi.低语；小声说
14.throughout prep.遍及；贯穿 adv.到处；始终；全部
15.comedy n.喜剧
16.outstanding adj.突出的；杰出的；显著的
17.budget n.预算；开支
18.detective n.侦探
19.mountainous adj.多山的；山一般的
20.particular adj.特殊的；特别的 n.细节；细目
particularly adv.特殊地；特别地
21.gesture n.姿态；手势 vi.做手势
22.react vi.作出反应；回应
reaction n.回应
23.failure n.失败(者)
fail v.失败；不及格
24.occasion n.时刻；场合
occasional adj.偶尔的
25.amuse vt.使发笑；使愉快
amusing adj.好笑的；有趣的
26.explanation n.解释；讲解；说明
explain vt.解释
27.mess n.脏或乱的状态
messy adj.凌乱的；肮脏的
28.up to now 直到现在
29.feel/be content with对……满足
30.badly off穷的；缺少的
31.pick out挑出；辨别出
32.cut off 切断；断绝
33.convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事
34.star in在……担任主角；主演
35.in particular尤其；特别
36.pick up拿起；偶然获得；收听；好转
37.react to对……作出反应；回应
38.As Victor Hugo once said，“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”， and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.
维克多·雨果曾经说过：“笑容如阳光，驱赶人们脸上的冬天。” 关于这一点，直到今天也没有人能比查理·卓别林做得更好。
39.Unfortunately his father died，leaving the family even worse off，so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.
不幸的是他的父亲去世了，使得他的家庭状况更糟了，因此查理的童年是在照顾生病的母亲和弟弟中度过的。
40.Then he picks out the lace of the shoe and eats it as if it were spaghetti.
然后他挑出鞋带来吃，像是吃意大利面条一样。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.If you work out bright and early in the morning，you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout(整个) the day.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
2.Of the outstanding(杰出的) ladies listed below，who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years？(2016·全国Ⅰ)
3.Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless(无家可归的) due to their wrong investment.(2018·江苏)
4.Anger is a particularly(特别地) strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.(2018·北京)
5.Managing the family budget(预算) must have been a very hard task，but she made it look effortless.(2016·浙江)
6.She speaks in a whisper(小声) so as not to wake him up.
7.I made friends with the natives，and their reaction(react) amazed me.
8.Our visit to the theatre made the holiday more amusing(amuse).
9.Failure(fail) is a normal and natural pan of life that is neither good nor bad.
10.Fortunately(fortunate)，I have booked another ticket for next Wednesday.I hope you can pick me up then.
11.The data we have collected is not enough to be convincing(convince).
12.You are the one who must decide what to pursue and in what direction(direct) to aim your life.
13.I can’t find anything on this messy(mess) desk.
14.He managed to remain cool by swimming occasionally(occasion).
15.We all like that speaker who is very humorous(humor).
Ⅱ.选词成篇

Many years ago，he went to South America 1.in search of gold，but unfortunately，he went into a primeval forest by chance and 2.was cut off from the outside world.There，he met with some natives and tried to communicate with them，but they didn’t 3.react to him.Later，he tried his best to 4.convince them of his kindness.During that time，he 5.picked up a little local language and finally became good friends with the natives.

Zhao Benshan was 6.badly off when he was young.Not 7.feeling content with the life in the countryside，he tried his best to be a famous actor.Having achieved great success，he 8.picked out many talented young people to be his students and some of them have been very popular with us，Xiao Shenyang and Wang Xiaoli 9.in particular.10.Up to now，Zhao Benshan has directed many TV series and 11.starred in them.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.As the old saying goes，“Actions speak louder than words.”(as引导定语从句)
常言道，行动胜于语言。
2.The fire lasted nearly a week，leaving nothing valuable.(现在分词短语作结果状语)
那场大火持续了近一周，没有剩下什么值钱的东西。
3.As they grow older，the children are becoming stronger and stronger.(as引导时间状语从句)
随着年龄的增长，孩子们变得越来越强壮。
4.The young man wears long hair as if he were a girl.(as if)
那个男青年留着长发，看上去像个姑娘。
1.“戏剧”集
(1)comedy n.喜剧
(2)tragedy n.悲剧
(3)drama n.戏剧
(4)opera n.歌剧
(5)musical n.音乐剧
2.“招待”有别
(1)entertain vt.& vi.使欢乐；款待
(2)treat v.招待
(3)serve v.服务；招待
(4)receive v.接待
3.不一样的“满足”
(1)feel/be content with对……满足
(2)be satisfied with对……感到满意
(3)meet/satisfy the needs/requirements满足要求
(4)supply the demand满足要求
4.“反应”相同
(1)react to对……作出反应
(2)respond to响应；回应……
(3)reply to回答；回应……
content adj.满意的，满足的
n.满足；内容；所含之物；目录
vt.使满足
(1)feel/be content with对……满足/满意
be content to do sth.乐于做某事
(2)content oneself with满足于；使(某人)自己对……感到满足
(3)to one’s heart’s content心满意足地；尽情地
[写出下列句子中content的词性及汉语意思]
(1)She is reluctant to discuss the content of the play. n.内容
(2)There is a table of contents in the front of a dictionary. n.目录
(3)I am very content with my life at present. adj.满意的，满足的
(4)He wisely contented himself with his family and his love of nature. v.使满足
(5)I emptied the contents of the fridge into carrier bags. n.所含之物，所容纳之物

(1)convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事
convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事
(2)convinced adj.确信的；深信的
be convinced of/that...相信……
(3)convincing adj.令人信服的
(1)His mother has been trying to convince him to see(see) a doctor.
(2)This last argument is the most convincing(convince) to me.
(3)How can I convince you of her honesty?
(4)Convinced(convince) that his friend would survive，he told the coast guard where they had parted.
[句式升级]
(5)He was convinced of its truth，and he felt pleased.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
Convinced of its truth，he felt pleased.

direct v.导演；指示；指挥
adj.直的；直接的；直率的

(1)direct sb.to sp.指引某人到某处
direct sb.to do...指示/命令某人做……
(2)direction n.指导；方向；(常用复数)说明书
in every direction＝in all directions 朝四面八方
in the direction of朝……方向
under the direction of sb.＝under sb.’s direction在某人的指导下
(3)director n.导演；主任
directly adv.直接地；立即 conj.一……就……(引导时间状语从句)
(1)Can you direct me to the station?
(2)I went home directly(direct) I had finished my homework.
(3)When the police arrived，the crowd scattered in every direction/in all directions(朝四面八方).
[句式升级]
(4)The general directed the troops to attack.(改为复合句)
The general directed that the troops (should) attack.
(5)Under his direction we finished the work.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
Directed by him，we finished the work.
易错点拨　direct表示“命令”时，后可以引导that从句，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。

particular adj.特别的；特殊的；讲究的；挑剔的
n.细节；细目
?1?be particular about/over对……挑剔/讲究
?2?in particular ?＝particularly?特别，尤其
(1)The girl is very particular about/over her food.
(2)I noticed her eyes particularly/in particular(特别)，because they were very large.
[熟词生义]　选择句子中particular的汉语意思
(3)Her account is correct in every particular. B
A.特色 B.细节 C.项目

(1)on occasion(s)偶尔，有时
on the occasion of在……之际
on this/that occasion在这个/那个时候
on no occasion绝不，不会(用在句首时句子部分倒装)
(2)occasionally adv.偶尔；间或
(1)I can remember very few occasions when he had to ask for leave because of ill health.
(2)As he works in a remote area，he visits his parents only occasionally/on occasion(s)(偶尔).
[句式升级]
(3)You should on no occasion do such a thing.(改为倒装句)
On no occasion should you do such a thing.

whisper v.耳语；低语；小声说
n.耳语；低语

(1)whisper to sb.与某人耳语；小声说
It is whispered that...据私下/秘密传闻……
(2)in a whisper＝in whispers 低声地

[一句多译]　人们私下说，他正在准备一个惊喜聚会。
(1)People whispered that he was preparing a surprise party.(whisper v.)
(2)People said in a whisper/in whispers that he was preparing a surprise party.(whisper n.)
(3)People said in a low voice that he was preparing a surprise party.(voice)
(4)It was whispered that he was preparing a surprise party.(it作形式主语)

(1)react to对……作出反应
react against反对；反抗
react with与……起化学反应
(2)reaction n.反应；作用
(1)How did he react to your suggestion?
他对你的建议有什么反应？
(2)I tried shaking him but there was no reaction(react).
我试着摇晃他，但没有反应。
(3)Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.
孩子们往往以违背父母的意愿的方式反抗父母。

(1)well off富裕的(better off，best off)
(2)worse still/what’s worse更糟糕的是
to make matters worse更糟糕的是，更严重的是
(1)He is better off than ten years ago；at that time，he was badly off，and to make matters worse/what’s worse/worse still，he lost his job.
他现在比十年前富裕多了；那时他很穷，更糟糕的是，他又失业了。
(2)The school is rather badly off for equipment.(用short短语改写)
→The school is very short of equipment.


[写出下列句子中pick out的汉语意思]
(1)I have picked out the bad potatoes from the basket.挑出，拣出
(2)He picked out an old friend in the crowd.辨认出
(3)I can’t pick out the meaning of the poem.领会
[完成句子]
(4)Uncle Paul，my dad’s friend，picked us up from the airport(从机场接上我们) and drove us up to his farm in Pecos.(2018·浙江)
Unfortunately his father died，leaving the family even worse off...
不幸的是他的父亲去世了，使得他的家庭状况更糟了……

(1)现在分词短语作结果状语常表示意料、情理之中的结果，其逻辑主语常常是整个主句。
(2)不定式短语作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果，不定式前常加only。
(1)The snow lasted a week，resulting in serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
雪下了一个星期，造成了整个地区严重的交通混乱。
(2)They reached the company out of breath only to be told(tell) they were fired.他们上气不接下气地赶到公司，不料被告知他们被开除了。
(3)He went out of the room with few clothes on，only feeling(feel) rather cold.
他出去时衣服穿得很少，渐渐地感到有些冷了。
[句式升级]
(4)Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures，and makes it a happy home for us.(用非谓语动词短语作状语改写)
→Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures，making it a happy home for us.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The baby is sleeping.Therefore，I would rather you talked in a whisper.
2.As is known to us all，not all the people are willing to vote for the people who are eager to be the winners in competitions.(2016·江苏)
3.He spent four years getting a degree，only to find(find) there were no jobs for graduates.
4.Up to a certain point，the more stress you are under，the better your performance(perform) will be.
5.Local residents have reacted angrily to the news.
6.To my great entertainment(entertain)，he promised to entertain us to ice cream.
7.It is whispered that the mayor has been arrested.
8.He took some books with him in order that he would not get bored(bore) during the long journey.
9.The saying reminds us that so long as we have a strong will，there is no difficulty that can’t be overcome(overcome).
10.The film Miss Granny directed(direct) by Chen Zhengdao is popular with young people.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1.With the electricity being cut off，all the machines had to stop working.
2.We shouldn’t complain about being poor because many families are much  off than we are.
3.The mother asked her son to behave himself  that occasion.
4.The general directed that the prisoners  set free.
5.He got up late and hurried to his office， the breakfast untouched.
6. of the truth of the report，he told his colleagues about it.
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
As 1.an outstanding humorous actor，Charlie Chaplin brightened the lives of Americans and British during the period of 2.silent(silence) films.He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed，so they could feel more content 3.with their lives.
His charming character，the little tramp，was well-known all over the world.It was a poor and 4.homeless(home) person wearing large trousers，worn-out shoes 5.and a small round black hat，and 6.carrying(carry) a walking stick.Social failure as the little tramp was，he was loved by all the people for his optimism and determination 7.to overcome(overcome) all difficulties and being kind to others when they were unkind to him.In the famous film The Gold Rush，Chaplin 8.managed(manage) to make the sad situation—eating a boiled shoe 9.entertaining(entertain) by using nonverbal humour.
Such is Charlie Chaplin，loved and remembered as a great actor 10.who/that could inspire people with great confidence.
Ⅳ.教材与短文改错
Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson went camp in a mountainous area.Look up at the stars，Sherlock Holmes whispered，“Watson，when you look at that beautifully sky，what do you think of？” Watson replied to，“I think of how short life and how long the universe has lasted.”“No，no，Watson！”Holmes said.“What do you really think of？”Watson tried again.“I think we are much smaller comparing with the sky.”“Try again，Watson！”said Holmes.Watson tried the third time.“I think of how cold the universe is and how warm people can be on their beds.”Holmes joking said，“Watson，you should be thinking that someone has stole our tent！”
答案
Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson went  in a mountainous area. up at the stars，Sherlock Holmes whispered，“Watson，when you look at that  sky，what do you think of？”Watson replied to，“I think of how short life  and how long the universe has lasted.”“No，no，Watson！”Holmes said.“What do you really think of？”Watson tried again.“I think we are much smaller  with the sky.”“Try again，Watson！”said Holmes.Watson tried  third time.“I think of how cold the universe is and how warm people can be  their beds.”Holmes  said，“Watson，you should be thinking that someone has  our tent！”
Ⅴ.教材与微写作
写作素材(关于农民歌手)
1.刘大成是个普通的农民，他很满足于现在的生活。(定语从句)
2.他很喜欢唱歌，经常用他的歌给人们带来欢乐。
3.虽然他家很穷，但他克服种种困难练习唱歌，使自己在他的家乡出名。(让步状语从句)
4.幸运的是，他在中央电视台一次歌唱比赛中以令人信服的歌喉获得了成功。
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
Liu Dacheng is an ordinary farmer,1.who is content with his life now.He likes singing very much and often 2.entertains people with his songs.3.Although/Though his family was badly off，he 4.overcame a lot of difficulties to practice singing and 5.made himself famous in his hometown.Fortunately,6.his convincing voice contributed to his success in a singing competition on CCTV.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
话题：节假日活动　难度星级：☆
(2019·河北唐山一中期中)
Below are some best special interesting holidays—all are new for 2017 and have high quality guides or tutors and strong programmes.
Holland in bloom river cruise(巡游) with Alan Titchmarsh
Alan Titchmarsh is the star attraction on this river cruise.Alan joins you for a visit to the magnificent Keukenhof Gardens—home to 800 varieties of tulips(郁金香)．The Telegraph’s gardening expert will talk about the best new varieties and the garden’s history.
April 19，￡1,495 including flights from the UK and some meals.Telegraph Tours (0161 236 2444；telegraph.co.uk/titchmarshtour)．
Morocco Sketchbook
Led by artist Maxine Relton，this tour takes in Marrakesh helping you develop your drawing skills.Rapid line and figure drawing and colour mixing are all covered and the eight-day holiday is based in Kasbah du Toubkal.
May 8，￡2,495 including some meals.Steppes Travel (01285 601 495；steppestravel.co.uk)．
Ballroom and Latin American dancing in Tenerife
This travel provides daily dance tuition with David Bowie who’ll be on hand to teach dancing techniques.It is aimed both at the beginners and more experienced dancers looking to improve their skills.There’ll also be time to explore the island on foot or play a round of golf.
April 26，￡769 full-board.Saga (0800 096 0084；travel.saga.co.uk)．
Fishing in Northern Argentina
This nine-day fly fishing and conservation tour takes in the Iberá Marshlands，the world’s second largest wetlands.Here expert fisherman，Charles Jardine，is the guide as you fish.Based in Estancia Rincon del Socorro，the holiday also includes opportunities for horse riding and bird-watching.
October 15，￡5,095 full-board.Cazenove ＋ Loyd (02038135082；cazloyd.com)．
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了作者建议的四个有趣的度假方式。
1．Who might be interested in the Morocco Sketchbook holiday trip?
A．Amateur painters.
B．Bird watchers.
C．Sports lovers.
D．Photographic amateurs.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据Morocco Sketchbook部分的第一句“Led by artist Maxine Relton，this tour takes in Marrakesh helping you develop your drawing skills.”可知，喜欢画画的人可能对摩洛哥写生感兴趣。故选A。
2．On which trip can people ride horses?
A．Morocco Sketchbook.
B．Fishing in Northern Argentina.
C．Ballroom and Latin American dancing in Tenerife.
D．Holland in bloom river cruise with Alan Titchmarsh.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据Fishing in Northern Argentina部分第一段最后一句“Based in Estancia Rincon del Socorro，the holiday also includes opportunities for horse riding and bird-watching.”可知，人们能在阿根廷北部捕鱼的假期里骑马。故选B。
3．What can we know from the passage?
A．Fishing in Northern Argentina costs least.
B．Maxine Relton is an expert fisherman.
C．Morocco Sketchbook lasts the longest.
D．Two holidays take place in April.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据文章中四个度假方式的时间可知，第一个和第三个度假方式都在四月份。故选D。
话题：兴趣与爱好　难度星级：☆☆
(2018·四川双流中学二模)
The summer before my dad died，we moved house.Up until that point，our family had our own space to spread out.Money was tight，so there was no television set，but we owned a turntable on which my dad’s records played constantly.Mostly，it played Bob Dylan.Tracks from The Basement Tapes and Desire became an important part of our new life.My brother and I，aged 8 and 10，climbed trees，built hideaways and learned the words of Clothes Line Saga.We would chant over and over，lost in our own joy.
It was January when my dad left us forever because of the cancer.He was 36 going on 37 then，the same age as Dylan.Afterwards，our laughter disappeared，but we kept on playing the records，which became our only ritual of remembrance.The two men became so intertwined in my head，I struggled to tell them apart.
Dylan was my dad’s gift to me.What child wouldn’t be fascinated by songs full of pirates and seasick sailors? How did it feel to have No Direction Home? Farewell，Angelina became my party piece.I would sing this at church cheese and wines to the assembled audience.A lot of donations were made.
Growing up，I remained a fan of the music，but I wasn’t obsessed with Dylan until one day in early 1995，my brother bought us both tickets to see him play at Brixton Academy.London felt like a long way to go.But finally seeing Dylan step out onto the stage brought a sudden rush of excitement.
I have seen Dylan a couple of times since.My brother is not around so much these days.But he was up for a visit recently.We passed a happy evening laughing and drinking，while his son，aged nine，performed his party piece Subterranean Homesick Blues for us.He sang it word-perfect.And so it goes on：Dylan’s music as a gift，passed down the generations.

4．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the passage?
A．To praise his late father.
B．To tell about his family history.
C．To express his longing for family reunion.
D．To show his love for Bob Dylan.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Tracks from The Basement Tapes and Desire became an important part of our new life.”，第二段中的“we kept on playing the records，which became our only ritual of remembrance.”，第三段第一句“Dylan was my dad’s gift to me.”和最后一句中的“Dylan’s music as a gift，passed down the generations.”等信息可知，本文讲述了作者从小到大一直以来对鲍勃·迪伦的喜欢和热爱。故选D。
5．The underlined word “ritual” in the second paragraph means “ ”．
A．passion B．ceremony
C．memory D．belief
答案　B
解析　词义猜测题。此处指父亲去世后我们的笑声消失了，但我们继续播放鲍勃·迪伦的唱片，这成了我们唯一的记忆仪式。“ritual”指仪式，与ceremony同义。故选B。
6．How did the author raise money in his childhood?
A．By singing a Dylan’s song at church gatherings.
B．By providing cheese and wines to church prayers.
C．By playing a private in church performances.
D．By accepting donations from the church.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“I would sing this at church cheese and wines to the assembled audience.A lot of donations were made.”可知，作者在童年的时候通过在教堂聚会上唱迪伦的歌来筹钱。故选A。
7．The recent visit of the author’s brother indicates that .
A．his nephew was ever invited to play in Dylan’s concert
B．his brother has never seen a live performance of Dylan
C．Dylan’s music has influenced three generations of his family
D．Subterranean Homesick Blues is always his favourite song
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But he was up for a visit recently.We passed a happy evening laughing and drinking，while his son，aged nine，performed his party piece Subterranean Homesick Blues for us.”和“Dylan’s music as a gift，passed down the generations.”可知，哥哥带着儿子拜访鲍勃·迪伦及儿子演唱他的歌表明鲍勃·迪伦对作者一家三代人的影响。故选C。
话题：健康　难度星级：☆☆☆
(2019·天津一中质检)
①When we think of humor，we generally think about entertainment—enjoying a stand-up comedy or watching a funny film.But psychologists believe humor can also help improve our mental health and promote social bonding.
②Rod Martin at the University of Western Ontario examined the relationship between a sense of humor and psychological well-being.He found individuals with a good sense of humor had higher levels of self-esteem(自尊)，were more positive in the face of challenging life events，and had more self-protective ways of coping with stress.
③However，this finding is only correlational.It could be that a good sense of humor fosters the positive qualities，and that high levels of self-esteem and a positive mindset may be what allows an individual to develop a good sense of humor.To prove it，researchers randomly appointed 55 adults to three courses：a humor group，a social group，and a control group.At the end of the courses，those in the humor group scored significantly higher on levels of emotional well-being and showed decreased levels of stress and anxiety.The researchers also tested the effects of attending parties as well as watching comedies and funny films.They found that these positive social activities also made these adults more humorous and welcome.
④Well-being in the workplace can also be increased by humor.Both Eric Romero and Kevin Cruthirds at the University of Texas found encouraging moments of jokes among colleagues were generally associated with increased work performance and decreased reports of stress.However，they also raise a caution：any positive result depends on the jokes in question.That the type of humor is key to its benefits clarifies why positive findings in this area are often weak or unclear.As some researchers wisely point out，the problem is that too few of them begin by defining clearly what humor is.He believes there are two types：adaptive and maladaptive(适应不良的)．
⑤Adaptive humor encourages us to feel closer to others and better about ourselves，whereas maladaptive humor is self-defeating，rude and aggressive.Maladaptive humor leads only to lower self-esteem and a distance between you and your colleagues.
⑥The conclusion？Humor can definitely help you，not only with your mental well-being，but also with your colleague relationships—only if it’s adaptive，self-enhancing and acceptable.All in all，kindness is the key.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是幽默。当我们想到幽默时，我们通常想到的是娱乐，但心理学家认为，幽默也有助于改善我们的心理健康，促进社会联系。幽默的人往往心理更健康。
8．What did Rod Martin find about humorous people?
A．They liked seeing funny performances.
B．They used humor to increase self-esteem.
C．They tended to enjoy better mental health.
D．They attached more importance to self-protection.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“He found individuals with a good sense of humor had higher levels of self-esteem(自尊)，were more positive in the face of challenging life events，and had more self-protective ways of coping with stress.”可知，罗德·马丁从幽默的人身上发现了他们往往心理更健康。故选C。
9．According to Paragraph 4，why are positive findings about office humor often weak?
A．Workplace is a special place for people to tell jokes.
B．There are too many factors affecting the results.
C．There’s not enough evidence to show its effects.
D．Different types of humor may have different effects.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段最后四句，特别是倒数第三句可知，关于办公室幽默的积极发现往往很弱是因为不同类型的幽默可能有不同的效果。故选D。
10．What is suggested by the author about humor?
A．Put yourself in others’ shoes when telling jokes.
B．Avoid hurting others when telling jokes.
C．Pay attention to the occasion of your jokes.
D．Get used to others’ jokes about you.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Humor can definitely help you...only if it’s adaptive，self-enhancing and acceptable.All in all，kindness is the key.”可知，作者认为讲笑话时要避免伤害别人。故选B。
11．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
A．①－②③－④－⑤⑥ B．①②－③④－⑤⑥
C．①②－③－④⑤－⑥ D．①－②③－④⑤－⑥
答案　D
解析　篇章结构题。本文第一段提出论点；第二、三段讲述了“幽默”带来的积极影响；第四、五段讲述了“幽默”应该注意的事情；最后一段总结，得出结论。故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2018·河南开封三模)
A new study suggests that the timing of a wound affects the speed at which it heals(痊愈)．Wounds suffered during the day heal around 60 percent faster than those at night.
The study showed how the body’s circadian rhythm(昼夜节律) controlled the healing of wounds. 12 It tells our bodies when to wake up，eat and sleep in a cycle—a series of activities that repeat themselves day after day. 13
In the study，researchers found that skin cells moved faster to repair wounds suffered during the day.Their findings were published in the journal Science Translational Medicine.
The researchers examined cells，mice，and burn injury databases. 14
Night-time burns—burns suffered between 8 o’clock at night and 8 o’clock the next morning—were 95 percent healed after an average of 28 days.
But after an average of 17 days，daytime burns—burns suffered between 8 o’clock in the morning and 8 at night—were 95 percent healed. 15
Wounds are very costly to treat. 16 In Britain’s National Health Services，for example，such services cost around 6.56 billion per year.Experts say the high costs result，in part，from a lack of drugs that speed up the closure of wounds.
A．Each cycle lasts about 24 hours.
B．The circadian rhythm is like a clock or timer.
C．Specifically，their investigation found the following information：
D．The new study’s findings could help scientists develop better drugs.
E．In other words，night-time injuries took an average of 11 days longer to heal.
F．Worldwide，billions of dollars are spent every year on wound-treatment services.
G．That’s what a group of researchers from a university in Canada recently published.

12．答案　B
解析　第二段首句“The study showed how the body’s circadian rhythm(昼夜节律) controlled the healing of wounds.”提到了昼夜节律，而选项B(昼夜节律就像一个闹钟或是定时器)也进一步作了说明，故选B。
13．答案　A
解析　由上文中的“It tells our bodies when to wake up，eat and sleep in a cycle—a series of activities that repeat themselves day after day.”可知A项(每个循环持续24小时)符合语境，故选A。
14．答案　C
解析　第五、六段是调查研究结果，故选C(他们的调查研究发现了如下信息)。
15．答案　E
解析　此处是对本段前文内容的总结。故E项(换句话说，夜晚时间的受伤愈合时间平均起来，要长于11天)符合语境，故选E。
16．答案　F
解析　由前文“Wounds are very costly to treat.”及下文可知这里提到了受伤治疗的花费问题，故选F(世界范围内，每年用于受伤治疗服务的花费数以亿计)。