《现在完成时》教学设计
一、教学目标：
（一）知识目标：
1. 掌握现在完成时的句型和构成，即have/has + 动词过去分词。
2. 掌握现在完成时的用法。
3. 学会区别一般过去、现在完成时在时间上的不同。
（二）能力目标：
1. 培养学生能用现在完成时谈论自己过去的经历，能够正确地运用现在完成时和一般过去时。
2. 培养学生的学习兴趣，开拓学生的视野，增强学生对外界知识的了解。
3. 结合教材内容，培养学生的阅读能力。
（三）情感教育目标：
1. 使学生在学习中学会交流、合作，增强英语的重要性意识和未来的职业意识、。
2．引导学生多动手、多观察、多思考，促进认识能力的发展。
二、教材分析
教材对于现在完成时的句型和构成说明详细，对于现在完成时的用法有一定的讲解，但不够详细，而且时态之间的区别讲的很少。
三、学情分析
学生对在完成时的构成和用法比较模糊，而且分析能力较弱，做题思路不够清晰。
四、教学重点
1. 现在完成时的句型构成和用法。
2. 学会区别一般过去、现在完成时在时间上的不同。
五、教学难点
一般过去时和现在完成时的区别。
六．教学步骤：
导入
1.介绍现在完成时，分析现在完成时的基本结构以及基本用法。如：
构成:have/ has + done (过去分词)
肯定式：I（You）have studied.
He(She, It) has studied.
We(You,They) have studied.
否定式: I(You) have not/haven’t studied.
He(She,It)has not/hasn’t studied.
We(You,They) have not/ haven’t studied.
疑问式：Have I( you ) studied?
Yes, you (I) have. No,you (I) haven’t.
Has he (she,it) studied?
Yes,he(she,it) has. No,he(she,it) hasn’t.
Have we(you,they) studied?
Yes, you (we,they) have.No,you (we,they) haven’t.
不规则动词过去分词
1） AAA型(三种都一样)
如：cost cost cost cut cut cut
hurt hurt hurt shut shut shut
set set set
2）ABB型(过去式与过去分词相同)
如: bring-brought-brought
catch caught caught
lead led led
3） ABC型(三种都不一样)
如：begin-began-begun
take took taken ring rang rung
do did done go went gone
4）ABA型(原形与过去分词相同)
如: come-came-come
become became become
run ran run
现在完成时用法
表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
-- It’s so dark. --Someone has turned off the light.
(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑)
-- Are you free? --I have finished my homework. I am free
(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)
表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态.常与since + 过去的时间点，for + 一段时间，so far 等时间状语连用。
I have learnt English for more than ten years.
我已经学了10多年的英语。(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)
She has swum since half an hour ago.
我已经游泳了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)
现在完成时中的标志性词汇
◆常与①already, ②yet, ③ever, ④never, ⑤ just, ⑥before,
⑦up to now, ⑧so far, ⑨for the last few weeks ⑩these days,
⑾since ⑿for a long time 等时间状语连用
（四）现在完成时中标志词的用法区别
1.already与yet
2.ever与never
3.just与just now
4.before
与一般过去时的用法比较
现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。
（六）当堂训练
一.动词填空。
1._____ you already________ (clean) the room?
--Yes, we __________(do) that already.
- When _______ you ______(do) it?
- We _______(do) it an hour ago.
2_____ he ______(see) this film yet? Yes.
-- When _____ he _____(see) it?
-- He ______ it last week.
3. _____you ever ______(be) there many times?
4. I __________ (read) the novel twice. It’s interesting.
5. She _________(go) to Pairs, hasn’t she? Yes.
6. －How ______ she _____(go) there yesterday?
－She _____(go) there by air.
二.选用 for和 since填空:
1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time.
2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago.
3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes.
4.Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China.
5.His grandparents have been dead ______ several years.
6. It’s five years _______ we met last time.
板书设计：
1. have/has + 动词的过去分词
2. have been to/ have gone to 的区别
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现在完成时
The Present Perfect Tense
一、构成:
have/has+动词过去分词
①陈述句肯定形式。
主语+ have/has+ 过去分词+其它
eg. I have had lunch.已经吃过午饭了。?????
?? He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。
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? 现在完成时的基本句型
②陈述句否定形式。
主语+ have/has+ not+过去分词+其它
（在助动词have/has后+not，可缩写为haven’t/hasn’t）
eg.? I haven’t had lunch. 我还没吃饭???????????
He hasn’t gone to Beijing.
他还没有去北京。
③一般疑问句形式及其答语。Have/Has+主语＋过去分词＋其它
（将助动词have/has提前，句末加问号）
肯定回答：Yes , 主语＋ have/has.
否定回答：No , 主语+haven’t/hasn’t.
－Has he gone to Beijing?
－Yes, he has?./?No, he hasn’t.
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④特殊疑问句形式（疑问词+一般疑问句）
??特词+ have/has+主语＋过去分词＋其它？
eg. Where has he gone? ?他去了哪里？
（改为否定句和一般疑问句并肯否回答)
I have read Little Woman.
→I haven’t read Little Woman .
→Have you read Little Woman?
不规则动词原型-过去式-过去分词形式：
1） AAA型(三种都一样)
如：cost cost cost cut cut cut
hurt hurt hurt shut shut shut
set set set
2）ABB型(过去式与过去分词相同)
如: bring-brought-brought
catch caught caught
lead led led
3） ABC型(三种都不一样)
如：begin-began-begun
take took taken ring rang rung
do did done go went gone
4）ABA型(原形与过去分词相同)
如: come-came-come
become became become
run ran run
二、含义:
(定义一)表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响和产生的结果.它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系.常用的时间状语有already, yet, ever, never, just, before等.
-- It’s so dark.
--Someone has turned off the light. (有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑)
?
(定义二)
表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用.
for＋一段时间
（two weeks/six months/five days）for短语表示动作延续多长时间 。
He has taught in this school for four years. （我们认识有二十年了。）
I haven’t seen her for a long time.
（我好久没有见到她了。）
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e.g. I have been in the new school for a week.
for a week
last week
present
past
for + 时间段
我已经来新学校一周了。
e.g. Lily has been away from home since last Friday.
since last Friday
last Friday
present
past
since + 时间点
Lily自从上周五就离开了家。
since +
从句(一般过去时)
?
?
词组
(表示过去某一时间的)时间点
Eg. I have been here since 2000.
I have been here since 5 years ago.
I have been here since I graduated in 2000.
注: 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 绝不能用when.
Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.
How long have you lived here?
She has stood here since 2 hour ago.
How long has she stood here?
Fill in the blanks with for or since.
1. His father has been dead ___ many years.
2. He has been away from the army _____ seven years because of a leg wound.
3. He has been in Beijing ______ 2003.
4. He has been a member of Helpers’ Club _______ 2004.
5. He has had a house ______ 2005.
6. He has kept the car ______ one year.
for
for
since
since
since
for
注3): 短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用, 当然也不能用于how long引导的问句中.
Eg.(误)I have left there for 5 years.
(正)I have been away there for 5 years.
现在完成时中标志词的用法区别
1.Already
肯定句: 句中(助后实前)/句末 “己经”
一般疑问句: 句末(表示惊讶的语气) “难道”
Eg. I’ve already had breakfast. (更常见)
= I’ve had breakfast already.(表示强调)
Have you had breakfast already?
注: 有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词.
Eg. She’s already eighty years old.
It was already very late.
2. yet在现在完成时中的用法
否定句:句末 “还(没)”
疑问句: 句末 “己经”
Eg. I haven’t had breakfast yet.
Have you had breakfast yet?
注: 带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末.
Eg. I have already done my homework.
否定句:
一般疑问句:
I haven’t done my homework yet.
Have you done your homework yet?
?
3. ever在现在完成时中的用法
肯定句/疑问句 : 句中 “曾经”
Eg. I’ve ever been to Beijing.
Have you ever been to Beijing?
4. never在现在完成时中的用法
否定句: 句中 “从来没有”
Eg. I’ve never been to Beijing.
注: 带ever的肯定句变否定句时, 要将ever变成never; 带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No, never.”
Eg. He has ever made dumplings.
否定句:
Have they ever travelled by train?
No, never.
He has never made dumplings.
5. just在现在完成时中的用法
用于句中, 表示“刚刚”
Eg. I’ve just had breakfast.
What have they just done?
6. before在现在完成时中的用法
用于句末, 表示“以前”
Eg. I’ve seen it before.
Has she ridden a bike before ?
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用；而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
动 词 填 空：
1._____ you already________ (clean) the room?
--Yes, we __________(do) that already.
- When _______ you ______(do) it?
- We _______(do) it an hour ago.
Have
cleaned
have done
did
do
did
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2_____ he ______(see) this film yet? Yes.
-- When _____ he _____(see) it?
-- He ______ it last week.
3. _____you ever ______(be) there many times?
Has
seen
did
saw
see
Have
been
4. I __________ (read) the novel twice. It’s interesting.
5. She _________(go) to Pairs, hasn’t she? Yes.
6. －How ______ she _____(go) there yesterday?
－She _____(go) there by air.
have read
has gone
did
go
went
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选用 for和 since填空:
1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time.
2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago.
3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes.
4.Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China.
5.His grandparents have been dead ______ several years.
6. It’s five years _______ we met last time.
for
since
for
since
for
since
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Thank you!
