高考必备语法之定语从句课件（55张）
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文档简介
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
意义 描述主句所涉及的人或物的具体情况, 是主句不可或缺的一部分, 若省去, 主句意义不完整, 甚至没有意义 对主句所描述的人或物提供一些附加情况, 起补充说明作用, 若省去, 主句意义仍完整
结构要求 紧跟先行词, 主句和从句间不用逗号分开 主句和从句间用逗号分开
功能 修饰先行词 既可修饰先行词也可修饰整个句子
引导词 关系代词: who, whom, whose, which, that
关系副词：when, where, why 关系代词: who, whom, whose, which, as
关系副词：when, where
e.g. This is the house (which) we bought last
month.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。
The house, which we bought last month, is
very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的。
The man (whom/that/who) I met in the
street was a driver.
我在街上碰到的那个人是个司机。
His mother, who loved him very much, died
in 1998.
他的母亲很爱他, 但在1998年去世了。
注意: ① 专有名词具有“独一无二”的含义, 通常
只能由非限制性定语从句修饰。
e.g. Lu Xun, who died in 1936, was a famous
writer in China.
鲁迅于1936年去世, 是中国一位著名的作家。
② 既可以作为限制性定语从句又可作为非限制
性定语从句, 注意意义上的差别。
e.g. There are 20 students in this class who are
from the northeast of China.
在这个班里, 有20名来自中国东北的学生。
There are 20 students in this class, who are
from the northeast of China.
这个班有20名学生, 他们来自中国的东北。
(一) 关系代词
关
系
代
词 that 指物和人 在从句中作主语或宾语
which 指物 在从句中作主语或宾语
who,
whom 指人 在从句中作主语和宾语
whose 指人和物 在从句中作定语
as 指物 在从句中作主语
(二) 关系副词
关
系
副
词 when 指时间 在从句中作时间状语
where 指地点 在从句中地点状语
why 指原因 在从句中原因状语
注意:
① 在口语和非正式场合, when, where和
why或相当于关系副词的“介词+
which”结构可用that来代替并可省略。
e.g. Do you know anywhere (that) I can get
a drink?
你知道在哪儿我能喝杯酒吗？
② why或that引导的定语从句, 先行词是reason,
且reason又作主句主语时, 表语从句不能用
because引导, 而要用that引导。其句型为：
The reason why...is that...或The reason
that...is that...。
e.g. The reason why he was late for school was
that he was injured in the traffic accident
on his way to school.
他上学迟到的原因是他在上学路上的交通
事故中受伤了。
The reason that he explained at the meeting was that he had to look after his mother in hospital.
他在会上解释的原因是他不得不去照顾他住院的母亲。
③ “地点模糊”的先行词后跟where引导的定语从
句。当先行词为point, situation, conditions,
case, position, stage, scene, spot, activity,
family, job等表示某人/物所处的情况、发展的
阶段或表达某事的某个方面时, 用where引导定
语从句, where相当于from which, under which
等, 表示“在这种情况下”, “从……中”等。
e.g. We’re just trying to reach a point where both
sides will sit down together and talk.
我们只是尽力想能达到双方共同坐下来商谈
的地步。
(三) 关系代词与关系副词的选择依据
1. 考虑代替先行词的关系词在从句中充当的语法成分, 如果关系词在从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语, 就用关系代词；如果关系词在从句中作状语, 就用关系副词。
The house
needs repairing.
他住的房子需要修理。
where he lives
which/that he lives in
2. 辨别先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点还
是原因。
e.g. I don’t like the man who always speaks ill of
others.
我不喜欢总是说他人坏话的人。
I will never forget the days when we worked
together.
我永远也忘不了我们在一起工作的日子。
3. 判断从句是限制性还是非限制性定语从句。
e.g. A dictionary is a book that gives the
meanings of words.
词典是解释词语意思的书。
A dictionary is a book, which gives the
meanings of words.
词典是一本书, 它给出词语的意思。
4. 判断关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语,
取决于定语从句中的谓语动词。
e.g. This is the point where I disagree.
这就是我不同意的地方。
(disagree为不及物动词, 故关系词用
where。)
This is the point (which/that) I disagree
with. 这就是我不同意的地方。
(从句缺少介词with的宾语, 用
that/which引导, 也可以省略)
1. 关系代词that与which
先行词指物时, which与that 一般可以互换，
但也有特殊情况。
1) 只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况。
a. 先行词前有序数词或形容词用最高级修饰，或
先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时，用
that不用which。
e.g. The first place that they visited in London
was the Big Ben.
This is the best film that I ever seen.
b. 先行词是不定代词all, little, few, much,
something, anything, everything, none, nothing,
some等时, 用that不用which。
e.g. Have you taken down everything that Mr Li
said?
李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？
There seems to be nothing that is impossible
to him in the world.
对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。
All that can be done has been done.
所有能做的都做了。
c. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much,
one of, the only, the very, the right, the last,
few, just等修饰时, 用that不用which。
e.g. All the guests that were invited to her
wedding were important people.
所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.
这正是我要买的词典。
Give me any books that you would recommend.
给我你要推荐的书。
d. 先行词既有人又有物, 兼顾两者, 用that不用
which。
e.g. They talked about the persons and things
that they remembered at school.
他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。
e. 主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时, 用that不
用which。
e.g. Who is the man that is standing by the gate?
站在门口的那个人是谁？
Which is the T?shirt that fits me most?
哪件T恤衫最合我的身？
f. 当先行词在主句中作表语, 而且关系代词在
定语从句中也作表语时, 用that不用which。
e.g. Shenzhen is no longer the city that it used
to be.
深圳不再是过去的样子了。
g. 主句是there be句型时, 修饰主语的定语从句
用that不用which。
e.g. There is a seat in the corner that is still free.
在那个角落还有一个座位空着。
h. 有两个定语从句时, 一个从句的关系代词已用
which, 另一个要用that。
e.g. The country built up a factory which produces
things that have never been seen before.
这个国家建立了一个生产以前从未见到过的
东西的工厂。
i. 用作关系副词, 修饰表示时间的名词, 如
day, time, moment等代替when时, 用
that不用which。
e.g. It happened on the day that (when) he
was born.
这事碰巧发生在他出生的那天。
2) 只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况
a. 关系代词前有介词时, 用which不用that。
e.g. The chair on which she sat is made of wood.
她坐的那把椅子是用木头做的。
b. 引导非限制性定语从句时, 用which不用that。
e.g. Football, which is a very interesting game, is
played all over the world.
足球, 一项非常有趣的运动, 在全世界流行。
c. 先行词后面有插入语时, 用which不用that。
e.g. Here is the English grammar book which,
as I’ve told you, will help you improve
your English.
这就是我告诉过你的那本英语语法书, 它能
帮你提高英语水平。
d. 先行词本身就是that时, 用which不用that。
e.g. What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?
刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么？
e. 代表主句中谓语的整体概念时, 用which
不用that。
e.g. He can swim in the sea, which I can’t.
他能在大海里游泳, 我不能(在大海里游泳)。
f. 代表整个主句时, 用which不用that。
e.g. He broke my cup, which made me angry.
他打破了我的杯子, 这使我很生气。
2. 关系代词that与who
1) 只用who而不用that引导定语从句的情况。
a. 先行词是指人的不定代词, 如: one, ones, anyone,
no one, those, all, nobody, anybody, none等时, 用
who不用that。
e.g. People all like those who have good manners.
人们都喜欢那些有礼貌的人。
b. 在there be句型中, 多用who指代人。
e.g. There are some people who want to have
holidays in Hainan.
有一些想去海南度假的人。
c. 当先行词指特定的人时, 关系代词多用who, 不
指特定的人时, 多用that。
e.g. The aunt who came to see us last week is my
father’s younger sister.
上周来看我们的姑姑是我父亲的妹妹。
d. 在非限制性定语从句中作主语时, 用who不用
that。
e.g. Professor Wang, who is over sixty, still works
hard day and night.
王教授已年过六旬, 依然夜以继日努力工作
着。
e. 当先行词有较长的后置定语或在被分割
的定语从句中时, 用who不用that。
e.g. Professor Smith is coming soon who
will give us a talk on how to learn
English.
史密斯教授不久就要来给我们作一场
关于如何学英语的讲座。
3. as与which引导定语从句的区别
as与which都可以代指主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容, 有时可以互换。
e.g. He married her, as/which was natural.
很自然地, 他和她结婚了。
as的特殊用法：
(1) as引导的定语从句可以放在句首, 而which则不
能。
e.g. As is known to us all, China is developing rapidly.
众所周知, 中国发展迅速。
(2) as表示“正如, 正像”, 而which无此意。
此时, as从句中常有know, expect, happen, point out, plan, suggest等单词或短语。
e.g. He came back home late, as we expected.
正如我们所料, 他回家晚了。
注意: as引导的定语从句常见句式有：
as is known to all(众所周知), as is often the case(经常是这个情形), as is mentioned above(如上所述), as is announced(如宣布的那样)。
(3) 当先行词被the same, such修饰时, 定语
从句需用as引导。
e.g. It is such a difficult problem as none of
us can work out.
这么难的一道题, 我们没人做得出。
He wears the same coat as I do.
他穿着跟我一样的外套。
注意:
当先行词被the same修饰时, that也可引导定语从句, 但意义有所不同。the same...as指同样或同类的事物；the same...that指同一个事物。
e.g. This is the same watch as I lost.
这块表与我丢的那块一样。(不是同一块表)
This is the same watch that I lost.
这就是我丢的那块表。(是同一块表)
1. 在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介
词的选用和它前面的先行词或它后面的从句
中谓语的搭配有关。如：
They tried to think of a plan with which they could complete their task ahead of time.
It isn’t a subject to which I devote a great deal of thought.
2. “介词+关系代词”前可有名词、数词或
some, any, none, both, all, neither, most,
each, few等代词。如：
The house, the windows of which were
damaged, is being repaired now.
She has four daughters, two of whom are
teachers.
The speed of growth of the plant is
influenced by a number of factors, most of
which we have no control over.
3. “介词+ which”引导定语从句时，介词可以
是in (the) front of, at the foot of, in the
middle of等复合介词。如：
He lived in a big house, in front of which
stood a big tree.
定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句知识外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。纵观近几年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括：
1. 考查关系代词和关系副词的区分。如:
that, which和where, when的区分; that,
which和why的区分等。
2. 考查whose的使用。whose可以指代人或
物, 在定语从句中作定语, 后跟名词。指
物时, whose+名词=名词+of which=of
which+名词。如：
The classroom whose door/the door of
which/of which the door is broken is on
the second floor.
3. 考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。尤其要重
视which，as引导的非限制性定语从句和it，what
引导的主语从句的区分。
4. 考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。如：
I, who am your close friend, will try my best to
help you whenever you are in trouble.
5. 考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。“介词＋
关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用
whom，指物时用which，不能用that。关系代词
作定语时也可用whose。如：
The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall
tree is very patient with his students.
同时还要重视“复杂介词或代词”出现时与并列句的区别。如：
He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (定语从句)
He loved his parents deeply and both of them are very kind to him. (并列句)
此外，“介词+which+名词”结构，也是一个较为特殊的结构。如：
He was very ill, in which case (=and in this case) we sent him to hospital first.
6. 考查一些特殊的先行词。如: 当situation,
point, case, activity, scene及period,
festival, occasion等出现时, 要注意具体情
况具体分析; 作主语、宾语和表语时, 用关
系代词that/which; 作状语时, 用关系副词
where/when或“介词＋which”, 表示在某
种特定的情形下。
7. 考查定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区
别。如：
The news that he had passed the exam pleased him and his family. (同位语从句)
The news (that) he told me this morning is not interesting. (定语从句)
It was 1914 when the war broke out. (时间状语从句)
It was in 1914 that the war broke out. (强调句)
I. 用适当的关系词填空。
1. Lighting bonfires at this time of the year is a
tradition __________ goes back to the 17th
century.
2. The thought of going home to his family was
all ________ kept him happy while he was
working abroad.
3. These people, ______ identities will be
kept secret, will be paid $40 a day.
which/ that
whose
that
4. The beach is the place ________ I most like
to be in the summer.
5. Recent accidents, ________ fifteen people
lost their lives, have renewed concerns over
the safety of overnight buses.
6. Laura was always helping her brother with
his physics after school, ________, of course,
made her parents very happy.
7. The police are looking for two boys aged 14,
_____ stole a computer from the office.
8. He has been unwell, and this may be the
reason ________ he lost the match.
where
where
which
who
why
9. Do you know the date ________ we have to
submit the first essay?
10. Our flight from London to Hong Kong
actually stopped in Singapore, ________
we hadn’t expected.
which
when
II. 选用括号内合适的关系词填空。
1. It’s not what you say but the way ______
(which, that) you say it that annoys her.
2. There are a lot of students in the reading
room, most of ________ (whom, which)
have their heads bent down over their books.
3. The park ________ (which, where) I usually
go running in is across the road.
4. Have you met with a situation ________
(where, which) you can’t deal with?
5. A huge amount of oil was spilled, the effects
of ________ (which, that) are still being felt.
that
whom
which
which
which
6. The danger of driving is something ________
(which, that) worries me each time I travel.
7. About 30 of her friends and relations came to
the airport to welcome her back, some of
________ (that, whom) had traveled long
distance.
8. The difficulties of living near the volcano are
well understood by the people ________ (who,
whom) farm the land there.
that
whom
who
9. There are times ________ (when, which) I
wonder what my life would be like without
friends.
10. _____ (As, Which) you will find, I will
never let you down.
when
As
III. 用适当的“介词+关系代词”填空。
1. They showed enormous kindness to me,
________ I will always be grateful.
2. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single
person, ________ she could turn for help.
3. She has recently published a collection of
short stories, most ________ first appeared
in the magazine.
4. Jane, ________ I placed the greatest trust,
failed to meet my expectations.
for which
to whom
of which
on whom
5. The wedding, ________ only members of
the family were invited, took place last Friday.
6. Fortunately we had a map, ______________
we would have got lost.
7. She has now moved back to the house on Long
Island ________ she was born.
8. In the novel by Peters, ________ the film is
based, the main character is a teenager.
9. There are still many things in our solar system
________________ we know nothing.
to which
without which
in which
on which
of/ about which
IV. 将下面每组句子合并成一个含非限制性定
语从句的复合句。
1. Mr. Carter is very interested in our plan. I
spoke to him on the phone last night. → _______________________________________
_______________________________________
2. The street I live in is very noisy at night.
This makes it difficult to sleep. → _______________________________________
_______________________________________
Mr. Carter, to whom I spoke on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan.
The street I live in is very noisy at night, which
makes it difficult to sleep.
3. The Queen’s last visit was in May. She
opened the new hospital then. → _______________________________________
_______________________________________
4. I have sent my friend two letters. She has
received neither of the letters. → _______________________________________
_______________________________________
5. The new stadium will be opened next
month. It can hold 90,000 people. → _______________________________________
_______________________________________
The Queen’s last visit was in May, when she
opened the new hospital.
I have sent my friend two letters, neither of
which she has received.
The new stadium, which can hold 90,000 people,
will be opened next month.
6. Sheila is away from home a lot. Her job
involves a lot of traveling. → _______________________________________
_______________________________________
7. John is one of my closest friends. I have
known him for a very long time.→ _______________________________________
_______________________________________
Sheila, whose job involves a lot of traveling, is
away from home a lot.
John, who / whom I have known for a very long time, is one of my closest friends.
8. She lived in Rome for a couple of years. She
taught English there. → _______________________________________
_______________________________________
She lived in Rome for a couple of years,
where she taught English.
意义 描述主句所涉及的人或物的具体情况, 是主句不可或缺的一部分, 若省去, 主句意义不完整, 甚至没有意义 对主句所描述的人或物提供一些附加情况, 起补充说明作用, 若省去, 主句意义仍完整
结构要求 紧跟先行词, 主句和从句间不用逗号分开 主句和从句间用逗号分开
功能 修饰先行词 既可修饰先行词也可修饰整个句子
引导词 关系代词: who, whom, whose, which, that
关系副词：when, where, why 关系代词: who, whom, whose, which, as
关系副词：when, where
e.g. This is the house (which) we bought last
month.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。
The house, which we bought last month, is
very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的。
The man (whom/that/who) I met in the
street was a driver.
我在街上碰到的那个人是个司机。
His mother, who loved him very much, died
in 1998.
他的母亲很爱他, 但在1998年去世了。
注意: ① 专有名词具有“独一无二”的含义, 通常
只能由非限制性定语从句修饰。
e.g. Lu Xun, who died in 1936, was a famous
writer in China.
鲁迅于1936年去世, 是中国一位著名的作家。
② 既可以作为限制性定语从句又可作为非限制
性定语从句, 注意意义上的差别。
e.g. There are 20 students in this class who are
from the northeast of China.
在这个班里, 有20名来自中国东北的学生。
There are 20 students in this class, who are
from the northeast of China.
这个班有20名学生, 他们来自中国的东北。
(一) 关系代词
关
系
代
词 that 指物和人 在从句中作主语或宾语
which 指物 在从句中作主语或宾语
who,
whom 指人 在从句中作主语和宾语
whose 指人和物 在从句中作定语
as 指物 在从句中作主语
(二) 关系副词
关
系
副
词 when 指时间 在从句中作时间状语
where 指地点 在从句中地点状语
why 指原因 在从句中原因状语
注意:
① 在口语和非正式场合, when, where和
why或相当于关系副词的“介词+
which”结构可用that来代替并可省略。
e.g. Do you know anywhere (that) I can get
a drink?
你知道在哪儿我能喝杯酒吗？
② why或that引导的定语从句, 先行词是reason,
且reason又作主句主语时, 表语从句不能用
because引导, 而要用that引导。其句型为：
The reason why...is that...或The reason
that...is that...。
e.g. The reason why he was late for school was
that he was injured in the traffic accident
on his way to school.
他上学迟到的原因是他在上学路上的交通
事故中受伤了。
The reason that he explained at the meeting was that he had to look after his mother in hospital.
他在会上解释的原因是他不得不去照顾他住院的母亲。
③ “地点模糊”的先行词后跟where引导的定语从
句。当先行词为point, situation, conditions,
case, position, stage, scene, spot, activity,
family, job等表示某人/物所处的情况、发展的
阶段或表达某事的某个方面时, 用where引导定
语从句, where相当于from which, under which
等, 表示“在这种情况下”, “从……中”等。
e.g. We’re just trying to reach a point where both
sides will sit down together and talk.
我们只是尽力想能达到双方共同坐下来商谈
的地步。
(三) 关系代词与关系副词的选择依据
1. 考虑代替先行词的关系词在从句中充当的语法成分, 如果关系词在从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语, 就用关系代词；如果关系词在从句中作状语, 就用关系副词。
The house
needs repairing.
他住的房子需要修理。
where he lives
which/that he lives in
2. 辨别先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点还
是原因。
e.g. I don’t like the man who always speaks ill of
others.
我不喜欢总是说他人坏话的人。
I will never forget the days when we worked
together.
我永远也忘不了我们在一起工作的日子。
3. 判断从句是限制性还是非限制性定语从句。
e.g. A dictionary is a book that gives the
meanings of words.
词典是解释词语意思的书。
A dictionary is a book, which gives the
meanings of words.
词典是一本书, 它给出词语的意思。
4. 判断关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语,
取决于定语从句中的谓语动词。
e.g. This is the point where I disagree.
这就是我不同意的地方。
(disagree为不及物动词, 故关系词用
where。)
This is the point (which/that) I disagree
with. 这就是我不同意的地方。
(从句缺少介词with的宾语, 用
that/which引导, 也可以省略)
1. 关系代词that与which
先行词指物时, which与that 一般可以互换，
但也有特殊情况。
1) 只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况。
a. 先行词前有序数词或形容词用最高级修饰，或
先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时，用
that不用which。
e.g. The first place that they visited in London
was the Big Ben.
This is the best film that I ever seen.
b. 先行词是不定代词all, little, few, much,
something, anything, everything, none, nothing,
some等时, 用that不用which。
e.g. Have you taken down everything that Mr Li
said?
李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？
There seems to be nothing that is impossible
to him in the world.
对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。
All that can be done has been done.
所有能做的都做了。
c. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much,
one of, the only, the very, the right, the last,
few, just等修饰时, 用that不用which。
e.g. All the guests that were invited to her
wedding were important people.
所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.
这正是我要买的词典。
Give me any books that you would recommend.
给我你要推荐的书。
d. 先行词既有人又有物, 兼顾两者, 用that不用
which。
e.g. They talked about the persons and things
that they remembered at school.
他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。
e. 主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时, 用that不
用which。
e.g. Who is the man that is standing by the gate?
站在门口的那个人是谁？
Which is the T?shirt that fits me most?
哪件T恤衫最合我的身？
f. 当先行词在主句中作表语, 而且关系代词在
定语从句中也作表语时, 用that不用which。
e.g. Shenzhen is no longer the city that it used
to be.
深圳不再是过去的样子了。
g. 主句是there be句型时, 修饰主语的定语从句
用that不用which。
e.g. There is a seat in the corner that is still free.
在那个角落还有一个座位空着。
h. 有两个定语从句时, 一个从句的关系代词已用
which, 另一个要用that。
e.g. The country built up a factory which produces
things that have never been seen before.
这个国家建立了一个生产以前从未见到过的
东西的工厂。
i. 用作关系副词, 修饰表示时间的名词, 如
day, time, moment等代替when时, 用
that不用which。
e.g. It happened on the day that (when) he
was born.
这事碰巧发生在他出生的那天。
2) 只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况
a. 关系代词前有介词时, 用which不用that。
e.g. The chair on which she sat is made of wood.
她坐的那把椅子是用木头做的。
b. 引导非限制性定语从句时, 用which不用that。
e.g. Football, which is a very interesting game, is
played all over the world.
足球, 一项非常有趣的运动, 在全世界流行。
c. 先行词后面有插入语时, 用which不用that。
e.g. Here is the English grammar book which,
as I’ve told you, will help you improve
your English.
这就是我告诉过你的那本英语语法书, 它能
帮你提高英语水平。
d. 先行词本身就是that时, 用which不用that。
e.g. What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?
刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么？
e. 代表主句中谓语的整体概念时, 用which
不用that。
e.g. He can swim in the sea, which I can’t.
他能在大海里游泳, 我不能(在大海里游泳)。
f. 代表整个主句时, 用which不用that。
e.g. He broke my cup, which made me angry.
他打破了我的杯子, 这使我很生气。
2. 关系代词that与who
1) 只用who而不用that引导定语从句的情况。
a. 先行词是指人的不定代词, 如: one, ones, anyone,
no one, those, all, nobody, anybody, none等时, 用
who不用that。
e.g. People all like those who have good manners.
人们都喜欢那些有礼貌的人。
b. 在there be句型中, 多用who指代人。
e.g. There are some people who want to have
holidays in Hainan.
有一些想去海南度假的人。
c. 当先行词指特定的人时, 关系代词多用who, 不
指特定的人时, 多用that。
e.g. The aunt who came to see us last week is my
father’s younger sister.
上周来看我们的姑姑是我父亲的妹妹。
d. 在非限制性定语从句中作主语时, 用who不用
that。
e.g. Professor Wang, who is over sixty, still works
hard day and night.
王教授已年过六旬, 依然夜以继日努力工作
着。
e. 当先行词有较长的后置定语或在被分割
的定语从句中时, 用who不用that。
e.g. Professor Smith is coming soon who
will give us a talk on how to learn
English.
史密斯教授不久就要来给我们作一场
关于如何学英语的讲座。
3. as与which引导定语从句的区别
as与which都可以代指主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容, 有时可以互换。
e.g. He married her, as/which was natural.
很自然地, 他和她结婚了。
as的特殊用法：
(1) as引导的定语从句可以放在句首, 而which则不
能。
e.g. As is known to us all, China is developing rapidly.
众所周知, 中国发展迅速。
(2) as表示“正如, 正像”, 而which无此意。
此时, as从句中常有know, expect, happen, point out, plan, suggest等单词或短语。
e.g. He came back home late, as we expected.
正如我们所料, 他回家晚了。
注意: as引导的定语从句常见句式有：
as is known to all(众所周知), as is often the case(经常是这个情形), as is mentioned above(如上所述), as is announced(如宣布的那样)。
(3) 当先行词被the same, such修饰时, 定语
从句需用as引导。
e.g. It is such a difficult problem as none of
us can work out.
这么难的一道题, 我们没人做得出。
He wears the same coat as I do.
他穿着跟我一样的外套。
注意:
当先行词被the same修饰时, that也可引导定语从句, 但意义有所不同。the same...as指同样或同类的事物；the same...that指同一个事物。
e.g. This is the same watch as I lost.
这块表与我丢的那块一样。(不是同一块表)
This is the same watch that I lost.
这就是我丢的那块表。(是同一块表)
1. 在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介
词的选用和它前面的先行词或它后面的从句
中谓语的搭配有关。如：
They tried to think of a plan with which they could complete their task ahead of time.
It isn’t a subject to which I devote a great deal of thought.
2. “介词+关系代词”前可有名词、数词或
some, any, none, both, all, neither, most,
each, few等代词。如：
The house, the windows of which were
damaged, is being repaired now.
She has four daughters, two of whom are
teachers.
The speed of growth of the plant is
influenced by a number of factors, most of
which we have no control over.
3. “介词+ which”引导定语从句时，介词可以
是in (the) front of, at the foot of, in the
middle of等复合介词。如：
He lived in a big house, in front of which
stood a big tree.
定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句知识外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。纵观近几年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括：
1. 考查关系代词和关系副词的区分。如:
that, which和where, when的区分; that,
which和why的区分等。
2. 考查whose的使用。whose可以指代人或
物, 在定语从句中作定语, 后跟名词。指
物时, whose+名词=名词+of which=of
which+名词。如：
The classroom whose door/the door of
which/of which the door is broken is on
the second floor.
3. 考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。尤其要重
视which，as引导的非限制性定语从句和it，what
引导的主语从句的区分。
4. 考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。如：
I, who am your close friend, will try my best to
help you whenever you are in trouble.
5. 考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。“介词＋
关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用
whom，指物时用which，不能用that。关系代词
作定语时也可用whose。如：
The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall
tree is very patient with his students.
同时还要重视“复杂介词或代词”出现时与并列句的区别。如：
He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (定语从句)
He loved his parents deeply and both of them are very kind to him. (并列句)
此外，“介词+which+名词”结构，也是一个较为特殊的结构。如：
He was very ill, in which case (=and in this case) we sent him to hospital first.
6. 考查一些特殊的先行词。如: 当situation,
point, case, activity, scene及period,
festival, occasion等出现时, 要注意具体情
况具体分析; 作主语、宾语和表语时, 用关
系代词that/which; 作状语时, 用关系副词
where/when或“介词＋which”, 表示在某
种特定的情形下。
7. 考查定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区
别。如：
The news that he had passed the exam pleased him and his family. (同位语从句)
The news (that) he told me this morning is not interesting. (定语从句)
It was 1914 when the war broke out. (时间状语从句)
It was in 1914 that the war broke out. (强调句)
I. 用适当的关系词填空。
1. Lighting bonfires at this time of the year is a
tradition __________ goes back to the 17th
century.
2. The thought of going home to his family was
all ________ kept him happy while he was
working abroad.
3. These people, ______ identities will be
kept secret, will be paid $40 a day.
which/ that
whose
that
4. The beach is the place ________ I most like
to be in the summer.
5. Recent accidents, ________ fifteen people
lost their lives, have renewed concerns over
the safety of overnight buses.
6. Laura was always helping her brother with
his physics after school, ________, of course,
made her parents very happy.
7. The police are looking for two boys aged 14,
_____ stole a computer from the office.
8. He has been unwell, and this may be the
reason ________ he lost the match.
where
where
which
who
why
9. Do you know the date ________ we have to
submit the first essay?
10. Our flight from London to Hong Kong
actually stopped in Singapore, ________
we hadn’t expected.
which
when
II. 选用括号内合适的关系词填空。
1. It’s not what you say but the way ______
(which, that) you say it that annoys her.
2. There are a lot of students in the reading
room, most of ________ (whom, which)
have their heads bent down over their books.
3. The park ________ (which, where) I usually
go running in is across the road.
4. Have you met with a situation ________
(where, which) you can’t deal with?
5. A huge amount of oil was spilled, the effects
of ________ (which, that) are still being felt.
that
whom
which
which
which
6. The danger of driving is something ________
(which, that) worries me each time I travel.
7. About 30 of her friends and relations came to
the airport to welcome her back, some of
________ (that, whom) had traveled long
distance.
8. The difficulties of living near the volcano are
well understood by the people ________ (who,
whom) farm the land there.
that
whom
who
9. There are times ________ (when, which) I
wonder what my life would be like without
friends.
10. _____ (As, Which) you will find, I will
never let you down.
when
As
III. 用适当的“介词+关系代词”填空。
1. They showed enormous kindness to me,
________ I will always be grateful.
2. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single
person, ________ she could turn for help.
3. She has recently published a collection of
short stories, most ________ first appeared
in the magazine.
4. Jane, ________ I placed the greatest trust,
failed to meet my expectations.
for which
to whom
of which
on whom
5. The wedding, ________ only members of
the family were invited, took place last Friday.
6. Fortunately we had a map, ______________
we would have got lost.
7. She has now moved back to the house on Long
Island ________ she was born.
8. In the novel by Peters, ________ the film is
based, the main character is a teenager.
9. There are still many things in our solar system
________________ we know nothing.
to which
without which
in which
on which
of/ about which
IV. 将下面每组句子合并成一个含非限制性定
语从句的复合句。
1. Mr. Carter is very interested in our plan. I
spoke to him on the phone last night. → _______________________________________
_______________________________________
2. The street I live in is very noisy at night.
This makes it difficult to sleep. → _______________________________________
_______________________________________
Mr. Carter, to whom I spoke on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan.
The street I live in is very noisy at night, which
makes it difficult to sleep.
3. The Queen’s last visit was in May. She
opened the new hospital then. → _______________________________________
_______________________________________
4. I have sent my friend two letters. She has
received neither of the letters. → _______________________________________
_______________________________________
5. The new stadium will be opened next
month. It can hold 90,000 people. → _______________________________________
_______________________________________
The Queen’s last visit was in May, when she
opened the new hospital.
I have sent my friend two letters, neither of
which she has received.
The new stadium, which can hold 90,000 people,
will be opened next month.
6. Sheila is away from home a lot. Her job
involves a lot of traveling. → _______________________________________
_______________________________________
7. John is one of my closest friends. I have
known him for a very long time.→ _______________________________________
_______________________________________
Sheila, whose job involves a lot of traveling, is
away from home a lot.
John, who / whom I have known for a very long time, is one of my closest friends.
8. She lived in Rome for a couple of years. She
taught English there. → _______________________________________
_______________________________________
She lived in Rome for a couple of years,
where she taught English.