课件9张PPT。研究发现爱吃巧克力脑子更好Italian scientists have found evidence that a daily dose(剂量) of cocoa acts as a dietary(饮食的) supplement to counteract(抵消) different types of cognitive decline(认知减退).意大利科学家发现证据表明，每天摄入一定量的可可，作为一种膳食补充剂，能对抗不同类型的认知衰退。supplement ['s?pl?m(?)nt]
n. 增补（物）；补品supplement to对……的补充Back in 2017, the team found that regularly eating cocoa was linked to improvements in working memory and visual information processing and cocoa could be particularly beneficial for certain people.早在2017年，研究小组就发现，定期吃可可与改善工作记忆和视觉信息处理有关，而且对特定人群尤为有效。Cocoa, is the dried and fermented(发酵的) bean from the cocoa tree used to make delicious chocolate treats. Cocoa has been studied extensively because, well, who wouldn’t want that job.可可，是从可可树上提取的烘干和发酵后的可可豆，用于制作美味的巧克力点心。大家研究可可已经研究得很透了，试问谁会不想研究它呢?extensively [?k'stens?vl?]
adv. 广泛；普遍Over the years, it has been found that a range of naturally occurring chemicals in the cocoa bean have therapeutic effects.这些年来，人们发现可可豆中的一系列天然化学物质具有治疗作用。therapeutic [?θer?'pju?t?k]
adj. 治疗的；治疗学的；有益于健康的
therapeutic effects 疗效For example, polyphenols(多酚类) in dark chocolate were found to increase calmness and contentedness(怡然知足) and flavanols(黄烷醇) were able to reverse age-related memory decline.例如，人们发现黑巧克力中的多酚可以促进镇静和满足感，黄烷醇能够逆转年龄导致的记忆衰退。reverse [r?'v??s]
v. 颠倒；撤销；反转They noticed enhancements in working memory performance and improved visual information processing after consuming cocoa flavanols. The benefits varied depending on the demographic(人口) being tested.他们注意到，食用可可黄烷醇后，工作记忆的表现有所改善，视觉信息处理也有所改善。效果因受测人口而异。enhancement [?n'hɑ?nsm(?)nt]
n. 增强；精进；提高For the elderly, it turns out that long term ingestion(摄取) of cocoa flavanols improved attention, mental processing, working memory and verbal fluency and was most beneficial in those who had mild cognitive impairments(认知障碍) or the beginnings of memory loss.对老年人来说，长期摄入可可黄烷醇可以提高注意力、心理处理能力、工作记忆和语言流利度，对那些有轻度认知障碍或开始失忆的人最有好处。mild [ma?ld]
adj. 轻微的课件8张PPT。北京地铁内逃票、进食、霸座等行为将被禁止北京市15日发布《北京市轨道交通乘客守则》和《关于对轨道交通不文明乘车行为记录个人信用不良信息的实施意见》，即日起实施。守则明确，在地铁内进食、霸座等行为将被禁止。According to the regulations, passengers except for infants and those with medical conditions will not be allowed to eat or drink on the subway.守则规定，除婴儿、病人外，乘客不得在列车车厢内进食。regulation [?reɡj?'le??(?)n]
n. 管理；规则infant ['?nf(?)nt]
n. 婴儿；幼儿；未成年人根据上述文件，在地铁车厢内进食属不文明乘车行为，如劝阻制止不听，地铁运营单位有权拒绝提供乘车服务(violators who refuse to stop such behavior despite dissuasion will be denied boarding)。交通执法部门可将这种行为纳入个人信用不良信息(such behavior will be recorded in personal credit system)。dissuasion [d?'swe???n]
n. 劝阻；劝戒；谏诤除了进食以外，规定中还列出了以下会被记入个人信用不良信息的不文明乘车行为：
采取违规进出闸机、伪造变造票卡等方式逃交票款[fare dodging（避开）];
在列车车厢内一人占用多个座位(one person occupying multiple seats);
推销产品或从事营销活动(marketing activities);
大声外放视频或音乐(playing videos or music without wearing headphones)。occupy ['?kj?pa?]
vt. 占据，占领值得注意的是，因不文明乘车行为(uncivil behaviors)记录个人信用不良信息的行为人，可以通过主动参加轨道交通志愿服务进行不良信息修复(wrongdoers can apply to correct the credit record by volunteering in rail transit services)。
此外，个人认为信用不良信息有误的，也可以向市交通执法部门申请个人信用不良信息复核(apply to review the record)，市交通执法部门将进行核查并作出处理。wrongdoer [r??'d??]
n. 做坏事的人；违法犯罪者【相关词汇】
逃避安检 skipping security checks
站台乱扔杂物 littering on the platform
排队加塞 jumping the queue
越过站台黄色警戒线
stepping beyond the yellow
warning line on the platform
咸猪手 groping
地铁站内涂鸦 graffiti on subway stationsgraffiti [ɡr?'fi?t?]
n. 墙上乱写乱画的东西（graffito的复数形式）课件8张PPT。一个简单的心理学花招，让美国年轻人开始戒掉垃圾食品？The genius(游戏法则) is it’s all about tapping into(利用) teens’ natural tendency to rebel: by pointing out how well-funded marketing campaigns are designed to get all of us hooked on junk foods, researchers were able to get the young people to actually shift their eating choices.这个特殊方法就是利用青少年叛逆的天性：研究人员向青少年指明，那些营销活动投入大量资金就是为了让我们所有人都迷上垃圾食品;这样一来，研究人员们得以让年轻人真正地改变他们的饮食选择。rebel ['reb(?)l]
v. 反叛，反抗，造反；抗命；不接受，不听使唤hook [h?k]
vt. 钩住；引上钩The technique works better than simply giving teens information on healthy eating, the study shows, leveraging(利用) their innate resistance to being tricked or coerced(强迫) into something—a resistance that can make a real difference in terms of diet.这项研究表明，比起为青少年提供健康饮食的信息，这个方法更有效。它充分利用青少年对于被欺骗或被迫接受某项事物的内在抵触，而这种抗拒确实能影响他们的饮食选择。innate [?'ne?t; '?ne?t]
adj. 先天的；固有的；与生俱来的resistance to
对……的抵抗“One of the most exciting things is that we got kids to have a more negative immediate gut reaction(本能反应) to junk food and junk food marketing, and a more positive immediate gut reaction to healthy foods,” says behavioural scientist Christopher J. Bryan from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business.“其中最令人兴奋的一点就是我们使孩子们对垃圾食品和垃圾食品营销的直接反应变得更加抵触，而且使他们更加接受健康食品，”芝加哥大学布斯商学院行为学家克里斯托弗·J·布莱恩说道。“Food marketing is deliberately designed to create positive emotional associations with junk food, to connect it with feelings of happiness and fun,” says Bryan. “食品营销的目的就是故意营造出与垃圾食品之间的正向情感交流，把它与幸福快乐的感受联系在一起，”布莱恩说，deliberately [d?'l?b?r?tli]
adv. 故意地“What we’ve done is turn that around on the food marketers by exposing this manipulation (操纵) to teenagers, triggering their natural strong aversion to being controlled by adults.“我们要做的就是把矛头指向食品营销者，揭露他们操控青少年，激发他们对被成年人操控的天生的强烈抗拒。”trigger ['tr?ɡ?]
v. 触发，引起“If we could make more kids aware of that, it might make a real difference.”“如果我们能让更多孩子意识到这些，或许确实会起到重要作用。”
