课件19张PPT。 短文填空第三部分 重难题型攻略考情概览
分析遵义近8年中考真题可知，2018年此题型改为10空的“括号内单词
的适当形式填空(8道)＋盲填(2道)”(2015～2017年为10选10型语篇填空)。
具体考查特点如下：题型三 短文填空（2018中考新变化）1. 单词的适当形式填空2. 盲填：冠词(2018.65)、连词(2018.67)。【典例剖析】(2018遵义)
Whose job is it to check your homework?
I don't think it's my parents' job to check my homework. Since we have already grown up, we cannot act like little ______ (baby) and depend on our parents all the time. We must learn to be ______ (independence)．6162 I remember when I was in Grade Three, my parents ______ (ask) me to check my homework by myself. I didn't know what to do at that time, so I only cried. But after that, I got used to ______ (check) my own homework in my studies.
Checking homework by ourselves is ______ good habit. It can help us find mistakes in exams more ______ (easy). It can also save the teachers a lot of time ______ they check our homework, and it can also let our parents worry ______ (little) about our studies.636465666768 Some day in the future, Mom and Dad ______(leave)us. So we should start to learn to do everything by ______ (we) and really understand how important independence is.【技巧点拨】
短文填空重点考查考生对基础知识的掌握和对单词的灵活运用，要求考生根据上下文语境以及语法知识来完成。遵义中考对于此类题目，通常从以下角度进行命题：6970适当形式
1．名词
(1)名词→名词复数(61题)：空前没有冠词，且baby为可数名词，故此处
填名词复数babies。
(2)名词→形容词(62题)：空前有be，所以此处需要填形容词。
independent作表语。
【具体讲解见本书第二部分专题一名词 命题点2 用所给名词的适当形式填空】2. 动词
(1)动词→过去式(63题)：此处在描述过去的事情，时态为一般过去时，
应填asked。句中有明显的表示过去时间的时间标志词：yesterday, just now, two days ago, last night/week等时，动词需要用过去式。
(2)动词→将来时(69题)：根据in the future可知，时态为一般将来时，结
构为：will＋动词原形，因此填will leave。句中有明显的表示将来时间的时间标志词：tomorrow, from now on, soon, next year, in the future等时，动词需要用将来时。(3)动词→动名词(64题)：get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事，因此填
checking。
(4)动词其他变形角度：①动词→原形；②动词→单三形式；③动词→名
词；④动词→分词。
【具体讲解见本书第二部分专题 专项提升 用所给动词的适当形式填空及动词相关改错】3. 形容词
(1)形容词→副词(66题)：此处需填副词修饰前面的动词find，因此填
easily。
(2)形容词→比较级(68题)：根据语境“它也可以让我们的父母更少担心
我们的学习”可知此处填副词比较级less。当句中有than，比较级＋and＋比较级等结构时，也需要用比较级。
【具体讲解见本书第二部分专题七 命题点5 用所给形容词和副词的适当形式填空】4. 代词
人称代词主格→反身代词(70题)：此处考查反身代词的固定搭配“by oneself某人自己”，因此填we的反身代词ourselves。代词的其他变形角度：主格→形容词性物主代词，如his(he) father (2016.78)；主格→反身代词，如by himself (he)。
【人称代词的用法和相关变形见本书第二部分专题二 代词 命题点1 人称代词、物主代词与反身代词】盲填
1. 冠词(65题): 根据语境可知，此处泛指一个好习惯，并且good以辅音
音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 表泛指，且空后词为辅音音素开头，填a；表特指时，填the。【冠词其他用法具体可参考第二部分 专题三 冠词】2. 连词(67题)：根据句子结构及句意可知，此处表示“当……的时候”，
应用引导时间状语从句的从属连词when。 考生备考过程中，应熟练掌握各并列连词和从属连词的用法。【具体用法可参考第二部分 专题六 连词】【现学现用】
Passage 1
One day, I took my two kids to the local playground. As soon 1. ________ we got there, my daughter ran to the swing(秋千) and asked for a push. When I was helping my daughter, I 2.________ (notice) another girl trying to make her own swing go high by herself. Her old grandmother was 3.________ (sit) on the chair nearby and smiled at me.
I gave my daughter one big push and then walked towards the little asnoticedsittinggirl. I asked if she wanted me to give 4. ________ (she) a push. She smiled and said “Yes”. For the next two hours, I pushed the swings, and played 5. ________ my two children and the little girl. When we went home, I was very tired. But my heart was flying much 6. ________ (high) than the swings.
One day two years later, after a 7. ________ (day) work, I was a little tired. But I needed to pick up my kids before going home. While I was waiting outside the school gate, a little girl came over and smiled 8. ________ (sweet) at me. She gave me 9.________ big hug(拥抱) beforeherwithhigherday'ssweetlyacatching her school bus. As I watched her running away, I didn't feel tired anymore.
In life, the love we give others will find its way back to us. It may travel from heart to heart or it may blossom(开花) in the heart which it was planted in. The love we share, the 10. __________ (kind) we give, and the happiness we create will always come back to us with a pleasant surprise.kindnessPassage 2
One day a man and a young boy had dinner in the hotel restaurant. The waiter noticed that the two guests were 1.________ (quiet) than others and that the boy ate little food.
After dinner, the man went to the waiter and asked to see the manager. The waiter asked 2.___________ there was a problem with the service. 3. ________ the man said that there was no problem of that kind.
When the manager came, the man took him aside and explained hisquieterif/whetherButson was seriously ill. The boy was soon to receive treatment, which would cause 4. ________ (he) to lose his hair. And the boy planned to shave his head (剃头) that night, because he did not want to feel that the ill was 5. ________ (beat) him. The father said that he would shave his own head as well, in support of his son.
The man hoped that the hotel staff would not stare at him or his son when they came to the restaurant 6. ________ breakfast with their shaved heads. The manager promised that he would tell all staff about it and that they would act 7.________ (proper)．himbeatingforproperly The next morning, the father and the son 8.________ (enter) the hotel restaurant with their shaved heads. They saw some waiters 9.__________ (perform) their duties as usual. They had all shaved their heads, too!
No matter what business you are in, you can help people and make a 10.__________ (different). Just take action.enteredperformingdifference课件30张PPT。 短文改错第三部分 重难题型攻略考情概览
分析遵义近8年中考真题可知，2018年中考改为短文改错(2011～
2017年考查形式为句子改错)。考查特点具体如下：
1. 话题(2018)：人物介绍；文体：应用文；段落：4段；词数：135词。
2. 题型特点(2018)：给出一篇短文，呈现10处错误；每句中最多两处错
误，错误涉及增加或删除一个单词，其他错误均为单词的修改。3. 考查点：
(1)单词的修改：名词(8考)、数词(3考)、代词(5考)、介词(6考)、形容词(5
考)、副词(3考)、非谓语动词(4考)、时态(5考)、主谓一致(4考)、定语
从句(2017.87)、倒装句(2012.89)、特殊疑问句(2012.90)。
(2)增加或删除：连词(2018)、冠词(2018、2014.88)。
4. 考查重点：全面考查考生的英语知识和技能，要求考生不仅具备词汇、
语法方面的知识，还要求考生能综合分析和理解短文，以整合后的知
识体系去分析和解决问题。一、错误类型注意：改错中也会考查增加单词：并列连词(2018：not only...but also...)；删除单词：冠词(2018)、从属连词(2014.88)。
【此处的语法错误类型可结合本书第二部分 语法专题突破各专题复习】
二、解题技巧
1. 纵观全文，弄清大意。
先将全文通读一遍，弄清文章大意。判断对错不但要看本行及本句，还要纵观全文。2. 逐行分析，规范改错。
遵义近8年以单词的修改为主，类型较为复杂，考生需排查以下常犯错误的点：词性转换、固定搭配、名词的单复数与修饰词或上下文是否一致、代词指代是否一致、时态是否一致、主谓是否一致、平行结构是否一致(由and, or, but, either...or..., neither...nor..., as well as等并列连词和词组连接的结构称为平行结构)、行为逻辑是否一致等。
同时，冠词、连词、介词等虚词有时容易被漏掉，考生在解题时要尤其注意这些隐蔽的考点。也要注意根据固定搭配、句子前后关系、修饰语等判断是否有多余的连词、冠词等。3. 全文复读，消除疏漏。
重读全文，仔细推敲改正后的短文，查看词汇用法，固定搭配以及句子结构是否合理。动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副；
非谓语，细辨别；代词格，细领悟；
介词短语常常考，习惯用法要记住；
句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注；
冠词连词常光顾，容易多余或漏掉。【考法突破】
1. 人称代词误用
例：(2018遵义第一段第二句)：Dear Tom, Now I will tell you
something about your English teacher, Mr. Lee.方法点拨：your→my。主语为I，相对应的形容词性物主代词应用my。【具体讲解见本书第二部分专题二代词 命题点5 与代词相关的改错】2. 名词单复数误用
例： (2018遵义第二段第一句)Mr. Lee is forty year old.方法点拨： year→years。前面数字为forty，所以应该用名词复数形式。【具体讲解见本书第二部分专题一 名词 命题点3 与名词相关的改错】3. 形容词、副词词性误用
例：(2018遵义第二段第二句) He has a happy family, and he usual goes to visit his wife's parents in the countryside with his family.方法点拨：usual→usually。此处修饰动词goes，需用副词。【具体讲解见本书第二部分专题七 形容词和副词 命题点6 与形容词和副词相关的改错】4. 主谓一致错误
例：(2018遵义第二段第三句)He's outgoing and get along with us students.方法点拨：get→gets。主语为第三人称单数，所以动词用单三形式。【具体讲解见本书第二部分专题十三 简单句 命题点1 主谓一致与There be句型】5. 同根形容词误用
例：(2018遵义第二段第四句)His classes are very interested.方法点拨：interested→interesting。v.-ed形容词修饰人，v.-ing形容词修饰物。本句主语为他的课程，应用修饰物的形容词interesting。【具体讲解见本书第二部分专题七 形容词和副词 命题点6 与形容词和副词相关的改错】6. 介词固定搭配误用
例：(2018遵义第二段第五句)After class, he often helps us of our
English.方法点拨：of →with。help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事。【具体讲解见本书第二部分专题五 介词和介词短语 命题点2 介词的固定搭配及介词短语】7. 非谓语动词误用
例：(2018遵义第二段倒数第二句)It's saying that he has kept swimming for 20 years.方法点拨：saying→said。It is said that...据说……，主语和谓语动词为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词。【具体讲解见本书第二部分专题十一 非谓语动词】8. 冠词误用
例：(2018遵义第二段最后一句)He is especially good at playing the
chess.方法点拨：删除the。球类、棋类名词前不加冠词，play chess下棋。【具体讲解见本书第二部分专题三 冠词】9. 连词短语固定搭配错误
例：(2018遵义第三段第一句)My classmates like him and all think he is not only a good teacher also a good friend.方法点拨：also前加but。not only...but also...不仅……而且……，为固定搭配。【具体讲解见本书第二部分专题六 连词 命题点1 并列连词】10. 时态误用
例：(2018遵义最后一段)I'm look forward to your reply.方法点拨：look→looking。此处表示正在期待，应用现在进行时。【具体讲解见本书第二部分专题 专项提升用所给动词的适当形式填空及动词相关改错】1. 名词所有格误用(2015.86、2014.90)
例：The story book on the table is my sister.
方法点拨：sister→sister's。表示物品所有，用所有格表示。
2. 名词词性转换误用(2011.85)
例：I think Linda is really a friend girl.
方法点拨：friend→friendly。girl为名词，因此应用形容词修饰。
【具体讲解见本书第二部分专题一 名词 命题点3 与名词相关的改错】3. 普通不定代词误用(2013.89)
例：It is impolite to keep other waiting for a long time. 方法点拨：other→others。 other意为“其他的”，作定语，“other＋可数名词复数”＝others。分析句子可知此处指“其他的人”，且其后没有名词，应用others。4. 复合不定代词误用(2012.87)
例：My brother told me anything terrible that had happened.方法点拨：anything→something。something 一般用在肯定句中，anything一般用在否定句和疑问句中 。 【具体讲解见本书第二部分专题二代词 命题点5 与代词相关的改错】5. 数词误用(2017.88)
例1：Surprisingly, over three thousands students came to take part in the competition.方法点拨：thousands→thousand。前面有具体数字时，thousand不用加s。例2：He lives on the three floor of this building.方法点拨：three→third。表示几楼用序数词表示。例3：Two third of the coat is made of cotton.方法点拨：third→thirds。分子大于1时，分母要加s。【具体讲解见本书第二部分专题四 数词】6. 介词基本用法误用(2016.88、2015.90、 2013.87)
例：We often play football in Saturday afternoon.方法点拨：in→on。in用在较长的一段时间前；on表示具体某日或某日的上午、下午、晚上。根据句意可知此处表示的是星期六的下午。【具体讲解见本书第二部分专题五介词和介词短语 命题点1 介词的基本用法】7. 连词误用(2014.88)
例：He was absent from the meeting, although his mother was ill in hospital.方法点拨：although→because。后半句是前半句的原因，故将although改为because。【具体讲解见本书第二部分 专题六 连词】8. 形容词词性转换误用
例：Could you tell me the different between the two books? 方法点拨：different→difference(s)。结合句意及the可知此处需用different的名词difference，此处用单复数均可。9. 形容词比较级误用
例：Lucy is the more beautiful of the three girls. 方法点拨：more→most。两者相比较应用比较级，三者及三者以上的比较用最高级，此处是指三个女孩之间的比较，应用最高级，the most＋形容词最高级。【具体讲解见本书第二部分专题七 形容词和副词 命题点6 与形容词和副词相关的改错】10. 非谓语固定搭配误用
例：It took Jack two hours to climbing the mountain.方法点拨：climbing→climb。It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”，为固定句型。【具体讲解见本书第二部分专题十一 非谓语动词】11. 倒装句误用(2012.89)
例：Father doesn't like milk and so do I.方法点拨：so→neither。此句为否定句，倒装句的否定形式用neither。【具体讲解见本书第二部分专题十三简单句 命题点3 倒装句】12. 疑问词误用(2012.90)
例：How long will she be back, in three days or a week?方法点拨：long → soon。根据后半句in＋时间可知是询问多久以后，应用how soon。【具体讲解见本书第二部分专题十三 简单句 命题点2 疑问句】13. 宾语从句引导词及定语从句关系词误用(2017.87)
例1：The book whose was written by Dabing is worth reading. 方法点拨：whose→which/that。先行词是book，关系代词在句中作主语，应用which或that。例2：Thinking back to the past years, many people wonder what time has gone.方法点拨：what→where。根据句意可知，此处表示时间去哪儿了，应用where，在从句中作状语。【具体讲解见本书第二部分专题十四 复合句】课件56张PPT。 阅读理解第三部分 重难题型攻略 编者按：第三部分只针对重难题型讲解，其他题型见本书练习册。
考情概览
分析遵义近8年中考真题可知，此题型命题特点具体如下：
1. 文体：记叙文(2018：A篇、C篇；历年：7年7考)、应用文(2018：B篇；
历年：7年7考)、说明文(2018：D篇；历年：7年7考)均有涉及；词数220
词左右；生词量0～5个；
2. 考查方式：以细节理解题为主，另外还涉及数字计算题、推理判断题、
标题归纳题、主旨大意题。题型二 阅读理解 阅读理解主要考查考生阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力等。针对不同的考查方式，可运用不同的解题技能，主要可分为以下5种：(2018:17考；历年：必考8～14道) 针对此类题型，考生需要在有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，发现文章中的细节信息，然后遵循由整体到细节的原则，把握作者的思路，按全文→段落→词语的步骤来解题。具体解题技巧如下：1.搜寻直接答案：关键词定位法。根据题干中的关键信息，在文章中
寻找相关的语句，与题干核对信息，得出答案。
2.搜寻间接答案：转换相关语句法。根据题干中的关键词，在文章中
寻找相关段落与句子，并转换为选项中的表述，核对选项的意义与
文章的意义是否一致。【典例剖析】(2018遵义阅读理解A篇节选)
My name is Tom. When I was young, I was always sad, almost everything ending in failure. I completely lost my heart, sighing(叹息)unhappily all day. Having seen me like that, my father decided to cheer me up.
36. When Tom was young, he almost failed to do ________．
A. nothing B. something C. everything D. none点拨：由题干中的关键词 “failed to do”可定位到第二句，根据“almost everything ending in failure”可知选C。【现学现用】
A
One day a young man Gary went to see an old man. He wanted to know why he wasn't able to reach all of his goals in his life.
1. Why did the young man go to find the old man?
A. To learn how to boil a kettle of water.
B. To know why his life was hard and tiring.
C. To know why he couldn't reach his goals.
D. To find out how to search for more wood.CB
First, students should have a healthy diet. Eating fresh vegetables and fruit is really important. All kinds of juices are filled with Vitamin C, such as orange or grape juice. Such a diet can provide you with enough nutrients(营养) that your body needs. At the same time, it is good for your immune system(免疫系统). What's more, not eating much snacks in the break between classes is also important.2. What can provide you with enough nutrients that your body needs?
A. A healthy diet. B. Fruit and snacks.
C. Much meat. D. Snacks and juices.A 此类试题要求考生对文章中的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理，也就是要运用逻辑推理能力推出蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实及暗示的含义。微技能2推理判断(历年：7年7考) 1. 常见设问方式
(1)What can we learn about... from the passage？(2017.55)
(2)You can read the information in a________．/This is ________．
(2017.60、2013.61)(3)We learn from the note that________．(2013.64)
(4)Which of the following is true？(2013.70)
(5)What do you think of...?
(6)From the passage, we can learn that...
(7)The writer probably agrees that...
(8)We can infer from the passage that...2. 解题技巧
(1)针对作者态度、语气、风格、倾向的推断
作者写文章时，经常持有某种态度或倾向。作者的语气和态度往往并不直接在文章中写出来，但是作者的观点和态度在文章的首段或尾段一般表现得最为明显。考生要重点理解首尾段，提炼作者的观点。(2)针对文中细节的推断
作者为了说明一个主题或者观点，肯定会做出一系列论述或解释，采用的方式可能是举例、论证、摆事实或讲道理、提出问题或者指出事件的原因等。这种题型常常集中对文章中某一点或几点、某一方面或几方面、某一部分或几部分提出问题。回答这类问题时，考生首先应仔细阅读原文以确定推理依据的范围，然后按题意进行推断。(3)推理判断题选项特点【典例剖析】(2017遵义阅读理解A篇) Mr. and Mrs. Smith got married when he was twenty-three, and she was twenty. Twenty-five years later, they had a big party, and a photographer(摄影师) came and took some photos for them. Then the photographer gave Mrs. Smith a card and said, “They'll be ready next Wednesday. You can get them from my room.”
“No，” Mrs. Smith said, “Please send them to us.”
The photos arrived a week later, but Mrs. Smith was not pleased when she saw them. She got into her car and drove to the photographer'sroom. She went inside and said angrily, “You took some photos of me and my husband last week, but I'm not going to pay for them.”
“Oh, why not？” the photographer asked.
“Because my husband looks like a monkey.” Mrs. Smith said.
“Well，” the photographer answered, “That isn't my fault(过错). Why didn't you think that before you married him？”55. What can we learn about Mr. Smith from the passage?
A. He was fat.
B. He wasn't handsome.
C. He was humorous.点拨：根据倒数第二段中的“Because my husband looks like a monkey.”可知，史密斯夫人说他丈夫看起来像一只猴子，因此判断史密斯先生不英俊。故选B。【现学现用】
A
Although I knew the two children couldn't understand my words completely, I still wanted to tell them the lesson.
3. From the last paragraph, we can infer that ________．
A. the author wants to punish the two children
B. the author wants to be the most excellent person
C. the author wants to tell a lesson to the two children
D. the author wants to solve their quarrelCB
Austria is a beautiful country. The following is some famous places of interest there.
Hofburg Palace
Built in 1275, this palace is a witness of various European architectural (建筑的) styles. Today, it is still the official residence and workplace of the president of Austria.
Musikverein
The Golden Hall is the symbol of Vienna without any doubt. It isthe oldest and the most modern musical hall in Vienna and one of the most famous musical halls in the whole world.
Naschmarkt
You can find many different cuisine (美食) cultures here. Since it is an old market with many modern buildings, young people seem to enjoy having their get-togethers(聚会) here very much.4. According to the passage, the writer might be a ________.
A. teacher B. doctor
C. scientist D. local writerD(2018.40；历年：除2012年外，必考1道) 此类题型在设置时，需要猜测的词汇均为生难词汇，选项设置多为汉语，较少为英文，考生要学会根据上下文语境推测生词、短语的意思。微技能3 词义猜测1. 常见设问方式
(1)The underlined word “XXX” means “________” here.
(2018.40、2015.52、2014.58)(2)What does the underlined word “XXX” mean (in Chinese/the passage)？
(2017.63、2016.55)
(3)What's the meaning of the underlined word “XXX” (in Chinese/ the
passage)？(2013.68、2011.67)
2. 解题技巧
(1)同义法：阅读过程中，通常会发现在生词的前面或后面会有同义词或
同义表达，考生可以利用前后文中的同义词或同义表达推测生词的意思。【典例剖析】(2015遵义52题)
Another thing she taught me was punctuality. She set a good example with her own actions. She was always on time, so we students tried our best to be on time.
52. The underlined word “punctuality” in the third paragraph probably
means________．
A. being on time.
B. being honest.
C. being patient.点拨：根据最后一句“She was always on time, so we students tried our best to be on time.”可知punctuality与on time的意思接近。故选A。(2)反义法：在阅读过程中，如有表示转折的词but，though, while,
however等和表示对比关系的词或表达，如unlike, different from, on the contrary等出现，那就表明这些词语的前后是相反的概念。【典例剖析】(2013年遵义68题)
It doesn't matter whether food is eaten raw or cooked, cool or hot.
68. What's the meaning of underlined word “raw” in the passage?
A. 罐装的 B. 生的 C. 冷冻的点拨：由cool or hot可知，raw or cooked也为一对反义词，所以raw表示“生的”，故选B。(3)逻辑法：逻辑法是利用句子间的类比、因果、递进等逻辑关系推测
生词含义的方法。表示类比的词或表达有similarly, in the same way等；表示因果关系的词或表达有as a result, therefore, because, due to, in order to等；表示递进关系的词或表达有and then, even, in fact等。【典例剖析】(2018遵义40题)
I came to understand my father's purpose: I feel frustrated because my heart is as small as a cup of water. He hoped that I can be a person with a heart like a lake.
40. The underlined word “frustrated” means ________ here.
A. surprised B. upset C. rude D. polite点拨：because后跟的是原因“我的心像一杯水那么小”，和最后一句“他希望我能成为一个心像一片湖那么大的人。”形成对比，所以划线单词指作者的消极情绪，是指不好的感受。故选B。(4)常识法：利用科普知识或生活常识推测生词含义的方法。点拨：根据常识可知应该是排队买卧铺票。故选B。【典例剖析】(2014遵义58题)
Robert was standing in line to purchase a bed in the train's sleeping car from the conductor(检票员). The conductor was standing on the platform(站台) selling tickets at the entrance to the train.
58. The underlined word “purchase” means________．
A. make B. buy C. find【现学现用】
A
You have often looked into a mirror(镜子), of course. But you haven't seen the real picture of your face yet. And why couldn't you see it? When you look into a mirror, you don't see your face as other people see it. You see a reversed picture. If you close your left eye, your picture closes its right eye. If you touch your right ear with your right hand, your picture touches its left ear with its left hand.5. What does the underlined word “reversed” mean in this passage?
A. 相同的 B. 相反的
C. 模拟的 D. 虚拟的BB
The older woman sensed the younger woman's pain. She knew she could never alleviate the pain, but she could teach her. She said, “Tonight, take your best feather pillows and put single feather on the doorstep of each house in the town before the sun rises.”
6. What does the underlined word “alleviate” in the paragraph probably
mean?
A. 生产 B. 增加 C. 减轻 D. 制造CC
Old Luxembourg is a city with magnificent walls, many of which still exist. Many visitors enjoy traveling to these grand walls of the old fortress(要塞), called “the most beautiful balcony in the world”．
7. What does the underlined word “magnificent” in this paragraph refer
to?
A. Small. B. Great.
C. Expensive. D. Cheap.B(2018.45；历年：7年6考) 此类试题往往涉及多处信息，考生应处处留心。具体方法如下：
1. 仔细分析题干，抓住关键词。
2. 根据题干中的关键词准确定位到文中或图表中的句子，根据句子提供
的数据以及数据与文中其他信息的关系进行简单的计算和推断。微技能4 数字计算 解答此类试题的关键不在于数据与计算本身，而在于弄清数据之间或数据与文中其他信息之间的逻辑关系。Forest Zoo
★Over 80 animals：
lions, tigers, pandas, monkeys, many kinds of birds...
★Opening hours：
9：00 a．m.～4：00 p．m. (Monday to Friday)8：00 a．m.～5：00p.m.(Saturday and Sunday)
★￥40 for an adult; half price for a student【典例剖析】(2018遵义阅读理解B篇节选)45. Mary, a middle school student, wants to go to Forest Zoo with her
parents. They will spend ________．
A. Forty B. Sixty
C. Eighty D. One hundred点拨：根据题干中的“a middle school student”以及“her parents”定位到表格中最后一行信息可知：20＋2*40＝100，故选D。【现学现用】
The world famous physicist(物理学家)Stephen Hawking passed away peacefully at his home in Cambridge on March 14th, 2018.
Hawking was born in Oxford, England on January 8th, 1942. He went to school in a small city near London. After leaving school, Hawking first went to Oxford University to study physics. Then he went to Cambridge University to study cosmology(宇宙学)．8. How old was Stephen Hawking when he passed away?
A. 70 years old. B. 75 years old. C. 76 years old. D. 80 years old.C一、主旨大意题(历年：7年3考)
主旨大意题要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章或段落进行归纳、概括或评价。解答这类题时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义。在涉及文章的主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题时，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。(2018.55；历年：7年4考) 微技能5 主旨大意与标题归纳1. 常见设问方式：
(1)The main idea of this passage is about______．(2017.65、2014.60)
(2)What is the main idea of the passage？(2014.66)
(3)What does the text mainly talk about?
(4)What does the writer want to tell us?2. 解题技巧
“主题句定位法”是一种掌握全文或段落主旨大意行之有效的方法。主题句在文章中的位置，通常有以下四种情况：(1)开门见山式
主题句出现在文(段)首。开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、论证或发展主题思想。
(2)藏头露尾式
主题句出现在文(段)末。文章先阐述细节，然后归纳要点，得出结论，概括主题，即归纳写作法。此类文章主题句往往位于末段。(3)首尾呼应式
在有些文章中，为了突出主题，文章开头提出主题。接着进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点出主题，进一步深化主题。
(4)藏龙卧虎式
主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章，要求考生根据文章的细节来分析、概括出文章的主题。具体方法是：明确各个段落的内容，以及它们之间的逻辑关系，寻找共同点， 然后加以归纳形成主题。【典例剖析】(2017遵义阅读理解C篇)
On a very hot day, it can be hard to know what to do to feel good. If we run around, we may feel dizzy and sick to our stomachs. This is because our body can't get rid of the extra heat. However, if we just sit and do nothing, we may feel restless and bored. Are there things we can do to feel good when we are hot? Yes! Playing in water is one way to feel cooler. Of course, people with a pool, river, lake or ocean nearby can play in the water very conveniently. People don't have these can still play in water too. Taking a cool bath or shower can feel good on a hot day. Onhot days, you can lose two gallons(加仑) of water in one day, so many doctors agree that you should try to drink at least 16 glasses of water to keep the water balance in your body. Mixing a little juice into your water is a good way to help you drink plenty of water. The food we eat also makes a difference in how we feel in the heat. Cold foods, such as ice cream and drinks with some ice can cool down our bodies. Fruits and vegetables are easy for the body and refreshing. Plan a healthy menu for a hot day.65. The main idea of this passage is about ________．
A. the things to do when it's hot
B. the things to eat in the heat
C. the things to drink on a hot day点拨：通读文章可知，前几句先交代背景，接着用“Are there things we can do to feel good when we are hot？”引出了下文，也说明了文章的主旨，主要介绍了在炎热的天气里怎么做。故选A。【现学现用】
In the past, the main difference between the Chinese dinner table and the Western dinner table was chopsticks instead of knife and fork. But nowadays it's a little different from that. Because in some Chinese restaurants, you can also ask for a pair of knife and fork, if you find the chopsticks are not helpful enough. The real difference is that in western countries you have your own plate of food, while in China the dishes are on the table and everyone shares. In China, the meal usually starts with at least four cold dishes, and then there will be main courses(主菜) of hot meat and vegetable dishes. Staple foods(主食) will follow the soup. Usually the staple foods are rice, noodles and dumplings.
Maybe a western visitor will be surprised that some of the Chinese hosts like to put food into the plates of their guests. In formal dinners, there are always public chopsticks and spoons for this purpose, but some hosts may use their own chopsticks. This is a sign of friendship andpoliteness. It is always polite to eat the food. But if you do not want to eat it, it is OK to leave the food in the plate.9. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The Chinese table manners.
B. The Western table manners.
C. The Chinese eating habits.
D. The main courses of China.A二、标题归纳题(2018.55、2016.65)
标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。选择标题在阅读理解中属于标题归纳题，是深层理解题。
1. 常见设问方式：
(1)What might be/is the best title for/of this passage？(2018.55、2016.65)
(2)The best title of the passage may be “________”．2. 解题技巧
通常情况下，标题具有概括性、针对性、醒目性的特点。所谓概括性，就是指标题应在最大程度上覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题；针对性是对标题外延的一种界定，标题要直接指向文章的主要特点；醒目性是为了吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣。解题时应做到以下两点：(1)关注核心及高频词汇
在阅读文章时，要注意文章中反复出现或强调的信息，寻找与文章大多数内容相关的信息，找出覆盖全文的核心词汇，看选项内容是否切中文章的中心论题，也就是要看选项内容与作者的写作目的是否一致。
(2)根据主题句提炼标题
标题对文章的主题具有概括性。因此，寻找文章的主题句是解答标题归纳题的核心。主题句通常在文章首段，但是也可能在文章的末段、在文章的某一段落，或者分散在文章的各个段落中。如果每个段落都有 ①概括性或覆盖程度：一般要求能覆盖全文内容，体现文
章主旨；②针对性：既不能太大，也不能太小，精确度要高。主题句，那么把各段落的主题句的中心思想集中起来，即为全文的主题句。【典例剖析】(2018遵义阅读理解D篇)
When you are curious(好奇的) about something and want to know more about it, you can use the way of asking questions. Asking questions is the first step to make discoveries and find interesting answers. The following steps can guide you during the research.
Step 1 Write down the subject that you are interested in on a piece of
paper. Just get the main idea down. For example, you might write: Discover more about robots.
……
Remember that learning more always brings more questions.55. What might be the best title for this passage?
A. Doing research on science.
B. Finding more problems.
C. Asking good questions while doing research.
D. Having interesting answers while doing research.点拨：文章的主旨句为第一段最后一句，然后下面分了几点告诉我们要学会问问题。故选C。【现学现用】
Speaking of Leonardo da Vinci, you may first think of his great works of art such as Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. But he was not only a great painter, but also a talented inventor.
When he died in 1519, da Vinci left behind more than 6，000 pages filled with his thoughts, ideas and inventions. Some of them were ahead of his time. One of da Vinci's most famous inventions was the ornithopter(扑翼机). It was a human-powered flying machine. To move the wings(翅膀) up and down, the pilot had to use either his hands or feet to provide energy for the machine.
Unfortunately, da Vinci never built the ornithopter. The world would have to wait another 400 years to see a machine that could really fly. Actually, it wasn't until 1903 that the Wright brothers made their first successful flight. What's more, according to some research, the first form of a tank was drawn by Leonardo da Vinci. It was an armored tank(装甲坦克)that was designed to be able to move in any direction.
Like his flying machine, the armored tank was never built. Until 400 years later, during the World War I, those tanks were first used on the battlefield.10. What might be the best title for this passage?
A. The Last Supper—the greatest work of art in the world
B. Leonardo da Vinci—an inventor ahead of his time
C. Ornithopter—a machine that could really fly
D. Armored tank—a weapon that was used during the World WarⅠB
