高三英语 定语从句复习课件（共63张）

课件63张PPT。定语从句
一. 定语从句的基本含义放在名词或者代词额后面，由关系代词或着关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句被叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或者代词被叫做先行词。一. 定语从句的基本定义eg. The boy who is reading is Tom.先行词关系代词Hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行词关系副词先行词以及关系词的关系1.A plane is a machine that can fly.

2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.
3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up
by his grandfather.
4.The school where I study is far from my home.the machine = thatthe boy =whothe boy’s =whosein the school = where关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词Join the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
A plane is can fly.
关系代词的实质为the machinea machinethat /which
The lady is Green. We saw her yesterday.
herThe lady we saw yesterday is Green
Who/that关系代词实际上代替的就是先行词
二. 关系词的分类
关系代词
2. 关系副词
关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose
关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when, where, why二. 关系词的分类三. 关系代词的基本用法和注意点1. 关系代词的基本用法三. 1. 关系代词的基本用法① who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。The man (who) I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.②whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。 The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li.who, whom③ which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。 These are the trees which were planted
last year.This recorder （which） he is using is
made in Japan. whichHe is the man (that) I told you about.④that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。A plane is a machine that can fly.that⑤whose指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语 。不可省略。We live in a house whose windows face south.This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.whose2. 关系代词的用法注意点(1) that和which都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能用that 不能用which。①当先行词中有人又有物时。如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?2. 关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况 ②当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等时。如：
This is all that I want from the school.④当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：
The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city. ⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.③当先行词被only, just, very, right, last等修饰时。如：
This is the very book that I am looking for these days.(2) that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。(2)用who不用that的情况①先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时。如：
All who heard the news were excited.②先行词为those, he和people时。如：
Those who want to go please sign your names here.
He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.(3) whose引导的定语从句注意点①whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。
② whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：
The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点④whose的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词 = the+名词+of which，或= of which + the + 名词。如：
The novel whose title (= the title of which或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting.③ whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。⑤whose的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词 = the+名词+of whom，或= of whom + the + 名词。如：
The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend.(4) 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：
Those who are against the plan put up your hands.
Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.
Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.(4)从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致The scientist who we met yesterday is very famous
whom in the world.
that
﹨(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.The dress which she is wearing is new.
that
﹨
(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.巩固练习：1. 用定语从句合并句子巩固练习1：用定语从句合并句子(3) He is the kind person.
I have ever worked with him. (4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person who I have ever worked with.
whom
that
﹨
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
﹨
(which/ that)who/ thatwhosewhich/ thatwho, that, whom, which, whoseI have a friend ___________ likes listening to the classical music.
Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _____________ I gave her.
The man ______ leg broke in a match used to be a good football player.
Kate is reading a book ____________ is too difficult for her.1.The girl __________is standing next to our teacher
is her daughter.
2. The girl _________________our teacher is talking with
is a famous singer.
3. The girl________ mother is a teacher can speak
English very well.
4. I can’t find the book ____________is borrowed from
the library.
5. I can’t find the book ________________you lent to me.who/that(who/whom/that)whosewhich/that(that/which)巩固练习： 用适当的关系词填空巩固练习2：用适当的关系词填空The family _____________ I’m staying with lives in town.
I know the student ______ article was published.
Betty, _____ has never been abroad, is studying English very well.
My parents live in a house ____________ is more than 100 years old.
The boy with _____ John spoke is my brother.
Luckily none of the people ______ I know were killed in the earthquake.(which/ that)whosewho?thatwhich/ thatwhomwhom?省略根据从句中的动词搭配This is the book ___ which you asked.
注意：动词短语不能拆，即介词不提前
我照顾的那个老人好多了。
The old man after whom I am looking is better.
The old man whom I am looking after is better.介词+whom/which如何判断介词for根据从句中的形容词搭配He told me some reference books ____ which I am not very familiar.
This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teacher’s desk.如何判断介词with根据先行词与介词搭配介词 + 关系代词 = 关系副词My grandpa was born in 1939 ________ the World WarⅡ broke out.
Kun Ming is a beautiful place _______ flowers are seen all the year round.如何判断介词in whichwhenin whichwhereThe song, ________ we are interested will be broadcast tonight.
He is the hero ________ we are proud.
This is the college ________ we’ll visit a famous actor.
The earth ________ we live is a big round ball.in whichof whomin whichon whichExerciseDo you like the book ________ she spent $10?
Do you like the book ________ she paid $10?
Do you like the teacher __________ she learned a lot?
Do you like the teacher ___________ we are talking has gone abroad?
He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most ________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.on whichfor whichfrom whomabout whomof which介词+关系代词的使用
先行词是the way，意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/ in which或省略。 I didn't like the way _______________
she talked to me.
The way _________________he
teaches English is interesting.（that/in which）（that/in which）5. 先行词为the way，关系词的使用关系代词as引导1. 先行词与such, the same连用或先行词本身就是the same, such时，要用as。
Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.
Would you like to buy the same pen as I have?
2. 代替整个句子，在从句中作主语，而从句位于句首时，要用as。
As is well known, the earth goes around the sun.The earth is round, ___ we all know.
___ is known to all, the earth is round.
___ is known to all that the earth is round.as AsIt定语从句在句首时只能用as，as 具有正如之意，动词一般较固定as的使用/which Being a volunteer is such a privilege ____ we all want to have.
Being a volunteer is such a privilege ____ we all want to have it.asthatas的使用
五. 关系副词when, where和why的用法五. 关系副词的基本用法
用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War Ⅱ broke out.1. when1. when
用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city.2. where2. where
用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished.Tom couldn’t give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school.3. why3. why
4. 关系副词的用法注意点(1)当先行词为time，表示“次数”时，应用关系词that 或省略。如：
This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country.(2)当point, situation, case等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如：
Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?4. 关系副词的用法注意点
巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空 1) October 1, 1949 was the day______
(__ ______) China was founded.
2) Beijing is the place ______
(____ ______) I live.
3) Is this the reason ____ (___ _____) he
didn’t want to see me?whenon whichwherein whichwhyfor which巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空
4) Is this the room ______(__ ______)
we were living last winter?
5) The days are gone _____
(______ ______) we used “foreign oil”.
6) Yesterday, we had a meeting ______
(__ ______) we discussed many problems.wherein whichwhenduring whichat whichwhere
对比练习：用适当的关系词填空1. The room ___________________ he once lived is still there.
The room ___________________ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.where/in which(that/which)对比练习：用适当的关系词填空
2. I will never forget the day_______________
I met you.
I will never forget the day ______________ we spent together.when/on which(that/which)
The reason _____________ I don’t know is known to him.(that/which)why/for which3. The reason ________________ I don’t
know the thing is that I was not there
at that time.
I’ll never forget the days _____________ we worked together.
I’ll never forget the days __________ we spent together.
I went to the place ______________ I worked ten years ago.
I went to the place __________ I visited ten years ago.
This is the reason _____________ he was late.
This is the reason __________ he gave.when/ in which(that/which)where /in which(which/ that)why /for whichthat/ which及物动词及物动词及物动词六. 非限制性定语从句1. 非限制性定语从句的定义非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。不用that 引导My watch, which is very old, stopped again.六. 1. 非限制性定语从句的定义2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别(1)限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。试比较：This is the best book that I have read.This is a good book, which is easy to understand.2. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别(2)限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一般用关系代词as或which引导。(4)在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。(3)限制性定语从句可以用关系代词that引导，而非限制性定语从句则不能。(5)关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词。如：(6)在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词还可以作介词的宾语。He has two daughters, the elder of whom is married.He is ill, in spite of which he keeps on studying.3. 关系代词as, which引导非限制定语从句时的区别(1)as和which都可指主句的整个意思，而不是主句中的某一个词。as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于主句之后。如：3. as/which引导非限制性定语从句的区别The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.As is known to all, the moon travels round the earth.(2) as多用于下列习惯用语中as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样
as is well known = as is known to all 众所周知
as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样
as often happens 正如经常发生的那样
as has been said before 如上所述
as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的
4. “介词+关系代词”结构引导非限制性定语从句，一般有以下几种结构：(1)名词+介词+关系代词：
They live in a house, the door of which faces south.4. “介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句的几种结构(2)代词+介词+关系代词：
There are four students in the classroom, all of whom are working hard.
(3)数词+介词+关系代词：
Last Sunday I bought a book from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.(4)形容词比较级/最高级+介词+关系代词：
China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.巩固练习1. ① I still remember the days _____ I worked with the farmers.
② I still remember the days _____ I spent with the farmers.
A. which B. on which C. when D. what
2. ① We were on the way _____ it began to rain.
② I don’t like the way _____ you speak to your parents.
A. when B. that C. how D. which CAABin which/ ○3. ① The teacher didn’t know the reason ____ she was absent yesterday.
②The teacher couldn’t accept the reason ____ she explained yesterday.
A. how B. why C. that D. who
4. ① Is this school _____ you ever visited?
② Is this the school _____ you ever studied?
③ Is this the school in _____ you ever studied?
A. where B. which C. that D. the oneBCDAB5. ① This is ____ he said at the meeting yesterday.
② This is all ___ he said at the meeting yesterday.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
6. ① ____ is reported in the newspapers, they have beaten all the other teams.
② ____ is reported in the newspaper that they have beaten all the other teams.
③ ___ is reported in the newspaper is that they have beaten all the other teams.
A. It B. As C. Which D. What CABAD7. ① It was such an easy question ____ they could answer.
② It was such an easy question ____ they could answer it.
A. that B. as C. which D. what
8. ① That is the house, _____ windows hasn’t been cleaned for months.
② That is the house, _____ the windows hasn’t been cleaned for months.
③ That is the house, but _____ windows hasn’t been cleaned for months.
A. it’s B. its C. whose D. of whichBACDB9. ① John said he’d been working in the office for hours, ____ was true.
② John said he’d been working in the office for hours, but _____ is not true.
A. he B. it C. which D. who

10. ① A few people were caught in the big fire, ____ died.
② A few people were caught in the big fire, ____ dead.
A. two of who B. two of whom
C. two of them D. two of theyCBBC11. ① It was 1945 ____ the World War II ended.
② It was in 1945 ____ the World War II ended.
A. that B. which C. when D. at which

12. ① Do you know the girl ____ calling herself Miss Forgetful?
② Do you know the girl ____ calls herself Miss Forgetful?
A. who B. whom C. she D. /CADA13. ① Don’t talk about such things ____ you are not sure of.
② Don’t talk about such things, of ___ you are not sure.
A. which B. what C. as D. those
14. ① He wrote the best composition, ____ surprised all of us.
② He wrote the best composition ____ we all read just now.
A. that B. which C. it D. in whichCABA*Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from Class Two.
My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible.
This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.
The weather turned out to be very good, that was out of our expect.
I will do all what I can to help you.whomwhosewhichthat I’m going to work in the hospital where needs me.
Cathy is the only one of us who have been to America.
Is that factory which your father once worked in?
It is known to all, China is a beautiful country.
It was in this school where I had studied for 3 years.whichhasthe oneAsthatthat---Where did you get to know her?
---It was on the farm _____ we worked. (07山东)
A. that B. there C. which D. where
We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of _____ are healthy. (07北京)
A. that B. which C. what D. whomthat I got to know her