2019中考英语专题复习：宾语从句学案

中考复习专题—宾语从句
一．定义
所谓定语从句指的是及物动词，复合谓语或介词后面的宾语为一个句子，那么此句子则为宾语从句,属于名词性从句[宾语从句，主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句]的一种。
二．连接词
1.从属连词 ：that/if/whether [that只起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且无任何意义，通常可以省略；if和whether引导宾语从句，也只起连接作用，不充当任何成分，有具体的含义，翻译成‘是否’，不能省略。
I hope that I will visit Japan some day.
They are talking about whether their plan should be cancelled because of the sudden rain.
My father wondered if I was telling a lie.
2.连接代词：who/whom/whose/whoever/whomever/what/whatever/which/whichever等。连接代词在从句中要充当普通代词的成分，一般主语，宾语，宾补，表语和定语。
I can’t decide what I should buy at the shop.
I will give you whatever you want.
3.连接副词：when/whenever/where/wherever/how/however/why等。
Can you tell me where the post office is?
We are all curious about how we will go to the city center tomorrow.
三．宾语从句的语序
无论主句是陈述句还是否定句，宾语从句都应当用陈述句语序。这也是宾语从句在考试中最重要的考点之一。
I don’t know how I can get to the post office.
Can you tell me what you really want?
They are discussing when they will meet at the school gate.
Don’t ask me why I was late again.It is just an accident.
It’s hard to decide where we will play soccer the day after tomorrow.
I wonder what is happening there.It’s so noisy.[此处连词代词在宾语从句中本身充当主语，所以宾语从句仍然是陈述句语序]
四．时态
①：宾语从句的时态往往根据具体从句的语境分析。
I don’t know whether he will come this afternoon.
This photo always reminds me of what happened in my village many years ago.
②：主句的谓语动词为一般过去时，从句也要用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时等）
He said he would go to Beijing for vacation the next day.
He told me he had already finished his homework.
③：若宾语从句表达的是客观真理，事实，格言等永恒用一般现在时。
In the past,all of my students often asked me why the earth moves around the sun.
My teacher used to say practice makes perfect.
注意事项
（一）引导宾语从句的if和whether 有哪些区别？
①实用whether的场合
只用whether的场合
例句
在介词后
I am worrying about whether Tom will have time to play football with us tomorrow.
与不定式连用
We don’t know whether to accept his apology.
与or not 连用
I am wondering whether or not it will snow tomorrow.
在及物动词discuss,leave,put等后面
My brother’s leaders are discussing whether they should open up a branch company.
宾语前置（whether位于句首）
Whether he will win the match,it’s hard to say.
whether还可以引导主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句，if仅仅在有限的条件下引导主语从句（通常是it is...if...的句型，而且还不那么正式）
The most troubling question is whether he will charge us with slander.
②：if后可接否定的宾语从句，whether 一般不这么用。
I don’t care if you will get angry with me,because it’s not my fault.
（二）以if和when为例，引导状语从句和宾语从句的注意点
if作为‘如果’引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来含义。【简称 主将从现】
if作为‘是否’引导条件状语从句，时态要视语境而定。
I don’t know if Jack will come back tomorrow.If he come tomorrow,I will call you at once.
when作为‘当...时候’来讲，引导时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来含义。
when作为‘什么时候’来讲，引导宾语从句，时态要视语境而定。
When Jack finishes his homework,he will invite me to watch a movie.However,I don’t know when he will finish his homework.
六．巩固练习
( )1. 一There will be a concert this evening. But I don't know .
一By underground. It takes less time.
A. where it will be held
B. how can I go
C. where will it be held
D. how I can go
( )2. Mom, have you seen my toy bear? I don't know I have left it.
why B. when C. how D. where
( )3. 一Could you please tell me Readers，a TV program hosted by Dong Qing?
一Well, it is fun and teaches us a lot of knowledge.
A. how do people like
B. how people liked
C. why do many people like
D. why many people like
( )4. 一I've just received a WeChat message-"ttyl". Do you know ?
一It stands for "talk to you later".
A. how does it mean
B. how it means
C. what does it mean
D. what it means
( )5. 一Do you know the Belt and Road Forum(一带一路高峰论坛)began?
一On May 14th, 2017.
that B. when C. if D. where
( )6. 一Helen, could you tell me living in the countryside?
一Perhaps next weekend.
A. why you will visit your granny
B. when will you visit your granny
C. when you will visit your granny
D. why will you visit your granny
( )7. Today is Father's Day. I'm thinking about .
A. what present I gave my father
B. if I planned a party for my father
C. how I can give my father a surprise
D. where will my father and I have a big meal
( )8. 一Excuse me, could you tell me ?
一Well, there's one on your left.
A. when the bank opens
B. where the bank is
C. how far is the bank
D. how can I get to the bank
( )9. 一How is your May Day Holiday, John?
一Not bad. You seem so happy. Could you tell me ?
A. what place you have been to
B. if you visit your grandparents
C. who did you spend the holiday with
D. that you watched a football match
( )10. We haven't decided yet we will place our new furniture.
where B. what C. why D. which
( )11. 一Have you decided this summer holiday?
一Yes. To Paris.
A. where do you go B. where you go
C. where will you go D. where you will go
( )12. Mr. Jackson hasn't decided this weekend.
A. where he will have a picnic
B. where will he have a picnic
C. where he had a picnic
D. where did he have a picnic
( )13. 一Do you know Ann goes to work every day?
一Usually by underground.
why B. how C. when D. whether
( )14. 一Do you know ?
一Yes, of course. It will be hosted by Beijing and Zhangjiakou.
A. how will be the 2022 Winter Olympics
B. which city will host the 2022 Winter Olympics
C. when will be the next Winter Olympics
D. where will be the next Winter Olympics
( )15. Could you please tell me ?
A. how can I make the machine work
B. how I can make the machine to work
C. how I can make the machine work
D. how can I make the machine to work
( )16. 一Could you tell me ?
一Look! He is playing volleyball over there.
A. what is Tom doing B. how Tom did it
C. where Tom is D. why Tom is doing it
( )17.Our success depends on _______we are in the same line and try our best.
if B.whether C.how D.that
( )18.When in primary school,I always asked my science teacher why light _______faster than sound.
travels B.would travel C.travelled D.was traveling
( )19.—If he ______a mistake in exams next time,he will be punished by his father.
—I know his father is strict.But I wonder if his father _______like what he appears now in the past.
makes,will be B.will make,was C.makes,is D.makes,was
( )20.A month ago,he told me that he ________go to America in the following days,but he _______at last.
A.would,won’t B.would,didn’t C.would,wouldn’t D.was about to,didn’t