人教版英语选修8 Unit 1 A land od diversity Period3 Learning about Language课件（共41张PPT）
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| 名称 | 人教版英语选修8 Unit 1 A land od diversity Period3 Learning about Language课件（共41张PPT） |  | |
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课件41张PPT。 2019学年度人教版选修八
Unit 1 A land of diversity
Learning about Language1.To understand what a Noun Clause is.
2.To learn about Subject Clause, Predicative Clause, Object Clause and Appositive Clause.Learning aimsLeading-inQuestion:
What is the fun_ction of a noun in a sentence?
名词在句中可以充当什么成分?Noun Clauses Function as a NOUN in a sentence. What I want to do is to go home immediately.
I said that I wanted to go home immediately.
My hope is that I want to go home immediately.
The fact that the earth goes around the sun is acceptable now.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句【定义分析】
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,名词性从句的功能相当于名词(词组)。因此，根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句以及同位语从句。 名词性从句（Noun Clause） 主语从句
Subject Clause 名词性从句
Noun Clause 宾语从句
Object Clause 表语从句
Predicative Clause 同位语从句
Appositive Clause【分类】1. 主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分2. 宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（ 可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）3. 表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后。4. 同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea, belief, fact, truth, problem, news等)后面, 对名词作进一步解释说明。【引导名词性从句的连接词】
连词：that（无意义，宾语从句中可省略）, whether/
if?（表是否，不能省略），as if (好像,不能省略），
because （因为,不能省略), 不充当从句的任何成分。
连接代词: what, who, whom, whose, which , whatever ,
whoever，whichever（在从句中充当主语、宾语或定
语等成分；指人或事；不能省略）
连接副词: when,?where,?how,?why （在从句中充当状
语成分；表时间、地点、方式、原因；不能省略）【按分类分析】
1．主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中作主语的句子；通常位于句末，句首则采用it作形式主语。注意，what引导的主语从句一般不用it作形式主语。主语从句
(1) That he will come is certain.
(2) Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
(3) What surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.当主语从句较长时，多放在句子后部，用 it 作形式主语。(1)常以it作形式主语的句型有：
①It is＋形容词＋that...
It is certain that she will do well in her exam.
毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
②It is＋名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, common knowledge, a surprise, a fact, etc.)＋that...
(2016·江苏高考)It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.通常情况下,对于那些坚持希望的人来说,一切皆有可能。③It is＋过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected,
decided, announced, arranged, etc.)＋that...
It has been suggested that much should be done to
prevent the river from being polluted.
有人建议应做更多的工作阻止河流遭受污染。④It appears/seems that.../It happens that.../It occurred to me that.../It turned out that...
It turned out that nobody remembered the address.结果发现没人记得这地址。
⑤It doesn't matter that.../It makes no difference that...
It doesn't matter whether she will come or not.
她是否来这无关紧要。(2)当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要
以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。
Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow?
他们明天不来很要紧吗？
(3)当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。
How strange it is that the children are so quiet!
孩子们这么安静真奇怪！【即学即练】完成句子
(1) _____________________she should adopt the homeless child. (occur)
她突然想到她应该收养这个无家可归的孩子。
(2) ______________English is being accepted as an international language.（fact）
事实上，英语作为一种国际语言正在被人们接受。It occurred to her that It is a fact that 1. (2017?北京高考) Every year, __________________
_________________ will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
每年，制作最漂亮的风筝的人都会在风筝节中获奖。【高考链接】whoever makes the 2. (2014·陕西高考) ______________________________ depends much on the weather.
延误的飞机何时起飞在很大程度上取决于天气状况。When the delayed flight will take off most beautiful kite2．宾语从句
主从复合句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。
(1)引导宾语从句的连词that一般可以省略，但在及物
动词之后跟有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第
一个that可以省略。
The teacher said (that) the text was very important
and that we should learn it by heart.
老师说这篇课文非常重要，我们应该用心背下来。(2)表示“心理活动”的形容词：afraid, anxious, aware, ashamed, annoyed, certain, confident, content, convinced, determined, disappointed, glad, happy, proud, pleased, sure, surprised, satisfied, thankful, worried等后可接宾语从句。
He was afraid that he would lose.他担心会输。
I am sure that I put the money in the box.
我肯定把钱放在盒子里了。(3)若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式 (此时主语往往为第一人称，偶尔为第三人称；否定词never, seldom, hardly, little无此用法)。
I don't think his decision is wise in reality.
实际上，我觉得他的决定并不明智。
I don't believe that he is a dishonest man.
我认为他是个诚实的人。(4)在think, believe, imagine, suppose, guess, hope
等动词以及I’m afraid之后，可采用so代替肯
定的宾语从句，也可采用not代替否定的宾语
从句。
—Do you believe the news story?—I believe so.
——你相信这个新闻故事吗？——我相信。
—Has Ann got into university?—I am afraid not.
——安上大学了吗？——恐怕是没有。1. (2017?北京高考) Jane moved aimlessly down the
tree-lined street, not knowing _____ she was heading.
简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着, 根本不知道
去往何方。
2. (2017?天津高考) She asked me _________ I had
returned the books to the library, and I admitted that
I hadn’t. 她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了, 我承认
说我还没有。【高考链接】whetherwhere3．表语从句
在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句；学习表语从句
应该注意以下几点。
(1)通常只用that引导表语从句的情况。
①句子的主语为the reason时，表语从句采用that
引导，表示原因，此时不用because。
The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten
bad meat.她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。②句子的主语为the result时，表语从句采用that引导。
The result is that many of them become fat.
结果是他们中许多人发胖了。
③由why引导的从句作主语时。
Why we decided to put off the match is that the weather was too terrible.
我们决定推迟比赛的原因是天气太糟糕了。(2)as if/though引导的表语从句通常置于系动词look, seem, sound, be等后面；表语从句既可以采用虚拟语气，也可采用陈述语气。
It sounded as if somebody was knocking at/on the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。
She treats him as if he were a stranger.
她待他如陌生人。2.（2015?安徽高考）A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ships are built for.
港口里的船是安全的，但是那不是建造船的目的。【高考链接】what1. (2016?北京高考)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ____ one can be entirely free from dust.
雨季最令人高兴的事情就是你完全可以远离灰尘。that【名词性从句考点归纳】
1．名词性从句必须采用陈述语序。
I want to know what he has told you.
我想知道他告诉了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can work well.
她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。2. it作形式主语或宾语：
在名词性从句中，为了使句子保持平衡，常用先
行词it来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句
或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是连词that引导的主
语从句常用于此句式中。
I find it strange that she doesn't want to travel.
她竟不想旅游,我觉得很奇怪。
It is known to us how he became a writer.
我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 3.在名词性从句中 that与what的差异：
what在从句中要充当某个成分(主语、宾语或表语)，
在任何情况下都不能省略，表示“(＝the thing or
things that...; whatever)……的事物； 无论什么；
凡是……的事物”。that本身没有词汇意义，在从
句中不充当任何成分，在口语和非正式文件中，
宾语从句中的that常常省略。(1) _______you have done might do harm to others.
你所做的事或许对别人有害处。
(2) I spent ______ little time I had with my family.
我仅有的一点儿时间都和家人在一起度过了。
(3) No one knows______will happen next.
谁也不知道下一步有什么事。
(4) I think ______you will like the stamps.
我认为你会喜欢这些邮票的。【即学即练】Whatwhatwhat(that)4.whether和if的差异：
(1)引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句，只能
采用whether。
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting
question.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
(2)介词宾语只用whether引导。
He was worrying about whether he had hurt her
feelings.他焦虑地想知道是否伤害了她的感情。(3)当whether引导的宾语从句位于句首表示强调时，
不能被if替换。
Whether he will come or not, I am not sure.
我无法确认他是否会来。
(4)whether经常与or not 直接连用，构成whether or
not。
I don't know whether or not he'll come.
我不知道他是来还是不来。(5)后接动词不定式时只能用whether。
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?
你能否告诉我是去还是留？
(6)动词discuss后面只能接whether引导的宾语从句。
We discussed whether we should close the shop.
我们讨论过我们是否应该关闭这家商店。5.连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever引导名词
性从句的含义：
(1)whoever的用法：
①(＝the person or people who...)……的那个人
Whoever said that?到底谁讲的这话？
②(＝any person who...) ……的任何一个人
Tell whoever you like; it makes no difference to me.
你愿意告诉谁就告诉谁——对我来说都无所谓。(2)whatever的用法：
①(＝any or every)任何；每一
Take whatever action is needed.采取任何必要的措施。
②(＝anything or everything)任何事物；一切事物
You must do whatever is best for you.
什么对你最有利你就得做什么。
③无论什么，不管什么
You have our support, whatever you decide.
不管你做何决定，都会得到我们的支持。(3)whichever的用法：
①(表示某特征或品质在作决定时重要)……的那个；
……的那些
Take whichever hat suits you best.
挑个最适合你戴的帽子。
②无论哪个；无论哪些
Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.
你们当中不论哪个进来都将会得到奖励。【高考链接】单句改错(2016·北京高考)Some people believe whenever has
happened before or is happening now will repeat
itself in the future.
whatever6．虚拟语气结构在名词性从句中的应用：
(1)主语从句
It is necessary that he (should) come to see us.
他有必要来看望我们。
(2)宾语从句
The teacher suggested that we (should) have a rest.
老师建议我们休息。(3)表语从句
My suggestion is that we (should) read English newspapers to improve our English.
我建议我们应阅读英文报纸来提高我们的英语水平。Fill in the blanks with the correct word.
There was no doubt ____ it was in the supermarket
_____ I lost my wallet yesterday.
2.Although most of them have no doubt _______ he will
pass the exam, I still wonder ___________ he has
really got everything ready. Class exercisesthatthatthatif/whether3. Everyone knows that _____ is dangerous to play
with fire, but _____ is difficult is to prevent children
from playing with fire.
4.You have to know ______you’re going if you are to
plan the best way of getting there.
5.(2015·福建高考)I wonder ______Mary has kept her
figure after all these years.itwhatwherehowHomeworkRevise the language points in reading text.
Finish exercises 1-4 on page 5.
Finish exercises 1-3 on page 48-49 in workbook. Goals determine what you’re going to be.
人生的奋斗目标决定你将成为怎样的人。
Unit 1 A land of diversity
Learning about Language1.To understand what a Noun Clause is.
2.To learn about Subject Clause, Predicative Clause, Object Clause and Appositive Clause.Learning aimsLeading-inQuestion:
What is the fun_ction of a noun in a sentence?
名词在句中可以充当什么成分?Noun Clauses Function as a NOUN in a sentence. What I want to do is to go home immediately.
I said that I wanted to go home immediately.
My hope is that I want to go home immediately.
The fact that the earth goes around the sun is acceptable now.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句【定义分析】
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,名词性从句的功能相当于名词(词组)。因此，根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句以及同位语从句。 名词性从句（Noun Clause） 主语从句
Subject Clause 名词性从句
Noun Clause 宾语从句
Object Clause 表语从句
Predicative Clause 同位语从句
Appositive Clause【分类】1. 主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分2. 宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（ 可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）3. 表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后。4. 同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea, belief, fact, truth, problem, news等)后面, 对名词作进一步解释说明。【引导名词性从句的连接词】
连词：that（无意义，宾语从句中可省略）, whether/
if?（表是否，不能省略），as if (好像,不能省略），
because （因为,不能省略), 不充当从句的任何成分。
连接代词: what, who, whom, whose, which , whatever ,
whoever，whichever（在从句中充当主语、宾语或定
语等成分；指人或事；不能省略）
连接副词: when,?where,?how,?why （在从句中充当状
语成分；表时间、地点、方式、原因；不能省略）【按分类分析】
1．主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中作主语的句子；通常位于句末，句首则采用it作形式主语。注意，what引导的主语从句一般不用it作形式主语。主语从句
(1) That he will come is certain.
(2) Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
(3) What surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.当主语从句较长时，多放在句子后部，用 it 作形式主语。(1)常以it作形式主语的句型有：
①It is＋形容词＋that...
It is certain that she will do well in her exam.
毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
②It is＋名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, common knowledge, a surprise, a fact, etc.)＋that...
(2016·江苏高考)It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.通常情况下,对于那些坚持希望的人来说,一切皆有可能。③It is＋过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected,
decided, announced, arranged, etc.)＋that...
It has been suggested that much should be done to
prevent the river from being polluted.
有人建议应做更多的工作阻止河流遭受污染。④It appears/seems that.../It happens that.../It occurred to me that.../It turned out that...
It turned out that nobody remembered the address.结果发现没人记得这地址。
⑤It doesn't matter that.../It makes no difference that...
It doesn't matter whether she will come or not.
她是否来这无关紧要。(2)当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要
以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。
Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow?
他们明天不来很要紧吗？
(3)当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。
How strange it is that the children are so quiet!
孩子们这么安静真奇怪！【即学即练】完成句子
(1) _____________________she should adopt the homeless child. (occur)
她突然想到她应该收养这个无家可归的孩子。
(2) ______________English is being accepted as an international language.（fact）
事实上，英语作为一种国际语言正在被人们接受。It occurred to her that It is a fact that 1. (2017?北京高考) Every year, __________________
_________________ will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
每年，制作最漂亮的风筝的人都会在风筝节中获奖。【高考链接】whoever makes the 2. (2014·陕西高考) ______________________________ depends much on the weather.
延误的飞机何时起飞在很大程度上取决于天气状况。When the delayed flight will take off most beautiful kite2．宾语从句
主从复合句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。
(1)引导宾语从句的连词that一般可以省略，但在及物
动词之后跟有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第
一个that可以省略。
The teacher said (that) the text was very important
and that we should learn it by heart.
老师说这篇课文非常重要，我们应该用心背下来。(2)表示“心理活动”的形容词：afraid, anxious, aware, ashamed, annoyed, certain, confident, content, convinced, determined, disappointed, glad, happy, proud, pleased, sure, surprised, satisfied, thankful, worried等后可接宾语从句。
He was afraid that he would lose.他担心会输。
I am sure that I put the money in the box.
我肯定把钱放在盒子里了。(3)若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式 (此时主语往往为第一人称，偶尔为第三人称；否定词never, seldom, hardly, little无此用法)。
I don't think his decision is wise in reality.
实际上，我觉得他的决定并不明智。
I don't believe that he is a dishonest man.
我认为他是个诚实的人。(4)在think, believe, imagine, suppose, guess, hope
等动词以及I’m afraid之后，可采用so代替肯
定的宾语从句，也可采用not代替否定的宾语
从句。
—Do you believe the news story?—I believe so.
——你相信这个新闻故事吗？——我相信。
—Has Ann got into university?—I am afraid not.
——安上大学了吗？——恐怕是没有。1. (2017?北京高考) Jane moved aimlessly down the
tree-lined street, not knowing _____ she was heading.
简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着, 根本不知道
去往何方。
2. (2017?天津高考) She asked me _________ I had
returned the books to the library, and I admitted that
I hadn’t. 她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了, 我承认
说我还没有。【高考链接】whetherwhere3．表语从句
在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句；学习表语从句
应该注意以下几点。
(1)通常只用that引导表语从句的情况。
①句子的主语为the reason时，表语从句采用that
引导，表示原因，此时不用because。
The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten
bad meat.她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。②句子的主语为the result时，表语从句采用that引导。
The result is that many of them become fat.
结果是他们中许多人发胖了。
③由why引导的从句作主语时。
Why we decided to put off the match is that the weather was too terrible.
我们决定推迟比赛的原因是天气太糟糕了。(2)as if/though引导的表语从句通常置于系动词look, seem, sound, be等后面；表语从句既可以采用虚拟语气，也可采用陈述语气。
It sounded as if somebody was knocking at/on the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。
She treats him as if he were a stranger.
她待他如陌生人。2.（2015?安徽高考）A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ships are built for.
港口里的船是安全的，但是那不是建造船的目的。【高考链接】what1. (2016?北京高考)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ____ one can be entirely free from dust.
雨季最令人高兴的事情就是你完全可以远离灰尘。that【名词性从句考点归纳】
1．名词性从句必须采用陈述语序。
I want to know what he has told you.
我想知道他告诉了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can work well.
她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。2. it作形式主语或宾语：
在名词性从句中，为了使句子保持平衡，常用先
行词it来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句
或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是连词that引导的主
语从句常用于此句式中。
I find it strange that she doesn't want to travel.
她竟不想旅游,我觉得很奇怪。
It is known to us how he became a writer.
我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 3.在名词性从句中 that与what的差异：
what在从句中要充当某个成分(主语、宾语或表语)，
在任何情况下都不能省略，表示“(＝the thing or
things that...; whatever)……的事物； 无论什么；
凡是……的事物”。that本身没有词汇意义，在从
句中不充当任何成分，在口语和非正式文件中，
宾语从句中的that常常省略。(1) _______you have done might do harm to others.
你所做的事或许对别人有害处。
(2) I spent ______ little time I had with my family.
我仅有的一点儿时间都和家人在一起度过了。
(3) No one knows______will happen next.
谁也不知道下一步有什么事。
(4) I think ______you will like the stamps.
我认为你会喜欢这些邮票的。【即学即练】Whatwhatwhat(that)4.whether和if的差异：
(1)引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句，只能
采用whether。
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting
question.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
(2)介词宾语只用whether引导。
He was worrying about whether he had hurt her
feelings.他焦虑地想知道是否伤害了她的感情。(3)当whether引导的宾语从句位于句首表示强调时，
不能被if替换。
Whether he will come or not, I am not sure.
我无法确认他是否会来。
(4)whether经常与or not 直接连用，构成whether or
not。
I don't know whether or not he'll come.
我不知道他是来还是不来。(5)后接动词不定式时只能用whether。
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?
你能否告诉我是去还是留？
(6)动词discuss后面只能接whether引导的宾语从句。
We discussed whether we should close the shop.
我们讨论过我们是否应该关闭这家商店。5.连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever引导名词
性从句的含义：
(1)whoever的用法：
①(＝the person or people who...)……的那个人
Whoever said that?到底谁讲的这话？
②(＝any person who...) ……的任何一个人
Tell whoever you like; it makes no difference to me.
你愿意告诉谁就告诉谁——对我来说都无所谓。(2)whatever的用法：
①(＝any or every)任何；每一
Take whatever action is needed.采取任何必要的措施。
②(＝anything or everything)任何事物；一切事物
You must do whatever is best for you.
什么对你最有利你就得做什么。
③无论什么，不管什么
You have our support, whatever you decide.
不管你做何决定，都会得到我们的支持。(3)whichever的用法：
①(表示某特征或品质在作决定时重要)……的那个；
……的那些
Take whichever hat suits you best.
挑个最适合你戴的帽子。
②无论哪个；无论哪些
Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.
你们当中不论哪个进来都将会得到奖励。【高考链接】单句改错(2016·北京高考)Some people believe whenever has
happened before or is happening now will repeat
itself in the future.
whatever6．虚拟语气结构在名词性从句中的应用：
(1)主语从句
It is necessary that he (should) come to see us.
他有必要来看望我们。
(2)宾语从句
The teacher suggested that we (should) have a rest.
老师建议我们休息。(3)表语从句
My suggestion is that we (should) read English newspapers to improve our English.
我建议我们应阅读英文报纸来提高我们的英语水平。Fill in the blanks with the correct word.
There was no doubt ____ it was in the supermarket
_____ I lost my wallet yesterday.
2.Although most of them have no doubt _______ he will
pass the exam, I still wonder ___________ he has
really got everything ready. Class exercisesthatthatthatif/whether3. Everyone knows that _____ is dangerous to play
with fire, but _____ is difficult is to prevent children
from playing with fire.
4.You have to know ______you’re going if you are to
plan the best way of getting there.
5.(2015·福建高考)I wonder ______Mary has kept her
figure after all these years.itwhatwherehowHomeworkRevise the language points in reading text.
Finish exercises 1-4 on page 5.
Finish exercises 1-3 on page 48-49 in workbook. Goals determine what you’re going to be.
人生的奋斗目标决定你将成为怎样的人。