2019年全国卷Ⅰ英语高考真题试卷（解析版,无听力音频及原文）

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2019年高考英语真题试卷（全国Ⅰ卷）原卷+解析版
一、听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
1.（2019?全国Ⅰ）Where
does
this
conversation
take
place?
A.?In
a
classroom.??
B.?In
a
hospital.??????C.?In
a
museum.
【答案】
B
【考点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】略
2.（2019?
全国
Ⅰ）What
does
Jack
want
to
do?
A.?Take
fitness
classes.?
B.?Buy
a
pair
of
gym
shoes.?C.?Change
his
work
schedule.
【答案】
A
【考点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】略
3.（2019?
全国Ⅰ）What
are
the
speakers
talking
about?
A.?What
to
drink.???
B.?Where
tomeet.?
C.?When
to
leave.
【答案】
B
【考点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】略
4.（2019?
全国Ⅰ）What
is
the
relationship
between
the
speakers?
A.?Colleges.?????B.?Classmates.?????C.?Strangers.
【答案】
C
【考点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】略
5.（2019?
全国Ⅰ）Why
is
Emily
mentioned
in
the
conversation?
A.?She
might
want
a
ticket.??
B.?She
is
looking
for
the
man.?
C.?She
has
an
extra
ticket.
【答案】
A
【考点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】略
二、听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
6.（2019?
全国Ⅰ）听第6段材料，回答两小题。
（1）How
long
did
James
run
his
business？
A.?10
years.??
B.?13years.?
C.?15
years.
（2）How
does
the
woman
feel
about
James'
situation？
A.?Embarrassed.?????B.?Concerned.??
?C.?Disappointed.
【答案】
（1）C
（2）B
【考点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】略
7.（2019?
全国Ⅰ）听第7段材料，回答三小题。
（1）What
has
Kate's
mother
decided
to
do？
A.?Return
to
school.????B.?Change
her
job.???C.?Retire
from
work.
（2）What
did
Kate's
mother
study
at
college？
A.?Oil
painting.?????B.?Art
history.?
?C.?Business
administration.
（3）What
is
Kate's
attitude
toward
her
mother's
decision?
A.?Disapproving.?????B.?Ambiguous.??
??C.?Understanding.
【答案】
（1）A
（2）C
（3）C
【考点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】略
8.（2019?
全国Ⅰ）听第8段材料，回答三小题。
（1）What
is
the
man
doing？
A.?Chairing
a
meeting.??
B.?Hosting
a
radio
program.??
C.?Conducting
a
job
interview.
（2）What
benefits
Mary
most
in
her
job？
A.?Her
wide
reading.???B.?Her
leaders'
guidance.???C.?Her
friends'
help
（3）Who
will
Mary
talk
about
next？
A.?Her
teacher.????B.?Her
father????C.?Her
mother.
【答案】
（1）B
（2）A
（3）C
【考点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】略
9.（2019?
全国Ⅰ）听第9段材料，回答四小题。
（1）Why
does
the
man
seldom
do
exercise？
A.?He
lacks
motivation.?
?B.?He
has
a
heart
problem.??C.?He
works
all
the
time.
（2）What
does
Jacob
Sattelmair
probably
do？
A.?He's
an
athlete.???B.?He's
a
researcher.???C.?He's
a
journalist.
（3）Why
does
the
woman
speak
of
a
study？
A.?To
encourage
the
man.?
B.?To
recommend
an
exercise.
?C.?To
support
her
findings.
（4）How
much
time
will
the
man
probably
spend
exercising
weekly？
A.?300
minutes.?????B.?150
minute.??
?C.?75
minutes.
【答案】
（1）A
（2）B
（3）A
（4）C
【考点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】略
10.（2019?
全国Ⅰ）听第10段材料，回答三小题。
（1）What
did
the
scientists
do
to
the
road？
A.?They
repaired
it.????B.?They
painted
it.???C.?They
blocked
it
（2）Why
are
young
birds
drawn
to
the
road
surface？
A.?It's
warm.??????B.?It's
brown.??
?C.?It's
smooth.
（3）What
is
the
purpose
of
the
scientists'
experiment？
A.?To
keep
the
birds
there
for
a
whole
year.
B.?To
help
students
study
the
birds
well.
C.?To
prevent
the
birds
from
being
killed.
【答案】
（1）B
（2）A
（3）C
【考点】独白
【解析】【听力原文】略
三、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
11.（2019?
全国Ⅰ）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Need
a
Job
This
Summer?
???
The
provincial
government
and
its
partners
offer
many
programs
to
help
students
find
summer
jobs.
The
deadlines
and
what
you
need
to
apply
depend
on
the
program.
???
Not
a
student?
Go
to
the
government
website
to
learn
about
programs
and
online
tools
available
to
help
people
under
30
build
skills,
find
a
job
or
start
businesses
all
year
round.
???
Jobs
for
Youth
???
If
you
are
a
teenager
living
in
certain
parts
of
the
province,
you
could
be
eligible(符合条件)for
this
program.
Which
provides
eight
weeks
of
paid
employment
along
with
training.
???
Who
is
eligible:
Youth
15-18
years
old
in
select
communities(社区).
???
Summer
Company
???
Summer
Company
provides
students
with
hands-on
business
training
and
awards
of
up
to
$3,000
to
start
and
run
their
own
summer
businesses.
???
Who
is
eligible:
Students
aged
15-29,
returning
to
school
in
the
fall.
???
Stewardship
Youth
Ranger
Program
???
You
could
apply
to
be
a
Stewardship
Youth
Ranger
and
work
on
local
natural
resource
management
projects
for
eight
weeks
this
summer.
???
Who
is
eligible:
Students
aged
16
or
17
at
time
of
hire,
but
not
turning
18
before
December
31
this
year.
???
Summer
Employment
Opportunities(机会)
???
Through
the
Summer
Employment
Opportunities
program,
students
are
hired
each
year
in
a
variety
of
summer
positions
across
the
Provincial
Public
Service,
its
related
agencies
and
community
groups.
???
Who
is
eligible:
Students
aged
15
or
older.
Some
positions
require
students
to
be
15
to
24
or
up
to
29
for
persons
with
a
disability.
（1）What
is
special
about
Summer
Company?
A.?It
requires
no
training
before
employment.
B.?It
provides
awards
for
running
new
businesses.
C.?It
allows
one
to
work
in
the
natural
environment.
D.?It
offers
more
summer
job
opportunities.
（2）What
is
the
age
range
required
by
Stewardship
Youth
Ranger
Program?
A.?15-18.???
B.?15-24.?
?C.?15-29.????D.?16-17.
（3）Which
program
favors
the
disabled?
A.?Jobs
for
Youth.
B.?Summer
Company.
C.?Stewardship
Youth
Ranger
Program.
D.?Summer
Employment
Opportunities.
【答案】
（1）B
（2）D
（3）D
【考点】细节理解题，时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了由省级政府及合作伙伴为学生提供的暑期工的信息。
（1）细节理解题。将题干中的Summer
Company定位在第二个小标题，由provides
students
with
hands-on
business
training
and
awards
of
up
to
$3,000
to
start
and
run
their
own
summer
businesses可知该项目为学生提供实际商业培训，并提供多达3000美元的奖励作为创业基金。故答案为B。
（2）细节理解题。将题干中的Stewardship
Youth
Ranger
Program定位在第三个小标题，根据Students
aged
16
or
17
at
time
of
hire可知该项目的合适年龄为16——17岁。故答案为D。
（3）细节理解题。将题干中的the
disabled定位在最后一段的persons
with
a
disability.
可知Summer
Employment
Opportunities能为残疾人提供工作机会。故答案为D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。
12.（2019?
全国Ⅰ）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
???
For
Canaan
Elementary's
second
grade
in
Patchogue,
N.Y.,
today
is
speech
day,
and
right
now
it's
Chris
Palaez's
turn.
The
8-year-old
is
the
joker
of
the
class.
With
shining
dark
eyes,
he
seems
like
the
kind
of
kid
who
would
enjoy
public
speaking.
???
But
he's,
nervous.
"I'm
here
to
tell
you
today
why
you
should
…
should…"Chris
trips
on
the
"-ld,"
a
pronunciation
difficulty
for
many
non-native
English
speakers.
His
teacher,
Thomas
Whaley,
is
next
to
him,
whispering
support."…Vote
for
…me
…"Except
for
some
stumbles,
Chris
is
doing
amazingly
well.
When
he
brings
his
speech
to
a
nice
conclusion,
Whaley
invites
the
rest
of
the
class
to
praise
him.
???
A
son
of
immigrants,
Chris
stared
learning
English
a
little
over
three
years
ago.
Whaley
recalls(回想起)how
at
the
beginning
of
the
year,
when
called
upon
to
read,
Chris
would
excuse
himself
to
go
to
the
bathroom.
???
Learning
English
as
a
second
language
can
be
a
painful
experience.
What
you
need
is
a
great
teacher
who
lets
you
make
mistakes.
"It
takes
a
lot
for
any
student,"
Whaley
explains,
"especially
for
a
student
who
is
learning
English
as
their
new
language,
to
feel
confident
enough
to
say,
'I
don't
know,
but
I
want
to
know.'"
???
Whaley
got
the
idea
of
this
second-grade
presidential
campaign
project
when
he
asked
the
children
one
day
to
raise
their
hands
if
they
thought
they
could
never
be
a
president.
The
answer
broke
his
heart.
Whaley
says
the
project
is
about
more
than
just
learning
to
read
and
speak
in
public.
He
wants
these
kids
to
learn
to
boast(夸耀)about
themselves.
???
"Boasting
about
yourself,
and
your
best
qualities,"
Whaley
says,
"is
very
difficult
for
a
child
who
came
into
the
classroom
not
feeling
confident."
（1）What
made
Chris
nervous？
A.?Telling
a
story.?
B.?Making
a
speech.??
C.?Taking
a
test.???
D.?Answering
a
question.
（2）What
does
the
underlined
word
"stumbles"
in
paragraph
2
refer
to?
A.?Improper
pauses.??
B.?Bad
manners.?????????????
C.?Spelling
mistakes.???
D.?Silly
jokes.
（3）We
can
infer
that
the
purpose
of
Whaley's
project
is
to
_________.
A.?help
students
see
their
own
strengths
B.?assess
students'
public
speaking
skills
C.?prepare
students
for
their
future
jobs
D.?inspire
students'
love
for
politics
（4）Which
of
the
following
best
describes
Whaley
as
a
teacher?
A.?Humorous.???B.?Ambitious.???C.?Caring.???D.?Demanding.
【答案】
（1）B
（2）A
（3）A
（4）C
【考点】推理判断题，词义猜测题，细节理解题，人物故事类，记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。通过Chris
Palaez的演讲来引出Whaley老师对孩子们的成长做出的努力。通过组织活动来增强移民的的孩子们在学习英语上的信心。
（1）细节理解题。将题干中的nervous定位的第二段第一句，此处与上文构成转折，所以通过上下文可知他在做演讲。故答案为B。
（2）词义猜测题。A、不正确的停顿；B、没有礼貌；C、拼写错误；D、愚蠢的玩笑。根据句意：除了一些……，克里斯做的非常好。结合前一句I'm
here
to
tell
you
today
why
you
should
…
should…可知他在表达时有些“不正确的停顿”，故答案为A。
（3）推理判断题。通过题干中的Whaley's
project将本题答案定位在倒数第二段最后两句Whaley
says
the
project
is
about
more
than
just
learning
to
read
and
speak
in
public.
He
wants
these
kids
to
learn
to
boast（夸耀）about
themselves，Whaley不只是想让孩子们学会在公共场所读书讲话，他想让这些孩子们学会夸耀自己，最后一段“Boasting
about
yourself，and
your
best
qualities,is
very
difficult
for
a
child
who
came
into
the
classroom
not
feeling
confident.”夸耀自己及自己的最好的品质对于没有自信的孩子来说很难的。可知他的目的是让孩子们看见自己的优点（see
their
own
strengths）。故whaley的词答案为A。
（4）推理判断题。本题要求找出能够描述老师Whaley的词，Humorous幽默的；ambitious有雄心的；caring关心的；demanding苛求的。通过文章中的叙述可知Whaley通过让学生做公开演讲来增强孩子们的语言能力，更重要的是增强孩子们的自信，所以他是一位关心孩子成长的老师，故答案为C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
13.（2019?
全国Ⅰ）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
???
As
data
and
identity
theft
becomes
more
and
more
common,
the
market
is
growing
for
biometric(生物测量)technologies—like
fingerprint
scans—to
keep
others
out
of
private
e-spaces.
At
present,
these
technologies
are
still
expensive,
though.
???
Researchers
from
Georgia
Tech
say
that
they
have
come
up
with
a
low-cost
device(装置)that
gets
around
this
problem:
a
smart
keyboard.
This
smart
keyboard
precisely
measures
the
cadence(节奏)with
which
one
types
and
the
pressure
fingers
apply
to
each
key.
The
keyboard
could
offer
a
strong
layer
of
security
by
analyzing
things
like
the
force
of
a
user's
typing
and
the
time
between
key
presses.
These
patterns
are
unique
to
each
person.
Thus,
the
keyboard
can
determine
people's
identities,
and
by
extension,
whether
they
should
be
given
access
to
the
computer
it's
connected
to—regardless
of
whether
someone
gets
the
password
right.
???
It
also
doesn't
require
a
new
type
of
technology
that
people
aren't
already
familiar
with.
Everybody
uses
a
keyboard
and
everybody
types
differently.
???
In
a
study
describing
the
technology,
the
researchers
had
100
volunteers
type
the
word
"touch"
four
times
using
the
smart
keyboard.
Data
collected
from
the
device
could
be
used
to
recognize
different
participants
based
on
how
they
typed,
with
very
low
error
rates.
The
researchers
say
that
the
keyboard
should
be
pretty
straightforward
to
commercialize
and
is
mostly
made
of
inexpensive,
plastic-like
parts.
The
team
hopes
to
make
it
to
market
in
the
near
future.
（1）Why
do
the
researchers
develop
the
smart
keyboard?
A.?To
reduce
pressure
on
keys.
B.?To
improve
accuracy
in
typing
C.?To
replace
the
password
system.
D.?To
cut
the
cost
of
e-space
protection.
（2）What
makes
the
invention
of
the
smart
keyboard
possible?
A.?Computers
are
much
easier
to
operate.
B.?Fingerprint
scanning
techniques
develop
fast.
C.?Typing
patterns
vary
from
person
to
person.
D.?Data
security
measures
are
guaranteed.
（3）What
do
the
researchers
expect
of
the
smart
keyboard?
A.?It'll
be
environment-friendly.
B.?It'll
reach
consumers
soon.
C.?It'll
be
made
of
plastics.
D.?It'll
help
speed
up
typing.
（4）Where
is
this
text
most
likely
from?
A.?A
diary.??
B.?A
guidebook.???C.?A
novel.???D.?A
magazine.
【答案】
（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
【考点】科普环保类，说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。随着身份信息被盗用变得越来越普遍，像指纹扫描这样的生物技术使用的越来越多，但是其代价也很高。于是来自Georgia
Tech的研究者提出了一种精确但是成本低廉的“智能键盘”技术，人们敲击键盘的力度、节奏等具有唯一性，这样即使密码泄露也不用担心别人进入你的电子空间。
（1）细节理解题。将smart
keyboard定位在第二段第一句，根据其前面的
low-cost
device可知这项技术是为了解决第一段最后一句中的expensive问题，即减少电子空间保护的成本。故答案为D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段中的The
keyboard
could
offer
a
strong
layer
of
security
by
analyzing
things
like
the
force
of
a
user's
typing
and
the
time
between
key
presses.
These
patterns
are
unique
to
each
person.
Thus,
the
keyboard
can
determine
people's
identities可知，键盘通过分析使用者的打字力度和节奏，提供一重安全保障，因为每个人的打字力度和节奏都是独一无二的。故答案为C。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段The
team
hopes
to
make
it
to
market
in
the
near
future.可知这个团队希望这项技术能尽快进入市场，尽快与消费者见面。故答案为B。
（4）推理判断题。本题询问文章的来源。Diary日记；guidebook旅行指南；novel小说；magazine。本文属于科技发明方面的文章，所以可以排除ABC选项，故答案为D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
14.（2019?
全国Ⅰ）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
???
During
the
rosy
years
of
elementary
school(小学),
I
enjoyed
sharing
my
dolls
and
jokes,
which
allowed
me
to
keep
my
high
social
status.
I
was
the
queen
of
the
playground.
Then
came
my
tweens
and
teens,
and
mean
girls
and
cool
kids.
They
rose
in
the
ranks
not
by
being
friendly
but
by
smoking
cigarettes,
breaking
rules
and
playing
jokes
on
others,
among
whom
I
soon
found
myself.
???
Popularity
is
a
well-explored
subject
in
social
psychology.
Mitch
Prinstein,
a
professor
of
clinical
psychology
sorts
the
popular
into
two
categories:
the
likable
and
the
status
seekers.
The
likables'
plays-well-with-others
qualities
strengthen
schoolyard
friendships,
jump-start
interpersonal
skills
and,
when
tapped
early,
are
employed
ever
after
in
life
and
work.
Then
there's
the
kind
of
popularity
that
appears
in
adolescence:
status
born
of
power
and
even
dishonorable
behavior.
???
Enviable
as
the
cool
kids
may
have
seemed,
Dr.
Prinstein's
studies
show
unpleasant
consequences.
Those
who
were
highest
in
status
in
high
school,
as
well
as
those
least
liked
in
elementary
school,
are
"most
likely
to
engage(从事)in
dangerous
and
risky
behavior."
???
In
one
study,
Dr.
Prinstein
examined
the
two
types
of
popularity
in
235
adolescents,
scoring
the
least
liked,
the
most
liked
and
the
highest
in
status
based
on
student
surveys(调查研究).
"We
found
that
the
least
well-liked
teens
had
become
more
aggressive
over
time
toward
their
classmates.
But
so
had
those
who
were
high
in
status.
It
clearly
showed
that
while
likability
can
lead
to
healthy
adjustment,
high
status
has
just
the
opposite
effect
on
us."
???
Dr.
Prinstein
has
also
found
that
the
qualities
that
made
the
neighbors
want
you
on
a
play
date-sharing,
kindness,
openness
—
carry
over
to
later
years
and
make
you
better
able
to
relate
and
connect
with
others.
???
In
analyzing
his
and
other
research,
Dr.
Prinstein
came
to
another
conclusion:
Not
only
is
likability
related
to
positive
life
outcomes,
but
it
is
also
responsible
for
those
outcomes,
too.
"Being
liked
creates
opportunities
for
learning
and
for
new
kinds
of
life
experiences
that
help
somebody
gain
an
advantage,"
he
said.
（1）What
sort
of
girl
was
the
author
in
her
early
years
of
elementary
school?
A.?Unkind.?
?B.?Lonely.?
?C.?Generous.???D.?Cool.
（2）What
is
the
second
paragraph
mainly
about?
A.?The
classification
of
the
popular.
B.?The
characteristics
of
adolescents.
C.?The
importance
of
interpersonal
skills.
D.?The
causes
of
dishonorable
behavior.
（3）What
did
Dr.
Prinstein's
study
find
about
the
most
liked
kids?
A.?They
appeared
to
be
aggressive.
B.?They
tended
to
be
more
adaptable.
C.?They
enjoyed
the
highest
status.
D.?They
performed
well
academically.
（4）What
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.?Be
Nice-You
Won't
Finish
Last
B.?The
Higher
the
Status,
the
Beer
C.?Be
the
Best-You
Can
Make
It
D.?More
Self-Control,
Less
Aggressiveness
【答案】
（1）C
（2）A
（3）B
（4）A
【考点】议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。受欢迎在小学阶段是因为分享，在中学阶段却是因为叛逆和与众不同。心理学家将受欢迎分类为讨人喜欢的人和地位寻求者，讨人喜欢的人不仅有良好的人际关系，他们的以后的人生也有积极的经历。而那些追求地位的孩子往往会从事一些比较危险的活动。
（1）推理判断题。将elementary
school定位在第一段，作者小时候enjoyed
sharing
my
dolls
and
jokes，这让她在同学中有较高的社会地位。unkind不善良的；lonely孤独的；generous慷慨的；cool酷的。Share是慷慨的表现，故答案为C。
（2）段落大意题。本段通过临床心理学教授对“受欢迎”进行分类：讨人喜欢的人和地位寻求者。前者与他人相处融洽的品质加强了校园友谊，激发了人际交往技巧，并且在很早的时候，就被用在了生活和工作中；而后者通过权力带来的地位，甚至有不光彩的行为。所以本段的中心是对“受欢迎的人”的分类，故答案为A。
（3）细节理解题。将题干中的the
most
liked定位在第四段第一句。通过分析引号中的“We
found
that
the
least
well-liked
teens
had
become
more
aggressive
over
time
toward
their
classmates.
But
so
had
those
who
were
high
in
status.
It
clearly
showed
that
while
likability
can
lead
to
healthy
adjustment,
high
status
has
just
the
opposite
effect
on
us."可知，最不受欢迎的和地位高的人都会有攻击性。受喜爱会导致健康的适应，而地位高的却相反。故答案为B。
（4）主旨大意题。本文讲述受喜爱不仅有积极的结果，而且还为学习和新的生活体验创造机会。选项A：与人为善——你不会吃亏的。符合。故答案为A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，段落大意和主旨大意四种题型的考查，是一篇议论文阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
四、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
15.（2019?
全国Ⅰ）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Is
Fresh
Air
Really
Good
for
You?
???
We
all
grew
up
hearing
people
tell
us
to
"go
out
and
get
some
fresh
air."
________?According
to
recent
studies,
the
answer
is
a
big
YES,
if
the
air
quality
in
your
camping
area
is
good.
???
________?If
the
air
you're
breathing
is
clean-which
it
would
be
if
you're
away
from
the
smog
of
cities-then
the
air
is
filled
with
life-giving,
energizing
oxygen.
If
you
exercise
out
of
doors,
your
body
will
learn
to
breathe
more
deeply,
allowing
even
more
oxygen
to
get
to
your
muscles(肌肉)and
your
brain.
???
Recently,
people
have
begun
studying
the
connection
between
the
natural
world
and
healing(治愈).
________?In
these
places
patients
can
go
to
be
near
nature
during
their
recovery.
It
turns
out
that
just
looking
at
green,
growing
things
can
reduce
stress,
lower
blood
pressure,
and
put
people
into
a
better
mood(情绪).Greenery
is
good
for
us.
Hospital
patients
who
see
tree
branches
out
their
window
are
likely
to
recover
at
a
faster
rate
than
patients
who
see
buildings
or
sky
instead.
________?It
gives
us
a
great
feeling
of
peace.
???
________While
the
sun's
rays
can
age
and
harm
our
skin,
they
also
give
is
beneficial
Vitamin
D.
To
make
sure
you
get
enough
Vitamin
D—but
still
protect
your
skin—
put
on
sunscreen
right
as
you
head
outside.
It
takes
sunscreen
about
fifteen
minutes
to
start
working,
and
that's
plenty
of
time
for
your
skin
to
absorb
a
day's
worth
of
Vitamin
D.
A.
Fresh
air
cleans
our
lungs.
B.
So
what
are
you
waiting
for?
C.
Being
in
nature
refreshes
us.
D.
Another
side
benefit
of
getting
fresh
air
is
sunlight.
E.
But
is
fresh
air
really
as
good
for
you
as
your
mother
always
said?
F.
Just
as
importantly,
we
tend
to
associate
air
with
health
care.
G.
All
across
the
country,
recovery
centers
have
begun
building
Healing
Gardens.
【答案】
E；A；G；C；D
【考点】七选五
【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文，谈论在没有污染的环境中，新鲜空气对人体有好处，能加快病人的康复。
A.
Fresh
air
cleans
our
lungs.
新鲜的空气清洁我们的肺。
B.
So
what
are
you
waiting
for?
所以你在等待什么？
C.
Being
in
nature
refreshes
us.
待在自然中可以让我们恢复精力。
D.
Another
side
benefit
of
getting
fresh
air
is
sunlight.
得到新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光。
E.
But
is
fresh
air
really
as
good
for
you
as
your
mother
always
said?
但是新鲜的空气真的正如你妈妈经常说的那样对你有好处吗？
F.
Just
as
importantly,
we
tend
to
associate
air
with
health
care.?
同样重要的是，我们倾向于将空气与医疗保健联系起来。
G.
All
across
the
country,
recovery
centers
have
begun
building
Healing
Gardens.
全国各地的康复中心都开始建造康复花园。
（1）段中句，看前后。根据后一句the
answer
is
a
big
YES可知此处是一般疑问句，故答案为E。
（2）段首句，看下文。根据后一句If
the
air
you're
breathing
is
clean-which
it
would
be
if
you're
away
from
the
smog
of
cities-then
the
air
is
filled
with
life-giving，energizing
oxygen可知干净的空气富含提神的氧气，这是在解释新鲜空气能清洁我们的肺的原因。故答案为A。
（3）段中句，看前后。根据前文的the
connection
between
the
natural
world
and
healing和下文的these
places…near
nature
during
their
recovery可知此处涉及康复中心这个关键词，故答案为G。
（4）段中句。前文中的tree
branches与nature对应，后一句It
gives
us
a
great
feeling
of
peace，指在自然中的好处，故答案为C。
（5）段首句，看下文。根据后一句中的the
sun's
rays可知本段涉及太阳光。故答案为D。
【点评】本题考查对文章的逻辑关系的把握，答题时紧扣上下文的关键词寻找关联信息。
五、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
16.（2019?
全国Ⅰ）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
???
Every
year
about
40,000
people
attempt
to
climb
Kilimanjaro,
the
highest
mountain
in
Africa.
They
1
?with
them
lots
of
waste.
The
2
?might
damage
the
beauty
of
the
place.
The
glaciers(冰川)are
disappearing,
changing
the
3
?of
Kilimanjaro.
???
Hearing
these
stories,
I'm
4
?about
the
place
—
other
destinations
are
described
as
"purer"
natural
experiences.
???
However,
I
soon
5
?that
much
has
changed
since
the
days
of
disturbing
reports
of
6
?among
tons
of
rubbish.
I
find
a
7
?mountain,
with
toilets
at
camps
and
along
the
paths.
The
environmental
challenges
are
8
?but
the
efforts
made
by
the
Tanzania
National
Park
Authority
seem
to
be
9
.
???
The
best
of
a
Kilimanjaro
10
,
in
my
opinion,
isn't
reaching
the
top.
Mountains
are
11
?as
spiritual
places
by
many
cultures.
This
12
?is
especially
evident
on
Kilimanjaro
as
13
?go
through
five
ecosystems(生态系统)in
the
space
of
a
few
kilometers.
At
the
base
is
a
rainforest.
It
ends
abruptly
at
3,
000
meters,
14
?lands
of
low
growing
plants.
Further
up,
the
weather
15
?—
low
clouds
envelope
the
mountainsides,
which
are
covered
with
thick
grass.
I
16
?twelve
shades
of
green
from
where
I
stand.
Above
4,
000
meters
is
the
highland
17
:
gravel(砾石),
stones
and
rocks.
18
?you
climb
into
an
arctic-like
zone
with
19
?snow
and
the
glaciers
that
may
soon
disappear.
???
Does
Kilimanjaro
20
?its
reputation
as
a
crowded
mountain
with
lines
of
tourists
ruining
the
atmosphere
of
peace？I
found
the
opposite
to
be
true.
1.
A.
keep
B.
mix
C.
connect
D.
bring
2.
A.
stories
B.
buildings
C.
crowds
D.
reporters
3.
A.
position
B.
age
C.
face
D.
name
4.
A.
silent
B.
skeptical
C.
serious
D.
crazy
5.
A.
discover
B.
argue
C.
decide
D.
advocate
6.
A.
equipment
B.
grass
C.
camps
D.
stones
7.
A.
remote
B.
quiet
C.
all
D.
clean
8.
A.
new
B.
special
C.
significant
D.
necessary
9.
A.
paying
off
B.
spreading
out
C.
blowing
up
D.
fading
away
10.
A.
atmosphere
B.
experience
C.
experiment
D.
sight
11.
A.
studied
B.
observed
C.
explored
D.
regarded
12.
A.
view
B.
quality
C.
reason
D.
purpose
13.
A.
scientists
B.
climbers
C.
locals
D.
officials
14.
A.
holding
on
to
B.
going
back
to
C.
living
up
to
D.
giving
way
to
15.
A.
changes
B.
clears
C.
improves
D.
permits
16.
A.
match
B.
imagine
C.
count
D.
add
17.
A.
village
B.
desert
C.
road
D.
lake
18.
A.
Obviously
B.
Easily
C.
Consequently
D.
Finally
19.
A.
permanent
B.
little
C.
fresh
D.
artificial
20.
A.
enjoy
B.
deserve
C.
save
D.
acquire
【答案】
（1）D；（2）C；（3）C；（4）B；（5）A；（6）C；（7）D；（8）C；（9）A；（10）B；（11）D；（12）A；（13）B；（14）D；（15）A；（16）C；（17）B；（18）D；（19）A；（20）B；
【考点】夹叙夹议，社会现象类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。每年有大约4万人去攀登乞力马扎罗山，他们带来了大量垃圾，破坏了环境，甚至导致冰川消失。作者抱着怀疑的态度去攀登此山，却发现与报道的大不一样。
（1）考查动词辨析。A.
keep保持；B.
mix混合；C.
connect联系；D.
bring带来；
根据句意：人们尝试登山，带来了大量的垃圾。故答案为D。
（2）考查名词辨析。A.stories故事；B.
buildings
建筑；C.
crowds人群；D.
reporters记者。此处指前文提到的about
40,000
people，担心他们会破坏这里的美景，故答案为C。
（3）考查名词辨析。A.
position位置；B.
age年龄；C.
face
脸；外观；D.
name名字。因为冰川在消失，所以会改变乞力马扎罗山的外观，故答案为C。
（4）考查形容词辨析。A.
silent??
沉默的；B.
skeptical怀疑的；C.
serious严肃的；D.
crazy疯狂的；听到这些故事，作者感到不信。因为在下文中作者的所见与报道的完全不一样。故答案为B。
（5）考查动词辨析。A.
discover发现；B.
argue争论；
C.
decide决定；D.
advocate提倡；下文中much
has
changed是作者在沿途所看见的，故答案为A。
（6）考查名词辨析。A.
equipment设备；B.
grass草；C.
camps营地；D.
stones石头。上文中提到登山者带来的大量垃圾，在垃圾堆中的当然是登山者的营房，故答案为C。
（7）考查形容词辨析。A.
remote遥远的；B.
quiet安静的；C.
all所有的；D.
clean干净的。此处与前文的change呼应，根据下文的with
toilets
at
camps
and
along
the
paths可知这里的环境是“干净的”，故答案为D。
（8）考查形容词辨析。A.
new新的；B.
special特别的；C.
significant重大的；D.
necessary必要的。环境挑战是“重大的”，但是坦桑尼亚国家公园的管理者做出的努力也是有了回报。故答案为C。
（9）考查动词短语辨析。A.
paying
off得到回报；B.
spreading
out传播出去；C.
blowing
up爆炸；D.
fading
away逐渐消失。坦桑尼亚国家公园的管理者做出的努力好像有了回报，故答案为A。
（10）考查名词辨析。A.
atmosphere气氛；B.
experience经历；C.
experiment实验；D.
sight风景；本句的isn't
reaching
the
top指的是“体验；经历”，故答案为B。
（11）考查动词辨析。A.
studied学习；B.
observed观察；C.
explored探索；D.
regarded看作。在很多文化中，山被看作是神圣的地方。be
regarded
as被看作，故答案为D。
（12）考查名词辨析。A.
view风景；B.
quality质量；C.
reason原因；D.
purpose目的；在乞力马扎罗山上，这种风景特别明显，因为一个人可以在几公里的空间经历五种生态系统。故答案为A。
（13）考查名词辨析。A.
scientists科学家；B.
climbers登山者；C.
locals本地人；D.
officials官员。在山上经历多种生态系统的当然是“登山者”，故答案为B。
（14）考查动词短语辨析。A.
holding
on
to坚持；B.
going
back
to回到；C.
living
up
to不辜负；D.
giving
way
to为…让路。此处描述由雨林到低矮的灌木的变化，故答案为D。
（15）考查动词辨析。A.
changes变化；B.
clears清除；C.
improves提高；改善；D.
permits允许。此处描述天气的变化，故答案为A。
（16）考查动词辨析。A.
match匹配；B.
imagine想象；C.
count数；D.
add加。本句中的twelve
shades
of
green是“数”出来的，故答案为C。
（17）考查名词辨析。A.
village村庄；B.
desert沙漠；C.
road公路；D.
lake湖。冒号后的gravel（砾石）,
stones
and
rocks是“沙漠”的地表特征，故答案为B。
（18）考查形容词辨析。A.
Obviously明显的；B.
Easily容易地；C.
Consequently结果；D.
Finally最后。arctic-like
zone是五种生态系统中的最后一种，故答案为D。
（19）考查形容词辨析。A.
permanent永久的；B.
little小的；C.
fresh新鲜的；D.
artificial人造的；根据常识，山顶上的now
and
the
glaciers是一直存在的。故答案为A。
（20）考查动词辨析。句意：乞力马扎罗山上游人如织，破坏了它的宁静的氛围是名不虚传吗？我看恰恰相反。A.
enjoy喜欢；B.
deserve值得；C.
save救；D.
acquire获得。deserve
one's
reputation名不虚传。故答案为B。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
六、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
17.（2019?
全国Ⅰ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
???
The
polar
bear
is
found
in
the
Arctic
Circle
and
some
big
land
masses
as
far
south
as
Newfoundland.
While
they
are
rare
north
of
88°,
there
is
evidence
________?they
range
all
the
way
across
the
Arctic,
and
as
far
south
as
James
Bay
in
Canada.
It
is
difficult
to
figure
out
a
global
population
of
polar
bears
as
much
of
the
range
has
been?
________?(poor)
studied;
however,
biologists
calculate
that
there
are
about
20,000-25,000
polar
bears
worldwide.
???
Modem
methods
________?tracking
polar
bear
populations
have
been
employed
only
since
the
mid-1980s,
and
are
expensive
________?(perform)
consistently
over
a
large
area.
In
recent
years
some
Inuit
people
in
Nunayut
________?(report)
increases
in
bear
sightings
around
human
settlements,
leading
to
a
________?(believe)
that
populations
are
increasing.
Scientists
have
responded
by
________?(note)
that
hungry
bears
may
be
congregating(聚集)
around
human
settlements,
leading
to
the
illusion(错觉)
that
populations
are
________?(high)
than
they
actually
are.
Of
________??nineteen
recognized
polar
bear
subpopulations,
three
are
declining,
six
________?(be)
stable,
one
is
increasing,
and
nine
lack
enough
data.
【答案】
that；poorly；of/for；to
perform；have
reported；belief；noting；higher；the；are
【考点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍北极熊的分布和数量等相关信息。
（1）考查名词性从句。这是同位语从句，解释evidence（证据），故答案为that。
（2）考查形容词转换副词。此处修饰studied，故用副词，故答案为poorly。
（3）考查介词的搭配。由空格后的动名词可知此处需要介词，指追踪北极熊数量的方法，故答案为of或for。
（4）考查非谓语动词。主+系+形容词+to
do……。此处句意为：追踪北极熊数量的方法在很大范围内一直进行的话是很昂贵的。故答案为to
perform。
（5）考查动词的时态。In
recent
years是现在完成时的标志，故答案为have
reported。
（6）考查词性转换。
由a可知此处用believe的名词，故答案为belief。
（7）考查非谓语动词。
by+v-ing
表示“通过……”，故答案为noting。
（8）考查形容词的比较级。由than可知此处用比较级，故答案为higher。
（9）考查冠词的用法。句意：在19个公认的北极熊亚种中……。此处表示特指
，故用定冠词the。
（10）此处考查谓语。根据前一句three
are
declining可知此处用一般现在时，故答案为are。
【点评】考查语法填空。做题要求：一是在空格处填入适当的词；二是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。纯空格题一般要填冠词、介词、连词、代词等，如果是冠词，则空后需跟名词。而有提示词的需要根据语境，分析句子结构，判断所填词的词性，再确定所填词的形式。
七、短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
18.（2019?
全国Ⅰ）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：⒈每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
⒉只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
???
I
became
interesting
in
playing
football
thanks
to
a
small
accident.
One
afternoon
where
I
was
in
primary
school,
I
was
walking
by
the
school
playground.
Suddenly
football
feel
just
in
front
of
me
but
almost
hit
me.
I
stopped
the
ball
and
kicked
it
hardly
back
to
the
playground.
To
everyone's
surprising,
the
ball
went
into
the
net.
All
the
football
player
on
the
playground
cheered
loudly,
say
that
I
had
a
talent
for
football.
From
now
on,
I
started
to
play
my
football
with
classmates
after
school.
I
am
a
good
player
now.
【答案】
???
I
became
?in
playing
football
thanks
to
a
small
accident.
One
afternoon
?I
was
in
primary
school,
I
was
walking
by
the
school
playground.
Suddenly
?football
fell
just
in
front
of
me
?almost
hit
me.
I
stopped
the
ball
and
kicked
it
?back
to
the
playground.
To
everyone's
,
the
ball
went
into
the
net.
All
the
football
?on
the
playground
cheered
loudly,
?that
I
had
a
talent
for
football.
From
?on,
I
started
to
play
?football
with
classmates
after
school.
I
am
a
good
player
now.
【考点】短文改错
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者爱上足球的经过。
①考查形容词词义。be/become
interested
in对……感兴趣；interesting有趣的。故将interesting改为interested。
②考查定语从句的关系词。先行词one
afternoon是时间，用when引导从句。故将where改为when。
③考查冠词的基本用法。football一般情况不加冠词，但是此处指一个足球，所以需要用a，故答案为在football前加a.
④考查连词的用法。fell与hit表示并列关系，所以此处用and不用but。
⑤考查副词辨析。hardly意思是“几乎不”，此处意思是“使劲踢”，故将hardly改为hard。
⑥考查词性辨析。to
one's+名词，使某人……的是。surprise是名词，而surprising是形容词，故将surprising改为surprise。
⑦考查名词的复数。由all可知此处指所有的球员，所以用复数。故将player改为players。
⑧考查非谓语动词的用法。本句中cheered是谓语，say应用现在分词，做伴随状语，故将say改为saying。
⑨考查时间状语。本文讲述故事，所以指过去某个时间，故将now改为then。
⑩考查固定搭配。play
football是固定搭配，不需要用限定词，故去掉my。
【点评】本题考查了形容词副词、冠词、代词、连词、名词的单复数、非谓语、时态等知识点。涉及语法较为全面，题目整体不难。
八、书面表达（满分25分）
19.（2019?
全国Ⅰ）假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要剧版中国画展。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：
⒈写信目的：
⒉个人优势：
⒊能做的事情。
注意：
⒈词数100左右；
⒉可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
⒊结束语已为你写好。
【考点】文字式应用文
【解析】【分析】应用文写作。本文要求以李华的身份写一封求职信，参加伦敦当地美术馆中国画展的志愿者。写作前注意审题，弄清体裁，然后列出具体要点：1、问候语以及写信的目的；2、个人优势；3、能做的事情。4、表达期待。5、结束语。写作时注意要点全面、字迹工整、卷面整洁。本文多用一般现在时和一般将来时。注意使用多样的语法结构和高级的词汇。
【点评】考查书信的写作。写此类文章注意开头要开门见山，直奔主题。表达要点是注意长短句的合理搭配，尽量使用非谓语、被动语态、倒装、定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句。注意句子与句子之间的连贯。
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