外研版高中英语选 修8Module 1Deep South grammar课件（共47张）
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| 名称 | 外研版高中英语选 修8Module 1Deep South grammar课件（共47张） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2019-06-12 08:29:36 | ||
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课件47张PPT。外研版
高二年级(选修8)
Module 1Grammar
(1) (2)Grammar (1)Review of subjectsLook at the sentences and underline the subject in these sentences.1. 98% of the surface is permanently covered in the ice cap.
2. Covering about 14 million square kilometres around the South Pole, it is the fifth largest continent in the world.3. A high mountain range, the Trans-Antarctic range, runs from east to west, cutting the continent in two.
4. It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable place.
5. Antarctica is full of wildlife, which has adapted to its extreme conditions.6. Only two types of flowering plants are found.
7. There are different types of penguins, flying birds, seals, and whales.
8. Protecting Antarctica from nuclear tests and radioactive waste is very important to this continent.9. What the treaty aims to do is to prevent the commercial and military use of the continent.1. 主语的定义: 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体。主语一般位于句首, 但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中, 主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
2. 主语的表现形式：
1)名词 2)代词 3)数词 4)不定式 5)动名词 6)名词化的形容词 7)主语从句
8)作形式主语3. 主谓一致
主谓一致是指：
1) 语法形式上要一致, 即主语为单数形式, 谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式, 谓语动词用复数形式
2) 意义上要一致, 即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
(1)主语形式虽为单数, 但意义为复数, 谓语动词用复数。单数形式表示复数意义的词有people, police, audience等。
(2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数或不
可数, 谓语动词用单数。形复意单(不
可数)的词有: news, maths, physics等。
3) 就近原则, 即谓语动词的单复形式取决
于最靠近它的词语, 如there be句型或用
连词either...or..., neither...nor...,not
only...but also等。 要注意的几个问题:(1) class, family, team, country, school等集合名词作主语时, 如果指整体, 用单数; 如果指每个成员, 用复数。
(2) trousers, shoes, glasses, socks, stockings, scissors单独作主语时, 谓语动词用复数, 但当它们与a pair of或pairs of连用时, 谓语动词与pair的数保持一致。(3)名词性物主代词后的动词单复数, 取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。
(4)当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as等引导的词组时, 其谓语动词的单、复数按主语单、复数而定。
(5) the + adj.表示一类人, 作主语时, 谓 语动词用复数。(6) and连接并列主语、谓语动词通常用复数，但如果指同个人, 同一事物或同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 这时and后面的名词无冠词。
(7) Every A and every B/Each A and each B/No A and no B作主语时, 谓 语动词用单数, 其中A、B代表单数名词。(8) The number of+..., 谓语动词用单数。A number of+..., 谓语动词用复数, 相当于a lot of。
(9) 在主谓倒装的句子中, 谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
(10) 表示数量的one and a half后, 名词要
用复数形式, 但是其短语作主语时, 谓
语动词用单数形式。(11) 几分之几/half of/part of/the rest of+n./pron.作主语, 谓语动词由后面的n./pron.决定。而one of+n./pron.作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
(12) 名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情 况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等, 作主语时, 动词一般用单数。
(13) 表示“一段时间”“一段距离”“一些钱”的名词作主语时, 谓语动词一般用单数。 (14) 关系代词who, that, which在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数与先行词一致。
(15) 疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词根据说话人所表达的意思决定单复数。练习1. Each of you ______ responsible for
the accident.
a. am b. be c. is d. are
2. Each man and woman ______ the
same rights.
a. has b. have c. had d. is having
3. Every means ______ tried but without
much result.
a. has been b. have been c. are d. is4. There ______ in this room.
a. are too much furniture
b. is too many furnitures
c. are too much furnitures
d. is too much furniture
5. The manager or his assistant ______
planning to go.
a. were b. are c. was d. be
6. Not only I but also David and Iris ____
fond of playing basketball.
a. am b. is c. are d. was7. “______ twenty dollars a big sum to
her?”
“I suppose so.”
a. Will be b. Is c. Are d. Were
8. One or perhaps more pages _______.
a. is missing b. has been missed
c. are missing d. was missing9. The committee ______ over the
problem among themselves for two
hours.
a. has argued b. has been arguing
c. have argued d. have been arguing
10. The public ______ generous in their
contributions to the earthquake
victims.
a. is b. was c. are d. has been11. What caused the accident ___ on the road.
a. were stone b. were stones
c. was stone d. was stones
12. Interest, as well as prospects, ______
important when one looks for a job.
a. are b. were c. is d. was
13. A number of cars ___ in front of the park.
a. is parked b. was parked
c. are parked d. has parked14. The number of articles published on
smoking ______ amazing.
a. is b. are c. were d. have been
15. Four-fifths of the crop ______.
a. are ruined b. was ruined
c. were ruined d. have been ruined
16. The young ______ the vital forces in
our society.
a. is b. has been c. are d. have been17. Getting to other planets or to the moon
_____ many problems.
a. involve b. involves
c. involving d. to involve Grammar (2) Review of verbsUnderline the verb structures in these sentences.1) The Endurance became trapped, and Shackleton and his men watched it sink into the icy sea.2) He and five men would take one of the lifeboats, and sail 800 miles to South Georgia, where there was a permanent camp.
3) He had to walk 36 hours over mountains to reach the camp.4) The whale hunters at the camp couldn’t believe their eyes when they saw the six men walking down from the mountains.
5) He returned to Elephant Island to rescue the crew he had been forced to abandon.Write the verb structures you underlined into the correct place in the table.rescue/see/watch/take/ reach/believe/abandon/forcebecome/ sail/ walk/ returnhad to /couldn’t /wouldwashadto rescue/to reach/to abandonwalkingreturned/saw/sail(become) trapped/
(had been) forced1. 谓语的定义: 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句作谓语, 一般放在主语之后。
2. 谓语的构成：
(1)简单谓语: 由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：
He practices running every morning. Yesterday afternoon he reached Guilin.
She takes good care of her sick mother.2. 复合谓语
由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：
You may keep the book for two weeks.
You’d better not take the magazine out of the reading-room.
He has caught a bad cold. He has to go to see a doctor.
She doesn’t seem to like dancing.
We are going to call on him tonight.由系动词加表语构成。如：
We are students.
He looked a bit excited.动词是历年高考热点，也是高三英语复习备考重难点。下文对近三年高考题进行盘点，拟总结规律，剖析难点，指出应试策略，指导考生轻松过关。热点一: 动词词义辨析
[热点透视]考查考生在特定语境中恰当运用动词能力。
[难点剖析] 备选动词词义相近，用法相似。
[考题盘点]
If anybody calls, tell them I’m out, and ask them to ______their name and address.
A. pass B. write C. take D. leave据题意应选leave, 表“留下”。其余动词不合题意，故选D。
[备考策略] ①结合语境，从区别词义着手；其次从用法上加以区别，如后跟to dodoing做宾语 ，还是跟双宾语，或者是复合宾语等。②加强对考纲内重要近义动词的复习。如：spend ,waste , take, kill；raise, keep, support, feed等。热点二：动词短语辨析
[热点透视] 考查考生在具体语境中运用动词短语能力。
[难点剖析] ①备选词组形近或义近，或二者兼备或同一动词不同搭配；
② 除涉及词义辨析外，还结合时态、语态对考生进行综合考查。[考题盘点]
1. News reports say peace talks between the two countries ____with no agreement reached.
A. have broken down B. have broken out C. have broken in D. have broken up
此题还涉及时态, 增加了试题难度。考查同一动词不同搭配, break up表打碎, 化合物分解, 大学放假等; break down 表 (机器等) 坏掉, (计划、谈判等) 失败, 物理分解等; 故选A。热点三：动词时态
[热点透视] 进行时、过去时和完成时是考试热点。
[难点剖析] ①备选答案涉及不同时态的辨析, 主要是：一般现在时和一般过去时、一般将来时和过去进行时、一般现在时和完成时、现在完成时和现在完成进行时; ②结合时态、语态对考生进行综合考查。 [考题盘点]
1. All morning as she waited for the
medical report from the doctor, her nervousness____.
A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown
据as可知主从句时态应保持一致, 故选C。热点四：动词语态
语态是动词的一种形式，它用来表示句中主语同谓语动词之间的关系。英语有两种语态， 主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。[考题盘点]
All the employees except the
manager _____to work online at home.
A. encourages B. encourage
C. is encouraged D. are encouraged
据题意应用被动语态，故选D。热点五：动词语气
[热点透视] 祈使句结构(结构中连词、陈述句的时态和直接以动词开头构成的祈使句与非谓语动词的区别是热点。)
[难点剖析] ①祈使句(动词或动词短语)+and/or +谓语, 用将来时或情态动词的陈述句; ②否定结构的构成：直接在祈使句前加Don’t/Never；③反意疑问句的构成：以let’s…构成的
反意疑问句，用shall we提问；其余
情况用will won’t you 提问。[考题盘点]
—Sorry, Joe. I didn’t mean to …
—Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr. Parker,
and _____ forget it!
A. do B. didn’t C. did D. don’t
此题考查祈使句否定结构的构成, 同时涉及时态。句末感叹号很重要, 据题意选D。热点六：情态动词
[热点透视] 情态动词表推测的用法；情态动词的完成时。
[难点剖析] must/can’t/shouldn’t/needn’t/ought to/etc.+ have done 的意义及用法；shall 用于二、三人称表允诺，命令，警告，强制等；must, can, may表推测用法见下表。单词用法
must用于肯定句中, 肯定语气最强。must not表“禁止”。
can不用于肯定句中, 肯定语气次之。若用于肯定句中, 表偶尔一时的特征。can’t表“不可能”。
may用于肯定句中, 肯定语气最弱。may not表“可能不”。 [考题盘点]
1. A left-luggage office is a place where bags ___be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.
A. should B. can C. must D. will
此题考查can表可以、能够的用法, 故选B。Write new sentences about yourself. Use the structures of subjects and verbs that you learned in exercises.Homework
高二年级(选修8)
Module 1Grammar
(1) (2)Grammar (1)Review of subjectsLook at the sentences and underline the subject in these sentences.1. 98% of the surface is permanently covered in the ice cap.
2. Covering about 14 million square kilometres around the South Pole, it is the fifth largest continent in the world.3. A high mountain range, the Trans-Antarctic range, runs from east to west, cutting the continent in two.
4. It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable place.
5. Antarctica is full of wildlife, which has adapted to its extreme conditions.6. Only two types of flowering plants are found.
7. There are different types of penguins, flying birds, seals, and whales.
8. Protecting Antarctica from nuclear tests and radioactive waste is very important to this continent.9. What the treaty aims to do is to prevent the commercial and military use of the continent.1. 主语的定义: 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体。主语一般位于句首, 但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中, 主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
2. 主语的表现形式：
1)名词 2)代词 3)数词 4)不定式 5)动名词 6)名词化的形容词 7)主语从句
8)作形式主语3. 主谓一致
主谓一致是指：
1) 语法形式上要一致, 即主语为单数形式, 谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式, 谓语动词用复数形式
2) 意义上要一致, 即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
(1)主语形式虽为单数, 但意义为复数, 谓语动词用复数。单数形式表示复数意义的词有people, police, audience等。
(2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数或不
可数, 谓语动词用单数。形复意单(不
可数)的词有: news, maths, physics等。
3) 就近原则, 即谓语动词的单复形式取决
于最靠近它的词语, 如there be句型或用
连词either...or..., neither...nor...,not
only...but also等。 要注意的几个问题:(1) class, family, team, country, school等集合名词作主语时, 如果指整体, 用单数; 如果指每个成员, 用复数。
(2) trousers, shoes, glasses, socks, stockings, scissors单独作主语时, 谓语动词用复数, 但当它们与a pair of或pairs of连用时, 谓语动词与pair的数保持一致。(3)名词性物主代词后的动词单复数, 取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。
(4)当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as等引导的词组时, 其谓语动词的单、复数按主语单、复数而定。
(5) the + adj.表示一类人, 作主语时, 谓 语动词用复数。(6) and连接并列主语、谓语动词通常用复数，但如果指同个人, 同一事物或同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 这时and后面的名词无冠词。
(7) Every A and every B/Each A and each B/No A and no B作主语时, 谓 语动词用单数, 其中A、B代表单数名词。(8) The number of+..., 谓语动词用单数。A number of+..., 谓语动词用复数, 相当于a lot of。
(9) 在主谓倒装的句子中, 谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
(10) 表示数量的one and a half后, 名词要
用复数形式, 但是其短语作主语时, 谓
语动词用单数形式。(11) 几分之几/half of/part of/the rest of+n./pron.作主语, 谓语动词由后面的n./pron.决定。而one of+n./pron.作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
(12) 名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情 况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等, 作主语时, 动词一般用单数。
(13) 表示“一段时间”“一段距离”“一些钱”的名词作主语时, 谓语动词一般用单数。 (14) 关系代词who, that, which在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数与先行词一致。
(15) 疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词根据说话人所表达的意思决定单复数。练习1. Each of you ______ responsible for
the accident.
a. am b. be c. is d. are
2. Each man and woman ______ the
same rights.
a. has b. have c. had d. is having
3. Every means ______ tried but without
much result.
a. has been b. have been c. are d. is4. There ______ in this room.
a. are too much furniture
b. is too many furnitures
c. are too much furnitures
d. is too much furniture
5. The manager or his assistant ______
planning to go.
a. were b. are c. was d. be
6. Not only I but also David and Iris ____
fond of playing basketball.
a. am b. is c. are d. was7. “______ twenty dollars a big sum to
her?”
“I suppose so.”
a. Will be b. Is c. Are d. Were
8. One or perhaps more pages _______.
a. is missing b. has been missed
c. are missing d. was missing9. The committee ______ over the
problem among themselves for two
hours.
a. has argued b. has been arguing
c. have argued d. have been arguing
10. The public ______ generous in their
contributions to the earthquake
victims.
a. is b. was c. are d. has been11. What caused the accident ___ on the road.
a. were stone b. were stones
c. was stone d. was stones
12. Interest, as well as prospects, ______
important when one looks for a job.
a. are b. were c. is d. was
13. A number of cars ___ in front of the park.
a. is parked b. was parked
c. are parked d. has parked14. The number of articles published on
smoking ______ amazing.
a. is b. are c. were d. have been
15. Four-fifths of the crop ______.
a. are ruined b. was ruined
c. were ruined d. have been ruined
16. The young ______ the vital forces in
our society.
a. is b. has been c. are d. have been17. Getting to other planets or to the moon
_____ many problems.
a. involve b. involves
c. involving d. to involve Grammar (2) Review of verbsUnderline the verb structures in these sentences.1) The Endurance became trapped, and Shackleton and his men watched it sink into the icy sea.2) He and five men would take one of the lifeboats, and sail 800 miles to South Georgia, where there was a permanent camp.
3) He had to walk 36 hours over mountains to reach the camp.4) The whale hunters at the camp couldn’t believe their eyes when they saw the six men walking down from the mountains.
5) He returned to Elephant Island to rescue the crew he had been forced to abandon.Write the verb structures you underlined into the correct place in the table.rescue/see/watch/take/ reach/believe/abandon/forcebecome/ sail/ walk/ returnhad to /couldn’t /wouldwashadto rescue/to reach/to abandonwalkingreturned/saw/sail(become) trapped/
(had been) forced1. 谓语的定义: 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句作谓语, 一般放在主语之后。
2. 谓语的构成：
(1)简单谓语: 由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：
He practices running every morning. Yesterday afternoon he reached Guilin.
She takes good care of her sick mother.2. 复合谓语
由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：
You may keep the book for two weeks.
You’d better not take the magazine out of the reading-room.
He has caught a bad cold. He has to go to see a doctor.
She doesn’t seem to like dancing.
We are going to call on him tonight.由系动词加表语构成。如：
We are students.
He looked a bit excited.动词是历年高考热点，也是高三英语复习备考重难点。下文对近三年高考题进行盘点，拟总结规律，剖析难点，指出应试策略，指导考生轻松过关。热点一: 动词词义辨析
[热点透视]考查考生在特定语境中恰当运用动词能力。
[难点剖析] 备选动词词义相近，用法相似。
[考题盘点]
If anybody calls, tell them I’m out, and ask them to ______their name and address.
A. pass B. write C. take D. leave据题意应选leave, 表“留下”。其余动词不合题意，故选D。
[备考策略] ①结合语境，从区别词义着手；其次从用法上加以区别，如后跟to dodoing做宾语 ，还是跟双宾语，或者是复合宾语等。②加强对考纲内重要近义动词的复习。如：spend ,waste , take, kill；raise, keep, support, feed等。热点二：动词短语辨析
[热点透视] 考查考生在具体语境中运用动词短语能力。
[难点剖析] ①备选词组形近或义近，或二者兼备或同一动词不同搭配；
② 除涉及词义辨析外，还结合时态、语态对考生进行综合考查。[考题盘点]
1. News reports say peace talks between the two countries ____with no agreement reached.
A. have broken down B. have broken out C. have broken in D. have broken up
此题还涉及时态, 增加了试题难度。考查同一动词不同搭配, break up表打碎, 化合物分解, 大学放假等; break down 表 (机器等) 坏掉, (计划、谈判等) 失败, 物理分解等; 故选A。热点三：动词时态
[热点透视] 进行时、过去时和完成时是考试热点。
[难点剖析] ①备选答案涉及不同时态的辨析, 主要是：一般现在时和一般过去时、一般将来时和过去进行时、一般现在时和完成时、现在完成时和现在完成进行时; ②结合时态、语态对考生进行综合考查。 [考题盘点]
1. All morning as she waited for the
medical report from the doctor, her nervousness____.
A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown
据as可知主从句时态应保持一致, 故选C。热点四：动词语态
语态是动词的一种形式，它用来表示句中主语同谓语动词之间的关系。英语有两种语态， 主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。[考题盘点]
All the employees except the
manager _____to work online at home.
A. encourages B. encourage
C. is encouraged D. are encouraged
据题意应用被动语态，故选D。热点五：动词语气
[热点透视] 祈使句结构(结构中连词、陈述句的时态和直接以动词开头构成的祈使句与非谓语动词的区别是热点。)
[难点剖析] ①祈使句(动词或动词短语)+and/or +谓语, 用将来时或情态动词的陈述句; ②否定结构的构成：直接在祈使句前加Don’t/Never；③反意疑问句的构成：以let’s…构成的
反意疑问句，用shall we提问；其余
情况用will won’t you 提问。[考题盘点]
—Sorry, Joe. I didn’t mean to …
—Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr. Parker,
and _____ forget it!
A. do B. didn’t C. did D. don’t
此题考查祈使句否定结构的构成, 同时涉及时态。句末感叹号很重要, 据题意选D。热点六：情态动词
[热点透视] 情态动词表推测的用法；情态动词的完成时。
[难点剖析] must/can’t/shouldn’t/needn’t/ought to/etc.+ have done 的意义及用法；shall 用于二、三人称表允诺，命令，警告，强制等；must, can, may表推测用法见下表。单词用法
must用于肯定句中, 肯定语气最强。must not表“禁止”。
can不用于肯定句中, 肯定语气次之。若用于肯定句中, 表偶尔一时的特征。can’t表“不可能”。
may用于肯定句中, 肯定语气最弱。may not表“可能不”。 [考题盘点]
1. A left-luggage office is a place where bags ___be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.
A. should B. can C. must D. will
此题考查can表可以、能够的用法, 故选B。Write new sentences about yourself. Use the structures of subjects and verbs that you learned in exercises.Homework