高考必备语法
定语从句( 一)
这是我看过的最好的连续剧。
This is the best TV series that I have ever seen.
定语从句
什么是定语从句？
1.A lovely girl
2.She is a girl who is singing.
定义:在复合句中作定语的句子叫做定语从句( Attributive Clause)。
形容词做定语
句子做定语
Let’s see a flash
This is the best TV series that I have ever seen.
3主句
4从句
1.先行词
2.关系词
构成定语从句的要素：
一.定语从句的三步法
二·确定先行词的作用
一· 找准先行词
三·正确选择关系词
I like the book
that
I bought yesterday.
主句
从句
先行词
（名词、代词、句子）
关系词
(一）定语从句的先行词
先行词指的是被定语从句修饰的 · 。
一·先行词的概念
名词
代词
二·练一练
句子。
1.A dictionary is a book which gives meaning of word.
先行词
从句
2.There are still two other sharks which are fierce.
先行词
从句
3.who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English?
先行词
4.He was late again, which made my teacher
angry.
从句
从句
先行词
定语从句所缺句子成分
主语
宾语
表语
状语
定语
（二）确定先行词的作用
先行词在从句中的所起作用即是定语从句
所缺句子成分
瞻前·顾后
先行词
who/ whom/ which/ that/ whose/ when/ where/ why/as
成分
人，物，时间，
地点，原因……
主，宾，
定，状……
（三）关系词的选择
Ancient China was a country where there were a lot of new ideas.
二.关系代词及关系副词的具体用法
(一）关系代词的用法
关系代词做宾语是可省略
The company needs to hire a secretary?_______ can speak English and French.
公司须聘用一个会说英语和法语的秘书。
?The pop singer _____________________the fans wanted to see was very friendly.
粉丝们想见的通俗歌手态度很友好。
I live next door to a couple____________
children often make a lot of noise.
who
(whom/that/不填)
练一练
whose
解析 whose导定语从句，并在从向中作定语，相当于 the couple’s
（1）关系代词who指人，在从句中多作主语。
关系代词whom指人，在从句中作宾语，可以省略。
The girl ________________saw is called Mary.
我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。
The person to___________ you just talked is Mr.Depp.
1. who 和whom
如带介词则必须用whom 构成介词+whom的结构
who/(whom)/不填
whom
（2）宜用who 不用that的情况
先行词是one，ones和anyone时，宜用who.
先行词是those时，宜用who.
One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.
一个无所畏惧的人敢于说实话。
Anyone _____laughs last laughs best.
笑到最后的人是笑得最好的人。
The ones ____flatter me don’t please me.
那些奉承我的人并不能取悦我。
who
who
2.关系代词whose的用法
1.关系代词 whose指人或物，在从句中作定
语。指物相当于 the +n of which ，指人时相
当于the +n of whom.
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
救济人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。
=
Workers built shelters for survivors the homes of whom had been destroyed.
The tourist want to book a room whose window faces south.
We went to see our teacher ,_______husband
lost his leg in the earthquake.
=The tourist want to book a room the window of which faces south.
whose
关系代词 which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。
The shop?_______?sells all kinds of sports shoes has closed down.
那家出售各种运动鞋的商店已经关闭。
The book ____________he wrote in 1935 still sells well.
他在1935年写的那本书仍然很畅销。
?
3.关系代词which的用法
which
Which/不填
关系代词that指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。
Is she the girl _________sells newspapers?地是卖报纸的那个女孩吗?
They planted some trees _________didn’t need much water.
他们种了一些不需要太多水的树。
4.关系代词that的用法
that/ who
that/ which
(1)当先行词为不定代词 anything，something， everything，nothing,all，much，little等时，
All that glitters is not gold.闪闪发光物，末必尽黄全。
We haven’t got much____ _ we can offer you.
All_______ you need is to work hard.
5.在限定定语从句中只用that不用which的情况
that
that
(2)当先行词由形容词最高级、序数词 修饰时，
This is the best way that has been used against pollution.
这是用来防止污染最好的办法。
The best?_________I could do was to apologize.
我唯一能做的就是赔礼道歉了。
It is the first fiction film _____ I have ever seen.
that?
that?
(3)当先行词有the only， the very，the last, little, all， every，any, few, no等修饰时，
Australia is the only country that is also a continent.
澳大利亚是一一个既是国家又是洲的国家
This is the very room _______I slept in that evening.
The only thing ________we can do is to give you some money.
that
that
(4)当先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词多用that.
They talked of the things and persons that they remembered in school.
他们谈到了记忆中的学校里的人.
The bike and its rider ________had run over an old man were taken to the police station.
that
关系副词的用法
关系副词的用法
先行词
成分 时间 地点 原因
时间状语 When=on /at /in which
地点状语 Where=on / in which
原因状语 Why=for which
Ancient China was a place ________________ states were ofen at war with each other.
古代中国是各诸侯国之间经常发生战争的地方。
I had reached a point in my career _________I needed to decide which way to go.
我的事业到了要我决定何去何从的阶段。
This is the reason________ he was late for school这就是他为什么上学迟到的原因。
where/in which
where
why
练一练
(1)关系副词 where在从句中作地点状语，定语从句修饰的是表示地点的名词.
The hotel where=at which we stayed was very clean.
When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house____________I would be staying。
1.关系副词where的用法
where
There are cases _______________the word “kid” is used as a verb.
There are many instances ______________he is humorous.
They entered a difficult situation _______________all efforts seem useless.
(2) where引导的定语从句还可以修饰表示抽象空间概念的名词case(情况)， situation(情形)， position(位置)， stage(阶段)， point(地步)等。
where (in which)
where (in which)
where (in which)
I’m at an age when don’t know what love is,
but your sweet smile still touches me.
小小的年纪还不懂什么是爱，却被你甜甜的笑给打败。
It was a time when philosophers could have positions in governments.
2.关系副词when的用法
正确选择关系代词 which/that或关系副词when/ where 的关键在于:
关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分。
当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，应该用关系代词;
关系词在从句中作状语时，应该用关系副词.
正确选择关系代词或关系副词
I returned to the city which/ that visited last year.我回到了去年游览的城市。
I returned to the city where I grew up.我回到了我成长的城市。
( which/that作主语)
( where作状语)
关系副词why在从句中作原因状语，定语从句修饰的是表示原因的名词 reason
The reason why I am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my e-mail.
我打电语给你是想问你是否收到了我的电子邮件。
This is the reason why he was late for school这就是他为什么上学迟到的原因。
3.关系副词why的用法
This is the reason why he was late for school.这就是他为什么上学迟到的原因。
=This is the reason for which he was late for school.
三.练一练
1.I rasied a seed _____ has grown fruit.
我种下一颗种子， 终于长出了果实。
变成蜡烛燃烧自己 ，只为照亮你
2. I changed myself into the candle and burnt myself __________was just to light for you.
which
which
单句语法填空
3. You ______ are my little apple are just like the most beautiful cloud in the sky.
你是我的小呀小苹果儿， 就像天边最美的云朵
红红的小脸儿温暖我的心窝，点亮我生命的火 火火火火
4. Your red face warms my heart , _____lights a fire for my life.
who
which
十年之后， 我们是朋友，还可以问候。
遥远的东方有一条江，它的名字就叫长江。
我知道, 我一直有双隐形的翅膀,带我飞, 给我希望。
In the distant East, there is a river who name
is Yangtse River.
I know I have a pair of invisible wings where can take me to fly and give me hope.
Ten years later, we are still friends when can still say hello to each other.
whose
which/that
who/that
单句改错
Homework
Finish the exercises on the book
谢谢
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