2019年高考英语真题分类汇编专题10：议论文类阅读理解(含答案解析)
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| 名称 | 2019年高考英语真题分类汇编专题10：议论文类阅读理解(含答案解析) |  | |
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2019年高考英语真题分类汇编专题10：议论文类阅读理解
一、阅读理解（共5题）
1.（2019?北京）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
??? The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don't know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams (欺诈).We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it's too little, too late. By the time these "solutions" (解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it's not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you're hearing is actually real.
??? That's because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation (处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use .At this year's I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human—sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
??? These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision A decade of data breaches (数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother's name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller's, ricking you into "confirming" your address, mother's name, and card number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.
??? We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like Face Time or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.
??? Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to harder from here on out.
（1）How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls?
A.?Panicked?????????????????????B.?Confused?????????????????????C.?Embarrassed?????????????????????D.?Disappointed
（2）taking advantage of the new technologies, scammer can ________.
A.?aim at victims precisely??????????????????????????????????? ?B.?damage databases easily C.?start campaigns rapidly?????????????????????????????????? ? D.?spread information widely
（3）What does the passage imply?
A.?Honesty is the best policy.??????????????????????????????? B.?Technologies can be double-edited. C.?There are more solutions than problems.???? ??D.?Credibility holds the key to development.
（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.?Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted B.?Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls C.?Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous D.?How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
2.（2019?江苏）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
??? Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?
??? It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people's opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.
??? The fascination with the ICT (Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector (制造业) with negative consequences for their economies.
??? Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the "digital divide" between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.
??? In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a "borderless world". As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.
??? Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.
（1）Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to ________.
A.?a lack of confidence in technology????????????????B.?a slow progress in technology C.?a conflict of public opinions???????????????????????????D.?a waste of limited resources
（2）The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should ________.
A.?take people's essential needs into account B.?make their programmes attractive to people C.?ensure that each child gets financial support D.?provide more affordable internet facilities
（3）What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations?
A.?Neglecting the impacts of technological advances. B.?Believing that the world has become borderless. C.?Ignoring the power of economic development. D.?Over-emphasizing the role of international communication.
（4）What can we learn from the passage?
A.?People should be encouraged to make more donations. B.?Traditional technology still has a place nowadays. C.?Making right career choices is crucial to personal success. D.?Economic policies should follow technological trends.
3.（2019?天津）阅读理解
??? Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book.
??? The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before？
??? We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
??? Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to lean, the opportunities are everywhere.
??? The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
??? With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（自我）, whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.
??? Many of us equate（视……等同于）"commitment" with such "caring" occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck, or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson.
（1）The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that_________.
A.?loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity B.?age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal C.?misery inspires a man to fight against his fate D.?disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success
（2）What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A.?End one's struggle for liberty.??????????????????????????B.?Waste one's energy taking risks. C.?Miss the opportunity to succeed.???????????????????D.?Lose the interest to continue learning.
（3）What could be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A.?Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped. B.?Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead. C.?Opportunity favors those with a curious mind. D.?Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.
（4）What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5?
A.?A tough man can tolerate suffering B.?A wise man can live without self-pity. C.?A man should try to satisfy people around him. D.?A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.
（5）What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A.?To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life. B.?To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work. C.?To state the importance of generating motivation for learning. D.?To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
4.（2019?全国Ⅲ）阅读理解
??? For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
??? "It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.
??? Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
??? "China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil.
??? For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways."
（1）What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?
A.?It promoted the sales of artworks.???????????????? ?B.?It attracted a large number of visitors. C.?It showed ancient Chinese clothes.??????????????? ??D.?It aimed to introduce Chinese models.
（2）What does Hill say about Chinese women?
A.?They are setting the fashion.??????????????????????????? B.?They start many fashion campaigns. C.?They admire super models.???????????????????????????? ?D.?They do business all over the world.
（3）What do the underlined words? "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?
A.?learning from??????????? B.?looking down on?????????? ?C.?working with???????????D.?competing against
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.?Young Models Selling Dreams to the World B.?A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York C.?Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics D.?Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
5.（2019? 全国Ⅰ）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
??? During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
??? Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables' plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
??? Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein's studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are "most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior."
??? In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). "We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."
??? Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
??? In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage," he said.
（1）What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?
A.?Unkind.?????????????????????????????B.?Lonely.?????????????????????????????C.?Generous.?????????????????????????????D.?Cool.
（2）What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A.?The classification of the popular.????????????????????B.?The characteristics of adolescents. C.?The importance of interpersonal skills.??????????D.?The causes of dishonorable behavior.
（3）What did Dr. Prinstein's study find about the most liked kids?
A.?They appeared to be aggressive.????????????????????B.?They tended to be more adaptable. C.?They enjoyed the highest status.????????????????????D.?They performed well academically.
（4）What is the best title for the text?
A.?Be Nice-You Won't Finish Last?????????????????????????B.?The Higher the Status, the Beer C.?Be the Best-You Can Make It???????????????????????????D.?More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
答案解析部分
一、阅读理解
1.【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）B （4）C
【考点】科普环保类，议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真，语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。 （1）推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it's too little, too late. By the time these “solutions” become widely available, scammers will have moved onto clever means”可知，我们通过支持和开发旨在防止欺诈者通过的工具、应用程序和方法，认识到了问题的严重性。不幸的是，我们的努力太少了，也太晚了。在这些“解决方案”被广泛使用的时候，骗子将转移到更巧妙的手段上。由此推知，作者认为这些“解决办法”对于解决问题起不了什么作用，因此作者感到很“失望”。故选D。 （2）细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother's name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller's, tricking you into "confirming" your address, mother's name, and card number”可知，机器人通话之所以令人头痛，与其说与数量有关，不如说与精确度有关。长达十年的个人信息泄露已经导致了这样一种情况：骗子可以轻易地知道你母亲的名字，甚至更多。有了这些知识，他们就能够开展有针对性的活动来欺骗人们。根据这些可知，利用这种新的技术，欺诈者们可以精确的确定他们行骗的目标。故选A。 （3）推理判断题。根据第二段中的“At this year's I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human—sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.”可知，这项语音技术可以产生一个听起来和人类非常相似的声音，它可以和接待员进行交谈，进行预订。由此可知，这项新技术有其好的方面。根据第三段的叙述可知，欺诈者们可以利用这项新技术来进行欺诈行为。由此推知，这项新技术既可以发挥好的作用，也可能为坏人所利用，产生不好的影响，因此可以说它是一把双刃剑。故选B。 （4）主旨大意题。第一段提到：robocalls（机器人电话: 自动拨号播放录音信息的推销电话）在未来变得会越来越严重，不仅仅是出现在你的手机屏幕上的电话号码令人怀疑，而且你会质疑听到的声音是否是真的。第二段介绍原因：语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。第三段介绍了语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。最后两段提出我们该如何应对这些问题。综上，文章第一段点明文章中心：机器人电话问题在未来会变得越来越严重。下文都是围绕这一话题展开的。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2.【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）B （4）B
【考点】推理判断题，细节理解题，社会现象类，议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了对信息技术的过分迷恋对国家，对个人，对慈善事业都会有不利的影响。 （1）细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However, they have reak impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources. ”可知，对信息技术的错误判断会导致有限资源的错误使用，也就是资源的浪费，故选D。 （2）推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.”可知，与其给那些贫困地区孩子笔记本电脑或者建网络中心，还不如给钱打井，铺电网或者生产他们买得起的洗衣机，这些东西更能改善他们的生活。作者不是说这些东西一定更重要，但是很多捐赠者没有仔细考虑捐赠的东西的长期成本，因此作者建议捐赠者要考虑接受捐赠的人的实际情况，而不是一味地追求信息化，故选A。 （3）推理判断题。根据第五段“In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a "borderless world". 以及Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.”可知，对新东西的迷恋让人们认为如今通讯技术和交通的变革让我们生活在一个无国界的世界。正是认为我们生活在这样一个世界，很多政府取消了关于跨国界的资本、劳动力以及商品流动的法律法规，故选B。 （4）推理判断题。根据第三段“The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业) with negative consequences for their economies.”可知，对互联网呈现的通讯技术变革的迷恋让很多富裕国家做出一个错误的结论，制造产品已经过时了，他们应该靠创意生活，因而忽略了制造业，从而对经济造成不利影响，故可知，传统的技术依然有它的地位，不能被新兴的信息技术取代，故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
3.【答案】 （1）B （2）D （3）C （4）D （5）A
【考点】人生百味类，议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。 （1）考查推理判断。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹圄，在53岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功，年龄也是如此，故选B。 （2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.”可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知run out of steam可知，停止学习，故选D。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“we lose the sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.”可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知，机会总是留给那些好奇心的人，故选C。 （4）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.”可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么去取悦别人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀，故可知，本段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选D。 （5）考查主旨大意。本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4.【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）D （4）D
【考点】社会现象类，议论文
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了中国文化及其丰富的文化，成为西方时尚设计师的灵感来源。中国年轻的设计师和模特最终在许多方面被认可，也将引领着世界时尚的潮流。 （1）细节理解题。将 New York 定位在第三段The?exhibition?had?record?attendance,?showing?that?there?is huge?interest?in?Chinese?influences.（此次展览吸引参观者人数创下了记录，显示出人们对中国影响的浓厚兴趣。）由此可知，纽约的展览吸引了许多参观者，故答案为B。 （2）细节理解题。将题干中的Hill定位在第四段Chinese?models?are?the?faces?of?beauty?and?fashion? campaigns?that?sell?dreams?to?women?all?over?the?world,?which?means?Chinese?women?are?not?just?consumers?of?fashion-they?are?central?to?its?movement?.?（中国模特是向全世界女性推销梦想的美和时尚活动的代言人，这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者——她们是这场运动的核心。）由此可知，Hill说中国女性开创了新时尚，故答案为A。 （3）词义猜测题。下文and?beating?them?hands?down?in?design?and?sales说并在设计和销售上击败他们。由此推断出上文Vera?Wang,?Alexander?Wang,?Jason?Wu?are?taking?on?Galliano,?Albaz,?Mare?Jacobs的意思是Vera?Wang、Alexander?Wang和Jason?Wu正在与Galliano、Albaz和?Mare?Jacobs竞争。taking?on意思是“竞争”，故答案为D。 （4）主旨大意题。根据文章第一段china?and?its?culture?have?long?been?an?inspiration?for?western?creations.以及最后一段If?you?talk?about?fashion?today?,?you?are?talking?about?China?-?its?influences?,?its?direction,?its breathtaking?clothes,?and?how?young?designers?and?models?are?finally?acknowledging?that?in?many?ways."（如果你今天谈论时尚，你谈论的是中国——它的影响，它的方向，它令人惊叹的服装，以及年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。），结合全文内容，可知这篇文章最恰当的题目是“中国文化助力国际时尚潮流”，故答案为D。 【点评】本文是关于中国在时尚圈中的大国地位，属于议论文。文章第一句点明主旨。答题时注意确定关键词，然后在文章中定位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。
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5.【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）B （4）A
【考点】议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。受欢迎在小学阶段是因为分享，在中学阶段却是因为叛逆和与众不同。心理学家将受欢迎分类为讨人喜欢的人和地位寻求者，讨人喜欢的人不仅有良好的人际关系，他们的以后的人生也有积极的经历。而那些追求地位的孩子往往会从事一些比较危险的活动。 （1）推理判断题。将elementary school定位在第一段，作者小时候enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes，这让她在同学中有较高的社会地位。unkind不善良的；lonely孤独的；generous慷慨的；cool酷的。Share是慷慨的表现，故答案为C。 （2）段落大意题。本段通过临床心理学教授对“受欢迎”进行分类：讨人喜欢的人和地位寻求者。前者与他人相处融洽的品质加强了校园友谊，激发了人际交往技巧，并且在很早的时候，就被用在了生活和工作中；而后者通过权力带来的地位，甚至有不光彩的行为。所以本段的中心是对“受欢迎的人”的分类，故答案为A。 （3）细节理解题。将题干中的the most liked定位在第四段第一句。通过分析引号中的“We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."可知，最不受欢迎的和地位高的人都会有攻击性。受喜爱会导致健康的适应，而地位高的却相反。故答案为B。 （4）主旨大意题。本文讲述受喜爱不仅有积极的结果，而且还为学习和新的生活体验创造机会。选项A：与人为善——你不会吃亏的。符合。故答案为A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，段落大意和主旨大意四种题型的考查，是一篇议论文阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
一、阅读理解（共5题）
1.（2019?北京）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
??? The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don't know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams (欺诈).We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it's too little, too late. By the time these "solutions" (解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it's not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you're hearing is actually real.
??? That's because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation (处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use .At this year's I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human—sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
??? These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision A decade of data breaches (数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother's name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller's, ricking you into "confirming" your address, mother's name, and card number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.
??? We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like Face Time or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.
??? Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to harder from here on out.
（1）How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls?
A.?Panicked?????????????????????B.?Confused?????????????????????C.?Embarrassed?????????????????????D.?Disappointed
（2）taking advantage of the new technologies, scammer can ________.
A.?aim at victims precisely??????????????????????????????????? ?B.?damage databases easily C.?start campaigns rapidly?????????????????????????????????? ? D.?spread information widely
（3）What does the passage imply?
A.?Honesty is the best policy.??????????????????????????????? B.?Technologies can be double-edited. C.?There are more solutions than problems.???? ??D.?Credibility holds the key to development.
（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.?Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted B.?Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls C.?Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous D.?How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
2.（2019?江苏）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
??? Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?
??? It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people's opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.
??? The fascination with the ICT (Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector (制造业) with negative consequences for their economies.
??? Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the "digital divide" between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.
??? In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a "borderless world". As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.
??? Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.
（1）Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to ________.
A.?a lack of confidence in technology????????????????B.?a slow progress in technology C.?a conflict of public opinions???????????????????????????D.?a waste of limited resources
（2）The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should ________.
A.?take people's essential needs into account B.?make their programmes attractive to people C.?ensure that each child gets financial support D.?provide more affordable internet facilities
（3）What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations?
A.?Neglecting the impacts of technological advances. B.?Believing that the world has become borderless. C.?Ignoring the power of economic development. D.?Over-emphasizing the role of international communication.
（4）What can we learn from the passage?
A.?People should be encouraged to make more donations. B.?Traditional technology still has a place nowadays. C.?Making right career choices is crucial to personal success. D.?Economic policies should follow technological trends.
3.（2019?天津）阅读理解
??? Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book.
??? The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before？
??? We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
??? Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to lean, the opportunities are everywhere.
??? The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
??? With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（自我）, whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.
??? Many of us equate（视……等同于）"commitment" with such "caring" occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck, or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson.
（1）The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that_________.
A.?loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity B.?age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal C.?misery inspires a man to fight against his fate D.?disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success
（2）What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A.?End one's struggle for liberty.??????????????????????????B.?Waste one's energy taking risks. C.?Miss the opportunity to succeed.???????????????????D.?Lose the interest to continue learning.
（3）What could be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A.?Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped. B.?Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead. C.?Opportunity favors those with a curious mind. D.?Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.
（4）What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5?
A.?A tough man can tolerate suffering B.?A wise man can live without self-pity. C.?A man should try to satisfy people around him. D.?A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.
（5）What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A.?To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life. B.?To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work. C.?To state the importance of generating motivation for learning. D.?To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
4.（2019?全国Ⅲ）阅读理解
??? For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
??? "It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.
??? Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
??? "China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil.
??? For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways."
（1）What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?
A.?It promoted the sales of artworks.???????????????? ?B.?It attracted a large number of visitors. C.?It showed ancient Chinese clothes.??????????????? ??D.?It aimed to introduce Chinese models.
（2）What does Hill say about Chinese women?
A.?They are setting the fashion.??????????????????????????? B.?They start many fashion campaigns. C.?They admire super models.???????????????????????????? ?D.?They do business all over the world.
（3）What do the underlined words? "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?
A.?learning from??????????? B.?looking down on?????????? ?C.?working with???????????D.?competing against
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.?Young Models Selling Dreams to the World B.?A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York C.?Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics D.?Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
5.（2019? 全国Ⅰ）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
??? During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
??? Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables' plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
??? Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein's studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are "most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior."
??? In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). "We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."
??? Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
??? In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage," he said.
（1）What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?
A.?Unkind.?????????????????????????????B.?Lonely.?????????????????????????????C.?Generous.?????????????????????????????D.?Cool.
（2）What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A.?The classification of the popular.????????????????????B.?The characteristics of adolescents. C.?The importance of interpersonal skills.??????????D.?The causes of dishonorable behavior.
（3）What did Dr. Prinstein's study find about the most liked kids?
A.?They appeared to be aggressive.????????????????????B.?They tended to be more adaptable. C.?They enjoyed the highest status.????????????????????D.?They performed well academically.
（4）What is the best title for the text?
A.?Be Nice-You Won't Finish Last?????????????????????????B.?The Higher the Status, the Beer C.?Be the Best-You Can Make It???????????????????????????D.?More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
答案解析部分
一、阅读理解
1.【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）B （4）C
【考点】科普环保类，议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真，语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。 （1）推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it's too little, too late. By the time these “solutions” become widely available, scammers will have moved onto clever means”可知，我们通过支持和开发旨在防止欺诈者通过的工具、应用程序和方法，认识到了问题的严重性。不幸的是，我们的努力太少了，也太晚了。在这些“解决方案”被广泛使用的时候，骗子将转移到更巧妙的手段上。由此推知，作者认为这些“解决办法”对于解决问题起不了什么作用，因此作者感到很“失望”。故选D。 （2）细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother's name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller's, tricking you into "confirming" your address, mother's name, and card number”可知，机器人通话之所以令人头痛，与其说与数量有关，不如说与精确度有关。长达十年的个人信息泄露已经导致了这样一种情况：骗子可以轻易地知道你母亲的名字，甚至更多。有了这些知识，他们就能够开展有针对性的活动来欺骗人们。根据这些可知，利用这种新的技术，欺诈者们可以精确的确定他们行骗的目标。故选A。 （3）推理判断题。根据第二段中的“At this year's I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human—sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.”可知，这项语音技术可以产生一个听起来和人类非常相似的声音，它可以和接待员进行交谈，进行预订。由此可知，这项新技术有其好的方面。根据第三段的叙述可知，欺诈者们可以利用这项新技术来进行欺诈行为。由此推知，这项新技术既可以发挥好的作用，也可能为坏人所利用，产生不好的影响，因此可以说它是一把双刃剑。故选B。 （4）主旨大意题。第一段提到：robocalls（机器人电话: 自动拨号播放录音信息的推销电话）在未来变得会越来越严重，不仅仅是出现在你的手机屏幕上的电话号码令人怀疑，而且你会质疑听到的声音是否是真的。第二段介绍原因：语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。第三段介绍了语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。最后两段提出我们该如何应对这些问题。综上，文章第一段点明文章中心：机器人电话问题在未来会变得越来越严重。下文都是围绕这一话题展开的。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2.【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）B （4）B
【考点】推理判断题，细节理解题，社会现象类，议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了对信息技术的过分迷恋对国家，对个人，对慈善事业都会有不利的影响。 （1）细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However, they have reak impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources. ”可知，对信息技术的错误判断会导致有限资源的错误使用，也就是资源的浪费，故选D。 （2）推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.”可知，与其给那些贫困地区孩子笔记本电脑或者建网络中心，还不如给钱打井，铺电网或者生产他们买得起的洗衣机，这些东西更能改善他们的生活。作者不是说这些东西一定更重要，但是很多捐赠者没有仔细考虑捐赠的东西的长期成本，因此作者建议捐赠者要考虑接受捐赠的人的实际情况，而不是一味地追求信息化，故选A。 （3）推理判断题。根据第五段“In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a "borderless world". 以及Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.”可知，对新东西的迷恋让人们认为如今通讯技术和交通的变革让我们生活在一个无国界的世界。正是认为我们生活在这样一个世界，很多政府取消了关于跨国界的资本、劳动力以及商品流动的法律法规，故选B。 （4）推理判断题。根据第三段“The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业) with negative consequences for their economies.”可知，对互联网呈现的通讯技术变革的迷恋让很多富裕国家做出一个错误的结论，制造产品已经过时了，他们应该靠创意生活，因而忽略了制造业，从而对经济造成不利影响，故可知，传统的技术依然有它的地位，不能被新兴的信息技术取代，故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
3.【答案】 （1）B （2）D （3）C （4）D （5）A
【考点】人生百味类，议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。 （1）考查推理判断。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹圄，在53岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功，年龄也是如此，故选B。 （2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.”可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知run out of steam可知，停止学习，故选D。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“we lose the sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.”可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知，机会总是留给那些好奇心的人，故选C。 （4）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.”可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么去取悦别人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀，故可知，本段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选D。 （5）考查主旨大意。本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4.【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）D （4）D
【考点】社会现象类，议论文
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了中国文化及其丰富的文化，成为西方时尚设计师的灵感来源。中国年轻的设计师和模特最终在许多方面被认可，也将引领着世界时尚的潮流。 （1）细节理解题。将 New York 定位在第三段The?exhibition?had?record?attendance,?showing?that?there?is huge?interest?in?Chinese?influences.（此次展览吸引参观者人数创下了记录，显示出人们对中国影响的浓厚兴趣。）由此可知，纽约的展览吸引了许多参观者，故答案为B。 （2）细节理解题。将题干中的Hill定位在第四段Chinese?models?are?the?faces?of?beauty?and?fashion? campaigns?that?sell?dreams?to?women?all?over?the?world,?which?means?Chinese?women?are?not?just?consumers?of?fashion-they?are?central?to?its?movement?.?（中国模特是向全世界女性推销梦想的美和时尚活动的代言人，这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者——她们是这场运动的核心。）由此可知，Hill说中国女性开创了新时尚，故答案为A。 （3）词义猜测题。下文and?beating?them?hands?down?in?design?and?sales说并在设计和销售上击败他们。由此推断出上文Vera?Wang,?Alexander?Wang,?Jason?Wu?are?taking?on?Galliano,?Albaz,?Mare?Jacobs的意思是Vera?Wang、Alexander?Wang和Jason?Wu正在与Galliano、Albaz和?Mare?Jacobs竞争。taking?on意思是“竞争”，故答案为D。 （4）主旨大意题。根据文章第一段china?and?its?culture?have?long?been?an?inspiration?for?western?creations.以及最后一段If?you?talk?about?fashion?today?,?you?are?talking?about?China?-?its?influences?,?its?direction,?its breathtaking?clothes,?and?how?young?designers?and?models?are?finally?acknowledging?that?in?many?ways."（如果你今天谈论时尚，你谈论的是中国——它的影响，它的方向，它令人惊叹的服装，以及年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。），结合全文内容，可知这篇文章最恰当的题目是“中国文化助力国际时尚潮流”，故答案为D。 【点评】本文是关于中国在时尚圈中的大国地位，属于议论文。文章第一句点明主旨。答题时注意确定关键词，然后在文章中定位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。
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5.【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）B （4）A
【考点】议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。受欢迎在小学阶段是因为分享，在中学阶段却是因为叛逆和与众不同。心理学家将受欢迎分类为讨人喜欢的人和地位寻求者，讨人喜欢的人不仅有良好的人际关系，他们的以后的人生也有积极的经历。而那些追求地位的孩子往往会从事一些比较危险的活动。 （1）推理判断题。将elementary school定位在第一段，作者小时候enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes，这让她在同学中有较高的社会地位。unkind不善良的；lonely孤独的；generous慷慨的；cool酷的。Share是慷慨的表现，故答案为C。 （2）段落大意题。本段通过临床心理学教授对“受欢迎”进行分类：讨人喜欢的人和地位寻求者。前者与他人相处融洽的品质加强了校园友谊，激发了人际交往技巧，并且在很早的时候，就被用在了生活和工作中；而后者通过权力带来的地位，甚至有不光彩的行为。所以本段的中心是对“受欢迎的人”的分类，故答案为A。 （3）细节理解题。将题干中的the most liked定位在第四段第一句。通过分析引号中的“We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."可知，最不受欢迎的和地位高的人都会有攻击性。受喜爱会导致健康的适应，而地位高的却相反。故答案为B。 （4）主旨大意题。本文讲述受喜爱不仅有积极的结果，而且还为学习和新的生活体验创造机会。选项A：与人为善——你不会吃亏的。符合。故答案为A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，段落大意和主旨大意四种题型的考查，是一篇议论文阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
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