高考英语必备语法定语从句（二） 课件
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高考必备语法
定语从句（二）
Let’s review
1. 定义：
在复合句中作定语的句子叫做定语从句( Attributive Clause)。
2. 先行词：
先行词指的是被定语从句修饰的名词、代词或者句子 。
3. 关系代词：
which, that, who, whom, whose，as等
在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语
关系副词：
where, why, when
在定语从句中作状语
Let’s learn
一.介词加关系代词的定语从句
关系代词的选用 先行词指人 whom
先行词指物 which
介词的选用 一先，根据先行词的搭配关系来确定介词的选择。
I never forget the day on which I came to this university.(on the day)
二动，根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系来选择。
This is the watch on which I spent 9000 yuan.(spend money on sth)
三意义，根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
That is my pair of glasses , without which I cannot see clearly.
介词加关系代词的定语从句考点
考点一：“介词+关系代词”在从句中作状语
I made a list of the members from whom/ had received replies.
我做了一张名单，列出我已经收到回复的会员
1.介词+which 有时可以与相应的关系副词互换。
Is this the school in which=where you studied 10 years ago.
I’ll never forget the day on which=__________I first met her.
2.介词后置，关系代词可省略。
This is the book (which)I’m most interested in.
when
考点二：way (方式)为先行词，且关系词在从句中做状语时，定语从句的引导词用in which， that 或者不填。
I don’t like the way (in which /that/ 不填)you talked to me.
Science and technology have made major changes to the way ___________________we live.
I don’t know the way _______________________you told me.
in which /that/ 不填
which /that/ 不填
解析:the way 在从句中做状语
解析：the way 在从句中做宾语
考点三：表示整体或部分的词语+of +关系代词
表示整体或部分的词语常见的有：不定代词all,both,none, neither, either,some ,any 和数词（基数词及序数词）；the +最高级/比较级，表示数目或数量的词语many, most,few,several,enough, half, a quarter等
Last week, only two people came to look at the house, neither of whom wanted to buy it.
Their use was limited by laws , the first of ________ dates back to the fourteenth century.
He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of_________were published in the 1990s
which
which
考点四:两个词或三个词构成的固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词同动词拆开放在关系代词前面
如：look after、take care of、look forward to、depend on、 pay attention to、look at等。
She is my sick grandma whom my mother must look after.
This is the result that I have been looking forward to.
He often recalled the day _____which he went to college.
A path, on both sides of ________grass grows, leads to the forest.
He holds the opinion____which I disagree.
That's a mystery _________which all the scientists are curious.
The pen is an important tool ______ which we write.
He spent four years at college, during __________time he mastered English well.
She carried an umbrella ______which she could protect her from the sunshine.
on
which
to
about
with
which
with
Exercise
Let’s learn
二.限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句
(一)限定性定语从句和非限定定语从句区别。
限定性定语从句 非限定定语从句区别
与先行词关系密切
（删掉后影响整个意思的表达） 与先行词关系不密切
(是一种补充说明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达）
不用逗号分开 一般用逗号和先行词分开
可以用关系代词that 引导 不可以用关系代词that引导
关系代词可以省略
that,who,which ,whom在从句中做宾语可省 关系代词不能省略
先行词是名词或代词 先行词即可以是名词，代词也可以是整个句子，由which 或as引导
（二）限定和非限定定语从句中关系代词使用一览表
表示限定性定语从句中关系代词的使用
表示非限定性定语从句中关系代词的使用
关系代词 指人 指物 指代整个句子
主语 宾语 定语 主语 宾语 定语 主语，宾语
who
whom
which
whose
as
that
Show time
The building is in Shanghai，__________ is the biggest city in China.
这座大厦坐落在上海，中国最大的城市。
which
( which指代先行词 Shanghai，在从句中作主语)
He finished college at fifteen，___________ I found hard to believe.他15岁就大学毕业了，我觉得简直难以信。
( which指代整个主句内容，在从句中作宾语)
which
1.It is a truly delightful place,__________looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
解析：非限制性定定从句中缺主语，先行词是 place，故应用关系代词 which引导该从句。
which
Exercise
2015湖南改
2.Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in
Maccelesfield,_________she opened with her late husband Les.
which
2019全国卷2
解析：非限制性定定从句中缺宾语，先行词是 the pet shop ，故应用关系代词 which引导该从句。
三.as引导限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句
用在固定搭配as…as，so……as， such…….as， the same…as中。
He is not the same man as he was.
他和以前不一样了。
The world has been changing at such a high speed as no one has expected.世界变化速度之快没人意料得到。
Such a meeting _____ is being held is very important.
He is not the same man _________we knew before.
as
as
as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个句子的内容，它的先行词可以是名词，也可以是整个句子，as在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。有些as引导的定语从句已经成为固定用法。
as we all know(as is known to us或as is well known) 众所周知 as is reported 据报道
as is often the case 情况常常如此
as is expected 正如期望的那样
as has been said before 如前所述
He is a gentleman, _________ is shown in his behavior.
______is supposed, he succeeds in the end.
_____ we know, the scenery of the city is beautiful.
_____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
_____ we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.
Exercises
as
As
As
As
As
More American troops are sent to the Middle East, _________I have learnt from the newspaper.
__________I have learnt from the newspaper, more American troops are sent to the Middle East.
as/which
As
四.使用定语从句需要注意的事项
1.定语从句中的主谓一致问题
1）定语从句中的关系代词做主语时，从句谓语要与先行词的人称、数一致。
Is he the man ____________wants to see you?
2)as, which 做主语引导非限定性定语从句，指全句时，从句谓语动词用单数。
______is usual,he came to school late this morning.
Liquid water changes to vapor,_______is called evaporation.
who/that
As
which
3).先行词为“one of the +复数名词”时，关系代词从句主语，谓语用复数。
Freddy is one of the students who ____________(want)to be diplomats in our class.
4).先行词为“the one of the +复数名词”时，关系代词从句主语，谓语用单数。
He is the (only) one of the students who ______(have)been a winner of scholarship for 3 years.
want
has
2.定语从句的位置
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后。有时，定语从句与先行词之间插入其他成分
A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German。
明天要来一位新老师教你们德语。
3.what 和how不能引导定语从句
先行词表示方式在定语从句中作状语时用in which或that引导定语从句，且可以省略，而不能用how.
That is the way (___________) she behaves.
in which/that
五.定语从句和同位语从句的区别
两步法区别定语及同位语从句
1.根据that在从句中是否做成分来判定。
2.根据that前的名词来判断。
The news that you told me last week is not true.(定语从句)
The news that the leader will come here is not true.(同位语从句)
that在定语从句中担任成分，而在同位语从句中不做成分。
同位语从句的中that前的名词必须是抽象名词如：fact, news ,information, order,belief,reply, answer 等。
Summary
定语从句中关系词选择的方法
①辨别先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因。
②分析代替先行词的关系词在定语从句中充当的句子成分，缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语还是状语，缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语选用关系代词；不缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语则缺少状语选用关系副词。
③判断定语从句是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。
Exercise
The reason _____he gave is clearly a lie. （which作宾语）
The reason _____she refused him is not known.（why作状语）
The night ______ he spent together with his friends is wonderful.
（which作宾语）
The night _____he stayed in his uncle's family made him at ease.
（when作状语）
which
why
which
when
Exercise
1.2019(北京)The students benefitting most from college are those _____ _____
are totally engaged（参与）in academic life, taking full advantage of the
college’s chances and resources（资源）.
2.（2019江苏）We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best
chance of coming true.
A. which B. what C. when D. that
who/that
解析：根据句意可是先行词those指人，并从句缺少主语，所以填who/that.
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的
机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以
关系词用when。 故选C。
Exercise
3. （2019江苏） Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic
is finding its way into the human body.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体
内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。
故选B。
4.(2019 全国卷3) They were well trained by their masters ______ _______ had
great experience with caring for these animals.
5.(2019天津)11. Their child is at the stage ___________ she can say individual
words but not full sentences.
A. why B. where C. which D. what
Who/that
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶
段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词
是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动
物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
6.（2019浙江）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _________
____gives off light in the dark.
7.In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them.(2019全国卷3)
that /which
which/that
解析：这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，
因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
解析：本句考查定语从句。先行词environment 在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故 把what改为that/which。
Homework
Finish the exercise on your exercise book.
谢谢
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com) 中小学教育资源网站
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定语从句（二）
Let’s review
1. 定义：
在复合句中作定语的句子叫做定语从句( Attributive Clause)。
2. 先行词：
先行词指的是被定语从句修饰的名词、代词或者句子 。
3. 关系代词：
which, that, who, whom, whose，as等
在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语
关系副词：
where, why, when
在定语从句中作状语
Let’s learn
一.介词加关系代词的定语从句
关系代词的选用 先行词指人 whom
先行词指物 which
介词的选用 一先，根据先行词的搭配关系来确定介词的选择。
I never forget the day on which I came to this university.(on the day)
二动，根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系来选择。
This is the watch on which I spent 9000 yuan.(spend money on sth)
三意义，根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
That is my pair of glasses , without which I cannot see clearly.
介词加关系代词的定语从句考点
考点一：“介词+关系代词”在从句中作状语
I made a list of the members from whom/ had received replies.
我做了一张名单，列出我已经收到回复的会员
1.介词+which 有时可以与相应的关系副词互换。
Is this the school in which=where you studied 10 years ago.
I’ll never forget the day on which=__________I first met her.
2.介词后置，关系代词可省略。
This is the book (which)I’m most interested in.
when
考点二：way (方式)为先行词，且关系词在从句中做状语时，定语从句的引导词用in which， that 或者不填。
I don’t like the way (in which /that/ 不填)you talked to me.
Science and technology have made major changes to the way ___________________we live.
I don’t know the way _______________________you told me.
in which /that/ 不填
which /that/ 不填
解析:the way 在从句中做状语
解析：the way 在从句中做宾语
考点三：表示整体或部分的词语+of +关系代词
表示整体或部分的词语常见的有：不定代词all,both,none, neither, either,some ,any 和数词（基数词及序数词）；the +最高级/比较级，表示数目或数量的词语many, most,few,several,enough, half, a quarter等
Last week, only two people came to look at the house, neither of whom wanted to buy it.
Their use was limited by laws , the first of ________ dates back to the fourteenth century.
He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of_________were published in the 1990s
which
which
考点四:两个词或三个词构成的固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词同动词拆开放在关系代词前面
如：look after、take care of、look forward to、depend on、 pay attention to、look at等。
She is my sick grandma whom my mother must look after.
This is the result that I have been looking forward to.
He often recalled the day _____which he went to college.
A path, on both sides of ________grass grows, leads to the forest.
He holds the opinion____which I disagree.
That's a mystery _________which all the scientists are curious.
The pen is an important tool ______ which we write.
He spent four years at college, during __________time he mastered English well.
She carried an umbrella ______which she could protect her from the sunshine.
on
which
to
about
with
which
with
Exercise
Let’s learn
二.限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句
(一)限定性定语从句和非限定定语从句区别。
限定性定语从句 非限定定语从句区别
与先行词关系密切
（删掉后影响整个意思的表达） 与先行词关系不密切
(是一种补充说明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达）
不用逗号分开 一般用逗号和先行词分开
可以用关系代词that 引导 不可以用关系代词that引导
关系代词可以省略
that,who,which ,whom在从句中做宾语可省 关系代词不能省略
先行词是名词或代词 先行词即可以是名词，代词也可以是整个句子，由which 或as引导
（二）限定和非限定定语从句中关系代词使用一览表
表示限定性定语从句中关系代词的使用
表示非限定性定语从句中关系代词的使用
关系代词 指人 指物 指代整个句子
主语 宾语 定语 主语 宾语 定语 主语，宾语
who
whom
which
whose
as
that
Show time
The building is in Shanghai，__________ is the biggest city in China.
这座大厦坐落在上海，中国最大的城市。
which
( which指代先行词 Shanghai，在从句中作主语)
He finished college at fifteen，___________ I found hard to believe.他15岁就大学毕业了，我觉得简直难以信。
( which指代整个主句内容，在从句中作宾语)
which
1.It is a truly delightful place,__________looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
解析：非限制性定定从句中缺主语，先行词是 place，故应用关系代词 which引导该从句。
which
Exercise
2015湖南改
2.Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in
Maccelesfield,_________she opened with her late husband Les.
which
2019全国卷2
解析：非限制性定定从句中缺宾语，先行词是 the pet shop ，故应用关系代词 which引导该从句。
三.as引导限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句
用在固定搭配as…as，so……as， such…….as， the same…as中。
He is not the same man as he was.
他和以前不一样了。
The world has been changing at such a high speed as no one has expected.世界变化速度之快没人意料得到。
Such a meeting _____ is being held is very important.
He is not the same man _________we knew before.
as
as
as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个句子的内容，它的先行词可以是名词，也可以是整个句子，as在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。有些as引导的定语从句已经成为固定用法。
as we all know(as is known to us或as is well known) 众所周知 as is reported 据报道
as is often the case 情况常常如此
as is expected 正如期望的那样
as has been said before 如前所述
He is a gentleman, _________ is shown in his behavior.
______is supposed, he succeeds in the end.
_____ we know, the scenery of the city is beautiful.
_____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
_____ we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.
Exercises
as
As
As
As
As
More American troops are sent to the Middle East, _________I have learnt from the newspaper.
__________I have learnt from the newspaper, more American troops are sent to the Middle East.
as/which
As
四.使用定语从句需要注意的事项
1.定语从句中的主谓一致问题
1）定语从句中的关系代词做主语时，从句谓语要与先行词的人称、数一致。
Is he the man ____________wants to see you?
2)as, which 做主语引导非限定性定语从句，指全句时，从句谓语动词用单数。
______is usual,he came to school late this morning.
Liquid water changes to vapor,_______is called evaporation.
who/that
As
which
3).先行词为“one of the +复数名词”时，关系代词从句主语，谓语用复数。
Freddy is one of the students who ____________(want)to be diplomats in our class.
4).先行词为“the one of the +复数名词”时，关系代词从句主语，谓语用单数。
He is the (only) one of the students who ______(have)been a winner of scholarship for 3 years.
want
has
2.定语从句的位置
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后。有时，定语从句与先行词之间插入其他成分
A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German。
明天要来一位新老师教你们德语。
3.what 和how不能引导定语从句
先行词表示方式在定语从句中作状语时用in which或that引导定语从句，且可以省略，而不能用how.
That is the way (___________) she behaves.
in which/that
五.定语从句和同位语从句的区别
两步法区别定语及同位语从句
1.根据that在从句中是否做成分来判定。
2.根据that前的名词来判断。
The news that you told me last week is not true.(定语从句)
The news that the leader will come here is not true.(同位语从句)
that在定语从句中担任成分，而在同位语从句中不做成分。
同位语从句的中that前的名词必须是抽象名词如：fact, news ,information, order,belief,reply, answer 等。
Summary
定语从句中关系词选择的方法
①辨别先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因。
②分析代替先行词的关系词在定语从句中充当的句子成分，缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语还是状语，缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语选用关系代词；不缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语则缺少状语选用关系副词。
③判断定语从句是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。
Exercise
The reason _____he gave is clearly a lie. （which作宾语）
The reason _____she refused him is not known.（why作状语）
The night ______ he spent together with his friends is wonderful.
（which作宾语）
The night _____he stayed in his uncle's family made him at ease.
（when作状语）
which
why
which
when
Exercise
1.2019(北京)The students benefitting most from college are those _____ _____
are totally engaged（参与）in academic life, taking full advantage of the
college’s chances and resources（资源）.
2.（2019江苏）We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best
chance of coming true.
A. which B. what C. when D. that
who/that
解析：根据句意可是先行词those指人，并从句缺少主语，所以填who/that.
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的
机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以
关系词用when。 故选C。
Exercise
3. （2019江苏） Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic
is finding its way into the human body.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体
内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。
故选B。
4.(2019 全国卷3) They were well trained by their masters ______ _______ had
great experience with caring for these animals.
5.(2019天津)11. Their child is at the stage ___________ she can say individual
words but not full sentences.
A. why B. where C. which D. what
Who/that
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶
段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词
是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动
物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
6.（2019浙江）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _________
____gives off light in the dark.
7.In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them.(2019全国卷3)
that /which
which/that
解析：这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，
因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
解析：本句考查定语从句。先行词environment 在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故 把what改为that/which。
Homework
Finish the exercise on your exercise book.
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