高中英语句型结构知识专讲-动词的十六型 (知识讲解+练习和答案)

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台


中学英语句型结构知识专讲 (知识讲解+练习和答案)
句型结构主要是为英语写作服务的，这是写作的重要基础，如果对句型结构有熟悉的掌握，你写出来的句子就会像英语；而且在英语阅读中，遇到难句和长句，运用句型结构知识分析句子、对理解句子也有帮助。本文共介绍了十六种中学英语常见句型结构，每种句型结构均挑选大量例句用表格展示，尽力使读者能够有直观清楚地认知。
动词第一型：动词+宾语
主语+动词 直接宾语
1 I have got two ticket.
2 I want some apples.
3 Who can answer the question?
4 Mr Brown is washing his hands.
5 He has made great progress
6 She doesn't like cold weather
7 My brother dug a hole.
8 They didn't have our modern machines
9 A Frenchman had caught a very bad cold
例句翻译：
1.我有两张票。
2.我要些苹果。
3.谁能回答这个问题?
4.布朗先生正在洗手。
5.他已有了很大的进步。
6.她不喜欢冷天气。
7.我弟弟挖了个洞。
8.他们没有我们现代化的机器。
9.一位法国人患了重感冒。
练习一：翻译下面句子

我头痛得厉害
他摇了摇坛子，但什么也没有听到。
他不会讲日语。
人人都必须遵守校规。
当鸟、鱼和人吃了这种谷物、饮用了这种水或呼吸了这种空气，他们的健康就会受到损害。
动词第二型：动词+not（to）-动词不定式
主语+动词 not（to）-动词不定式
1 He wants to go to college.
2 Sports help to keep people healthy ·
3 I promised to help him.
4 She began to teach herself French.
5 They have decided to go at once.
6 I’1l try to buy a dictionary.
7 They pretended not to have seen us.
8 Would you like to go with us?
以不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有:
ask, begin, dare, decide, expect, forget, agree, 1earn,like, love, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, start, try want, wish, etc.
例句翻译：
1.他想上大学。
2.运动有助于人们保持健康。
3.我答应带他的忙。
4.她开始自学法语。
5.他们已决定马上就去。
6.我要设法给你买本字典。
7.他们假装没看见我们。
8.你愿意和我们一块去吗?
练习二：翻译下面句子
不久起风了，天气变得愈来愈冷了。
学生们希望学几首新的英语歌。
你会记住给我买几张邮票的，对吧?
你离开屋子以前，别忘了关灯。
我们老师已决定不来参加我们的会了。
动词第三型：动词+名词或代词+not（to）-动词不定式
主语+动词 代词或名词 not（to）-动词不定式
1 We asked the teacher to explain the sentence again.
2 My friends advised me to give up smoking.
3 He told us not to do that.
4 He warned me not to be late.
5 We invited him to sing.
6 I want my parents to know
7 He ordered the boy to stand up.
8 We all wished him to tell us more about it.
9 Does he allow you to go
要求这种句型结构的常见动词有:
advise, allow, ask, beg, expect, get, help, invite, like, love, order, permit, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, etc.
译文：
1.我们请老师把这个句子再解释一遍。
2.我要让我父母知道。
3.朋友们劝我戒烟。
4.他告诉我别干那好。
5.他警告我别迟到。
6.我们请他唱歌。
7.他命令那孩子站起来。
8.我们都希望他给我们多讲点。
9.他让你去吗了
练习三：翻译下面句子
老师要我们背会这篇课文。
你父亲帮我把箱子拾上楼了。
我们不能指望他为我们把什么都准备好。
我们央求他不要惩罚这个孩子。谁教你们唱的这首歌?
动词第四型:动词+名词或代词+动词不定式
主语+动词 代词或名词 动词不定式
1 What makes you think so.
2 We all felt the earth shake
3 They had the worker make a box.
4 We helped her repair her bike
5 We heard her sing two songs
6 The teacher let him go outside
7 We watched the plane land.
8 Did you see the bus arrive
9 Did you notice anyone come in?
要求这种句型的动词有两类:
感官动词：feel, hear, notice, see, watch, etc.使动词：have, let, make, etc.
但这种句子变为被动结构，动词不定式必加to.如：
I was made to think so.
Someone was heard to come upstairs.
例句翻译：
1.是什么使得你这么想呢?
2.我们都觉得地动了。
3.他们让这个工人做了个箱子。
4.我们带地修了自行车。
5.我们听见她吗了两支歌。
6.者师让他到外边去了。
7.我们看着飞机着陆了。
8.你看见汽车到了吗?
9.你注意到有人进来过吗?
练习四：翻译下列句子
那地主常常逼他天亮前就起来。
别忘了让他来。
他觉得心跳得厉害。
别让鸟飞走。
谁也没有注意到他离开了屋子。
听见有人敲了三下门
动词第五型:动词+名词或代词+现在分词
主语+动词 代词或名词 现在分词
1 I kept you waiting.
2 We found him working at the machine.
3 They watched the train Leaving the station.
4 Did you notice anyone standing outside.
5 Did you feel the house shaking.
6 Can you smell something burning
7 I saw him running off
8 I heard the boy crying
要求这种句型的动词有:
feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, notice, observe, see, watch, etc.说明:1.这类动词的被动结构是:You were kept waiting. He was seen running off.
2.这类动词如: hear, notice, see, watch等动词后面既可用现在分词构成复合宾语，也可以用不带to的动词不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有时有差异。试比较:
I saw?a?man?knocking?at?the?door.我看见一个人正在敲门。（表动作，即在进行）
I saw?a?man?knock?at?the?door?three times.我看见一个人敲了三下门。（表结果，即动作已经完成）

1.我让你久等了。
2.我们发现他正在机器旁操作。
3.他们看着火车出站。
4.你注意到有人站在外边吗?
5.你觉得房子在摇动吗?
6.你能闻见一股糊味吗?
7.我看见他正跑开。
8??我听见那孩子在哭。

练习五
不久我们就会看到水蒸气从湿衣服上冒出来。
这两人让灯通宵亮着。
他看见人们来来往往。
你会觉得空气朝你迎面扑来。
她醒来时发现自己躺在一张医院的病床上。
别让他等着。
我看见这个人在过马路。
我看见这个人过了马路。
动词第六型:动词+名词或代词+形容词
主语+动词 代词或名词 形容词
1 They set him free.
2 Get everything ready on time.
3 What him said made me happy.
4 You must keep the egg hard.
5 Don’t get your clothes dirty.
6 Can you push the door open.
7 I wish you happy.
8 The cold weather turned the leaves red.
要求这类句型的动词有:
beat ( black and blue), believe, boil( hard),cut（short), dye, find, get (ready), keep, leave like, make, paint, set(free) think, turn, want.wish, etc.
例句翻译：
1.他们释放了他。
2.把一切按时准备好。
3.他的话使我们很高兴。
4.你们一定要保持室内清洁。
5.他把鸡请者得很老。
6.这堆火使他们感到很暖和。
7.不要把你的衣服弄湿了，
8.你能把门推开吗?
8.我愿你快乐。
10.寒冷的天气使树叶变红了。
练习六：
这种事情使你很生气。
他们把墙刷白了。
这就会使整个上午都空出来。
他说得很清楚，他将不参加我们的工作。
我发现那间屋子是空的。
动词第七型:动词+名词或代词+名词
主语+动词 代词或名词 名词
1 They named the boy Joan.
2 We called him Jack
3 They made Newton President of the Royal society.
4 We elected him Chairman of the Students’ Union.
5 They chose Mr. Smith Chairman.
6 We must keep it a secret.
7 What do you call This flower .
要求这类句型的常用动词有:
call, choose, consider, elect, find, keep, leave. make, name, think, etc.
说明:这类动词的被动式是:The baby was named Joan.
He was called Jack.
例句翻译：
1.他们给这个孩子取名琼。
2.我们叫他杰克。
3.他们请牛顿任皇家学会主席。
4.我们选他当学生会主席。
5.他们选史密斯先生任会长。
6.我们必须对此事保密。
7.这种花你们叫什么?
练习七：翻译下列句子
他把伦敦作为他从事革命工作的基地。
我们发现他很适合做这项工作。
那年我母亲死了，我就成了孤儿。
工人们选他当了车间主任。
我认为你妹妹是个相当聪明的姑娘。
动词第八型：动词+名词或代词+过去分词
主语+动词 代词或名词 过去分词
1 You must get your hair cut
2 I couldn’t make my voice heard
3 He heard his name

4 She found the door locked
5 She had a new dress made
6 I saw the house hit by a bomb
7 He felt himself lifted up
构的动词有：
feel, find., get, have, hear, keep, make, see, want, etc.
例句翻译
你得理发了。
2.我没能使我的声音被人听到。
3.他听见有人叫他的名字。
4.她发现门锁着。
5.她定制了一套新装。
6.我看到房于被炸弹炸中了。
7.他觉得自己被抬了起来。
练习八：
当初那些国王叫人为他们修建金字塔时，他们也许从未料到会发生这种事情。
以前，他们从未听到过别人讲英语
我们发现有 人间进过屋子，把电视机拿走了。
他们看到这座城市在地策中被毁坏了。
我希望这件事能在会议上得到讨论。
动词第九型:
动词+连接代词或副词(why除外) +to-动词不定式
主语+动词 连接代词或副词 动词不定式
1 Do you know how to drive a car.
2 He is learning how to play the violion.
3 We have decided where To built the school.
4 You must remember when to begin.
5 I don’t know whether to stay or go.
6 She is wondering which to buy.
7 I don’t know what to do
8 They’ll find out what to do next.
要求这种句型的动词有:
ask, consider, decide, discuss, explain, find out, forget, guess, hear, know, learn, remember, wonder, etc.
1.你知道怎样开汽车吗?
2.他在学拉提琴。
3.我们已决定了在什么地方建学校。
4.你必须记住什么时候开始。
5.我不知道是呆着还是去好。
6.她踌躇着不知买哪一个好。
7.我不知道怎么办？
8.他们要了解下一步干什么。
练习九：把下列句子翻译成英语
我不知道我确实知道该写什么。
她不知道该选择哪一个。
五岁时我开始学 游泳。
能会考虑买什么东西的。
动词第十型：
动词+名词或代词+连接代词或副词+to+动词不定式
主语+动词 间接宾语 连接词 动词不定式
1 I hope you’ll advise me what to do.
2 No one could tell me where to get the book.
3 They’ll teach us how to repair it
4 We showed him how to get there.
5 Please tell me which to take.
6 Tell him where to come or not

要求这种句型的动词有:
ask, advise, show, teach, tell, etc.
被动结构为:
We shall be taught how to repair it.
He was shown how to do it.
例句翻译：
1.我希望你给我出个主意怎么办好。
2.没有人能告诉我哪儿能搞到这本书
8.他们会教我们怎样修它。
4.我们指给了他到那儿怎么走。
5.请告诉我拿哪个。
6.告诉他要不要来。
练习十：把下列句子翻译成英语
他没有在字典中找到这个字的读音。
你能给我出个主意买哪个吗?
这些句型教给你怎样造句。
他教他们学文化。
他们告诉他什么时候开始。
动词第十一型：
动词 +（that）从句
主语+动词 （that）从句
1 I think (that)he will be back soon.
2 I believe (that)the boy is clever
3 He says (that) he has failed in the exam.
4 I hope (that)you will come.
5 I suppose (that)you will be here.
6 He saw (that)the plan was useless.
7 I guess (that)he will be back in an hour.
admit, agree, believe, command, demand, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, imagine, insist, know, notice, order, propose, say, see, suggest, suppose, think, wish, wonder, etc.
1.我想他很快就会回来的。
2.我相信这孩子很聪明。
3.他说他这次考试没及格。
4.我希望你会来。
5.我认为你会在这儿。
6.他看出那计划没有用。
7我猜他过一小时就会回来。
练习十一：把下列句子翻译成英语
他说他比以前好多了。
他解释说毫无办法。
我建议他早点动身。
他认为我们不必着急。
我相信我们篮球队会赢。
动词第十二型：
动词+名词或代词+（that）从句

主语+动词 名词或代词 （that）从句
1 She reminded me (that)I had a meeting to attended.
2 I warned him (that)he would be late.
3 He told me (that)he was wrong.
4 He told His mother (that)he was leaving the next day.
例句翻译：
1。她提醒我有个会要参加。
2.我曾警告他会迟到的。
3.他告诉我他错了。
4.他告诉母亲他第二天动身。
练习十二：把下列句子翻译成英语
他告诉我他有篇作文要写。
我告诉那位年轻人我们已认识近二十年了。
我们自信那计划会行得通。重现
我警告他们别在这样薄的冰上溜冰。
他答应我，他去。
动词第十三型：
动词+连接代词或副词+从句
主语+动词 连接词 从句
1 Do you know which film they are talking about?
2 I wonder why he hasn’t come yet.
3 I wonder whether(if) he will come back soon.
4 I don’t mind where we go
5 Do you know how many They’ve made?
6 Nobody knows whose It is
7 Do you know whom they are waiting for?
8 I don’t care what you think.
9 He asked how old I was.
例句翻译：
1.你知道他们在谈论哪部电影吗?
2.我奇怪他为什么还没来。
3.我不知他是否会很快回来。
4.我们到哪里，我无所谓。
5.你知道他们已经做了多少了吗?
6.没人知道那是谁的。
7.你知道他们在等谁吗?
8.我不管你怎么想。
9.他问我多大了。
练习十三：把下列句子翻译成英语
他问谁能回答这个问题。
老师问我们多少人将参加运动会。
母亲问我们班，上谁的发音最好。
你能告诉我你父亲在和谁谈话吗?
你知道我考试及格了吗?
动词第十四型：
动词+名词或代词+连接代词或副词+从句
主语+动词 名词或代词 连接词 从句
1 She asked Tom what it was.
2 Ask him where he put it.
3 Can you tell me how high it was?
4 Please advise me when we should be back.
5 They asked us when we should be back.
6 Tell me when the train leaves.
例句翻译：
1.她问汤姆那是什么。
2.问他把它放在哪儿了。
3.你能告诉我它有多高吗?
4.请指教我该读哪本书。
5.他们问我们何时回来。
6.告诉我火车什么时候开。
练习十四：把下列句子翻译成英语
他问我前天晚上是否见过他。
她问我多大了。
大夫问她，服了什么药。
你可以问那边那个人到汽车站怎么走。
他告诉了她几点钟了。
动词第十五型：
动词+动名词
主语+动词 动名词
1 Please stop talking.
2 He enjoys playing football.
He avoided giving us a definite answer.
Excuse my coming later.
Do you mind opening the door?
I couldn’t help laughing.
They had better postpone discussing it till next week.
He suggested spending the evening with them.
要求这种句型的常用动词有:
admit, avoid, can't help, delay，enjoy, excuse, finish, mind, miss, postpone, practise, require, stop, suggest, etc.
注意:
1.比较: We stopped to talk.
( = stopped doing something in order to talk)
我们把所有的事情停下来以便谈话。
例句翻译：
1.请不要讲话了。
2.他爱踢足球。
3.他避免给我们作肯定回答。
4.请原谅我来晚了。
5.请打开门好吗?
6.我忍不住笑了起来。
7.他们最好把这件事推到下星期再讨论。
8.他建议今晚和他们一块儿过。
练习十五：把下列句子翻译成英语
当你看到这些金字塔时，你不禁会感到惊奇，奴隶们是怎样把它们建成的。
你写完作文了吗?
你们不要迟迟不派拖拉机来。
每天晚上她练习弹钢琴。
他承认做错了事。
动词第十六型：
动词+动名词（=to+动词不定式）
主语+动词 动名词或动词不定式
1 He begin talking(to talk).
2 I like swimming(=to swim).
3 I propose making(to make)a change in the plan.
4 He started packing(to pack)his books.
5 I prefer walking to cycling.
英语中部分动词后，可以用动名词作宾语，也可以用动词不定式。 有时，这两种结构之间的 差别不太大。
这些常用动词有:
begin, can't bear, continue, hate, like, love, refer, start, etc.
但有些却有不同的意思。这些动词有:
forget, need, regret, remember, try, want, etc .
试比较:
I remember seeing him once somewhere.我记得在哪儿见过他。（做过的事）
I must remember to take my English book with me。我必须记住带英语书去。（要做的事）
She doesn't want to come. 她不想来。（想做某事）
The watch wants cleaning. 表该擦油了。（需要做某事）
例句翻译：
1.他开始谈话。
2.我喜欢游泳。
8.我建议把计划作一些改动。
4.他开始将他的书整理装箱。
5.我情愿步行，不爱骑车。
练习十六：把下列句子翻译成英语
爱迪生十二岁时，开 始在火车上卖糖果、夹心面包和报纸。
麻烦你，真对不起。
在寒冬的晚上，我宁愿呆在室内。
你开始工作了吗?
他已经把这件事做了，但是忘了。
这件事他忘记告诉他了。


练习答案
练习一答案：
I've got a bad headache.。
He can't speak Japanese.
He shook the jar, but could hear nothing.
Everybody must obey the rules of the school.
When birds, fish and people eat the grain, drink the water or breathe the air, harm will be done to their health.
练习二答案：
Soon a wind?began?to?blow?and?it became colder?and?colder.
The?students?wish to learn?some?new?English songs.
You'll?remember?to?buy?me?some stamps, won't?you?
Don't?forget?to?turn?off?the?light?before?Vo1eave?the?room.
Our?teacher?has?decided?not?to?come?to meeting.
练习三答案：
The teacher asked us to learn the text by heart.
Your father helped me to carry the box upstairs.
We can't expect him to get everything ready foe us.
We begged him not to punish the boy.
Who taught you to sing the song?
练习四答案：
The land lord often made him get daybreak.
Don't forget to have him come.
He felt his heart beat fast
Don't let the bird f1y away.
None of us noticed him leave the room.
Someone was heard to knock at the door three times.
练习五答案：
Soon?we?can?see?steam?rising?from?the?wet clothes.
The two men had their lights burning all night 1ong.
He saw people coming and going.
You can feel the air coming against your face.
When she woke up, she found herself lying on hospital bed.
Don't keep him waiting.
I saw the man crossing the road.
I saw the man cross the road.
(注意与上句对照)
Soon steam can be seen rising from the wet clothes,

练习六答案：
This kind of thing makes you angry.
They painted the walls white.
That'll leave the whole
I found the room empty.
He made it clear that he would not join us in the work.
练习七答案：
He made London the base for his revolutionary work.
We found him a very suitable person for the job.
That year my mother died, leaving me an orphan.
The workers made him head of the workshop.
I thought your sister quite a clever girl.
练习八答案：
When the kings had the Pyramids built for them,
they perhaps never imagined this would happen.
They had never heard English spoken before,
I want the matter discussed at the meeting ”
They saw the city destroyed in the earth quake.
We found our house broken into and our TV set taken away.
练习九答案：
I really don't know what to write about?
She doesn’t know which to choose.
At the age of five, began to learn how swim.
He'll consider what to buy
I’ve forget how to spell the word.
练习十答案：
They told him when to start.
Can you advise me which to buy?
The patterns show you how to make sentences.
He taught them how to write and read.
The dictionary didn't tell him how to pronounce the word.
练习十一答案：
He said (that) he was much better than before,
He explained (that) he should leave early.
I suggested (that) he should leave early.
He doesn’t expect we need worry.
I believe our basket-ball team will win。
练习十二答案：
He promised me that he would go.
We satisfied ourselves that the plan would work.
I warned them that they shouldn't go skating on such thin ice,
I told the young man (that) we had known each other for about twenty years.
练习十三答案：
Do?you?know?if?I?passed?the?quiz?
Our teacher asks how many of us were going to take part in the sports meet.
Mother?asked?whose?pronunciation?was?the best?in?our?class.
Can?you?tell?me?whom?your?father?is?talking with?
He asked who could answer the question.
练习十四答案：
He?asked?me?whether?I?had?seen?him?the night before.
She?asked?me?how?old?I?was.
He?told?her?what?time?it?was.
You?may?ask?the?man?over?there?how you can get?to?the?bus?stop.
The?doctor?asked?her?what?medicine?she had taken,
练习十五答案：
When you 1ook at the pyramids, you can’t help wondering how the slaves were able to build them.
Have you finished writing your composition?
You mustn't delay sending the tractors over.
He admitted having done wrong.
She practises playing the piano every evening.
练习十六答案：
At the age of twelve, Edison began selling candy, sandwiches and newspapers on a train.
I hate troubling you( 或to trouble you )
I prefer staying (或to stay ) indoors on cold winter evenings.
Have you started working yet?
He forgot telling her about it.
He forgot to tell her about it.








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