2019年中考英语二轮复习语法精讲课件：被动语态(共36张PPT)

课件36张PPT。中考语法考前精讲——被动语态我吃了一个苹果， 那现在苹果怎样了？
苹果被…
苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态We speak English.主语谓语宾语主动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的 执行者。谓语speak的动作是由主语we执行的，即主语是是谓语动词所表示动作的执行者。两种语态English is spoken by many people.主语谓语宾语被动语态主语English是谓语动词speak所表示的动作的承受者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。We clean our classroom every day.
我们每天打扫教室。 主动语态Our classroom is cleaned every day.
我们的教室每天被打扫。 被动语态英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
二、被动语态的基本构成：
be+动词的过去分词（be+done)
be随着人称，时态和数的变化而变化1）.一般现在时am/is/are +done We clean the classroom every day.
The classroom is cleaned by us every day.He put on a coat.
A coat was put on by him.2）.一般过去时was/were+doneHe made the kite.
The kite was made by him.3）.一般将来时 shall/will /be going to+ be done They will plant trees tomorrow.
Trees will be planted by them tomorrow
He is going to write a letter to his mother.
A letter is going to be written to his mother by him.
4）.现在完成时has /have +been doneJim has finished the work.
The work has been finished by Jim.

5）.含有情态动词的被动语态can/may/must/should +be done
I can find him.
He can be found by me.三、被动语态的用法1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。The windoe was broken last night.
Rice is grown in the south of China.
Many trees should be planted every year.每年都应该种更多的树。2. 强调或突出动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。世界上越来越多的人说汉语。
Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.3. 动作不是由人发出的。
许多房屋被冲走了。
Many houses were washed away by the flood.四、主动语态变被动语态的方法We speak English.主语谓语宾语English is spoken by us.主语谓语宾语宾变主,主变宾,前加by主动语态被动语态?1. Tom broke the window.??
??
The window was broken by Tom.
? 2.He broke the windows.?
???
The windows were broken by him.
Be要随着主语变逻辑主语by来引
Exercise:
He rides the motorbike to his factory every day.The motorbike is ridden to his factory every day.Exercise:
We call the snowman Mr. Strong.The snowman is called Mr. Strong. Exercise:
He bought some fruits yesterday. Some fruits were bought yesterday.主动语态变被动语态的方法 （主语） （宾语）
主动语态：动作的执行者+谓语动词的主动形式+动作的承受者
被动语态：动作的承受者+谓语动词的被动形式+动作的执行者
（主语） （宾语）说明：
（1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。
（2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由by引导。
（3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。主动语态中，使役动词（make, let, have）,感官动词（see, hear, watch, feel,notice）后面跟省略to的不定式，变为被动语态时，要加上不定式符号to.
I saw him open the door just now.刚才我看见他进屋了（主动语态）
He was seen to open the door just now.补充部分2. 主动结构表被动意义①open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,
cut,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义。This kind of shirt sells well.
The pen writes smoothly.② cost, fit, agree with (气候，食物等适合于）使用主动表被动。
The book costs me twenty yuan.
3.系动词没有被动形式 look,sound,taste,smell,feel等系动词用主动表被动意义。
例： It smells wonderful.
Mooncakes taste delicious.
3. 在be worth doing中,doing表被动意义。
例：This book is worth reading.4. want/need/require+doing =want/need/require+to be done
例：My bike needs repairing.
=My bike needs to be repaired.
我的自行车需要修理。
happen, take place, break out,have ,belong to. 课堂练习
（一）改写句子
1. We plant trees in spring every year.
_________________ by us in spring every year.
2. She posted the letter yesterday.
____________________ by her yesterday.
3. Mr Turner gave me a birthday present.
_______________a birthday present by Mr Turner.
5. You may hand in your homework tomorrow.
______________________________ by you tomorrow.
6. She is going to write a letter.
__________________________ by her.Trees are plantedThe letter was postedI was givenYour homework may be handed inA letter is going to be written?1. If city noises ____ from increasing，people ____ shout
to be heard even at dinner． ??A． are not kept；will have to??B． are not kept；have??? ?C． do not keep；will have to??? ?D． do not keep；have to? ??2. The fifth generation computers, ____and
perfected now. ?A. developed B. have developed ?C. are being developed D. will have been developed?3. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off． ??? --- Yes，it all depends on the weather． ?? ?A． I've been told ??B． I've told ?C． I'm told ???? D． I told
ACA4. I need one more stamp before my collection ___. ?A. has completed ?? B. completes ?C. has been completed ?D. is completed ?5. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed
that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. ?A. cut ???? B. are cut ?C. are being cut ??? D. had been cut ?6. The new bridge ___ by the end of last month.? ?A. has been designed??????? ?B. had been designed ?C. was designed ?? ??D. would be designed7. When part of a pencil is in a glass of water,
it looks as if it ____.? ?A. breaks ??? ? B. has broken ?C. was broken???????????? ?D. had been broken ?
DCBC8. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___.?? ?A. have been taken place; have been set up ?B. have taken place; have been set up?C. have taken place; have set up? ?D. were taken place; were set up?9. That suit __ over 60 dollars.?? ?A. had costed? B. costed C. is costed D. cost?10. --- Look! Everything here is under construction. ? ????? --- What’s the pretty small house that __ for??A. is being built ?? B. has been built ?C. is built ?? ?D. is building ?11.--- Do you like the cloth?????? --- Yes, it ___ very soft. ?A. is feeling ? ?B. felt ??C. feels?? ?D. is felt
BDAC12. It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese． ?A． write ???B． to write ?C． to be written? ??D． written ?13. I have no more letters ____ ，thank you． ?A． to type????? ?? B． typing ?C． to be typed? ??D． typed?14. Take care! Don’t drop the ink on your shirt,
for it __ easily. ?A. won’t wash out ?B. won’t be washed out ?C. isn’t washed out ?D. isn’t washing out?15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because
the lights happened to ___. ?A. be put up ??B. give in ?C. be turned on ??D. go out
BCAD16. The computers on the table ___ Professor Smith.? ?A. belongs ??? B. are belonged to ?C. belongs to ?? D. belong to?17. --- What do you think of the book????????---Oh, excellent. It’s worth ___ a second time.? ?A. to read ?B. to be read C. reading D. being read?18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___.? ? A. catching ?? B. to be caught ?C. being caught ??D. to catch? ??19. This page needed ___ again.??A. being checked ?B. checked ?C. to check ?? D. to be checked ?20. ___ many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do it.
A. Having taught ? B. Having been taught ?C. taught ??? D. Teaching?
DCCDB