高中英语 人教版 必修4 Unit 1 Women of achievement Part6 Grammar 课件（39张）

课件39张PPT。 英语中，谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致，这种现象称作“主谓一致”。
主谓语一致需要遵循三个基本原则。
［熟读深思］
仔细阅读下列句子，归纳主谓语一致三个原则的用法。
原则一：语法形式一致原则。即主语单复数形式与谓语要一致。1. Land is valuable. Not an inch of land is allowed to lie waste. 土地是宝贵的，一寸土地也不能让它浪费。
2. Helping others is helping yourself. 帮助别人就是帮助自己。
3. Whether they will be sent there hasn’t been decided yet.还未决定是否派他们去那儿。Group A［归纳］句1，句2 和句3 分别用 _______ ____, ____________和 _________作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，相同用法的还有单数可数名词，动词不定式(短语)作主语时，谓语动词也要用单数形式。主语从句动名词(短语)4. I’ve just been informed that my luggage has arrived. 我刚接到通知说我的行李已经运到了。
5. Advertising is one of the biggest businesses in America. 广告是美国最大的行业之一。Group B［归纳］句子中的luggage和advertising是集合意义的不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用_______形式。相同用法的不可数名词还有travel/travelling，clothing, furniture，equipment， information等。单数 6. Has everybody finished their drinks? 每个人都喝完饮料了吗？
7. Nothing remains of the old house but the cellar hole. 老房子除了这个狭小简陋的酒窖之外什么也没留下。Group C［归纳］句子中的everybody 和nothing
是不定代词，作主语时，谓语动词用_____形式。相同用法的不定代词还有something, someone, anything, anybody (即由every，some，any，no等构成的不定代词)等。单数 8. The teacher with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。
9. He as well as I wants to go boating. 他和我都想去划船。Group D［归纳］
句8, 句9中的主语The teacher和He后面分别接说明主语的修饰语with some students 和as well as I，但谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持与主语一致的关系。这种修饰语还有_____________________________________________________________________________等。10. Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。
11. Bread and butter is nutritious. 奶油面包是有营养的。
12. The professor and writer is to come to the meeting. 那位教授兼作家要来参加会议。Group E［归纳］
由and， both …and 连接的两个名词或代词作主语时，如果表示的人或物是不同的，或表示其他不同的观念时，谓语动词用_____形式; 如果表示的是同一人或物、同一观念时，谓语动词用_____形式。单数复数13. Each student and each teacher was given a ticket. 每个学生和老师都发了一张票。
14. Many a man and woman wishes that he or she had a better education. 许多人都希望自己受到良好的教育。
［归纳］两个并列的名词前如果有each， every， no， many a 等修饰时，谓语动词用 _____形式。Group F单数 15. Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱花在书上了。
16. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分学生积极参与体育运动。Group G［归纳］
分数或百分数+of …，the rest of …, the majority of …，half of …, some of …，all of …，most of … 等作主语时, 谓语动词的形式通常与of 后面的名词或短语_________。保持一致原则二：语言意义一致原则。即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
Group A
1. The cattle are in the shed. 牛在牛棚里。
2. The police are searching for him. 警方正在找他。［归纳］
表示总称意义的名词, 如people， police，force，folk，beast，cattle， youth 等作主语时, 谓语动词用 ____形式。复数 3. His family isn’t very large. 他家成员不多。
4. His family are music lovers. 他家个个都是音乐爱好者。
［归纳］集体名词作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用 ____ 形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用 _____形式。此类名词有family，class, group，________________________________ _________________________________________________________等。Group B单数复数5. The species of fish are numerous. 鱼的种类很多。
6. This species of rose is very rare. 这种玫瑰很稀少。
［归纳］单复数形式相同的名词作主语，谓语动词应根据意义决定单复数。此类词常见的有：species，crossroads，______
___________________________。Group C7. None of the telephones is/are working. 没有一部电话不是坏的。
8. None of the information about him has been received. 关于他的消息一点也没收到。
［归纳］none of 后面如果连接的是不可数名词，谓语动词用 _____形式；如果后面接的是可数名词，则谓语动词既可用_____形式，也可用_____ 形式。Group D复数 单数单数9. All is Ok. 一切顺利。
10. All are present. 所有人都到齐了。
［归纳］代词all作主语指人时谓语动词用_____形式，指抽象事物时用_____形式。Group E单数 复数原则三：就近一致原则。即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的名词或代词的单复数。
Group A
1. Either you or she is to go. 不是你去, 就是她去。
2. Not only the children but also the father likes watching TV. 不但孩子而且父亲也喜欢看电视。［归纳］
由连词 ______________________
_________，not …but …， neither … nor …，or连接并列主语时, 谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。3. Here is a pen， a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你一支笔，几个信封和一些纸。
4. There is a lamp， two pens and six books on the desk. 桌子上有一盏灯，两支钢笔和六本书。
［归纳］由here， there等引导的倒装句中，谓语动词与其后的主语 ________； 如果主语是多个并列的主语，谓语动词与其最相邻的主语 ________。Group B保持一致保持一致一、用be的适当形式填空。
1. Nothing but cars ___sold in the shop.
因有连词but，所以谓语形式跟Nothing一致，用第三人称单数。
2. Seventy percent of the students in our school _____from the countryside.
百分数作主语，谓语动词的形式通常与of 后面的名词或短语保持一致。isare3. The number of the people invited ____fifty， but a number of them _____absent for different reasons.
因为The number of ...(……的数量)作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式；而a number of ...表示“许多……” 所以谓语动词用复数形式。
4. A poet and artist ___coming to speak to us about painting tomorrow afternoon.
A poet and artist指“诗人兼画家”，所以谓语动词用单数形式。iswaswere5. The whole family _____watching TV.
family是集体名词，强调个体，所以谓语动词用复数形式。
6. Walking and riding ____good exercises.
walking and riding (步行和骑车)是不同的概念，所以谓语动词用复数形式。areare7. Going to bed early and getting up early __a good habit.
Going to bed early and getting up early表示同一概念，所以谓语动词用单数形式。
8. Your shoes ____ black.
shoes 为复数名词，所以谓语动词用复数形式。isare9. This pair of trousers __too long for him.
“pair/piece/kind of+名词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词与pair， piece， kind 等词的形式保持一致。常见名词有trousers， glasses， gloves， shoes， slippers 等。
10. What we need ____doctors.
what在句中指代复数名词doctors， 所以谓语动词用复数形式。isare二、动词填空 1. Either your students or Mr. Wang _______
(know) this.
either ...or ...连接两个并列主语，谓语动词根据就近原则来判断。
2. Each boy and each girl _______(want) to
serve the people in future.
两个并列的名词前如果有each， every， no， many a 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。knowswants3. Many a ship ____________(damage) in the storm.
many a+单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
4. More than one student ________(see) the film.
more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。was damagedhas seen5. Between the two windows ______ (hang) a picture.
在倒装句中, 谓语动词的形式与其后的主语保持一致。
6. Those who ______(want) to go please sign your name here.
定语从句的谓语动词根据先行词作变化。hangswant7. The blind _______(study) in special school.
表示类别的the+形容词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
8. So far，every possible means ___________ (try) to save the miners stuck in the mine.
means为单复数形式相同的名词，而且every 接单数名词，所以谓语动词用单数形式。has been triedstudy9. When and where to build the new factory ___________________(not decide) yet.
动词不定式(短语)作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
10. Ten minutes ______ (seem) an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.
当主语为表示距离、时间、长度、价值、金额、重量等的复数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。has not been decidedseems三、完成句子 1. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。
The iron and steel industry ________
__________________.
2. 他似乎没理解我的意思，这使我心烦。
He seems not to have grasped what I meant，which ________________.greatly upsets me3. 许多男孩喜欢踢足球。
Many a boy ___________________.
4. 到目前为止，这两条新铁路线的工程建设已经结束。
The construction of the two new railway lines __________________ by now.has been completedlikes playing football5. 除经理以外，所有的职员都被鼓励在家中通过网络联机工作。
All the employees except the manager ____
__________________________ at home.
6. 他是唯一一个连续三年获得奖学金的学生。
He is the only one of the students who ____
________________________ for three years. 7. 每一名学生都在努力学习功课，希望能够升入大学。
Each of the students，working hard at his or her lessons, ____________________.
8. 与我一样，简和玛丽厌倦了一次又一次的考试。
Not only I but also Jane and Mary ______
____________________________________.hopes to go to university9. 他的“诗选”于1999年第一次出版。
His Selected Poems _________________ in 1999.
10. 你的裤子太脏了，应该马上洗洗。
Your trousers ____________that you should __________ at once.wash themwas first publishedare so dirty