Module 9 Great inventions 教材全解课件+练习课件（共175张PPT）

课件175张PPT。??Module 9　Great inventions
知识点一????put up的用法
教材原文????They'll be put up on the school website.它们(照片)将被公布在学校的网站上。
put up意为“公布;张贴”,是由“动词+副词”构成的动词短语,接代词作宾语时,要把代词放在动词和副词之间。如:
Put up “No smoking” signs in your house and work area.
在你家里和工作区域张贴“禁止吸烟”的标识。
Write it down, and put it up on your wall.
把这写下来,贴在你的墙上。 例1????(2018湖北荆州中考)—We are planning a Yangtze River Perfection Day this weekend. Do you have any advice?
—You'd better 　　???? signs around the school to tell all the students about that.
A.make up　　B.put up
C.set up 　　D.show up
解析????考查动词短语辨析。句意:——这个周末我们计划过一个“长江完美日”。你有什么建议吗?——你最好在全校张贴公告让所有的学生都知道那件事。make up编造;put up张贴,搭起;set up建立;show up出现,露面。根据signs 可知是“张贴公告”。故选B。
答案????B
知识点二????hear from的用法
教材原文????When I was at school, we waited for weeks to hear from our pen friends abroad.我在上学时,我们要等数周才能收到我们国外笔友的来信。
hear from sb.意为“收到某人的信件(或电子邮件、电话等);得到某人的消息”,当表示“收到某人的信件”时,相当于get a letter from sb.。hear from的宾语是“人”,而不是“信”。如:
Have you heard from Mary?
你收到玛丽的来信了吗?
It was a pleasure to hear from you.
很高兴收到你的来信。例2????根据A句完成B句,使其意思相同或相近,每空一词
A:Carl has just heard from his pen friend.
B:Carl has just　　???? a letter 　　???? his pen friend.
解析　本题考查hear from的用法。hear from意为“收到某人的来信”,相当于get/receive a letter from sb.,由于原句是现在完成时,故改写句的谓语动词也要用相应的时态。
答案　got/received;from
知识点三????It be+形容词(+for/of sb.)+to do...的用法
教材原文　...it's easy to get information on the Internet.……在互联网上获取信息很容易。
此句为“It be+形容词(+for/of sb.)+to do...”结构。
it是形式主语,动词不定式短语to get...是真正的主语,这个句子可写成:...to get information on the Internet is easy.如:
It's good to help each other.
=To help each other is good.
互相帮助是有益的。
(1)如果作主语的不定式短语太长,则通常采用本句型。将it置于句首,而将真正的主语放在后面,以避免“头重脚轻”的现象。
(2)介词for/of后面的宾语可看作是后面动词不定式的逻辑主语。如: It is important for everyone to keep healthy.
对每个人来说,保持健康很重要。
It's very kind of you to take the trouble to help me.
你真好,不嫌麻烦地来帮助我。例3????(2018广西河池中考)—Could I go swimming with my friend, Dad?
—No, it's very dangerous for you kids 　　???? swimming without adults.
A.go　　B.going　　C.to go　　D.went
解析　考查固定结构。句意:——爸爸,我可以和我的朋友去游泳吗?——不可以。对于你们孩子来说,在没有大人的看护下去游泳是很危险的。It's+形容词+for sb. to do sth.意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”,为固定结构。故选C。
答案????C
易错点????borrow和lend的用法辨析注意????
borrow和lend都是非延续性动词,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果要表示借多长时间,要用延续性动词keep或have。如:
You may keep this book for one month.
这本书你可以借一个月。例4???You must return the books to the library be-cause you 　　???? them for more than two weeks.
A.have lent　　B.have borrowed
C.have kept
解析????考查动词的用法。句意:你必须把书归还给图书馆,因为你已经借了两个多星期了。lend借出;borrow借入;borrow和lend都是短暂性动词,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,keep保留,是延续性动词,可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。故选C。
答案????C
知识点四????look through的用法
教材原文????Every evening, my mother looks through magazines at home. 每天晚上,我妈妈都在家翻阅杂志。
look through的基本含义有:
(1)透过……看去;穿过……看去
Look through this window and you'll see a beautiful garden.
透过这扇窗户你会看到一个美丽的花园。
(2)浏览;快速查看
She spent the whole night looking through the students' homework.她花了整晚的时间快速查看学生的作业。例1　 4G Internet makes it possible for us to????　????the information easily and quickly.
A.look like　　B.look after
C.look around　　D.look through
解析????句意:4G网络使我们能简单、快捷地浏览信息。本题考查动词短语辨析。look like看起来像;look after照顾;look around向四周看;look through浏览。故选 D 项。
答案????D
知识点五????as a result的用法
教材原文????As a result, there were not many books, and they were expen-sive.这样一来,书籍数量不多,价格又贵。
as a result意为“结果;因此”,后面指事情的结果。如:
He got up late today. As a result, he missed the first bus.
他今天起晚了,结果没赶上第一班公共汽车。归纳拓展????
as a result of为介词短语,意为“作为……的结果;由于……”,其后常接名词或名词性短语,表示原因。相当于because of。如:
He was late as a result of the snow.
由于下雪他迟到了。例2　 根据汉语完成句子,每空一词
因此,我们不得不给菜园浇水。
　　???? 　　???? 　　????, we have to water the vegetable garden.
答案　As a result
知识点六????比较级的修饰词
教材原文????Someone with an Internet connection can find information much more easily than they can find it in printed forms.人们通过互联网寻找信息比在印刷品上寻找信息容易得多。
much more easily容易得多
在比较级的前面经常使用much、still、even、a lot、a little、a bit等词或短语,以加强比较的程度和语气,使意思更加明确。如:
You seem even more beautiful than usual today.
你今天好像比平时更漂亮。
It is cold now, but it'll be still colder tonight.
现在很冷,但今晚更冷。例3????(2018广西玉林中考)—Lisa, how is your cousin?
—He is 　　???? now. Thank you.
A.more healthier 　　B.much healthier
C.very healthier　　D.healthiest????
解析????考查比较级的用法。句意:——莉萨,你表弟怎么样了?——他现在好多了,谢谢你。由句意可知,此处应是现在和过去相比较,故应用比较级;healthy的比较级是healthier,修饰比较级可用much,very与more不能修饰比较级,故选B。
答案????B
知识点七????compare...to...把……比作……
教材原文????In a way, we can compare the invention of paper and printing to the introduction of the Internet in the twentieth century. 在某种程度上,我们可以将纸和印刷术的发明比作20世纪出现的互联网。
compare...to...把……比作……,一般用于两个不同性质的事物比较。如:
He compares the girl to the moon in the poem.
他在诗中把那个姑娘比作月亮。例4　根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词
他们都开始把他比作雷锋。
They all started to　　???? 　　???? 　　???? Lei Feng.
答案????compare him to
易错点????at a time、at one time和at times的用法辨析例5????(2019天津北仓二中月考)The man is strong and he can carry three big bags 　　????.
A.at that time　　B.for a time
C.at a time　　D.from time to time
解析????考查短语辨析。句意:那个人非常强壮,他每次能扛三个大袋子。at that time在那时;for a time 一段时间;at a time每次,一次;from time to time有时,不时。由句意可知选C。
答案????C
被动语态(3)
1.一般将来时的被动语态的构成:
(1)一般将来时的被动语态的肯定式:will+be+done。如:
We will be punished if we break the rules.
如果我们违反规定,我们将会受到惩罚。
The new film will be shown next Thursday.
这部新电影将在下周四上映。
(2)一般将来时的被动语态的否定式:will+not+be+done。(will not可缩写成won't)。如:The meeting won't be held tomorrow.
明天不会举行会议。
The exhibition won't be put off till next week.
展览不会被推迟到下周。
(3)一般将来时的被动语态的一般疑问句需将will提到主语的前面。(回答用yes或no)如:
—Will the work be finished at once?
——这项工作会立刻被完成吗?
—Yes,it will be.
——是的,它会立刻被完成。
(4)一般将来时的被动语态的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+will+主语+be+done?如:
When will these books be published?
这些书将在什么时候被出版?
Whom will this book be written by?
将来谁会写这本书呢?
2.一般将来时的被动语态的其他结构:
(1)be going to be done
The problem isn't going to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.这个问题将不会在明天的会议上被讨论。
—Are these trees going to be cut down?
——这些树将被砍倒吗?—Yes,they are.
——是的,它们将被砍倒。
(2)be to be done
The sports meet is to be held on April 10th.
运动会将于4月10日举行。
The machines are not to be repaired tonight.
今晚这些机器不会被修理。
3.一般将来时的被动语态的用法:
(1)一般将来时的被动语态表示根据计划或安排将要发生的被动性动作。如:
A lot of athletes will be invited to Beijing.许多运动员将被邀请到北京来。
(2)在条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时的被动语态代替一般将来时的被动语态。如:
If I am given enough time,I will go to Japan for my holiday.
如果给我足够的时间,我将去日本度假。例1????(2018山东莱芜中考)—Laiwu has developed a lot in the last few years.
—Yes. And the high-speed rail 　　???? in 2020.
A.completes　　B.is completed
C.will be completed　　D.will complete
解析????考查时态和语态。句意:——在过去的几年里,莱芜发展变化很大。——是的,而且在2020年高铁将要建成。主语the high-speed rail和谓语动词complete之间是被动关系,in 2020是表示将来的时间状语,谓语动词要用一般将来时的被动语态will be completed。故选C。
答案????C
例2????(2018新疆乌鲁木齐中考)—Can you go to the movies with me tonight?
—I have to ask my mum. If I 　　????, I will go with you.
A.allow　　B.allowed
C.am allowed　　D.was allowed
解析????考查时态和语态。句意:——今晚你可以和我一起去看电影吗?——我得问问我妈妈。如果我被允许,我会和你一起去。此处为if引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”的原则,先排除B、D两项;又结合句意可知应为被动语态,故选C。
答案????C
素养呈现　 本模块的话题是谈论发明和变化。其核心素养涉及培养学生的科学素养和创造力。
素养解读　通过本模块的学习,让学生们对科学研究成果、科学发展前沿、科学的不同领域有所了解,激发他们对科技活动和科技学习的兴趣。
创新与创造力是培养学生科学素养的重要目标和方向,要求初中学生具有创新意识与批判精神。典例剖析????
例3????请阅读下面短文,从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中,选出一个最佳选项。
　　High-speed trains, Alipay(支付宝), shared bikes and online payment are seen as the new Four Great Achievements of China by young foreign-ers, according to a video survey by the Silk Road Research Institute of Bei-jing Foreign Studies University. In the video, young people from 20 coun-tries along Belt and Road Routes(一带一路)were asked to name great in-ventions that had influenced their lives in China. The following is what they said from 4 young people of them.?
1.What does Justin think of the high-speed railways in China according to his words?
A.Fast and tidy.
B.Convenient and wonderful.C.Cheap and amazing.
2.What do“A”and“B”refer to(指)in Yala's words?
A.Two bikes.　　B.Two riders.　　C.Two places.
3.What does the underlined phrase“be in a tough spot”mean?
A.Get into trouble.
B.Lose your way.
C.Stay in silence.
4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the above information?
A.Bicycle-sharing system provides bikes for free.
B.There're no high-speed railways in Romania now.
C.Zhi Fu Bao is the only way of paying for things.5.What conclusion(结论)can we draw about the new four great achieve-ments?
A.They were created by young foreign people.
B.They are the signs that China is improving rapidly.
C.They were brought to the countries along Belt and Road Routes.答案????
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。通过来自罗马尼亚、尼泊尔、印度、泰国的四位年轻人的描述,可知高铁、支付宝、共享单车和网上支付是中国的新四大成就,它们表明中国正在飞速发展。
1.A　细节理解题。根据Justin的第二句话“...and its high-speed rail-ways are very fast, convenient and tidy.”可知,应该选择A项。
2.C　推理判断题。根据句意“共享单车系统允许人们从A处借一辆自行车,在B处还车。”可知A、B指的是两个地方。
3.A　词义猜测题。根据句意“然而,在印度,如果你不带钱包,你就会陷入困境。”get into trouble陷入困境,lose your way迷路,stay in silence保持沉默,故选A。4.B　细节理解题。根据Justin的最后一句话“我希望有一天在我们的国家我们会拥有高铁。”可知现在在罗马尼亚没有高铁。
5.B　主旨大意题。纵观全文,高铁、支付宝、共享单车和网上支付是中国新四大成就,它们表明中国正在飞速发展。故选B。素养要求　通过介绍中国新的四大成就,使学生认识到中国正处在飞速发展的新时代,鼓励学生认真学习科学文化知识,积极投入到创新与创造活动中去,达到培养学生科学素养的目的。
全练版
Ⅰ.根据句意及首字母或汉语提示写出单词
1.Lisa, pay attention to the i　　????, please! This sweater should be washed by hand in cold water.
2.With the development of science and t　　????, more and more robots are used in factories.
3.I go to museums from time to time to learn what we can't get from t　????????.
4.Please turn to p　　???? 58 and take a look at the picture on it.
5.The computer has a 128M of m　　????.6.Success in study 　　????(主要地) depends on one's own efforts.
7.We needed someone to 　　????(修理) the tape recorder.
8.I like to read books on 　　????(电子的) music.
9.The Internet is more 　　????(有影响力的) than books. It is influencing our lives a lot.
10.The students who are good at writing can always use words 　　????(合适地).
答案　1.instructions　2.technology　3.textbooks　4.page
5.memory　6.mainly　7.fix　8.electronic　9.powerful
10.properly
Ⅱ.单项选择
1.(2018山东潍坊中考)The photos that won the first prize in the competi-tion will be 　　???? on the website.
A.put away　　B.put off　　C.put up　　D.put on
答案????C　考查动词短语辨析。句意:在比赛中获得一等奖的照片将被张贴在网站上。put off推迟,延迟;put away将……收起;put on 穿上;put up张贴,建造。主语photos和动词短语put up构成被动关系,“张贴照片”符合句意,故选C。
2.(2018重庆中考B卷)　　???? people visited Hongyadong, Chongqing on May Day this year.
A.Thousand 　　B.Thousands
C.Thousand of　　D.Thousands of答案????D　考查数词的用法。句意:今年五一国际劳动节成千上万的人参观了重庆洪崖洞。根据语境可知,本句中数词表示概数。thousands of是一个固定搭配,表示概数,意为“成千上万的”。故选D。3.—Jim, may I 　　???? your camera?
—Sure, but you'd better not 　　???? it to others.
A.lend;lend　　B.lend;borrow
C.borrow;borrow　　D.borrow;lend
答案????D　考查动词辨析。borrow借入,常与from搭配;lend借出,常与to搭配。上句句意:吉姆,我可以借你的照相机吗?是指“借入”,而下一句中含有lend的搭配词to,要用lend,故选D。4. If you are over 18 years old, you 　　???? to drive a car in our country.
A.can allow　　B.can't allow
C.can be allowed
答案????C　考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意:如果你已满18岁,在我们国家你会被允许开车的。本句中主语是动作的承受者,因此用被动语态。故选C。
答案????C　考查情景交际。 句意:——你介意我借你的字典吗?——当然不介意,给你。Yes, here you are.是的,给你。No, mine is lost. 不,我的丢了。Certainly not, here you are.当然不介意,给你。Yes, I'd love to.是的,我愿意。根据句意及选项可知选C。5.—Would you mind lending me your dictionary?
—　　????
A.Yes, here you are. B.No, mine is lost.
C.Certainly not, here you are.
D.Yes, I'd love to.
Ⅰ.补全对话
从方框中选择合适的选项补全对话,其中有两项多余。
A:Good morning, Dad! I want to make a project about inventions. Can you help me think of an invention?
B:My pleasure! 　1????
A:Oh, it is really such a great invention.
B:　2????
A:I can't remember when it was invented. I will look it up on the Internet.
B:OK. What do you want to invent in the future?
A:　3????
B:Sounds good. When are you going to finish?A:　4????
B:Good luck to you!
A:　5????
A.A doll who can talk with me when you aren't in.
B.I think it is a useful invention.
C.What about the bicycle?
D.In half a year.
E.It's very nice of you.
F.Thank you.
G.Do you know when it was invented?
1.　　????　2.　　????　3.　　????　4.　　????　5.　　????答案
1.C　根据答语Oh, it is really such a great invention.可知,上文应该是一个特殊疑问句,询问“自行车的发明怎么样?”符合语境。
2.G　根据答语“I can't remember when it was invented.”可知,上句是询问“你知道自行车是什么时候发明的吗?”故选G。
3.A　父亲问“你将来想发明什么?”选项A符合语境。
4.D　根据问句“When are you going to finish?”可知,答语应是“时间”,故选D。
5.F　上句是父亲的祝愿,对于别人的祝愿应该表示感谢。故选F。Ⅱ.选词填空
从方框中选择适当的单词,并用其适当的形式完成短文,每词只能用一次,每空一词。
life　use　they　become　send　person　control　that　safe　with
Since computers were invented in the USA in the 1950s, they have 　1???? very important in many areas of work and leisure. There is no doubt that computers are very 　2???? in the technology and business. In space, com-puters have been used to control the speed and direction of a spaceship. ????3???? the help of computers, doctors can find diseases easily and solve other problems. For example, tiny computers which are inside patients' bodies can keep 　4???? hearts beating normally. In factories, robots are 　5???? by computers that are like human brains. They can do work 　6???? is danger-ous to humans. In business, computers are used to place and cancel orders. They are also making the workplace 　7???? and better.
Since the Internet came into being, people's 　8???? at home have been changed, too. More and more people have 　9???? computers that are used to play games and watch movies. Thanks to the Internet, people can do shopping and do business at home. Instead of writing letters on paper, peo-ple communicate by 　10???? e-mails and chatting online. The whole world is connected. The Internet is making the world smaller, like a village.
???? 2.　　???? 3.　　???? 4.　　???? 5.　　????
6.　　???? 7.　　???? 8.　　???? 9.　　???? 10.　　????
答案????
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。介绍了电脑自发明以来,在商业、科技、工厂以及人们的日常生活当中的广泛应用。互联网正在使世界变得越来越小。
1.become　since是现在完成时的标志词,因此主句用现在完成时态,其结构为has/have+动词的过去分词。故填become。
2.useful　由生活常识可知,电脑在科技和商业领域是非常有用的。故填useful。
3.With　with the help of...意为“在……帮助下”,为固定搭配。
4.their　hearts是名词复数,前面要用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
5.controlled　由句意可知“在工厂里通过像人脑一样的电脑来控制机器人”。机器人和电脑是被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态,is/am/are+动词的过去分词,故填controlled。
6.that　先行词是work,指物时关系代词用 that。
7.safer　and连接相同的成分。由better可知,and前面也应该是比较级,故填safer。
8.lives　由上下文可知,此处是指人们的生活。故用life(生活)的复数形式lives。
9.personal　由句意可知,越来越多的人用个人电脑来玩游戏和看电影。用形容词修饰名词computers,故填personal。
10.sending　介词by+doing表示“通过……方式”,再由e-mails 提示可知,人们通过发送电子邮件和在线聊天的方式交流。故填sending。Ⅰ.根据所给汉语完成句子,每空一词
1.领导像我们这样的一个国家不容易啊!
　　???? 　　???? 　　???? 　　???? lead a country like ours!
2.随着印刷术的发明,广告开始采用新的形式。
　　???? 　　???? 　　???? 　　???? printing, advertising began to take on new forms.
3.很对不起,不过我从来不把它借给任何人。
I'm very sorry, but I never 　　???? 　　???? 　　???? 　　????.
4.别为那件事担心,好好照顾你自己。
Don't worry about that, and 　　???? 　　???? 　　???? 　　???? yourself.
5.在电视上能看到某些好产品。
Some good product 　　???? 　　???? 　　???? on television.
答案????1.It's not easy to　2.With the invention of　3.lend it to anyone????4.take good care of　5.can be seen
Ⅱ.阅读填词
阅读短文,并选择方框中的词或短语用适当形式填空,每个词或短语最多选用一次,有一项是多余的。
such as, and, no, in the end, pay, when, from, add, five, they, secret
Our grandparents seem to have magic powers sometimes. Give them a Chinese lunar calendar　1????they will know what the weather will be like days or even months later.
What's the 　2?????They are following the 24 Solar Terms(节气), which are an important part of Chinese culture. Last year the United Nations　3????it to the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity(人类非物质文化遗产).
The 24 Solar Terms began during the ancient periods. At that time, most Chinese people made 　4????living on farms. So weather changes were im-portant to them. But of course, they had 　5????weather report or the Inter-net to help them.
But people found a way. They studied the sun's movement and also 　6????attention to other natural changes 　7????air temperature, water and plant growth. 　8????, they worked out the 24 Solar Terms to mark the changes.
The terms became their guide to farming work. For example, the solar term jingzhe(惊蛰) is when insects wake up 　9???? a long sleep in the cold win-ter. Farmers take it as a sign of warm weather and get busy working.The 24 Solar Terms are regarded as China's 　10????great invention, after papermaking, printing, the compass and gunpowder. Now, it is still widely used in daily life even in the age of technology-based modern farming.
1.　　????　2.　　????　3.　　????　4.　　????　5.　　????
6.　　????　7.　　????　8.　　????　9.　　????　10.　　????答案????
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们祖先研究太阳的运动,注意自然变化,制定了二十四节气。二十四节气被看作中国的第五大发明。
1.and　句意:给他们一台中国农历日历,他们便会知道几天甚至几个月后的天气情况。前后内容之间是顺承关系,故填and。
2.secret　根据下文的“They are following the 24 Solar Terms”(他们遵循二十四节气)可知这是他们知道天气情况的秘密。故填secret。
3.added　句意:去年联合国把二十四节气添加到人类非物质文化遗产的列表中。分析句子成分可知,此处缺少谓语,add...to sth.意为“把……添加到……中去”;这是去年发生的事,用一般过去时。故填added。4.their　根据文中的“At that time, most Chinese people made 　4???? liv-ing on farms.”可知,当时大多数中国人靠种地来维持他们的生活。make one's living(谋生)为固定搭配,living是名词,之前用形容词性物主代词their。
5.no　根据实际情况可知古人没有天气预报,也没有互联网。故填no。
6.paid　pay attention to注意……,为固定结构。and连接两个并列成分,由and前的studied可知应填paid。
7.such as　根据下文“air temperature, water and plant growth”可知是列举的实例,故填such as。
8.In the end　根据下文“they worked out the 24 Solar Terms to mark the changes.”可知,这是他们最后的成果。故填In the end。9.from　这里指“昆虫从冬眠中醒来”,由此可知填from。
10.fifth　根据下文“after papermaking, printing, the compass and gun-powder”可知在四大发明之后就是第五大发明。故用序数词fifth。Ⅰ.短文填空
　　根据短文内容及首字母提示,在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
Wood-block printing was invented sometime between the 4th century and the 7th c　1???? in China. The earliest book that we have was p　2???? in 868 and was found in a Dunhuang cave. Wood-block printing took a long time because a new block was needed for every p　3???? in the book. By the 11th century printed books could be f　4???? all over China. They included books of Confucius' thoughts, dictionaries, and books on maths. In 1340, books could be printed using two c　5????, black and red.
A　6???? the Chinese learnt about printing so early, printing was not intro-duced to other parts of the world for hundreds of years. It is thought that when the great Italian traveler Marco Polo visited China in the 13th centu-ry, he s　7???? printed books. It is possible that Marco Polo brought that k????8???? to Europe. But printed books did not come to Europe u　9???? 1450 when a German called Johann Gutenberg i　10???? a printing machine. Twenty-four years later, in 1474, an Englishman called William Caxton printed the first printed book in English. His second book was about the game of chess. Caxton printed about a hundred books, and some can still be found today in museums.
1.　　????　2.　　????　3.　　????　4.　　????　5.　　????
6.　　????　7.　　????　8.　　????　9.　　????　10.　　????答案????
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文中介绍了木版印刷的历史和它的发展过程。
1.century　木版印刷是公元4世纪到公元7世纪在中国发明的。
2.published　我们最早的一本书出版于公元868年,是在敦煌的一个山洞里发现的。
3.page　由木版印刷的介绍可知,最初的木版印刷对每一本书的每一页都需要一个新木块。
4.found　随着木版印刷的发展,到11世纪,这些印刷的书在中国到处都能被发现。
5.colors　由后面的“black and red”可知,表示两种颜色。6.Although　句意:尽管中国人了解印刷如此早,但印刷术数百年来没有传到世界别的地方去。由句意可知,表示让步关系,用although引导。
7.saw　马可·波罗来到中国看到了印刷的书。
8.knowledge　由上文可知,马可·波罗有可能把那种知识带到了欧洲。
9.until　not...until...“直到……才……”,为固定短语。
10. invented　由句意可知,在1450年,名叫Johann Gutenberg的德国人发明了印刷机。Ⅱ.阅读理解
No one knows when the first kite was made. The first record of a kite was more than 2,000 years ago in China. Han Xin, the leader of an army, want-ed to bring down a king. He decided to dig a tunnel(隧道)into the king's palace. He flew a kite over the wall of the palace to make sure the length(长度)of its string(线). In this way, he could determine how long the tunnel should be. His men in the tunnel took the kite string with them. When they reached the end of the string, they knew to dig up.
Kites have been flown in Japan for hundreds of years. In the 1700s, kites were flown in autumn to give thanks for a good harvest. They were also flown to send good wishes to couples who had their first son. Today in Japan, kites are often flown as part of a celebration, such as the beginning of a new year. And kite festivals are held each year in many parts of the country.
Kites have been used for scientific purposes in the western world. In 1752, Benjamin Franklin tied a key to a kite and flew it in a storm to find out that lightning was a form of electricity. In the 1890s, Lawrence Hargrave in-vented the box kite to test ideas about flight. From 1898 until 1933, the U-nited States Weather Bureau(气象局)used box kites to collect weather da-ta. The Wright brothers also experimented(试验)with kites. What they learnt helped them make the first airplane flight in 1903.1.Why did Han Xin want to dig a tunnel?
A.To pull down the palace.
B.To fight against the king.
C.To search for the king's treasure.
D.To find out the length of the kite string.
2.What does the underlined word“determine”in Paragraph 1 probably mean in Chinese?
A.测定　　B.选择　　C.了解　　D.考察
3.One of the purposes of flying kites in Japan is 　　????.
A.to give thanks for a good harvest in summer
B.to express good wishes to the first-born daughterC.to celebrate the beginning of a new year
D.to hold kite festivals all over the country
4.When did the United States Weather Bureau begin to use box kites?
A.In 1752.　　B.In 1898.
C.In 1903.　　D.In 1933.
5.What would be the best title for the text?
A.The History of Kites　　B.The Experiments of Kites
C.The Invention of a Kite　　D.The First Record of a Kite答案????
[语篇解读]　你知道世界上第一个风筝是什么时候被制作出来的吗?你知道多年以来人们都用风筝做了哪些事情吗?本文主要介绍了风筝的历史。
1.B　细节理解题。由原文第一段第三、四句“Han Xin, the leader of an army, wanted to bring down a king...the king's palace.”可知韩信挖隧道的目的是击败这个国王,故本题选择B,fight against意为“与……作斗争”。
2.A　词义猜测题。由上文的“He flew a kite over the wall of the palace to make sure the length of its string.”可知韩信把风筝放过宫殿的城墙目的是确定风筝线的长度。用这种方法,他也就测定了隧道应该有多长,由此可知本题选择A。
3.C　细节理解题。由原文第二段中“Today in Japan...such as the be-ginning of a new year.”可知本题选择C。
4.B　细节理解题。由原文第三段中“From 1898 until 1933...to collect weather data.”可知美国气象局从1898年到1933年用箱形风筝收集天气数据,故本题选择B。
5.A　主旨大意题。由本文各段按时间顺序描述风筝在中国、日本、美国的出现、发展及作用等可知本文在讲述风筝的历史,故本题选择A。
Ⅰ.根据句意及首字母提示写出单词
1.He has a large a　　???? of mail to answer every day.
2.The bicycle is an environment-friendly f　　???? of transport.
3.I'd like to have a s　　???? room, preferably, facing south.
4.Nowadays, the computer has r　　???? man in many fields.
5.The radio s　　???? the news as soon as the accident happened.
答案　1.amount　2.form　3.single　4.replaced　5.spread
Ⅱ.根据句意及汉语提示写出单词
1.What are the latest 　　????(发展) in the city?
2.Mary hurried away in the opposite 　　????(方向).
3.Fifty percent of road accidents 　　????(产生) in head injuries.
4.He encouraged the 　　????(引进) of new medical treatments.
5.How long will the 　　????(连接) of the telephone take?
答案　1.developments　2.direction　3.result　4.introduction
5.connection
Ⅲ.单项选择
1.Here is a book. First 　　???? it and then tell me what you think of it.
A.look into　　B.look through
C.look up　　D.look after
答案????B　考查动词短语辨析。句意:这有一本书,首先浏览一下,然后告诉我你的看法。look into调查;look through浏览;look up向上看;look after照顾。由句意可知选B。
2.(2018辽宁沈阳中考)There will be fewer workers in factories because most work 　　???? by robots in the future.
A.is done　　B.was done
C.will be done　　D.will do
答案????C　考查时态和语态。句意:未来工厂里会有更少的工人,因为大多数工作由机器人去做。主语most work与谓语动词是被动关系,by 引出动作的执行者,要用被动语态;由时间状语in the future可知用一般将来时。故选C。
3.(2018四川眉山中考)—Next Monday is our mother's birthday. Let's buy some cards for her.
—Why not make some ourselves? It will be much 　　????.
A.interesting　　B.more interesting
C.most interesting　　D.the most interesting
答案????B　考查形容词比较级。句意:——下周一是我们的妈妈的生日,我们给她买一些卡片吧。——为什么我们不自己做一些呢?它会有趣得多。much可修饰形容词或副词的比较级,表示程度。故选B。
4.Daming sat on the side of the river cooking a meal, 　　???? a bird on his head.
A.from　　B.into　　C.about　　D.with
答案????D　考查介词的用法。句意:大明坐在河边做饭,头上有一只小鸟。故选D。
5.Last night, the shop was closed 　　???? she didn't buy any chocolate.
A.so　　B.if　　C.or　　D.when
答案????A　考查连词辨析。句意:昨天晚上,商店关门了,因此她没有买到巧克力。分析句意可知,她没有买到巧克力是因为商店关门了,前后分句属于因果关系,故用so。
补全对话
　　从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,其中有两项为多余选项。
　　 (Lucy and Bob are talking about the School Science Show.L is for Lucy.B is for Bob.)
B:Lucy,are you going to the School Science Show?
L:　1????When does it start?
B:I saw the poster yesterday.　2????It will last two days.
L:Oh,July 5th and 6th.　3????B:Yes.And this time it will be open from 10:00 am to 6:00 pm.
L:That sounds good.It will give more people the chance to enjoy it.　4????
B:Only $2 for students,but adults should pay $10.
L:Great! It's much better than before.
B:The poster also says there are many new inventions to watch and try this time.
L:　5????I won't miss it!
A.Is it at the first weekend of July?
B.It must be very exciting.
C.How much are the tickets?
D.How much should I pay?E.Does it last two days?
F.It says the show starts on July 5th.
G.Yes,I plan to.
1.　　????　2.　　????　3.　　????　4.　　????　5.　　????答案????
1.G　根据后面的When does it start?可知,Lucy打算去学校科学展览会,故选G。
2.F　根据后面的It will last two days.和下文中的July 5th and 6th可知,本空选F。
3.A　根据答语Yes可知,上句是一般疑问句,再结合前面的July可知本空选A。
4.C　根据答语Only $2 for students,but adults should pay $10.可知,这里是询问票价,故选C。
5.B　根据空格后的“I won't miss it!”可知选B。Ⅰ.根据所给汉语完成句子,每空一词
1.人们经常把老师比作园丁。
People often　　???? 　　???? 　　???? gardeners.
2.在某种程度上,你的作文写得不错。
Your composition is well written 　　???? 　　???? 　　????.
3.我们得逐一去见校长。
We had to go and see the principal one 　　???? 　　???? 　　????.
4.有朝一日,我会向你展示!你就等着瞧吧!
One day I will show you! You just 　　???? 　　???? 　　????!
5.他不用功,结果考试不及格。
He didn't work hard, and 　　???? 　　???? 　　???? he failed his exam.6.塔克所有的工作都是手工完成的,只使用建筑物的照片。
Tucker does all his work　　???? 　　????, only using pictures of the build-ings.
答案　1.compare teachers to　2.in a way　3.at a time　4.wait and see????5.as a result　6.by hand
Ⅱ.短文填空
(2018浙江舟山中考)
阅读下面短文,然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式(每空一词)。
How important is your mobile phone to you?
Imagine that you went to a day camp without your phone. How would you feel? Do you think you could get through your 　1????(社会的) life? Share your thoughts with us!
I'm not sure, but why would anyone do so? The mobile phone has brought us a much easier life. My old granny says it has 　2????(控制) our life. However, my friends and I still think it has many 　3????(优点).—Lizzie Wong
I would thank it if my family members could leave their mobile phones at home, 　4????(尤其) when we get together. Every time we eat out, my son and his wife are always busy checking and replying to emails, while my ????5????(孙子) plays online games or texts his friends all the time. We only talk to each other when the waiter 　6????(给……看) us the menu. A family get-together is supposed to draw everyone together to have fun, but mobile phones 　7????(引起) people less attention on each other.
—Thomas Miller
My mobile phone is 　8????(有帮助的). I use it to check my calendar and to keep in touch with others. The idea of not having it around worries me. ????9????(一次) I left my phone at home and I couldn't pay attention to my work at all. My 　10????(同伴) in my office have the similar experiences too.?—Alex Watson
1.　　????　2.　　????　3.　　????　4.　　????　5.　　????
6.　　????　7.　　????　8.　　????　9.　　????　10.　　????答案
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文,主要论述了手机对你来说有多重要。
1.social　句意:你认为你能完成你的社交生活吗?考查形容词修饰其后的名词,作定语,表示“社会的”,应用social。故填social。
2.controlled　句意:我奶奶说它已经控制了我们的生活。根据句意及句中的has可知,本空是现在完成时,control表示“控制”,应用其过去分词controlled。故填controlled。
3.advantages　句意:然而,我和我的朋友仍然认为它有很多优点。根据句中的many可知,此处应用表示“优点”的advantage的复数形式。故填advantages。
4.especially　句意:如果我的家人可以将手机留在家里,尤其是当我们聚在一起的时候,我会很感谢。表示“尤其”,应用副词especially。故填especially。
5.grandson　句意:每次我们外出吃饭时,我儿子和他的妻子总是忙于查看和回复电子邮件,而我的孙子则一直玩网络游戏或给他的朋友发短信。根据句中的谓语动词plays,可知此处的主语是第三人称单数形式,表示“孙子”,应用grandson。故填grandson。
6.shows　句意:我们只在服务员给我们看菜单时互相交谈。根据句中的连词when和talk to可知此处用一般现在时,又根据从句的主语the waiter是第三人称单数形式,表示“给……看”,应用shows。故填shows。
7.cause　句意:一个家庭聚会应该吸引大家一起玩乐,但手机会导致人们不那么关注对方。句子的主语mobile phones是复数形式,因此表示“引起”的cause应用动词原形。故填cause。
8.helpful/useful　句意:我的手机很有帮助。表示“有帮助的”,应用helpful或useful。故填helpful/useful。
9.Once　句意:一次我把手机落在家里,我根本无法关注我的工作。表示“一次”,应用once,注意句首单词的第一个字母应该大写。故填Once。
10.companions　句意:我办公室里的同伴也有类似的经历。根据have可知用复数形式。故填companions。
Ⅰ.任务型阅读
(2018河北中考)
　　阅读短文,并按要求完成1~5题。
Artificial intelligence (AI)(人工智能) is growing rapidly. We are living in a world that depends more and more on AI. AI is a group of technologies that help machines get, understand and use information to do tasks.
AI's recent developments have got a lot of social attention. Some people have welcomed AI because it makes things possible. For example, AI will have a big influence on areas like medicine and engineering. But this atten-tion has also produced a lot of fear. Especially, many workers are worrying that AI could make them lose their jobs.According to a recent study, nearly five percent of jobs will disappear be-cause of AI. In some industries, AI is already doing the work that people used to do, such as assembling (装配) cars, digging the coal and lifting goods. Self-driving cars and trucks controlled by AI will also take away the drivers' jobs in the future.
On the other hand, AI will also create many new jobs for people. More people will be needed to write programmes for AI systems (系统) and they will set up and work on them, too. Meanwhile, jobs that require feelings, excellent communication skills with people will not be replaced (取代) by AI. These include jobs in fields like teaching, nursing and personal train-ing.AI is here. It is changing how people live and work in many ways. That makes AI important to watch, not to fear.
1、2题完成句子;3题简略回答问题;4题找出并写下第二段的主题句;5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。
1.AI is　　　　　　　　　????that help machines to do tasks.
2.　　　　　　　　　????controlled by AI may make the drivers lose their jobs.
3.What will AI create for people?
??? ?
4.? ???
5.?? ??答案
[语篇解读]　本文为说明文。近年来,人工智能发展得非常迅猛,可以说我们正生活在一个越来越依靠人工智能的时代。人工智能给我们带来了便捷和高效,但同时也引发了人们的一些恐慌。那么我们究竟应该怎样看待人工智能呢?本文就这一问题进行了深入的阐述。
1.a group of technologies　由第一段第三句话“AI is a group of tech-nologies that help machines get, understand and use information to do tasks.”可知本空填a group of technologies。
2.Self-driving cars and trucks　由第三段的最后一句话“Self-driving cars and trucks...in the future.”可知本空填Self-driving cars and trucks。
3.Many new jobs./AI/It will create many new jobs for people.　由第四段的第一句话“On the other hand, AI will also create many new jobs for people.”可知本题答案。
4.AI's recent developments have got a lot of social attention.　第二段为总分关系,下文从两个方面讲述了人工智能带来的好的影响和引发的恐慌,故本段第一句为本段的主题句。
5.它/人工智能在很多方面改变着人们的生活和工作方式。翻译时注意how在本句话中提问“方式”,故把how people live and work翻译成“人们的生活和工作方式”要比“人们怎样生活和工作”更合适。短语“in many ways”意为“在许多方面”。 Ⅱ.选词填空
阅读下面短文,根据文中意思,从方框中选出恰当的词,并在后面的横线上写出各单词完整、正确的形式,使短文文理通顺,意义完整。
find　book　big　how　mind　clever　swim　school　always　name
Many years ago, there was a family named Franklin. They lived in Boston. There were five girls and six boys in the family. On a January day in 1706 another baby was born. The boy's mother and her husband gave the boy a 　1????—Benjamin.
Benjamin was the 　2????of all the children. He could read when he was five and he could write when he was seven. The next year his parents sent him to 　3????.
At school Benjamin was good at reading and writing, but not good at maths. He read all of his father's 　4????. And when he had money, he 　5????went to buy books. He liked books. They told him　6????to do something. The boy liked to use his head and tried to 　7????ways to help people enjoy life more. For example, he tried to know if there was some way to 　8????farther, maybe with something on his hands or feet. Slowly a picture of swimming shoes, or paddles, grew in his 　9????. The paddles must be nei-ther too 　10????nor too small. And they must be neither too heavy nor too light. At last he invented the paddle for swimming.
???? 2.　　???? 3.　　???? 4.　　???? 5.　　????
6.　　???? 7.　　???? 8.　　???? 9.　　???? 10.　　????
答案????
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了富兰克林家最小的儿子本杰明发明脚蹼的故事。
1.name　句意为“这个男孩的母亲和她的丈夫给男孩取名叫本杰明”,表示“给某人取名”的英语是give sb. a name,故填name。
2.cleverest　由后面的“他五岁时能读书,七岁时会写字”可知在所有的孩子当中,本杰明是最聪明的。多人比较用最高级,故填cleverest。
3.school　根据下一段第一句可以推知该句为“第二年他的父母送他去上学”。故填school。
4.books　由上一句“在学校,本杰明擅长读写,而不擅长数学”得知此处为“他读了他父亲所有的书”,故填books。5.always　由于本杰明喜欢读书,所以此处为“当他有钱的时候,他总是去买书。”表示“一直;总是”用always。
6.how　句意:他喜欢书,书告诉他怎样做某事。表示“怎样做”的英语是how to do,故填how。
7.find　句意:这个男孩喜欢动脑,并试图找到帮助人们更好地享受生活的方法。表示“找到”用find,try to do sth. 试图做某事。
8.swim　由后文可知,此处表示“他想知道是否有游得更远的方法”,表示“游泳”用swim,不定式符号to后用动词原形。
9.mind　句意为“慢慢地,一幅游泳鞋或者脚蹼的图画在他头脑中产生了”,“在头脑中”的英语是in one's mind。
10.big　根据句意“那些脚蹼既不能太大,也不能太小。”可知这里用
small的反义词big。
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2018辽宁辽阳中考)As far as we know, the 2022 Winter Olympics 　 ???? in China.
A.hold　　B.are held
C.will hold　　D.will be held
答案????D　考查时态和语态。句意:据我们所知,2022年冬奥会将在中国举行。结合句意可知,2022年表将来,冬奥会将被举行,表被动,要用一般将来时的被动语态,故选D。2.(2018新疆阜康、米泉中考) The boy thinks he shouldn't 　　???? what
to do because he is 18 now.
A.tell　　B.tells　　C.telling　　D.be told
答案????D　考查动词的语态。句意:这个男孩认为他不应该被别人告知去做什么,因为他现在18岁了。根据句意可知,从句中的主语he和动词tell构成被动关系,应用被动语态。故选D。3.(2018湖北十堰中考) Too much time 　　???? on computer games by most teenagers every day. And their parents are worried about their health and study.
A.spends　　B.is spent
C.has spent　　D.spending
答案????B　考查被动语态。句意:大多数青少年每天把大量的时间花费在玩电脑游戏上,他们的父母很担心他们的健康和学习。主语Too much time与谓语动词spend是被动关系,要用被动语态。故选B。
4.(2018四川资阳中考)Tea, the most popular drink in the world, 　　???? by accident in China.
A.discovered 　　B.is discovered
C.will be discovered 　　D.was discovered
答案????D　考查时态和语态。句意:茶是世界上最受欢迎的饮料,它是在中国偶然被发现的。主语Tea与动词discover存在被动关系,应用被动语态,排除A项;根据常识可知,茶已经存在几千年了,是在几千年前被发现的,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。
5.(2018四川泸州中考)We are happy to see our city is developing 　　????
these years than before.
A.quickly　　B.more quickly
C.very quickly　　D.the most quickly
答案????B　考查副词比较级。句意:我们很高兴地看到我们的城市这些年比以前发展得更快了。根据than before可知,空格处应用比较级形式。故选B。
Ⅱ.根据所给汉语完成句子,每空一词
1.我们期盼将来能再收到你的来信。
We hope　　???? 　　???? 　　???? you again 　　???? 　　???? 　　????.
2.他很快就获得消息,一位教授要来作报告。
He soon learnt that a professor would come to 　　???? 　　???? 　　????.
3.一些新楼房将于几个月后建造。
Some new buildings 　　???? 　　???? 　　???? 　　???? in a few months.
4.要他改变主意好像是不可能的。
　　???? 　　???? 　　???? for him to change his mind.
5.我们交纳了数亿美元的税款。
We paid 　　???? 　　???? 　　???? 　　???? dollars in taxes.
答案????1.to hear from;in the future　2.give a report　3.will be put up　
4.It seems impossible　5.hundreds of millions of
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2018辽宁沈阳中考)Cai Lun invented paper around 2,000 years ago in China. It is an important invention. Before the invention of paper, people had to remember lots of information or write it on stone, wood, leaves, etc.Today everyone in the world uses paper. With paper, we can make books and print newspapers. Sharing information is a lot easier with the help of paper.
People use paper every day. Students do homework and keep a diary on paper. Paper is a great invention.Alan Turing was born in London, England, in 1912. He attended Cam-bridge University from 1931 to 1934. Turing was a mathematician(数学家)and a computer scientist. Many people called Turing the father of computer science. He created the first design(设计) for a modern computer.Turing wanted to know if a machine could think for itself and trick some-one into believing they were having a conversation with another person. This became known as the Turing test. In the test, a human talked to two other people through a computer. One was a machine, and the other was a person. This idea is still used today.
1.When was paper invented by Cai Lun?
A.Around 2,000 years ago.
B.About 200 years ago.
C.Around 1,000 years ago.
D.About 100 years ago.2.People can do the following things with paper EXCEPT　　????.
A.sharing information　　B.printing newspapers
C.having the Turing test　　D.making books
3.Many people considered Alan Turing to be　　????.
A.the inventor of printing
B.the father of modern education
C.the inventor of paper
D.the father of computer science
4.In order to have the test, Turing needed　　????.
A.three people, one computer and a machine
B.two people, one computer and a machine
C.two people, two computers and a machine
D.one person, one computer and a machine
5.From the passage, we know Cai Lun's invention and Turing's idea are????　????.
A.hard to accept　　B.not used any more
C.unknown to people　　D.still used today答案
[语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了纸和图灵对我们的巨大影响。
1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段首句Cai Lun invented paper around 2,000 years ago in China.可以得知答案。
2.C　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可以得知C选项是正确答案。
3.D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的Many people called Turing the fa-ther of computer science.可知选D。
4.B　细节理解题。通过最后一段可知,测试中一个人通过计算机和另外两个人谈话,这两个人中一个是机器一个是人。所以答案选B。
5.D　细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句Today everyone in the world uses paper.和最后一段的最后一句This idea is still used today.可知选D。
Jim Green has been in China for 2 years. He has been to many interesting places by high-speed railway. Last week, he went to Shanghai with his family. They booked (订购) tickets on the Internet. Though many people liked travelling by plane, 1. the Greens thought travelling by high-speed railway was safer, cheaper and more convenient.Ⅱ.英汉互译
阅读短文,将文中画线的句子译成汉语或英语。The cars(车厢) of the high-speed railway were clean and tidy. 2.车厢里人不多。The Greens talked with other passengers, read books and saw films by computer. They watched beautiful views out of the window along the way.
Before lunch, the Greens walked around. 3. Then they went to the dining car to have some delicious food. They bought some drinks and snacks from the steward(乘务员). Jim thought the journey of the high-speed railway was like a moving party. He didn't feel bored at all.
4.四小时后他们抵达了上海。This train ride seemed short, but their memory of this pleasant journey would last (持续) long.
5.The high-speed railway has become the first choice of transportation for
many people. It is a new symbol of China's rise as a great power in the world.
答案????
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了格林一家乘坐中国高铁旅行的所见、所闻、所感。
1.格林一家认为乘高铁旅行更安全、更便宜、更便捷。　注意本句是含有宾语从句的复合句,从句的主语是动名词短语travelling by high-speed railway。
2.There weren't too many people in the cars.　表示某地有……,用there be句型,根据前后文可知用一般过去时。
3.然后他们去餐车车厢吃一些美味可口的食物。　注意此句中to have some delicious food作目的状语。
4.They arrived in/reached/got to Shanghai four hours later.????arrive in/reach/get to都可以表示“到达;抵达”。
5.高铁已经成为许多人首选的交通工具。　of transportation 作choice的定语,for后接人,表示“对于某人来说”。Ⅰ.根据要求完成句子
1.We will clean our classroom this afternoon.(改为被动语态)
Our classroom 　　???? 　　???? 　　???? by us this afternoon.
2.I will take care of your son.(改为被动语态)
Your son will 　　???? 　　???? 　　???? 　　???? by me.
3.My hometown has changed greatly in the last two years. (改为同义句)
Great changes 　　???? 　　???? 　　???? in my hometown in the last two years.
4.My mother has given Tony a present for Christmas. (改为被动语态)
Tony 　　???? 　　???? 　　???? a present for Christmas by my mother.
5.by the Internet, in the future, books, replaced, be, will(连词成句)
?? ??.
答案　1.will be cleaned　2.be taken care of　3.have taken place　4.has been given　5.Books will be replaced by the Internet in the future.
Ⅱ.补全对话
(2018浙江宁波中考)
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空,每词仅用一次(每空一词)。
real, pleasure, pioneer, invent, daily
Paul:Hey, Jenny, the subject for my school project is “Small inventions that changed the world”. Can you help me think of an invention?
Jenny:With 　1????! Let me think...hmm...I know! The zipper!
Paul:The zipper? Is it 　2???? such a great invention?
Jenny:Think about how often it's used in our 　3???? lives. You can see zippers on dresses, trousers, shoes, bags...almost everywhere! I saw a web-site last week. The 　4???? of different inventions were listed there. For ex-ample, it mentioned that the zipper was 　5???? by Whitcomb Judson in 1893. But at that time, it wasn't used widely.
Paul:So when did it become popular?
Jenny:Around 1917.
1.　　???? 2.　　???? 3.　　???? 4.　　???? 5.　　????答案????
[语篇解读]　本篇对话谈论了改变世界的小发明“拉链”。小小的拉链在社会生活中的应用相当广泛,它让我们的生活变得更加方便。
1.pleasure　由上文“你能帮我想出一个发明吗?”这一表示礼貌的请求的用语可推测,答语应是“当然可以”,再由关键词With,可知答语应为“With pleasure (很愿意)”。
2.really　句意为“它真的是一个非常棒的发明吗?”分析句子结构可知空白处应用副词来修饰整个句子,因此应用really (真的)。
3.daily　由下文中所陈述的例子“You can see zippers on dresses, trousers, shoes, bags...almost everywhere!”可知,本句意为“考虑一下它在我们的日常生活中被应用得多么广泛”,空白处意为“日常的”。故答案????
[语篇解读]　本篇对话谈论了改变世界的小发明“拉链”。小小的拉链在社会生活中的应用相当广泛,它让我们的生活变得更加方便。
1.pleasure　由上文“你能帮我想出一个发明吗?”这一表示礼貌的请求的用语可推测,答语应是“当然可以”,再由关键词With,可知答语应为“With pleasure (很愿意)”。
2.really　句意为“它真的是一个非常棒的发明吗?”分析句子结构可知空白处应用副词来修饰整个句子,因此应用really (真的)。
3.daily　由下文中所陈述的例子“You can see zippers on dresses, trousers, shoes, bags...almost everywhere!”可知,本句意为“考虑一下它在我们的日常生活中被应用得多么广泛”,空白处意为“日常的”。故填daily。
4. pioneers　句意为“上周我看到一个网站,不同发明的先驱都列在那里”。空白处意为“先驱,先锋”,故应填pioneers。
5.invented　上文所述是一些发明的情况,可推测本句意为“例如,它提到拉链是在1893年被威特康·姆·贾德森发明的”。Ⅲ.短文填空
请用适当的词完成下面的短文,并把所缺单词填写在指定的位置上。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
What will happen if a family is without the Internet for a month?One American family decides to find out. They have sent an invitation to a lead-ing US television station, expecting that it will send a film group to record their day-to-day life　1????technology for a month.
When the film group meet　2????Smiths, they find that Mr. Smith, Mrs. Smith and their two sons are so crazy about technology that　3????hardly do things together. At mealtimes, no one　4????at the dining table for their food.“Everyone just runs into the kitchen, takes their food and then goes back to their screen.”Mrs. Smith explains.“　5????we don't make a change, our family will become strangers to each other!”
Getting back to the normal life without the Internet is not　6????, especially when the Smiths lose themselves in it. They have to make many　7????. For example, the two brothers have to go to the school　8????to borrow books for their scientific projects, and Mr. and Mrs. Smith need to go out shop-ping because they cannot buy things　9????. As the family have picked up the new lifestyle, they find that they can spend more time talking over meals, playing sports and doing all　10????of activities together.
Would they be able to go for long without using the Internet after the chal-lenge?
1.　　???? 2.　　???? 3.　　???? 4.　　???? 5.　　????
6.　　???? 7.　　???? 8.　　???? 9.　　???? 10.　　????答案????
[语篇解读]　一个美国家庭邀请电视台记录他们一个月没有网络的生活,从而纠正家庭成员沉迷网络的坏习惯。
1.without　考查上下文语境。由第一句中的without the Internet可知,此处应填without。
2.the　考查冠词的用法。“the+姓氏复数”表示“……一家人”。
3.they　此处为so...that...结构,that后面跟了一个结果状语从句,从句缺少主语,指代Mr. Smith, Mrs. Smith and their two sons,因此此处填they。
4.sits　考查动词短语。sit at the table表示“坐在桌子前面”。此处表示“到了饭点,没人到餐桌前坐下一起吃饭”,no one作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,此处应填sits。5.If　考查if引导条件状语从句的用法。if引导条件状语从句时,遵循“主将从现”的原则。结合上文史密斯太太担心如果他们不做出改变,他们一家人以后将会变成陌生人。因此填If。
6.easy　考查上下文语境。根据第一、二段可知,史密斯全家人沉迷于网络,突然没有了网络,他们肯定会不适应,由此推断此处说要回归正常的无网络生活是不容易的,应填easy。
7.changes????考查上下文语境和细节理解。上文“we don't make a change”与“They have to make many”前后呼应。结合后面举的例子可知,此处表示“他们要做出很多改变”。
8.library　考查词义推断。由空后的to borrow books可知,应填library。
9.online　考查上下文理解和词义推断。根据前文说史密斯夫妇需要外出购物可知,没有网络无法在网上购物,因此应填online。
10.kinds　考查固定搭配。all kinds of 为固定搭配,意为“各种各样的”,因此应填kinds。Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2018陕西中考)
　　阅读下面一篇短文,判断下列句子是否符合短文内容,符合的用“A”表示,不符合的用“B”表示。
Now, it seems that artificial intelligence(人工智能)is becoming more and more popular in our life, and it has greatly influenced the ways we live, work and play. Can you imagine that you can play table tennis with a robot one day?
Recently, a scientist has invented a special robot that can be a table tennis coach. That means people can practice table tennis not only with humans but also with a robot.Named Forpheus, the smart table tennis robot is quite special. It can study the movements of human players and the speeds of the ball. In this way, it can exactly judge(判断)the players' skill levels(水平). Then it uses the in-formation to change the ways to play. If the players are just beginners, Forpheus will play in a slow and easy way, but if the players are better ones, the robot will play in a faster and more difficult way. What's more, while playing, it encourages players to try their best with words like“Good job!”, “Come on!”and so on. At the same time, it gives some good advice to improve their skills. So it is both a good partner and a clever coach.
Science and technology is developing quickly these days and it's hard to imagine what will happen in the future.“In the next 20 years, it will be possible that one robot teaches another to play table tennis or even invents another one!”Takuoya, the inventor of the robot, said.
1.Artificial intelligence has influenced people's life in many ways.
2.Forpheus is the name of the inventor of the robot.
3.The robot can judge the skill levels of human players exactly.
4.One robot will probably teach another to play table tennis in the future.
5.The robot can encourage the human players, but it can't give advice.答案
[语篇解读]　本文为说明文。人工智能在现实生活中越来越受欢迎,已经在我们生活的许多方面产生影响。本文介绍了科学家发明的乒乓球机器人教练的工作过程及对其将来的发展趋势做出的预测。
1.A　细节理解题。由第一段中it has greatly influenced the ways we live,work and play可知人工智能影响着人们生活的许多方面。故本句符合文意。
2.B　细节理解题。由Named Forpheus, the smart table tennis robot is quite special.可知Forpheus是机器人的名字。故本句不符合文意。
3.A　细节理解题。根据第三段的it can exactly judge the players' skill levels可知本句符合文意。4.A　细节理解题。由文章最后一段中In the next 20 years, it will be possible that one robot teaches another to play table tennis or...可知本句符合文意。
5.B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段倒数第二、三句可知机器人能鼓励人类运动员,同时也能给出好的建议来提高他们的能力。故本句不符合文意。Ⅱ.任务型阅读
阅读下面短文,按照每题后的单词要求数量回答问题。
Harland Sanders was born in the USA in 1890, but his childhood was not a happy one. His father died when he was only six, so his mother needed to find a job. She went to work in a shirt factory and Harland stayed at home to look after his younger brother. That was when he first learned to cook.
He left home when he was twelve and worked on a nearby farm. After that he had a lot of different jobs and in 1930 he became a service station man-ager in Corbin, Kentucky. He started cooking meals for hungry travellers who stopped at the service station, and soon people came only for the food. Harland moved to a 142-seat restaurant across the street where he could serve all his customers. Over the next nine years, he developed the secret chicken recipe(配方) that made him famous.
In the early 1950s, he closed the restaurant and decided to sell his recipe to other businesses. The first official(正式的) Kentucky Fried Chicken(KFC) restaurant did not open until 1952. By 1964, there were more than 600 KFCs in North America. That year Sanders sold the company(公司) for 2 million dollars, but he continued to work as KFC's public spokesman and visited restaurants all over the world. He travelled 250,000 miles every year until he died in 1980 aged 90. Six years later PensiCo bought KFC for 480 million dollars.There are now KFC restaurants in more than 80 countries and they sell 2.5 billion chicken dinners every year and the recipe is still a secret!
1.What did Harland Sanders have to do when he was 6?(within 9 words)
?? ??
2.How long did it take him to develop his secret chicken recipe?(within 5 words)
??? ?
?? ?
3.When did the first official KFC restaurant open?(within 2 words)
?? ??
4.What did Harland Sanders do after he sold the KFC business?(within 8 words)
? ?
5.How is Harland Sanders' chicken recipe now?(within 7 words)
?? ??
答案
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文,文章记叙了肯德基的创始人Harland Sanders的不平凡的一生。
1.Look after his younger brother and learn to cook.　由第一段中“...Har-land stayed at home to look after his younger brother. That was when he first learned to cook.”可知答案。
2.(It took him) nine/9 years.　由第二段的最后一句“Over the next nine years, he developed the secret chicken recipe that made him famous.”可知答案。
3.In 1952.　由第三段的第二句“The first official Kentucky Fried Chick-en (KFC) restaurant did not open until 1952.”可知答案。4.He worked as its/KFC's spokesman and visited restaurants.　由第三段的第四句“...but he continued to work as KFC's public spokesman and visited restaurants all over the world.”可知答案。
5.It is still a secret./It's still unknown to others.　由短文最后一句的“the recipe is still a secret”可知答案。
1.(2019天津和平期末,27,★★☆)This hole is so small that only one per-son can pass it 　　????.
A.in time　　B.on time
C.at a time　　D.for a time
答案????C　考查介词短语辨析。句意:这个洞非常小,每次只能通过一个人。in time及时;on time按时;at a time每次,一次;for a time一段时间。由句意可知选C。
2.(2019天津南开期末,25,★★☆)We can find information much 　　???? on the Internet.
A.easy　　B.easily　　C.easier　　D.more easily
答案????D????考查比较级的用法。句意:我们能在互联网上更容易地找到信息。空格处应是修饰动词的副词,先排除A、C两项;空格前much常用来修饰比较级,表示程度,故选D。
3.(2018安徽蚌埠禹会北京师范大学蚌埠附属学校月考,39,★★☆)Don't worry. Your package　　????here until you come back. So enjoy shopping here.
A.will keep　　B.has kept
C.will be kept　　D.has been kept
答案????C　本题考查一般将来时态的被动语态。句意:不要担心,你的包裹将被寄存在这里,直到你回来。因此,请在这里开心地购物吧。句中“包裹”和“保存”之间是被动关系,在含有until引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。故本题用一般将来时的被动语态。故选C。
4.(2018天津宁河月考,30,★★☆)Before using the camera, you should ????　???? the instructions on the box.
A.look after 　　B.look for
C.look through　　D.look up
答案????C　本题考查动词短语辨析。句意:在使用照相机之前,你应该浏览一下盒子上的使用说明。look after照看;look for寻找;look through浏览;look up查阅。根据句意可知选C。
5.If you have to 　　???? the camera to Daming, tell him to use it properly.
A.borrow　　B.lend　　C.buy　　D.show
答案 B　本题考查动词辨析。句意:如果你不得不把照相机借给大明,告诉他要正确地使用它。根据句意可知这里用lend,lend sth. to sb.把某物借给某人,故选B。
1.(2019天津一中月考,32,★★★)The same information 　　???? read or
　　???? on the website.
A.can be;listened to　　B.can be;listened
C.can;listen　　D.can;listen to
答案????A　考查被动语态。句意:同样的信息在互联网上能够读到或听到。句中The same information作主语,谓语动词要用被动语态,先排除C、D两项;information是“听”的宾语,因此要用listen to。故选A。
2.(2019浙江温州瑞安飞云镇中学期末,24,★☆☆)It has been raining for weeks. 　　????, there's too much water in the street.
A.As a result　　B.For example
C.At that time　　D.In my opinion
答案????A　考查短语辨析。句意:雨已经下了好几周了,结果,大街上有太多的水。as a result结果;for example例如;at that time在那时;in my opinion依我之见。由句意可知选A。
3.(2019天津一中月考,35,★★☆)If you see the cartoon films, you will ????　???? laugh.
A.be made　　B.make
C.make to　　D.be made to
答案????D　考查使役动词make的被动语态。句意:如果你看那些卡通电影,你会被逗笑的。由句意可知要用被动语态,先排除B、C两项;使役动词make在被动语态中其后被省掉的不定式符号to要加上,故选D。
4.(2019天津北仓二中月考,20,★★☆)—How clean the blackboard is!
—Yes, it 　　???? just now.
A.was cleaned　　B.is cleaned
C.will be cleaned　　D.has been cleaned
答案????A　考查时态。句意:——黑板多么干净啊!——是啊,刚刚被擦过。it指黑板,在句中作主语,与动词clean之间是被动关系,结合just now可知,句子用一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。
5.(2018天津宁河第三次月考,27,★☆☆)Tianjin has become 　　???? in recent years.
A.richer and richer 　　B.more and more rich
C.more rich and rich　　D.the richer and richer
答案????A　本题考查比较级的用法。句意:最近几年天津变得越来越富裕了。“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”,rich的比较级是richer,故选A。
6.(2018安徽第三次月考,33,★☆☆)You must follow the 　　???? when you take the medicine.
A.inventions　　B.instructions
C.invitations　　D.interviews
答案????B　本题考查名词辨析。句意:你必须按照说明服药。根据句中take the medicine和follow提示可知,应该是“按照说明服药”,故选B。
7.(2018天津期末,27,★★☆)The winner's photos will be　　????on the school website next week.
A.taken up　　B.put up
C.given up　　D.looked up
答案????B　本题考查动词短语辨析。句意:下周将在学校网站上公布获奖者的照片。take up拿起;put up张贴,公布;give up放弃;look up查找。根据句意可知选B。
8.(2018天津宁河第三次月考,33,★★☆)It's necessary for us 　　???? an-imals in danger.
A.protect　　B.protecting
C.to protect　　D.protected
答案????C　本题考查固定句式。句意:保护濒危动物对我们来说是必要的。本题为It's+形容词(+for sb.)+to do sth.句式,故选C。
1.(2018湖北孝感中考,28,★★☆)The CCTV program The Reader inter-ests 　　???? people of all ages.
A.thousand　　B.thousands
C.thousand of　　D.thousands of
答案????D　考查数词的用法。句意:中央电视台的节目《朗读者》引起了成千上万所有年龄段的人的兴趣。thousand前有具体数字时,其后无需加s;thousand后接 of时需用复数形式,thousands of表示“成千上万的”。由句意可知选D。2.(2018山东菏泽中考,22,★★☆)Now more and more schools care for the full 　　???? of the students' talents.
A.development　　B.agreement
C.preparation
答案????A　考查名词辨析。句意:现在越来越多的学校注重学生才能的全面发展。development发展;agreement同意;preparation准备。由句意可知选A。
3.Let‘s wait and see whether books 　　???? by the Internet in the future.
A.replace　　B.replaced
C.will be replaced　　D.were replaced
答案????C　句意:咱们等着看未来书是否会被网络代替。本题考查动词时态和语态。主语books与replace之间为被动关系,又因为指的是将来,所以用一般将来时的被动语态,其构成是will+be+过去分词。故选C项。
4.The TV show Letters Alive brings back people's 　　???? of writing to each other.
A.ideas　　B.hobbies　　C.styles　　D.memories
答案????D　本题考查名词辨析。句意:电视节目《见字如面》把人们带回那种给对方写信的记忆中去。idea想法,主意;hobby爱好;style方式,风格;memory记忆,回忆。根据句意可知选D。
5.—What‘s your prediction about the????　????of our school basketball match next week?
—I am sure Class 8 will be the winner.
A.teammate　　B.result
C.information　　D.player答案????B　句意:——你对下周我们学校篮球比赛结果的预测是什么?——我确信八班将会获胜。本题考查名词词义辨析。A选项意为“队友”;B选项意为“结果”;C选项意为“信息”;D选项意为“运动员”。根据句意可知本题选择B。
1.(2018山东临沂中考,26,★☆☆)A primary school in England has 　???????? signs at its three entrances (入口), saying: Greet your child with a smile,
not a mobile.
A.put into　　B.put off C.put on　　D.put up
答案????D　考查动词短语辨析。句意:英格兰的一所小学在它的三个入口处张贴了指示牌,上面写着:笑迎你的孩子,而不是盯着你的手机。表示“张贴”,应用put up。故选D。2.Teenagers 　　???? decide for themselves.
A.may be allowed to　　B.may are allowed to
C.may be allow to
答案????A　本题考查被动语态。句意:青少年可以被允许自己作决定。含有情态动词的被动语态的结构是:情态动词+be+动词的过去分词。故选A。
3.根据句意和汉语提示写出单词,完成句子。
It's wrong of us to believe or 　　???? some untrue news on the Internet. (扩散)
答案　spread
4.根据所给中文完成句子翻译。
所有这些鞋都是手工制作的。
??? ?
答案　All these shoes are made by hand.
阅读理解1.After the　　????was invented, the oceans were open to travel.
A.compass　　B.printing　　C.gunpowder
2.At first, gunpowder was used for　　????.
A.finding direction　　B.making fireworks
C.carving characters
3.　　????developed paper-making in the Eastern Han dynasty.
A