新概念英语青少版三年级下册 Unit 18 Learning the rules! 课件（44张PPT）

课件44张PPT。3B U18 Learning the rules!New words and expressionswhisper v.耳语，低语
upstairs adv.在楼上
afraid adj.担心的
whether adv.是否
fight v.打斗
wonder v. 想知道mystery n. 秘密，神秘
martial art 武术
competition n. 比赛
a kind of 一种
rule n. 规则
What kind of rules do you have at home/at school?
New words and expressionswhisper：speak softly，in a low voice
eg："Keep your voice down," I whispered.
短语：in a whisper低声地，悄声地
upstairs：go upstairs
eg：He?led?us?to?a?room?upstairs.?
afraid
be afraid that 害怕做某事
eg：I'm?afraid?this?task?is beyond?me.??New words and expressionswhether：if
Eg：1.He?worried about?whether?his?plan?would?be accepted.?
2. Think?it over?and let?me know?whether?you?agree with?me.
fight
词组：fight for为…而战，而奋斗
fight against v. 对抗；反对；与……作斗争
fight with与…并肩战斗；为反对…而战斗；与…打架
单词记忆大比拼根据汉语说出英语单词.单词记忆大比拼根据英语说出汉语意思.
mysterymartial art fightwonder whetherafraidupstairswhisperMartial artKarate yet用于疑问句，否定句，意为：迄今。=Asked about what?
What/How about+v.ing
eg.How about going to the zoo?间接疑问句ask与tell，用法类似注意现在完成时疑问句，陈述句。现在进行表正在发生！ .1.注意现在进行时
2.just为焦点副词，不只是现在完成时标志。常用将来时，预测不希望发生的事。
间接陈述句反身代词，强调主语询问某人及答句。want用法。主句一般现在时，从句用将来时。let+v.原形~
间接疑问句all分配词，谓语动词用单数（间接陈述句）
mean表理解和宣城的动词，如know，believe，say，see等通常无现在进行时否定的反义疑问句，表期望得到对方肯定回答。fight的v-ing形式all为adj,修饰可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。
考虑下和every的用法区别。直接陈述句———间接陈述句be afraid that，know，mean表达的间接陈述句
She won’t let me learn karate.
——I don’t think（that）she’ll let me learn karate.
1.She probably won’t let me learn karate. (afraid)
2.She’ll say no. (sure)
3.She’ll probably say no. (afraid)
4.Do you mind? (mean)
直接疑问句————间接疑问句ask （someone） if / whether 和know if / whether表达的间接疑问句，whether表示对答案更不确定
在if / whether 后面用陈述句语序（主语+动词）
类似引述动词：know，ask，find out，wonder，mind, find out等
Direct question：
Is it raining？
Indirect question：
He asked if / whether it was raining.直接疑问句—————间接疑问句1.Will you let him learn karate?
2.Can he learn karate?
3.Have you asked Mum about karate lessons?
4.Where are going ？
5.Can he ski?
6.Will Paul join the program?
7.She’ll stay at the library.
8.Has she found a job?
9.Is she enjoying her job?
10.Are the trains running on time? Present Perfect Tense
现在完成时
过去现在将来主语 + have/ has + 过去分词（pp）助动词表示,帮助动词来构成时态 现在完成时的结构My mom has come back.You have planted all the trees.
I have planted all the trees.
He/she has planted all the trees.
They have planted all the trees. 区别have 和 has的用法 主语若是第三人称单数助动词用 has主语 + have/ has + 过去分词（pp）否定形式 haven’t ( have not ） +过去分词
hasn’t ( has not ) +过去分词疑问句 把助动词 have / has 放在句首 现在完成时否定句和疑问句的结构注：主语若是第三人称单数助动词用 has1、规则变化（过去分词与过去时变化规则一样）(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
　 work---worked---worked
visit---visited---visited
(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。
　 　live---lived , like—liked 过去分词(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “y” 变为 “i”，
再加“ ed ”。 ，
　　study---studied---studied
cry---cried---cried
(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，
先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。
　　 stop---stopped---stopped
drop---dropped--dropped 3、不规则变化
（过去分词与过去式形式不一样）take—took—taken
speak —spoke—spoken
sing—sang—sung
drive—drove—driven
be—was/were—been
go—went—gone 2、不规则变化
（过去分词与不规则动词的过去式形式一样）have—had—had
spend —spent—spent
make—made—maden
say—said—said
find—found—found
hear—heard—heard 4、不规则变化
（过去分词，过去式与动词原形一样）cut—cut—cut
put —put—put
let—let—let
read—read—read
cut--- cut ---cut
1) 表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。
Now we have planted all the trees.
He has just come back.
They have built many buildings in this city. 现在完成时的用法Mother: Dear son, clean your
teeth please.Son: Mum, I have already(已经)
cleaned them.Mother: Dear, tell your father to
have breakfast please.Son: Mum, dad has had breakfast .Father: Tell your mother to buy some milk, son.Son: Oh, she has just(刚刚) bought some.Mother: Dear , you must clean
our house today?Father: Honey, we have just(刚刚)
cleaned our house.2) 表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，更强调结果。
Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的)
I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙)
I haven’t read that book yet . (不了解书的内容)
I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的)常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用. already: 常用于肯定句中.
yet: 常用于否定句,疑问句尾. 3) 表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，常与包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。
She has learned English for 5 years.
He has lived in Beijing since he was born .
Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years? 常与for, since引导的时间短语或从句连用. for+ 时间段
since+时间点 , since+ 句子Pattern 1( picture 110-130)
A: Has Claire found a job?
B: I ‘ll ask her if she’s found onePattern 2.(picture 140--150)
A:I wonder if Claire’s found a job.
B:I don’t know. I’ll ask her if she has.Pattern 3160—170
A:I must know whether Clair’s found a job or not?
B: Leave it to me. I can find out whether she’s found one.注：并非所有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时I worked here for more than twenty years.
(我现在已经不在这里工作了)
I have worked here for more than twenty years.
（现在我仍在这里工作）since: (自…以来)
1)since+时间点
He?has?stayed?here?since?5?o’clock.
2)since+ 时间段+ ago
He?has?stayed?here?since?5?hours?ago.
3)since+ 从句
She?has?taught?English?since?he?came?here.
for: (长达）
for+ 时间段
He has kept the book for 2 weeks.since , for 的用法:用for 或since填空Mr. Brown has had his TV ______ 15 years.
I’ve taken driving lessons _______last month.
My sister has had her cell phone ______a month .
My friends haven’t visited me ______my birthday.
We haven’t used our car _____ a long time .
She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee _____years.
Tom has worn glasses _______he was 7 years old. for since forsinceforforsince注意: 瞬间动词不能和时间段连用. method 1: 动作 die be over leaveborrow/buy arrive begin end/finish join marrykeep/had be away be here be on(上演） be married be in be dead他的爷爷已经去世2年了。
Nick 参军3年了.
他离开深圳好长时间了。
这本书我已借了4个月了. His grandpa has been dead for 2 years. Nick has been in the army for 3 years. He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time. I have kept the book for 4 months. method 2: It is + 时间段 since + 一般过去时的句子.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。
Nick 参军3年了.
他离开深圳好长时间了。
这本书我已借了4个月了. It is 2 years since his grandpa died. It is 3 years since Nick joined the army. It is a long time since he left Shenzhen. It is 4 months since I borrowed the book . 辨析 have been to和 have gone toMy father has gone to Shanghai for a meeting.
他（已经）去了上海。My father has been to Shanghai for a meeting.
他（曾经）去了上海。 She has been to China .
她（曾经）去过中国。（人已经回来了）have been to someplace. 曾经去过某地，已经回来．
has gone to someplace.某人去了某地，还没有回来． She has gone to China last week.
上周她去了上海 。（人可能回来了也可能没回来）用have/has been to, have/has gone to填空：
1.—Where is your brother?
—He ____________ the shop. He’ll be back soon.
2. — ______ you ever _________ to America?
—Yes, I ___________ New York twice.
3. —Here you are at last! Where _____ you _____?
—I _____________ London.
4. —David _____________Australia.
—I’m sure he’s already arrived.
5. —Is Benny here?
—No, he __________ the school library. He left
five minutes ago.has gone toHave been tohave been tohave beenhave been tohas gone tohas gone toTHE ENDThanks！