译林牛津版高中英语模块八Unit1 The written world Grammar and usage课件（共44张PPT）
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| 名称 | 译林牛津版高中英语模块八Unit1 The written world Grammar and usage课件（共44张PPT） |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 牛津译林版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2019-06-21 07:28:52 | ||
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课件44张PPT。Unit 1
The written wordNegative words and negative statementsGrammar and usageLook at the following sentences. Are these sentences true? If not, how to correct them?Money can buy happiness.Money can not buy happiness.Shanghai is not the capital
city of China. Beijing is the capital city of China.Shanghai is the capital
city of China.So, we use negative statements to correct a mistaken idea.
?
Read the guidelines and answer.
1. What are the most commonly used
negative words?The most commonly used negative
words are no, not, never, and neither.2. What are the kinds of negative
statements?(1) auxiliary verb + not(2) not paired with other words(3) other expressions: hardly, far from, seldom, unless, would rather…than…and free from.(4) Complete negation: using no, neither, none or nothing to from complete negation
(5) partial negation: words like all, both, everyone and everything are used in negative sentencesMore examples:1. It is not a long distance from the city centre to the new railway station.
2. It will not be long before most people around the world know how to use the computer.
3. There were not many people present at the meeting.陈述句的否定形式主要有以下几种形式：
1. not加在__________、_______等的后
面。
e.g. She could not answer the question.
She is not a teacher.情态动词be动词2. 若谓语动词是行为动词，前面又没有
助动词或情态动词，需在谓语动词之前加上_______再加___________。
e.g. She doesn’t want to go to the
park.
I haven’t finished my homework. 助动词否定词not3. 用带有否定意义的词来表示______。
这类词有：no, none, nobody, nothing,
nowhere, neither, never, hardly, little,
few, seldom, barely, dislike, disagree,
useless, unimportant, out of ..., far
from..., too ... to 等。否定e.g. No one is in the room.
He never tell lies.
He is anything but a writer.
This is a sentence free from mistakes.
He is too ill to have been anywhere
but in bed.另外要注意以下几种特殊情况：
1. 否定前移。这类词有____________________ 等 。
e.g. I don’t think he has time to play
with me.
I don’t believe he is right.think, believe, expect2. 部分否定和完全否定。
表示部分否定常见的有:_______
________________________等。
e.g. Not both of the students are right. not both，not all，not each / every表示完全否定常见的有：____________
___等。
e.g. Neither of them is right.
No boy is absent. neither, none,
noSharon has written a book report on a Dickens’s classic, Oliver Twist. Read her report and underline any negative expressions used.a childhood without parents
have no parents
hardly has time to relax4. does not like anything
5. seldom have enough food or water
6. is not a good character
7. does not want to steal
8. without any of Fagin’s vices
9. Unless
10. will never be reunited
11. no real family
12. None of love he deserves Read the sentences from Sharon’s diary and complete them using the negative words from the box. Change the form where necessary.not uncommon can’t…too…
would rather…than… not manyMany students ___________ read
contemporary novels ____ classics.
2. It is _____________ for students to have difficulty understanding classics.
3. _________ students in my class
have read Oliver Twist, so I told them
the story.
4. You _____ be ____careful when
collecting these statistics.would ratherthannot uncommonNot manycan’ttoo He pities Oliver, takes him home, and tries to reform him. The word reform here means ‘become or make better by removing or putting right faults, errors’.
变好，改善，改革e.g. The law needs to be reformed.
法律需要进行改革。
She thought she could reform him.
她觉得她可以使他洗心革面。1. auxiliary verb + not (P8)
【考例1】
There’s no light on — they _____ be at home.
A. can’t B. mustn’t
C. needn’t D. shouldn’t考点考例选A。此处要用情态动词表推测，且用于否定句表示“肯定不……”，故can’t符合要求。must表推测时不用于否定句，mustn’t表示“禁止，不许”；needn’t不需要；shouldn’t不应当。【考例2】
– My cat’s really fat.
– You ___ have given her so much
food.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t
C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t 选C。句意为：“我的猫真胖。” “你本不应该给她这么多的食物。” shouldn’t have done sth.本不应该做某事(暗含做了)。【考例3】
– What do you think we can do for our
aged parents?
– You _____ do anything except to be
with them and be yourself.
A. don’t have to B. oughtn’t to
C. mustn’t D. can’t选A。don’t have to不必；oughtn’t to不应当；mustn’t禁止，不允许； can’t不可能，不可以，不能。答语句意为：除了与父母呆在一起、做真实的你以外，你不必做任何事情，所以don’t have to为最佳选项。【考例4】
The biggest problem for most plants, which __________ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.
A. shan’t B. can’t
C. needn’t D. mustn’t 选B。can’t表示“不能”。A项表将来；C项意为“不必”；D项意为“禁止”，都不正确。句意为：对于绝大多数受到威胁时不能站起来就跑的植物来说最大的问题是动物喜欢吃它们。【考例5】
We _____ have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.
A. needn’t B. may not
C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t选Ｂ。句意为：或许我们还没有证明是伟大的探险者，但我们已经取得了在过去的十年里最伟大的进展。may not have done sth. 或许还没做过某事；needn’t have done sth.本没有必要做但做了某事；shouldn’t have done sth.本不应该做但做了某事。【考例6】
I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus, _____?
A. hadn’t you B. wouldn’t you
C. aren’t I D. didn’t she选B。在反意疑问句中，如果主句的谓语动词是think, suppose, believe, imagine, be sure等，且主语为第一人称时，反意疑问句要与后面的宾语从句一致。2. There are many other negative expressions. Some common ones are hardly, far from, seldom, unless, free from, and would rather ... than. (P8)【考例】
Never in my wildest dreams _____ these people are living in such poor conditions.
I could imagine
B. could I imagine
C. I couldn’t imagine
D. couldn’t I imagine选B。表示否定意义的词或短语，如never , hardly, seldom, little, few, by no means, at no time等位于句首时，主句部分使用倒装语序。But for their help, we ____ the
program in time．
A. can not finish
B. will not finish
C. had not finished
D. could not have finished2. A small car is big enough for a family
of three ________ you need more space
for baggage.
A. once B. because
C. if D. unless 3. It is often said that the joy of
traveling is _____ in arriving at your
destination______ in the journey itself.
A. 不填; but B. 不填; or
C. not; or D. not; but4. It was hard for him to learn
English in a family, in which _____
of the parents spoke the language.
A. none B. neither
C. both D. each5. He has made a lot of films, but
______ good ones.
A. any B. some
C. few D. many
6. The book is of great value. ____
can be enjoyed unless you digest it.
A. Nothing B. Something
C. Everything D. Anything 没有否定意义的否定句
语句的表达中有些句子虽然含有表示否定
意义的词, 但整个句子表达的却是肯定的
意思。现归纳如下：
在含有 cannot 短语的一些句子中
1. cannot help +doing 禁不住……
2. cannot but + do; cannot help but + do; cannot choose + do 不得不……
3. cannot ... too 越……越好2.--- Must I turn off the gas after cooking?
--- Of course. You can never be ____ careful with that.
A. enough B. too
C. so D. very
解析：never be too careful表示“怎么小心也不为过”。enough修饰形容词要后置。not与 too ... to ..句型连用常译为“非常；再...也不为过”。B Go over the grammar and make more negative statements.2. Finish Part C1 and C2 on page
100 of the workbook.3. Learn the useful words and expressions by heart.Homework
The written wordNegative words and negative statementsGrammar and usageLook at the following sentences. Are these sentences true? If not, how to correct them?Money can buy happiness.Money can not buy happiness.Shanghai is not the capital
city of China. Beijing is the capital city of China.Shanghai is the capital
city of China.So, we use negative statements to correct a mistaken idea.
?
Read the guidelines and answer.
1. What are the most commonly used
negative words?The most commonly used negative
words are no, not, never, and neither.2. What are the kinds of negative
statements?(1) auxiliary verb + not(2) not paired with other words(3) other expressions: hardly, far from, seldom, unless, would rather…than…and free from.(4) Complete negation: using no, neither, none or nothing to from complete negation
(5) partial negation: words like all, both, everyone and everything are used in negative sentencesMore examples:1. It is not a long distance from the city centre to the new railway station.
2. It will not be long before most people around the world know how to use the computer.
3. There were not many people present at the meeting.陈述句的否定形式主要有以下几种形式：
1. not加在__________、_______等的后
面。
e.g. She could not answer the question.
She is not a teacher.情态动词be动词2. 若谓语动词是行为动词，前面又没有
助动词或情态动词，需在谓语动词之前加上_______再加___________。
e.g. She doesn’t want to go to the
park.
I haven’t finished my homework. 助动词否定词not3. 用带有否定意义的词来表示______。
这类词有：no, none, nobody, nothing,
nowhere, neither, never, hardly, little,
few, seldom, barely, dislike, disagree,
useless, unimportant, out of ..., far
from..., too ... to 等。否定e.g. No one is in the room.
He never tell lies.
He is anything but a writer.
This is a sentence free from mistakes.
He is too ill to have been anywhere
but in bed.另外要注意以下几种特殊情况：
1. 否定前移。这类词有____________________ 等 。
e.g. I don’t think he has time to play
with me.
I don’t believe he is right.think, believe, expect2. 部分否定和完全否定。
表示部分否定常见的有:_______
________________________等。
e.g. Not both of the students are right. not both，not all，not each / every表示完全否定常见的有：____________
___等。
e.g. Neither of them is right.
No boy is absent. neither, none,
noSharon has written a book report on a Dickens’s classic, Oliver Twist. Read her report and underline any negative expressions used.a childhood without parents
have no parents
hardly has time to relax4. does not like anything
5. seldom have enough food or water
6. is not a good character
7. does not want to steal
8. without any of Fagin’s vices
9. Unless
10. will never be reunited
11. no real family
12. None of love he deserves Read the sentences from Sharon’s diary and complete them using the negative words from the box. Change the form where necessary.not uncommon can’t…too…
would rather…than… not manyMany students ___________ read
contemporary novels ____ classics.
2. It is _____________ for students to have difficulty understanding classics.
3. _________ students in my class
have read Oliver Twist, so I told them
the story.
4. You _____ be ____careful when
collecting these statistics.would ratherthannot uncommonNot manycan’ttoo He pities Oliver, takes him home, and tries to reform him. The word reform here means ‘become or make better by removing or putting right faults, errors’.
变好，改善，改革e.g. The law needs to be reformed.
法律需要进行改革。
She thought she could reform him.
她觉得她可以使他洗心革面。1. auxiliary verb + not (P8)
【考例1】
There’s no light on — they _____ be at home.
A. can’t B. mustn’t
C. needn’t D. shouldn’t考点考例选A。此处要用情态动词表推测，且用于否定句表示“肯定不……”，故can’t符合要求。must表推测时不用于否定句，mustn’t表示“禁止，不许”；needn’t不需要；shouldn’t不应当。【考例2】
– My cat’s really fat.
– You ___ have given her so much
food.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t
C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t 选C。句意为：“我的猫真胖。” “你本不应该给她这么多的食物。” shouldn’t have done sth.本不应该做某事(暗含做了)。【考例3】
– What do you think we can do for our
aged parents?
– You _____ do anything except to be
with them and be yourself.
A. don’t have to B. oughtn’t to
C. mustn’t D. can’t选A。don’t have to不必；oughtn’t to不应当；mustn’t禁止，不允许； can’t不可能，不可以，不能。答语句意为：除了与父母呆在一起、做真实的你以外，你不必做任何事情，所以don’t have to为最佳选项。【考例4】
The biggest problem for most plants, which __________ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.
A. shan’t B. can’t
C. needn’t D. mustn’t 选B。can’t表示“不能”。A项表将来；C项意为“不必”；D项意为“禁止”，都不正确。句意为：对于绝大多数受到威胁时不能站起来就跑的植物来说最大的问题是动物喜欢吃它们。【考例5】
We _____ have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.
A. needn’t B. may not
C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t选Ｂ。句意为：或许我们还没有证明是伟大的探险者，但我们已经取得了在过去的十年里最伟大的进展。may not have done sth. 或许还没做过某事；needn’t have done sth.本没有必要做但做了某事；shouldn’t have done sth.本不应该做但做了某事。【考例6】
I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus, _____?
A. hadn’t you B. wouldn’t you
C. aren’t I D. didn’t she选B。在反意疑问句中，如果主句的谓语动词是think, suppose, believe, imagine, be sure等，且主语为第一人称时，反意疑问句要与后面的宾语从句一致。2. There are many other negative expressions. Some common ones are hardly, far from, seldom, unless, free from, and would rather ... than. (P8)【考例】
Never in my wildest dreams _____ these people are living in such poor conditions.
I could imagine
B. could I imagine
C. I couldn’t imagine
D. couldn’t I imagine选B。表示否定意义的词或短语，如never , hardly, seldom, little, few, by no means, at no time等位于句首时，主句部分使用倒装语序。But for their help, we ____ the
program in time．
A. can not finish
B. will not finish
C. had not finished
D. could not have finished2. A small car is big enough for a family
of three ________ you need more space
for baggage.
A. once B. because
C. if D. unless 3. It is often said that the joy of
traveling is _____ in arriving at your
destination______ in the journey itself.
A. 不填; but B. 不填; or
C. not; or D. not; but4. It was hard for him to learn
English in a family, in which _____
of the parents spoke the language.
A. none B. neither
C. both D. each5. He has made a lot of films, but
______ good ones.
A. any B. some
C. few D. many
6. The book is of great value. ____
can be enjoyed unless you digest it.
A. Nothing B. Something
C. Everything D. Anything 没有否定意义的否定句
语句的表达中有些句子虽然含有表示否定
意义的词, 但整个句子表达的却是肯定的
意思。现归纳如下：
在含有 cannot 短语的一些句子中
1. cannot help +doing 禁不住……
2. cannot but + do; cannot help but + do; cannot choose + do 不得不……
3. cannot ... too 越……越好2.--- Must I turn off the gas after cooking?
--- Of course. You can never be ____ careful with that.
A. enough B. too
C. so D. very
解析：never be too careful表示“怎么小心也不为过”。enough修饰形容词要后置。not与 too ... to ..句型连用常译为“非常；再...也不为过”。B Go over the grammar and make more negative statements.2. Finish Part C1 and C2 on page
100 of the workbook.3. Learn the useful words and expressions by heart.Homework