单元知识检测
教材回扣
答案:1.reached out 2.in sight 3.Watch out for 4.All of a sudden 5.rolled up
Ⅰ.用本单元所学短语完成句子
1.She (伸出) her hands to the keyboard and began
to play.?
2.Peace was (看得到) at last after many years of war.?
3. (留心) vehicles when you get out.?
4. (突然),there was a terrific
bang and a flash of smoke.?
5.His sleeves were (卷起) to his elbows.?
Ⅱ.课文缩写填空
On that afternoon,Polly left work and 1. (step) out in the street,ready to go home at King Street.Polly was told 2. the fog was too thick for the bus to run that far and she had to go to Green Park by underground and find a taxi there.She followed the advice.As 3. . (observe) the passengers on the train,Polly felt a man was watching her.When she got to the station entrance,there was no one 4. sight. She was so 5. (frighten) that she could feel her heart beating with fear.Then an old man offered 6. (help) her.Polly 7. (hesitate) for a moment.A few seconds later,Polly found herself 8. (stare) up at the face of the old man with a beard,and then she found he was the very man that she 9. (wish) for.While walking,the man told Polly to watch 10. for the step.To Polly’s surprise,the man was blind and he got the chance to pay back others’ help in fine weather.?
答案:1.stepped 2.that 3.observing 4.in 5.frightened 6.to help 7.hesitated 8.staring 9.had wished 10.out
语境活用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.People have been (approach) him in the street.
(2018北京,完形填空)?
2. we go there by train or by ship makes no difference.The
time and the fees are the same.?
3.Guests (panic) and screamed when the bomb exploded.?
4. (anxious) has a mental and a physical side.?
答案:1.approaching 2.Whether 3.panicked 4.Anxiety
5.The students were (ignore) of any events outside their
classroom.?
6.The old man wore an eyeglass (attach) to a piece of ribbon.?
7.I (hesitation) to ask you,but will you lend me some money??
8.All I’m hoping for is wherever Michael is he will come
home safe and sound.?
9.Her honeymoon seemed a (distance) memory.?
10.The factory has made an excellent advertisement (attract)
customers to buy its products.?
答案:5.ignorant 6.attached 7.hesitate 8.that 9.distant 10.to attract
Ⅱ.单句语法改错
1.Here are some examples:being cut off in traffic,a deadline
approaches,experiencing physical pain,and much more.
(2018北京,七选五)
2.If you work out bright and early in the morning,you will be more
likely to sticking to healthy food choices throughout the day.
(2018全国Ⅱ,七选五改编)
3.I’m totally confusion.Can you explain that again?
4.When I passed his house,I observed him play in his yard.
5.Brave man as he is,he trembles at sight of snakes.
答案:1.将approaches改为approaching 2.将sticking改为stick 3.将confusion改为confused 4.将play改为playing 5.at后加the
6.He reached from a book on the top of the shelf.
7.The young man,glanced at his watch,took leave hurriedly.
8.We are not interested in if or not they will win the game.
9.The Smiths can afford a large house with a garage attach.
10.This table is three times than the size of that one.
答案:6.将from改为for 7.将glanced改为glancing 8.将if改为whether 9.将attach改为attached 10.去掉than
微写作
1.现在越来越多的人会毫不犹豫地帮助有困难的人。
?
?
2.他们可能会用不同的方法帮助别人。
?
?
答案:1.Now more and more people will help someone in need without hesitation.
2.They may use different approaches to helping others.
(借助过渡性词语或句子就能把5个句子连接成一篇小短文)
答案:3.They are anxious to appeal to more people to do voluntary work.
4.They attach too much importance to this kind of things.
3.他们渴望呼吁更多的人来做志愿工作。
?
?
4.他们把这种事情看得很重要。
?
?
答案:5.At the same time,people who get help are thankful for it and they will pass on this spirit.
5.与此同时,得到帮助的人会很感激并把这样的精神传递下去。
?
?
必修3
Unit 1 The world of our senses
基础知识
考点知识
基础知识·梳理 抓主干·固双基
1. vt.观察;评论
n.观察;观测
n.观察员
2. vi.& n.瞥一眼,匆匆看
3. vi.& vt.靠近
n.靠近;方法
4. vi.犹豫
n.踌躇,犹豫
observe
observation
observer
glance
approach
hesitate
hesitation
单
词
拓
展
5. adj.焦虑,忧虑
adv.焦急地;担忧地
n.焦虑,担心
6. n.轻松,宽慰
vt.缓解;使轻松
7. vi.& n.惊慌,恐慌
8. vt.忽视
n.无知,愚昧
adj.无知的,愚昧的
9. n.距离;远处
adj.远的,疏远的
anxious
anxiously
anxiety
relief
relieve
panic
ignore
ignorance
ignorant
distance
distant
单
词
拓
展
10. vt.使连在一起
n.附属物;附件
11. adj.可能的
12. vt.使糊涂,使迷惑
adj.困惑的,迷惑的
adj.令人困惑的
n.困惑;慌乱
13. adj.有雾的
n.雾
14. vt.& n.预测,预报
n.预测者
attach
attachment
likely
confuse
confused
confusing
confusion
foggy
fog
forecast
forecaster
单
词
拓
展
15. adj.狭窄的
adv.勉强地;狭隘地
16. n.黑暗
adj.黑暗的
17. adv.牢牢地,坚定地
adj.坚定的,坚决的
18. vt.分析
n.分析
19. vt.辨认出;意识到
n.认出;承认
narrow
narrowly
darkness
dark
firmly
firm
analyse
analysis
recognize
recognition
单
词
拓
展
20. n.缺陷;伤残
vt.使丧失能力
adj.残疾的,伤残的
21. adj.抱有希望的
adv.有希望地
v.& n.希望
22. n.珠宝
n.宝石
23. vt.吸引
n.吸引
adj.有吸引力的
disability
disable
disabled
hopeful
hopefully
hope
jewellery
jewel
attract
attraction
attractive
单
词
拓
展
24. adj.沉着的
vt.& vi.使平静
adv.镇静地,沉着地
n.冷静,沉着
25. adj.松动的
vt.松开
26. vt.使用;雇佣
n.受雇者,雇员
n.雇主,雇佣者
n.雇佣;使用
27.contrary adj._________
28.reduce vt.& vi._______
calm
calmly
calmness
loose
employ
employee
employer
employment
相反的
减少
单
词
拓
展
1. sight 看得到
2.reach 伸出(手)
3.watch out 留心
4.wish 盼望,企盼
5.roll 卷起来
6.ring (铃声等)突然响起
7.can’t (doing) 禁不住(做某事)
8.make the most 充分利用
9.all a sudden 突然,猛地
10. the distance 在远处,在远方
in
out
for
for
up
out
help
of
of
in
短
语
记
忆
1.Polly the face of an old man
with a beard.波莉抬头看去,发现是一位长着络腮胡子的老人。
2.Don’t be frightened by sharks:you ______
be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.不要惧
怕鲨鱼,因为你被闪电击中的几率要比被鲨鱼攻击的几率大30倍。
3. lost today,and I’d like to help
them.今天说不定还有更多的人会迷路呢,我想去帮帮他们。
found
herself
staring
up
at
are
30
times
more
likely
to
There
may
be
more
people
句
型
整
理
1.observe vt.观察;遵守;注意;评论;庆祝
考点知识·导练 解疑难·提知能
归纳
拓展 ①observe sb. do/doing sth.注意到某人做/正在做某事
②observe that...注意到……
③under observation 受到监视
英文典例:
①Therefore,rules should be worked out and strictly observed.
(2016江苏卷)
因此应该制定出规章制度并严格执行。
②She observed that he’d left but made no comment.
她看见他离去,但未置一词。
即学即用:写出下列句子中observe的意思
When we ①observe festivals,we must ②observe the traffic regulations.If we ③observe someone running a red light,we should stop him.
① ② ③ ?
答案:①庆祝 ②遵守 ③观察;看见
2.glance n.一瞥;扫视
vi.瞥一眼;浏览
英文典例:
①She glanced shyly at him and then lowered her eyes.
她羞怯地偷看了他一下,随即垂下眼帘。
②At first glance the problem seemed easy.
乍一看问题似乎很简单。
归纳拓展 ①at first glance乍一看;乍看之下
②give/take a glance at...对……匆匆一看,一瞥
③glance at 匆匆看一下
④glance over/through 粗略地/随便地看一看;浏览
词语辨析:
She glanced at her watch.她匆匆看了看表。
She glared at him accusingly.
她用责备的眼光怒视着他。
I stared blankly at the paper in front of me.
我茫然地看着面前这张纸。
glance “匆匆一看”,指快速地看了某人或某物一眼。
glare “怒目而视,瞪眼,瞪视”,强调敌意或畏惧,后常跟at。
stare “凝视,盯着看”,强调集中注意力看,后常跟at。
即学即用:用glance at/glare at/stare at的适当形式填空
①The old gentleman just stood there the pickpocket.?
②The boy the broken glass he dropped on the floor,and
did not know what to do.?
③Tom the newspaper and handed it to me.?
答案:①glaring at ②stared at ③glanced at
3.approach vi.& vt.靠近;着手处理
n.靠近;方法;路径
归纳拓展 ①approach sb./sth. 接近,靠近某人/某物
②an approach to sth. 解决……的方法
③the approach of ……的来临
英文典例:
①Over the years,there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.
(2018全国Ⅰ,七选五)
这些年来,已经有许多不同的技术帮助设计者处理这个重要的问题。
②As you approach the town,you’ll see the college on the left.
快到市镇时就可以看见左边的学院。
③The school has decided to adopt a different approach to
discipline.
学校决定采取另外一种方式解决纪律问题。
词语辨析:
way 用于表示处理任何事物的方法,常与to/of搭配。
means 单复数同形,表示为达到某种目的而采取的方法,常与of搭配。
method 合乎逻辑的、科学系统的方法,常与of搭配。
approach 指解决某一特定问题的方法,尤其是经过深思熟虑的方法,常与to搭配。
That’s not the right way to hold a pair of scissors.
那样拿剪刀不对。
The load was lifted by means of a crane.
重物是用起重机吊起来的。
We have to find a new method of solving the problem.
我们不得不找到一个解决这个问题的新方法。
I have an analytical approach to every survey.
对每项调查我都采用分析方法。
即学即用:用way,means,method,approach填空
①A new training was introduced.?
②The best to receive love is to give it.?
③At the meeting they discussed three to the study of
mathematics.?
④They succeeded by of working hard.?
答案:①method ②way ③approaches ④means
4.hesitate vi.犹豫,迟疑不决
归纳拓展 ①hesitate about/over...对……犹豫不决
②hesitate to do sth.对做某事有顾虑
③have no hesitation in doing sth.毫不犹豫地做某事
④without (any) hesitation 毫不犹豫地
英文典例:
①A few students hesitated to start.(2016全国Ⅱ,阅读理解B)
几个学生犹豫着开始了。
②I have no hesitation in recommending her for the job.
我毫不犹豫地推荐她做这项工作。
③She agreed without the slightest hesitation.
她毫不犹豫地同意了。
即学即用:完成句子
①I (对……犹豫不决) whether to accept the
invitation.?
②He accepted the job offer (毫不犹豫地).?
③We (毫不犹豫地) accepting
your most generous offer.?
答案:①hesitated about ②without hesitation ③have no hesitation in
5.anxious adj.焦虑,忧虑
归纳拓展 ①be anxious about...为……担心/担忧
②be anxious for sb.为某人担心/担忧
③be anxious for/to do sth.渴望某事/做某事
④be anxious for sb. to do sth.渴望某人做某事
⑤with anxiety焦虑地
英文典例:
①Anxious all the time,I was unable to keep focused for more than
an hour at a time.(2016北京,阅读理解A)
由于总是焦虑,我集中精力的时间一次都不能超过一小时。
②Parents are naturally anxious for their children.
父母自然为儿女担心。
③She was anxious to finish school and get a job.
她渴望毕业,然后找工作。
即学即用:完成句子
父母正在焦虑地等着他们的孩子。他们在大门口焦急地来回走,因为他们担心孩子们的安全。
Parents were waiting for their children .They walked up and down at the gate,because they were about their children’s safety.?
答案:with anxiety;anxiously;anxious
6.relief n.轻松,宽慰
英文典例:
①Much to my relief the car was not damaged.
令我非常庆幸的是车并没有损坏。
②Let me relieve you of some of your bags.
我来帮你拿几个袋子吧。
归纳拓展 ①to one’s relief 令人感到庆幸的是
②relieve sb.of sth.替……拿重物;帮助……减轻(负担)
即学即用:完成句子
①令我非常庆幸的是她的伤势很轻。
Much ,her injuries were only slight.?
,her injuries were only
slight.?
②这一切都是为了把妇女从家务劳动中解放出来。
All this was done to women household chores.?
答案:①to my relief;To my great relief ②relieve;of
7.panic vi.& n.惊慌,恐慌
归纳拓展 ①panic sb.into doing sth.使某人(因惊慌)仓促做某事
②panic over/about 因……而惊慌
③get into a panic 陷入惊慌状态
④in (a) panic 惊慌失措地
英文典例:
①I panicked when I saw smoke coming out of the engine.
我看见发动机冒烟时,吓得手足无措。
②There’s no point getting into a panic about the exams.
对考试惊惶失措是没有用的。
③Office workers fled in panic as the fire took hold.
火势起来时,办公室人员惊慌逃出。
即学即用:完成句子
①当事故发生时,所有的人都陷入了恐慌。
When the accident happened,all the people .
.?
②动物们对森林大火感到恐慌。
The animals the forest fire.?
答案:①got into a panic ②panicked over
8.ignore vt.不顾,不理,忽视,不予理睬
归纳拓展 ①ignore sb.不理某人
②ignore sth.无视某物
③be ignorant of/about sth./sb.对……不知道
④out of ignorance 由于无知
⑤ignorance of/about sth.对……无知
英文典例:
①I said hello to her,but she ignored me completely!
我向她打招呼,可她根本不理我!
②I can’t ignore his rudeness any longer.
他粗暴无礼,我再也不能不闻不问了。
③Children often behave badly out of ignorance.
儿童往往出于无知而不守规矩。
即学即用:用ignore的适当形式填空
①He is about modern technology.?
②He all the ‘No Smoking’ signs and lit up a cigarette.?
③I am embarrassed by my complete of history.?
答案:①ignorant ②ignored ③ignorance
9.distance n.距离
归纳拓展 ①in the distance在远方,在远处
②at/from a distance隔一段距离;距离稍远一些
③keep one’s distance from避开,不接近
④keep sb.at a distance与某人保持疏远
英文典例:
①We slept in a tent,cooked over an open fire,and walked a long
distance to take the shower.(2017全国Ⅰ,七选五)
我们睡在帐篷里,在篝火上做饭,并且走很长的路去洗澡。
②We saw lights in the distance.
我们看到了远处的点点灯光。
③She was warned to keep her distance from Charles if she didn’t
want to get hurt.有人告诫她说,如果不想受到伤害,就离查尔斯远一点。
即学即用:完成句子
①他不再对邻居冷淡了。
He no longer keeps his neighbors . ?
②汽车的声音消失在远方。
The noise of the car died away . ?
答案:①at a distance ②in the distance
10.attach vt.使连在一起,把……附在……上;认为……重要
归纳拓展 ①attach sth.to sth.把某物固定(附)在某物上
②attach importance/significance/weight/value to sth.
认为……有重要性/意义/分量/价值
③attach oneself to sb.参加,和……在一起,缠着
④attach to sb./sth.与某人/某物有关联(联系)
⑤be attached to 附属于;喜欢;依恋
英文典例:
①I attach great importance to this research.
我认为这项研究十分重要。
②No one is suggesting that any health risks attach to this
product.
没有人指出这个产品可能会危害健康。
③The research unit is attached to the university.
这个研究单位附属于大学。
即学即用:语法填空
①The hospital is (attach) to that university.?
②Do you attach much importance what he says??
答案:①attached ②to
11.likely adj.可能的,有希望的
adv. 很可能
英文典例:
①It isn’t likely to rain.不大像要下雨。
②“He said you’d be giving them a lift.”“Not likely!”
“他说你会让他们搭便车。”“绝不可能!”
归纳拓展 ①be likely to do sth.可能干某事
②Not likely![口]不可能!才不呢!(强调否认或拒绝)
词语辨析:
likely 用于①It is likely+that从句
②Sb./Sth.be likely to do sth.
但一般不用于It is likely for sb.to do sth.
possible 用于①It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.
②It is possible+that从句
但不用于Sb. be possible to do sth.
probable 常用于It is probable+that从句
I’m hardly likely to finish it within a week.
我不可能在一周内把它干完。
It is possible for us to finish the task in two days.
我们两天之内完成这项任务是有可能的。
It is probable that the disease has a genetic element.
这种疾病很可能有遗传因素。
【巧学助记】
即学即用:选词填空:likely,possible,probable
①It is for her to finish that maths problem in such a
short time,because she is so clever.?
②The weather is to be fine.?
③There is only 5 minutes left.It is highly that we will
be late.?
答案:①possible ②likely ③probable
12.in sight 看得见,被看到;在即,在望
归纳拓展 ①at first sight 乍一看,初次看见时
②at the sight of 一看见就……
③catch sight of 发现;看见
④lose sight of 看不见
⑤out of sight 看不见
⑥in sb.’s sight (=in the sight of sb.)在某人看来
英文典例:
①Follow that man and keep him in sight all the time.
要跟着那个人,一直盯着他。
②We laughed at the sight of his strange clothes.
我们看到他那怪模怪样的衣服都笑了起来。
③The house was out of sight behind a wall.
房子被墙遮住看不见了。
④We are all equal in the sight of God.
在上帝眼里我们都是平等的。
即学即用:用sight短语的适当形式填空
①The ship went down and at last went .?
②She was swallowed up by the crowd and we her.?
③They fell in love as soon as they met: it was love .?
④I my old friend in town yesterday.?
答案:①out of sight ②lost sight of ③at first sight
④caught sight of
13.reach out伸出(手)
归纳拓展 ①reach for伸手去拿/够……
②reach an agreement达成协议
③beyond one’s reach (=out of one’s reach/out of
the reach of sb.)某人够不着
④within one’s reach/within the reach of sb.某人够
得着
英文典例:
①Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a
significantly greater sense of belonging,a bond with others.
(2018全国Ⅱ,阅读理解D)
邓恩认为与陌生人接触的人会有一种更强烈的归属感,即与他人的联系。
②She reached inside her bag for a pen.
她把手伸到包里掏钢笔。
③Cleaning fluids should be kept out of the reach of children.
洗涤剂应该放在孩子们够不到的地方。
即学即用:完成句子
①It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot .
(容易够到的地方).?
②After years of fighting,they finally .
(达成协议).?
答案:①within easy reach ②reached an agreement
14.watch out for 留意,留心,密切注意
归纳拓展 ①watch out 留意,当心
②watch for 观察等待
③watch over 照管;保护
④keep (a) close/careful watch on 密切注视,严密监视
⑤be on the watch (for sb./sth.) 小心提防;警戒
⑥be on watch 值班;监视
英文典例:
①Watch out for the stairs—they’re steep.
小心楼梯,这些台阶很陡。
②Watch out!There’s a car coming!
小心!汽车来了!
③The government is keeping a close watch on how the situation
develops.
政府正在密切注视着形势的发展。
④Be on the watch for thieves.要提防小偷。
写作联想:典例②其他表达方式
①Look out! There’s a car coming!
②Be careful! There’s a car coming!
即学即用:语法填空
①When you are walking in wild woods,you have to watch out
snakes.?
②Can you watch my cat while I’m away for a holiday??
③The man watch cried out:“Dangers ahead!”?
答案:①for ②over ③on
15.Polly found herself staring up at the face of an old man with a
beard.
波莉抬头看去,发现是一位长着络腮胡子的老人。
归纳拓展 find+宾语+宾语补足语,“发现/觉得……处于某种状态”。
①find+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语
②find+宾语+现在分词(宾语与现在分词所表示的动作之间是
主谓关系,表动作的进行或持续)
③find+宾语+过去分词(过去分词所表示的动作与宾语之间是
动宾关系,表示动作的被动或完成)
④find+宾语+名词(宾语和名词之间是系表关系)
英文典例:
①She woke up and found herself in a hospital bed.
她醒来发觉自己躺在医院的床上。
②I suddenly found myself running down the street.
我不知不觉突然在街上跑了起来。
特别提示:①如果宾语是动词不定式或从句,习惯上用形式宾语it来代替,并把真正的宾语放在句末。
I found it difficult to learn Chinese.我觉得学汉语很难。
有类似用法的动词还有:make,feel,think,consider等。
She feels it her duty to take good care of her sick mother.她觉得好好照顾生病的母亲是她的职责。
②如果变成被动语态,那么宾语变成了主语,宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。
He was found cheating in the examination.
他在考试中被发现作弊。
即学即用:完成句子
①我发现他躺在地板上。
I found him on the floor.?
②他发现这个城市发生了巨大的变化。
He found the city much .?
③我们发现这张地图已完全过时。
We found the map quite . ?
④我发现和他相处很难。
I found get along with him.?
答案:①lying ②changed ③out of date ④it hard to
16.Don’t be frightened by sharks:you are 30 times more likely to
be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.
不要惧怕鲨鱼,因为你被闪电击中的几率要比被鲨鱼攻击的几率大30倍。
归纳拓展 英语中表示倍数的句型有:
①A+谓语动词+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+B
②A+谓语动词+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than+B
③A+谓语动词+倍数+the size/length/height/depth/width+
of+B
④A+谓语动词+形容词或副词的比较级+than+B+by+倍数
⑤A+谓语动词+倍数+what从句
英文典例:
①He has got twice as many books as his sister.
他的书的数量是他妹妹的两倍。
②The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster
than traditional garbage as a whole.
总体来说,电子废物流的增长速度比传统的垃圾要快三倍。
③This river is ten times the length of that river.
这条河的长度是那条河的十倍。
④The output of this year is three times what it was in 2015.
今年的产量是2015年的三倍。
特别提示:①一般来讲,两倍用twice或double,三倍及三倍以上用...times表达;
②that/those of...多用于产量、生产等方面的比较,指代前面的同名异物名词。
即学即用:句型转换
The new stadium being built will be three times as big as the present one.
①The new stadium being built will be .
the present one.?
②The new stadium being built will be .
the present one.?
答案:①twice bigger than ②three times the size of
Unit 1 The world of our senses
能力提升题组训练(A)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2018北京海淀区高三二模)
Why Do People Blink Their Eyes?
People blink(眨眼)their eyes tens of thousands of times every day.Scientists have long believed blinking was an involuntary movement and served mainly to keep the eyeballs wet.But a new study suggests it has a more important purpose.
An international team of scientists from the University of California at Berkeley studied the blinking of human eyelids.The journal Current Biology published their findings.The team said they found that blinking “repositions our eyeballs so we can stay focused” on what we are seeing.They said that when we blink our eyelids,the eyes roll back into their sockets—the bony area that surrounds and protects the eyes.However,the researchers found the eyes don’t always return to the same position.They said this causes the brain to tell the eye muscles to reorganize our eyesight.
Gerrit Maus is the lead writer of the report.He serves as an assistant professor of psychology at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore.Maus said,“Our eye muscles are quite sluggish(迟缓的)and imprecise,so the brain needs to constantly adapt its motor signals to make sure our eyes are pointing where they’re supposed to.Our findings suggested that the brain measures the difference in what we see before and after a blink,and commands the eye muscles to make the needed corrections.” The researchers said that without such corrections our surroundings would appear unclear and even jumpy.They said the movement acts “like a steadicam(摄影机稳定器)of the mind.”
The researchers said they asked volunteers to sit in a dark room while staring at a small dot on a flat surface.They used special cameras to follow the volunteers’ blinks and eye movements.After each blink,the dot was moved one centimeter to the right.The volunteers did not notice this,but the brain did.It followed the movement and directed the eye muscles to refocus on the dot.After the dot was moved in this way 30 times,the volunteers’ eyes changed their focus to the place where they predicted it would be.
Professor Maus said,“Even though participants did not consciously register that the dot had moved,their brains did,and adjusted with the corrective eye movements.These findings add to our understanding of how the brain constantly adapts to changes,commanding our eye muscles to correct for errors in our bodies’ own hardware.”
1.According to the new study,blinking eyes can .?
A.serve to keep the eyeballs wet B.reposition eyeballs to stay focused
C.consciously correct eye movements D.make our eyes adapt to motor signals
2.From the experiment,we can learn that .?
A.volunteers could see the moving dot with special cameras
B.the eyeballs could stay in the place as they were predicted
C.participants were aware of the dot’s movements to the right
D.the brain commanded the eye muscles to refocus on the dot
3.The underlined word “register” in Paragraph 5 probably means .?
A.realize B.refocus C.reserve D.reason
4.This passage shows that .?
A.eye muscles are quite inactive and imprecise
B.the research is of great value in the eye movement
C.the brain plays an important role in seeing things clearly
D.volunteers control their blinks to follow the changes of the dot
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。科学家们认为眼球的不断闪烁有一个更重要的用途——让我们可以保持眼神的集中。
答案及剖析:
1.B 细节理解题。根据The team said they found that blinking“ repositions our eyeballs so we can stay focused”on what we are seeing...They said this causes the brain to tell the eye muscles to reorganize our eyesight.可知,眨眼睛是在复位我们的眼球,这样我们可以专注于我们所看到的。故选B。
2.D 细节理解题。根据After each blink,the dot was moved one centimeter to the right.The volunteers did not notice this,but the brain did.It followed the movement and directed the eye muscles to refocus on the dot.可知,是我们的大脑指挥着眼部肌肉,使得眼球重新聚焦在点上。故选D
3.A 词义猜测题。本句句意为“即使参与者没有意识到点的移动,但是他们的大脑意识到了,并调整矫正眼球随之运动。”故选A。
4.C 主旨大意题。由全文内容可知,我们的大脑指挥着眼部肌肉,通过眨眼睛的动作复位我们的眼球,使得眼球重新聚焦在我们看的物体上。所以,大脑在我们看清物体方面起着重要作用。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2018安徽合肥联考)
A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment.The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference.1. ?
Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways.2.
After a while,it collects in the sea.And plastic never goes away.Plastic is not biodegradable—destroyed by bacteria or natural processes.Instead,it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time.The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants(污染物).3. That means harmful material may get into our food supply.?
4. Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it.They can use fewer single-use product containers and throw plastics away correctly. Plastic recycling programs also work—where old bottles and other plastics are collected,broken down and used to make new products.We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to,rather than end it after the first use.We could, when we get rid of that plastic,recycle it and reuse it,which replaces the need for raw materials.?
The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics.5.
And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use.By putting a new value on plastic,industry has a special reason to clean up the environment.?
But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem.
A.Then,fish may eat the plastics.
B.But people can make a big difference.
C.Plastics should be gathered together and reused.
D.It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life.
E.It asks for them to better measure and control plastic use.
F.The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters.
G.The report tells about harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation.
答案:1-5 GFABE
Ⅲ.完形填空
Where do you go when you want to learn something?School?A friend?A tutor?These are all 1 places of learning.But it may well be that the learning you really want 2 somewhere else instead.I had the 3 of seeing this first hand on a 4 .?
My daughter plays on a recreational soccer team.They did very well this season and so 5 a tournament,which normally was only for more skilled club teams.This led to some 6 experiences on Saturday as they played against teams 7 trained. Through the first two games,her 8 did not get one serious shot on goal.As a parent,I 9 seeing my daughter playing her best, 10 still defeated.?
It seemed that something clicked with the 11 between Saturday and Sunday.When they 12 for their Sunday game,they were 13 different.They had begun to integrate(融合)the kinds of play and teamwork they had 14 the day before into their 15 .They played aggressively and 16 scored a goal.?
It 17 me that playing against the other team was a great 18 moment for all the girls on the team.I think it is a general principle. 19 is the best teacher.The lessons they learned may not be 20 what they would have gotten in school,but are certainly more personal and meaningful,because they had to work them out on their own.?
1.A.public B.traditional C.official D.special
2.A.passes B.works C.lies D.ends
3.A.dream B.idea C.habit D.chance
4.A.trip B.holiday C.weekend D.square
5.A.won B.entered C.organized D.watched
6.A.painful B.strange C.common D.practical
7.A.less B.poorly C.newly D.better
8.A.fans B.tutors C.class D.team
9.A.imagined B.hated C.avoided D.missed
10.A.if B.or C.but D.as
11.A.girls B.parents C.coaches D.viewers
12.A.dressed B.showed up C.made up D.planned
13.A.slightly B.hardly C.basically D.completely
14.A.seen B.known C.heard D.read
15.A.styles B.training C.game D.rules
16.A.even B.still C.seldom D.again
17.A.confused B.struck C.reminded D.warned
18.A.touching B.thinking C.encouraging D.learning
19.A.Experience B.Independence C.Curiosity D.Interest
20.A.harmful to B.mixed with C.different from D.applied to
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。作者的女儿所在的足球队在和训练有素的对手比赛时前两场输了,但是这些女孩子把比赛的经验融合到了第二天的比赛中,终于得分了。作者由此得出了“经验是最好的老师”的结论。
答案及剖析:
1.B 空格前的“School? A friend? A tutor?”所指的都是传统的(traditional) 我们可以求教的地方。public公共的; official官方的; special特殊的。
2.C 根据空格后面的somewhere else instead可知,该句意思是“但很可能你真正想要学习的却在(lies)其他某个地方”。pass经过;work工作;end结束。
3.D 结合空格后面的seeing this first hand可知,作者有机会(chance)亲眼看到这样的事情。dream 梦想;idea想法;habit习惯。
4.C 根据下文中的Saturday和between Saturday and Sunday这些信息可知,她们踢球的时间是周末(weekend)。trip旅游,holiday假日,square广场,均不能在文中找到与之相关的信息。
5.B 根据空格后面的a tournament,which normally was only for more skilled club teams可知,一般来说只有技术更好的俱乐部球队才能参加(entered)锦标赛。win赢;organize组织;watch观看。
6.A 结合上下文可知,她们周末对抗的球队是一些受过更好训练的强队,因此这给她们带来的肯定是一些痛苦的(painful)经历。strange奇怪的,common普通的,practical实际的,均与语境不符。
7.D 根据上文提到的more skilled club teams可知,这些参加锦标赛的球队都是经过更好(better)训练的球队。less更少,poorly糟糕地,二者意思与语境相反;newly最近,新近,与语境不符。
8.D 由空格所在句中的games(比赛)及shot(射门)可知,此处是指她的球队(team)表现不佳。fan迷,狂热爱好者;tutor导师;class班级。
9.B 根据下文的playing her best...still defeated可知,作者不愿意(hated)看到女儿尽力踢球但却仍然被打败的情景。hate doing sth.厌恶做某事。imagine想象,avoid避免,miss错过,均与语境不符。
10.C 根据前面的playing her best和后面的defeated可知,女儿虽然尽力了,但还是被打败了。前后是一种转折关系,故选but。
11.A 读文章可知这是一支女子足球队,因此这里指那些女孩子(girls)。parent父亲(或母亲);coach教练;viewer观众。
12.B 结合空格后面的for their Sunday game我们知道,这是她们在周日比赛露面(showed up)的时候。dress穿(衣服);make up编造;plan计划。
13.D 结合语境,尤其是上文中的...something clicked with the...可知,好像这些女孩子们突然领悟到了什么,这次露面时,她们完全(completely)不一样了。slightly稍微,hardly几乎不,basically基本地,均与语境不符。
14.A 结合语境They had begun to integrate(融合) the kinds of play and teamwork they had the day before...我们知道,作者女儿的这个队把昨天她们看到(seen)的融合到今天的比赛中来了,而不是know“知道”,hear“听到”或read“读”。?
15.C 根据上文提到的their Sunday game我们知道,她们把从对方那里学到的打法和团队合作精神融合到今天的比赛(game)中来。style风格;training 训练;rule规则。
16.A 结合空格前的They played aggressively...可知,她们富有攻击性地踢球,甚至(even)得分了。still仍然,seldom很少,again又,再,均与语境不符。
17.B It strikes/struck sb.that...“某人突然想起……”,是固定句式,it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句。这里的strike可以换成hit或occur to。confuse使困惑,remind提醒,warn警告,均与语境不符。
18.D 根据文章首句Where do you go when you want to learn something?可知,本文谈论的主要是学习,作者认为和训练有素的对手进行比赛是这些女孩子们学习(learning)的良机,以此紧扣文章主题。touching感人的,thinking有思考力的,encouraging鼓舞人心的,均与语境不符。
19.A 通读全文可知,作者认为和训练有素的对手比赛的经验(experience)是最好的老师。因此选项A正确。
20.C 句意为“她们学到的经验可能与在学校得到的并无区别(different from),但一定更加个性化,更有意义,因为她们必须靠自己来弄清楚”。be harmful to对……有害;be mixed with与……混合;be applied to应用于。
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Unit 1 The world of our senses
能力提升题组训练(B)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018江苏苏州一模)
In English the sky is blue,and the grass is green.But in Vietnamese there is just one color category for both sky and grass:xanh.For decades cognitive(认知的) scientists have pointed to such examples as evidence that language largely determines how we see color.But new research with four-to six-month-old babies indicates that long before we learn language,we see up to five basic categories of color—a finding that suggests a stronger biological element to perceive(感知) color than previously thought.
The study,published recently in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA,tested the color-discrimination abilities of more than 170 British babies.Researchers at the University of Sussex in England measured how long babies spent staring at color swatches,a system known as looking time.First babies were showed one swatch repeatedly until their looking time decreased—a sign they had grown bored with it.Then the researchers showed them a different sample and noted their reaction.Longer looking times were explained to mean the babies considered the second sample to be a new color.Their increasing responses showed that they distinguished among five colors:red,green,blue,purple and yellow.
“The finding suggests you come by nature to make color distinctions,but given your culture and language,certain distinctions may or may not be used,”explains lead author Alice Skelton,a doctoral student at Sussex.
The study systematically explored babies’ color perception,revealing how we perceive colors before we have the words to describe them,says Angela M.Brown,an experimental psychologist at the Ohio State University’s College of Optometry,who was not involved with the new research.The results add a new challenge to the long nature-versus-nurture debate and the so-called Sapir Whorf hypothesis(假设)—the idea that the way we see the world is shaped by language.
In future work,Skelton and her colleagues are interested in testing babies from other cultures.“The way language and culture interact is a really interesting question,”she says.“We don’t yet know the exact systems,but we do know how we start off.”
1.What’s the finding of the new research?
A.It clarifies what makes babies perceive colors.
B.It proves human color recognition is inborn.
C.It finds how many colors babies can perceive.
D.It shows the color culture is shaped by language.
2.According to the new research,we can learn that .?
A.swatches affect babies in memory and attention
B.longer looking times are based on the psychology
C.researchers determine babies’ color perception
D.babies can tell the differences of some colors
3.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A.Rainbow in the Baby’s World B.A Journey to the World of Colors
C.A New Challenge:Language vs.Culture D.Different Babies,Different Color Perception
语篇解读:本文是说明文。英国萨塞克斯大学一项对婴儿的研究发现,人类生来具有区分颜色的能力。
答案及剖析:
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段“But new research with four-to six-month-old babies...to perceive(感知) color than previously thought”可知,对4—6个月大的婴儿研究后发现在我们学习语言前,已看出多达5种基本颜色。即人类辨别颜色的能力是天生的。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第二段“Their increasing responses showed that they distinguished among five colors:red,green,blue,purple and yellow.”可知,婴儿能够区分一些颜色。
3.A 文章标题题。通读全文可知,最新研究表明婴儿具有区分颜色的能力。“rainbow(彩虹)”在此指代颜色。故A项“婴儿世界里的彩虹(色彩)”作为标题最合适。
B
Instagram is containing so many photos of food—now a pop-up diner in London is taking advantage of this new trend by letting people settle the bill for their meals simply by uploading photos of their dishes to social networks.
I always thought people’s taking pictures of their food was kind of silly, but at this new pop-up restaurant in the UK, I’d probably do it too.‘The Picture House’ is the world’s first pay-by-photo restaurant—you order, click a photo of the food, share on Instagram and eat for free!
The restaurant belongs to frozen food giant Birds Eye, who came up with the idea to cash in on people’s addiction with photographing food and sharing the pictures online. They conducted a survey and found out that more than half of the British population regularly took pictures of their meals.So they realized it was a better way to advertise their new dining range.
The pop-up diner was open in Soho, London for three days in May, and is now moving to other major UK cities.They serve two-course meals that customers don’t have to pay for, if they photo and Instagram it.
The restaurant is a part of Birds Eye’s ‘Food for Life’ campaign, a new marketing project that aims at changing the way people look at frozen food.“Taking photos of food enables people to show off and to share their mealtime moments—from the everyday to the special,” said marketing director Margaret Jobling.
The reaction to The Picture House has been great so far.And the pay-by-picture concept has proven to be an effective way.Alternative payment methods are actually gaining popularity among a lot of businesses.Last year, in a cafe in Germany customers pay by how much time they spend there, not by what they eat.
4.Instagram probably is .?
A.a restaurant free of charge B.a campaign of “Food for Life”
C.a new marketing project D.a program used to share photos
5.What’s the author’s attitude to this new trend?
A.Opposed. B.Interested.
C.Confused. D.Unconcerned.
6.‘The Picture House’ encourages sharing photos of its food to .?
A.attract more customers B.raise the price of frozen food
C.create a new social media trend D.reward the regular customers
7.Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage?
A.No Need to Pay. B.The Pop-up Diner.
C.Pay by Picture. D.Food for Life.
语篇解读:本文是记叙文。讲的是英国一家餐厅将餐厅经营与时下流行的照片分享相结合的事例。人们上传照片可免单。
答案及剖析:
4.D 推理判断题。从全文大意中可推断出Instagram是用于共享照片的程序,故选D。
5. B 推理判断题。根据第二段中I always thought people’s taking pictures of their food was kind of silly, but at this new pop-up restaurant in the UK, I’d probably do it too.可以看出作者在这样的餐厅里可能也会拍照上传照片的。可见作者对这一趋势感兴趣,故选B。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中So they realized it was a better way to advertise their new dining range.可以看出,如此做是想为他们新的业务做广告,以吸引更多的顾客。故 选A。
7.C 主旨大意题。英国一家餐厅将餐厅经营与时下流行的照片分享相结合,人们只要上传照片就可以获得免单。因此最好的标题是“用照片买单”,故选C。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2018高考英语原创押题预测卷)
As is known to all,we live in a world of germs(细菌).It is impossible to avoid exposure.Genetic makeups may give some people 1. advantage over others. However,it does not stop people 2. (become) sick.?
All of us have been a victim of an 3. (ill) at some point in our lives. Moreover,it is likely that we 4. (get) sick again in the future.Our best chances of avoiding sickness 5. (be) by exercising and employing good 6. (habit).?
While good hygiene and exercise serve as obvious advice to most people,eating 7. (healthy) is not always obvious.If you cannot define “healthy”,then your immune system will be happy 8. (tell) you.The immune system is the foundation of our health.It works for us every day to keep us well.Ask yourself:“Are you making its job easier 9. harder?”?
Like any system,the immune system is not different.It has a tolerance too.If you eat unhealthily,your immune system will make you aware of it.
Take a step 10. the right direction by including some healthy food in your diet.?
答案及剖析:
1.an 考查冠词。advantage 是以元音音素开头的可数名词,在此处是泛指概念,表示“一个优势”,故填an。
2.becoming 考查非谓语动词。stop sb.(from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事。
3.illness 考查名词。冠词an 后面跟名词单数形式,故填illness。
4.will get 考查动词时态。根据时间状语in the future 判断用将来时。
5.are 考查主谓一致和时态。主语是chances,谓语动词用复数形式,根据语境判断用一般现在时,故填are。
6.habits 考查名词复数。habit是可数名词,此处用复数形式。
7.healthily 考查副词。修饰eating,故用副词形式。
8.to tell 考查非谓语动词。固定搭配be happy to do sth.很高兴做某事。
9.or 考查连词。根据语境判断此处表示选择关系,句意:你在让免疫系统的工作更容易还是更难呢?
10.in 考查介词。朝某个方向,介词用in。
Ⅲ.短文改错
(2018高考英语原创押题预测卷)
My favorite proverb is “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”It mean that true friends always come to you when you’re in trouble.Last term,my father met with a traffic accident,but his right leg got injured seriously.Consequently,he received the operation and I had to look after him in the hospital.Learned about this,Li Lei was offered to take care of my father without hesitation.He also helped me make up for my missing lessons.Thank to his help and inspiration,I went through the difficulty period and regained confidence.However,a true friend always spares no effort help you when you are in trouble.We all should try to make so good friends.
答案:My favorite proverb is “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”It that true friends always come to you when you’re in trouble.Last term,my father met with a traffic accident,his right leg got injured seriously.Consequently,he received operation and I had to look after him in the hospital.about this,Li Lei was offered to take care of my father without hesitation.He also helped me make up for my missing lessons.to his help and inspiration,I went through the period and regained confidence.,a true friend always spares no effort help you when you are in trouble.We all should try to make good friends.
剖析:考查动词的第三人称单数的用法。It在句中作主语,指代上文的谚语“A friend in need is a friend indeed”,谓语动词用单数,并且句子是一般现在时,所以mean 要用第三人称单数形式,故将mean 改为means。
考查连词。前面说到“我父亲遇到车祸”,后面提到“他的右腿受伤严重”,所以前后应该是递进关系,而不是转折关系,故将but改为and。
考查冠词。因为“我父亲腿部受伤”,所以接受了一个手术。第一次提到手术,要用an,不能用定冠词the,故将the 改为an。
考查非谓语动词。本句中句子的主语应该是后面的Li Lei,和learn为主动关系,所以应该使用learn 的主动形式,也就是说要用现在分词,而不是过去分词。故将Learned 改为Learning。
考查动词语态。这里是李雷主动提出照顾“我父亲”,所以应该用主动语态,故将offered前面的was 去掉。
考查固定搭配。thanks to 是固定搭配,所以要在Thank 后面加上s,故将Thank 改为Thanks。
考查形容词的用法。这里应该用形容词修饰名词period,指“困难的时期”,所以应该将名词difficulty 改为形容词形式difficult。
考查副词的用法。此处是承接、总结前面的话,所以前后应该是因果关系,故将However 改为Therefore。
考查非谓语动词。spare no effort to do 是固定短语,意思是“不遗余力做某事”,所以要在help 之前加上to。
so 修饰形容词或副词。such 修饰单数或复数名词。friends 是复数名词,所以应该用such 修饰,故将so 改为such。
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