单元知识检测
教材回扣
Ⅰ.用本单元所学短语完成句子
1.We oppose any plan to (减少) the education budget.?
2.The coal industry is running down as coal supplies are _
(用完) in this area.?
3.There was no longer any doubt that the enemy’s offensive was .
(进行中).?
4.She was (挑选) from thousands of applicants for the job.?
5. (关于) your request,I regret to inform you
that I am unable to help you.?
答案:1.cut back on 2.used up 3.under way 4.picked out 5.With/In regard to
Ⅱ.课文缩写填空
There’s a heated 1. (debate) on the environment.Lin Shuiqing thinks 2. (environment) protection is more important. Many places have been destroyed by chemical waste.Many plants and animals have died.Fishing boats catch large 3. (quantity) of fish without giving them time to lay eggs.Also the world’s population has grown by six times 4. it was in 1800.People should cut back 5. production,think more about 6. _ (recycle) the waste and teach people ways of living that don’t do harm to the environment.?
答案:1.debate 2.environmental 3.quantities 4.what 5.on 6.recycling 7.concerned 8.In/With 9.pollute 10.taxes
Qian Liwei thinks that many factories are 7. (concern) about the environment and have done something to protect it.8. regard to cutting back on production is not wise,as people are more important than fish and trees.Those factories which 9. (pollution) the environment should pay higher 10. (tax).?
语境活用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Blueberries are (particular) high in antioxidants(抗氧化物
质). (2018全国Ⅱ,阅读理解B)?
2.We both became (absorb) in the simplicity of playing
together. (2018全国Ⅲ,阅读理解D)?
3.We’ll be (responsibility) for your safety when you’re
with us.?
4.The Syrian showed their (appreciate) to those who helped
them fight against terrorists.?
答案:1.particularly 2.absorbed 3.responsible 4.appreciation
5.She was (debate) whether to accept his invitation.?
6.In order to be put into (operate),a large number of
parts had to be replaced.?
7.One’s value can’t be (measure) only by money.?
8.The supermarket should pay attention to the demand of the________
(consume).?
9.Toy sales peaked just before Christmas and are now ____________
(decrease).?
10.Imbalance in global development has widened.International and
local (conflict) keep breaking out.?
答案:5.debating 6.operation 7.measured 8.consumer 9.decreasing 10.conflicts
Ⅱ.单句语法改错
1.While many of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of
driverless cars.(2018北京,阅读理解D)
2.Our school is twice that it was ten years ago.
3.I would appreciate if you could give me such an opportunity to
show my talent.
4.It is illegally to sell tobacco to someone under 16.
5.When lying on the sofa,absorbing in her book,Mary didn’t notice
her parents come in.
答案:1.将many改为much 2.将that改为what 3.appreciate后加it 4.将illegally改为illegal 5.将absorbing改为absorbed
6.You are too particular to your food.
7.His interests range from playing chess to collect stamps.
8.We should take effective measure to decrease the quantity of the
chemicals flowing into the river.
9.Arctic Summertime sea ice is decreased by just over 7% a decade.
10.His brother,works as a teacher,lives in Changsha.
答案:6.将to改为about/over 7.将collect改为collecting 8.将measure改为measures 9.将decreased改为decreasing 10.将works改为working
微写作
1.现在雾霾(hazy)天气正变得越来越严重。
?
?
2.在过去的十年里,管理部门在环境保护方面没尽到职责。
?
?
答案:1.Nowadays,the hazy weather is becoming more and more serious.
2.In the past decade,the administration hasn’t done its part in protecting the environment.
(借助过渡性词语或句子就能把5个句子连接成一篇小短文)
答案:3.Now many businessmen are willing to cut back on the production of vehicles.
4.The public reduce the use of cars.
3.现在很多商人乐意减少汽车的产量。
?
?
4.公众减少对汽车的使用。
?
?
答案:5.People do this to decrease letting off carbon dioxide and solve the environmental problems.
5.人们这样做是为了减少二氧化碳的排放,解决环境问题。
?
?
Unit 2 The environment
基础知识
考点知识
基础知识·梳理 抓主干·固双基
1. n.& v.辩论;争论,讨论
2. n.责任,职责
adj.负责的
3. vt.& vi.经营;动手术
n.操作;手术
4. n.数量
5. v.& n.减少
6. n.措施,方法;尺度
vt.测量;估量
debate
responsibility
responsible
operate
operation
quantity
decrease
measure
单
词
拓
展
7. vt.欣赏;感谢
n.欣赏
8. adj.特别的;挑剔的
adv.特别,尤其
9. vt.吸收;理解
10. n.范围
11. n.赞扬;信用;学分
12. vi.流,流动
n.流动;连贯
13. n.产量;生产
v.生产,制作
appreciate
appreciation
particular
particularly
absorb
range
credit
flow
production
produce
单
词
拓
展
14. vt.& vi.回收利用
15. adj.贪婪的,贪心的
16. n.看法;信念
v.相信
17. adj.环境的
n.环境
18. adj.原始的
19. adj.愿意的,乐意的
adv.愿意地
n.愿意
recycle
greedy
belief
believe
environmental
environment
raw
willing
willingly
willingness
单
词
拓
展
20. n.到来,抵达
vi.到达
21. adv.非法地
adj.违法的,非法的
22. n.洪水
vt.& vi.淹没
23. adj.电的,用电的
adj.电的
24. vi.& n.冲突;抵触
25.administration n.________________
26.consume vt.______________
arrival
arrive
illegally
illegal
flood
electrical
electric
conflict
管理;管理部门
消耗,耗费;消费
单
词
拓
展
1.use 用尽
2.pick 找出,挑选
3. way 进行中
4. regard to 关于,至于
5.cut back 减少,削减,缩减
6.clean 打扫(或清除)干净
7.let 排放;宽恕
8. particular 尤其,特别
9.do one’s 尽自己的职责
10.run (of) 用完,耗尽
11.queue 排队等候
up
out
under
in/with
on
up
off
in
part
out
up
短
语
记
忆
1.The world’s population has grown by ____
in 1800.
世界人口比1800年已经增长了六倍。
2.However,I that we should produce more things from
materials that have been recycled...
但是,我非常赞同我们应该更多地利用回收材料制造产品……
3.People often have development is bad for
the environment,but this does not have to be true.人们常常认
为经济发展对环境有害,但这不一定是正确的。
six
times
what
it
was
do
agree
this
belief
that
句
型
整
理
1.debate n.& v.辩论;争论,讨论
考点知识·导练 解疑难·提知能
归纳
拓展 ①debate sth.with sb.与某人争论……
②debate on/over/about sth.对……进行讨论
③under debate正在讨论中
④have/hold a debate进行辩论
英文典例:
①There had been much debate on the issue of childcare.人们对儿童
保育问题议论纷纷。
②The motion under debate was put to a vote.
辩论中的动议已付诸表决。
③After years of heated debate,gray wolves were reintroduced to
Yellowstone National Park.(2017全国Ⅲ,阅读理解C)
在多年激烈的争论后,灰狼再次被引进到黄石国家公园。
即学即用:完成句子
①在20世纪20年代,美国出现了关于爵士乐的争论。
In the 1920s in the United
States on jazz music.?
②他们将公开辩论这个问题。
They will openly.?
答案:①there was a debate ②debate the question
2.responsibility n.责任,职责
归纳拓展 ①take responsibility for对……负责
②have a responsibility to do sth.有义务做某事
③be responsible for对……负责;是……的原因
④a sense of responsibility 责任感,责任心
英文典例:
①And she said social media companies must also “take more
responsibility.” (2018江苏,阅读理解D)
并且她说社交媒体公司也必须“承担更多的责任”。
②I don’t feel ready to take on new responsibilities.
我不愿意承担新的责任。
③Mike is responsible for designing the entire project.
迈克负责设计全部工程。
即学即用:语法填空
①She takes her (responsible) as a nurse very seriously.?
②Let’s stay calm and try to behave like (responsibility)
adults.?
③The airline is legally responsible the safety of its
passengers.?
④Parents have a responsibility (give)their children a good
education.?
答案:①responsibilities ②responsible ③for ④to give
3.operate v.经营;动手术;工作;运转;操作;行动
归纳拓展 ①operate on sb.给某人动手术(=do an operation on sb.)
②operate as起……作用;作……用
③in operation有效;工作中;使用中
④come into operation开始工作;开始生效
⑤put...into operation实施;使……运转;启用
英文典例:
①What skills are needed to operate this machinery?
操作这种机器需要什么技能?
②We will have to operate on his eyes.
我们得给他的眼睛动手术。
③The new rules come into operation from next week.
新规定从下周起实施。
即学即用:语法填空
①The old grandfather,much to the surprise of the doctors,won’t
want his granddaughter to (operate) on this week.?
②The police have launched a major (operate) against drug
supplies.?
答案:①be operated ②operation
4.quantity n.数量
英文典例:
①The police found a quantity of drugs at his home.
警察在他家发现了大量毒品。
②It’s cheaper to buy goods in quantity.
大宗购物比较便宜。
归纳拓展 ①a quantity of 大量的
②quantities of大量的,许多的
③in quantity大量/宗地
写作联想:典例①其他表达方式
①The police found large quantities of drugs at his home.
②Large quantities of drugs were found by the police at his
home.
③A large quantity of drugs were found by the police at his
home.
特别提示:a quantity of/quantities of既能修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。前者接名词作主语时,其谓语动词取决于of后面的名词形式,如果是可数名词复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式,否则用单数形式。而后者接名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
答案:①A large quantity of beer has been sold out.
②Large quantities of money have been sent there.
③A large quantity of books have been offered to us.
即学即用:翻译句子
①大量的啤酒已被售出。
?
②那里已送去了大量的资金。
?
③已给我们提供了大量的书籍。
?
5.decrease vt.& vi.减少
①decrease from...to...从……减少到……
②decrease by...减少了……
③(a) decrease in/of减少……的量
④increase from...to...从……增加到……
归纳拓展
英文典例:
①This switch has decreased pollution in the country’s major
lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
(2018全国Ⅱ,语法填空)
这次改变已经减少国家的主要湖泊和水库的污染,对于人们来说,这使得饮
用水更加安全。
②The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year.
今年新生人数从210减少到160。
③There has been some decrease in military spending this year.今年
的军费开支有所减少。
④The population has increased from 1.2 million to 1.8 million.
人口已从120万增加到了180万。
即学即用:语法填空
①The price of wheat has decreased 15%.?
②This species of bird is decreasing numbers every year.?
答案:①by ②in
6.measure n.措施,方法;尺度
vt.测量;估量,判定
归纳拓展 ①take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事
②in some measure在某种程度上
③made to measure量身订制
④measure...by...用……来衡量……
⑤beyond measure无法估量地,极度地
英文典例:
①It found many youngsters(少年) now measure their status by how
much public approval they get online.(2018江苏,阅读理解D)
人们发现很多少年现在通过他们在网上获得的公众认可的多少来衡量自己
的地位。
②We must take preventive measures to reduce crime in the area.
我们必须采取预防措施来减少这个地区的犯罪。
③Although these measures are not effective forever,they are vital
for now. (2016北京,阅读理解C)
尽管这些措施不会长久有效,但目前来说却是至关重要的。
特别提示:measure表示“(测量后)有……长(或宽、高、大等)”时,其后接表示事物长(宽、高)的度量名词,不用于被动语态和进行时态。如:This room measures 6 metres across.这房间宽六米。
即学即用:完成句子
①史密斯先生要求裁缝照他的尺寸做些新衣服。
Mr.Smith asked the tailor to some new clothes .
.?
②我们应当采取措施来提高教学质量。
We should improve our teaching.?
③那次地震强度为5.3级。
The earthquake 5.3 magnitude.?
答案:①make;to his own measure ②take measures to ③measured
7.appreciate vt.欣赏,赞赏;感谢;领会
归纳拓展 ①appreciate sth.欣赏/赏识/感激某事物
②appreciate doing sth.感激做某事
③appreciate one/one’s doing sth.感激某人做某事
④I would appreciate it if...假如……的话,我将不胜感激
英文典例:
①I don’t think we would have randomly invited him over but we
appreciate it and the gifts.(2018全国Ⅲ,完形填空)
我想我们不会随意地邀请他来,但我们感激他的探望和礼物。
②When you look people in the eye,they feel you appreciate what
they are saying.
当你看着人们的眼睛时,他们觉得你欣赏他们所说的。
③We would appreciate you letting us know of any problems.如有任何
问题,请告诉我们。
特别提示: 有些动词,如like,appreciate,dislike,hate等表示喜憎心理的动词往往先用it作形式宾语,再接一个宾语从句。
即学即用:语法填空
①I would appreciate your (share) your umbrella with me.?
②I appreciate him (take) the trouble to help me.?
③I would appreciate if you help me with my housework.?
答案:①sharing ②taking ③it
8.particular adj.专指的,特指的;特别的;讲究的,挑剔的
英文典例:
①...young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a
particular smell that neighboring plants can get.
(2017全国Ⅱ,阅读理解D)
被昆虫咬的年幼的枫树发出一种邻近的植物能闻到的特别的气味。
②She’s very particular about her clothes.
她对衣着特别挑剔。
③He loves science fiction in particular.
他特别喜爱科幻小说。
归纳拓展 ①be particular about/over sth.讲究……;对……挑剔
②in particular特别;尤其
即学即用:完成句子
①那是场不错的音乐会——我尤其喜欢最后的那首歌。
It was a good concert—I enjoyed the last song .?
②你应特别注意拼写。
You should to your spelling.?
答案:①in particular ②pay particular attention
9.absorb vt.吸收;理解;使全神贯注
【巧学助记】
归纳拓展 ①absorb...from sth.从某物中吸收……
②absorb...into...把……吸进……
③be absorbed in (doing) sth.专心(做)某事
英文典例:
①When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead,
they absorb large quantities of lead.(2016北京,阅读理解C)
当秃鹰吃身体里含铅的其他动物的尸体的时候,它们吸收了大量的铅。
②She seemed totally absorbed in her book.
她好像完全被这本书迷住了。
特别提示: 表示“专心做某事”还可以用:be lost in,be buried in,be devoted to等。
即学即用:语法填空
① (absorb)herself in reading an interesting book,she
forgot to have lunch.?
② (absorb)in doing his homework,he didn’t realize it was
already bedtime.?
③ (absorb)in doing what you are interested in will
contribute to your success in it.?
答案:①Absorbing ②Absorbed ③Being absorbed
10.use up用尽
英文典例:
①Making soup is a good way of using up leftover vegetables.
把剩下的蔬菜全部用来做汤是个好主意。
②The building is currently being used as a warehouse.
这所房子目前用作仓库。
归纳拓展 ①use...for doing sth.用……做某事
②use...as...用……当作……
③use sb.to do sth.利用某人做某事
词语辨析:
give out 表示“耗尽,用完”,不及物动词短语,其主语通常是物。
run out 表示“用完了”,为不及物动词短语,其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词。
run out of 表示“用完”,为及物动词短语,表示主动含义,主语一般 为人。
use up 表示“用完,用光”,与run out of用法相同,为及物动词短语,表示主动,主语一般为人。
It’s predicted that the world’s oil supply would soon give out.据预测世界石油储存很快就会耗尽。
You’d better go home before your money runs out.
你最好别等钱花光再回家。
We ran out of fuel.
我们把燃料用光了。
I’ve used up all the notebooks.
所有的笔记本我都用完了。
即学即用:句型转换
①The time ran out.
→The time was .?
②We are running out of the petrol.
→We are the petrol.?
答案:①run out of ②using up
11.pick out找出,挑选出
英文典例:
①He picked out the ripest peach for me.
他给我挑了个熟透了的桃子。
②You’re waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel that the
coach picks up tourists.(2016天津卷)
你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接载游客。
③She failed to pick up on the humour in his remark.
她没有领悟他话中的幽默。
归纳拓展 ①pick up捡起来;搭载;(偶然)学会;(开车)接人
②pick up on领略;意会;重提
③pick over用心挑选;筛选
即学即用:语法填空
①She picked the good apples and threw out the bad ones.?
②He never studied Japanese;what he knows is what he picked _______
while living in Japan.?
③It took Mary a long time to pick a new dress at the store.?
答案:①over/out ②up ③out/over
12.under way进行中
归纳拓展 ①under construction在建设中
②under discussion在讨论中
③under repair在修理中
④under control被控制住
⑤under consideration在考虑中
英文典例:
①Preparations are well under way for a week of special events
in May.
五月份特别活动周的准备工作已经顺利开展。
②The plans have been under discussion for a year now.这些计划至
今已讨论一年了。
③The hotel is currently under repair.
这家酒店正在维修。
即学即用:完成句子
①Several new railways are under (建设) in China.?
②How much money we should spend on endangered tigers is under
(讨论).?
③I’m afraid that the road to Wolong Nature Reserve is under
(修理).?
④The request to buy a video for each classroom is under________
(考虑).?
答案:①construction ②discussion ③repair ④consideration
13.in/with regard to关于,至于
归纳拓展 ①as regards sb./sth.至于……
②regarding prep.关于;至于
③regard...as...将……认为……;把……视为……
英文典例:
①The company’s position with regard to overtime is made clear
in their contracts.公司关于加班的立场在合同中有明确说明。
②Capital punishment was regarded as inhuman and immoral.
死刑过去被认为是非人道且不道德的。
③She has said nothing regarding your request.
关于你的要求,她什么也没说。
即学即用:句型转换
He asked a question about his pay during sickness.
①He asked a question his pay during sickness.?
②He asked a question his pay during
sickness.?
答案:①regarding ②with/in regard to
Unit 2 The environment
能力提升题组训练(A)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2018无锡高三三模)
Fed up with constantly having to recharge or replace batteries in your ever-expanding electronic devices? The solution may be just a few steps away.
“Energy harvesting” promises to power countless consumer devices,often with nothing more than your body’s movement or heat.Dozens of companies around the world already offer such products,but many experts believe the market for the technology could explode due to electronic devices being developed for the Internet of Things.
“It’s huge,” said Graham Martin,CEO of the EnOcean Alliance,a San Ramon-based group of businesses that promotes wireless energy-harvesting technologies.With the Internet of Things expected to combine billions of devices,“if they are all battery-powered,we’ll have a problem because there’s not enough lithium(锂) in the world,” he added.“So a lot of them will have to use energy harvesting.”
Among the most basic forms of the technology is body power. When certain materials are squeezed or stretched,the movement of their atoms creates an electrical charge.Automatic watches have employed the concept for decades,for example,by winding themselves when their user moves their arm.Now,the concept is being considered for a number of other devices.
In a contest seeking visionary ideas for wearable technologies,Intel awarded $5,000 for a concept to change the temperature difference between a person’s body and a special piece of clothing they’d wear into electricity for mobile devices.
Using sound to power devices is another energy-harvesting variation.Stanford University engineers are testing smart microchips that create electricity from ultrasound to power implantable devices that can analyze a person’s nervous system or treat their diseases.
A textile research association in Spain is proposing to obtain electricity from radio waves that flow around everyone to power sensors sewn into clothes,which can monitor a person’s heartbeat or other vital signs.
Research firm IDTechEx has estimated that annual global sales of energy-harvesting products could hit $2.6 billion by 2024,while WinterGreen Research predicts sales of $4.2 billion by 2019.
Obtaining stable energy from devices can be complex,however.For one thing,the motion that generates the electricity has to be constant to be useful. Moreover,the amount of power the devices produce depends on the person using them,according to a Columbia University study. It determined that taller people on average provide about 20 percent more power than shorter ones when walking,running or cycling.
It’s also unclear how eagerly consumers might welcome energy-harvesting products.While such devices are expected to cost less than battery-powered alternatives when compared over many years,experts say,people may continue buying ones with batteries merely because those would be cheaper in the short term.
1.Which “explode” in the following sentences has the most similar meaning to the word “explode” in Paragraph 2?
A.They were clearing up when the second bomb exploded.
B.The continued tension could explode into more violence.
C.The population exploded to 5,000 during the last tourist season.
D.The boss exploded when he heard of the resignation of the secretary.
2.What makes “energy harvesting” necessary according to the passage?
A.The waste of lithium in the world.
B.The increasing number of electronic devices.
C.The development of technology.
D.The pollution caused by batteries.
3.It can be learned from the passage that .?
A.energy-harvesting products will be popular in the long run
B.taller people can surely produce a larger amount of power
C.automatic watches harvest energy from the users’ body heat
D.two ways of harvesting energy are mentioned in the passage
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,介绍了几种能够代替锂电池为电子设备提供电源的能量收集产品,该类产品不仅功能强大,还很环保。
答案及剖析:
1.C 词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句话可知“explode”在句中表示“发展,增加”;C项中“explode”与文中词义一致,表示“游客激增到5 000”;故选C。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句话可知能量收集为无数的消费者设备提供能量,由此可推知,正因电子设备数量的激增,才使能量收集成为必要。故选B。
3.A 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段可知,从长远来看,能量收集产品会很受欢迎,故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2018南昌高三二模)
Last week the electricity in my flat went out.I had just got home from work and was happily making my tea,when all of a sudden I was surrounded by complete darkness.I tried to fix it but failed.I had to wait for an electrician to come in the morning. 1. ?
I sat down to eat my half-cooked dinner.And then I wasn’t really sure what to do.My typical evening is spent watching TV and looking through social media.2.
So for me it was an early night.And I couldn’t help but think,do we rely too much on electricity?That night,losing our electricity felt like losing a basic necessity.As basic as running water.3. I use electricity all the time,even when it’s not really necessary.?
4. It contributes to global warming.It is harming our environment and we need to do what we can to stop it.Not only that,but if we continue to use the same large amount of energy we will soon run out.?
So,shouldn’t we start preparing for it now?Cutting back on our use of electricity would make losing it slower,and also save energy resources so that they could last for longer.5. And if everyone does the same,we can make a big difference.?
A.Tonight this wasn’t possible.
B.Obviously,we can’t survive without it.
C.Our overuse of electricity is a big problem.
D.This left me a whole night without any electricity.
E.Electricity brings us convenience and trouble.
F.But really,electricity is a luxury that we’ve grown to take for granted.
G.I know for sure that I could cut down on my use of electricity.
答案:1—5 DAFCG
Ⅲ.完形填空
Research shows that when we are absorbed in an activity,even minor distractions (分心) can have a huge effect.According to a study,regaining our 1 drive following an interruption can take about 20 minutes.?
Multitasking(多任务),as many studies have shown,is a myth(谬论).A more accurate _2 of what happens when we tell ourselves we are multitasking is that we’re rapidly ___3 between activities,sucking our mental energy.And the 4 can be surprisingly serious.An experiment found that we lose as many as 10 IQ points when we allow our work to be 5 by distractions like emails and text messages.?
The 6 is that multitasking is enjoyable.It’s fun to satisfy your curiosity. Who knows what that next email or text message holds 7 ?Finding out provides immediate satisfaction. 8 ,resisting distractions and staying on task requires 9 and mental effort.?
So,what are we to do?
Our strategy is to change the 10 to move temptation further away:shut down your email program or 11 your phone.It’s a lot easier to stay on task when you’re not 12 fighting off mental desires.?
The alternative,which most of us consider common,is 13 to dieting in a bakery.We all need the willpower to resist the temptations,but doing so comes with 14 costs to our limited supply of willpower.?
Another worthwhile 15 is to collect similar activities together,keeping transition(转换) time to a 16 point.Instead of spreading phone calls,meetings and emails throughout your day,try 17 related tasks so that there are fewer transitions.?
In some jobs,multitasking is 18 .Some of us truly do need to stay 19 to our clients,colleagues and managers.So it’s worth noting that limiting disruptions is the only solution.?
Remember the more you do to minimize task-switching over the course of the day,the more ability you’ll have for activities that actually 20 .Even small changes can make a big difference.?
1.A.initial B.personal C.inner D.ambitious
2.A.plan B.account C.prediction D.insight
3.A.switching B.swinging C.swapping D.shuttling
4.A.benefits B.reasons C.consequences D.challenges
5.A.guided B.changed C.adapted D.interrupted
6.A.advantage B.emphasis C.trouble D.practice
7.A.in stock B.in store C.in check D.in possession
8.A.As a rule B.As a result C.In short D.In contrast
9.A.patience B.discipline C.courage D.attention
10.A.expectation B.task C.environment D.vision
11.A.replace B.silence C.answer D.pick
12.A.continuously B.finally C.passionately D.directly
13.A.similar B.relevant C.superior D.opposite
14.A.affordable B.basic C.considerable D.modest
15.A.research B.aspect C.reaction D.approach
16.A.minimum B.maximum C.turning D.fixed
17.A.analyzing B.grouping C.assigning D.undertaking
18.A.disturbing B.annoying C.unavoidable D.unnecessary
19.A.sympathetic B.loyal C.accustomed D.connected
20.A.matter B.function C.work D.interfere
语篇解读:本文是一篇议论文,根据研究显示,当我们全神贯注于某一活动时,即便是小小的一个分心都会产生巨大的影响。
答案及剖析:
1.A 根据第一段可知在一个分心之后,想要再次获得最初的(intial)动力可能需20分钟。
2.B 第二段的第二句话是对第一句话的进一步解释,此处意为“一个更加确切的解释(account)是……”。
3.A 根据空后“sucking our mental energy”可知多任务会消耗精力,要在活动中快速切换(switching)。
4.C 根据空后“surprisingly serious”及后一句可知实验的结果(consequence)令人惊讶。
5.D 根据空前“we lose as many as 10 IQ points”可知我们会损失10个点的IQ,这个情况发生在工作被分心打断(interrupt)时。
6.C 上一段是提到负面的影响,本段叙述产生的原因,即具体问题所在,trouble“问题、麻烦”符合语境。
7.B 根据下一句可知我们很想知道下一封邮件或短信中的内容,知道其中的内容会让我们有及时的满足感。in store“蕴藏”符合语境。
8.D 前后两句意思相反,in contrast“相反,相比之下”符合语境。
9.B 根据空后的“mental effort”可知专注于任务需要自制力,discipline“纪律,自制力”符合语境。
10.C 根据下文可知关掉手机或手机静音,这是改变我们所处的环境(environment)。
11.B 根据空前“shut down”可知此处指手机静音。
12.A 根据本句语境可知当我们不再需要持续(continuously)击退内心欲望时,继续完成任务会变得更加容易。
13.A 上段提的方法是“改变外界环境”,这段讲了另一个方式,和“dieting in a bakery在面包房节食”相似(similar)。
14.C 根据本句语境可知,尽管我们都有抵制诱惑的能力,但这种做法对于我们有限的自制力来说,将付出相当大的(considerable)代价。
15.D 前面介绍了两种方法,这里是第三种方法(approach)。
16.A 根据空前可知将相似的工作归在一起完成,这样做可以将切换时间最小化。
17.B 根据空后“fewer transitions”可知转换次数很少,即要分类(grouping)相关任务。
18.C 根据语境可知多任务在一些工作中是不可避免的(unavoidable)。
19.D 根据语境可知我们不得不和客户、同事及经理保持联系(connected)。
20.A 根据前后句可知此处表示重要(matter)的事情。
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Unit 2 The environment
能力提升题组训练(B)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018高考命题专家原创卷三)
In the fight to conserve tropical rainforests,here’s a tool you don’t often hear about:orange peels.Specifically,12,000 tons of them,dumped (倾倒) on the land.“You don’t usually associate waste treatment with biodiversity benefits,something that’s good for the environment.”
Tim Treuer is an ecologist at Princeton University,and he’s talking about a unique conservation story.It started in the early 1990s,when an orange juice producer called Del Oro set up a company near the Guanacaste Conservation Area in Costa Rica,a region that contains several national parks and a wildlife protection zone.
Del Oro needed somewhere to dump the orange peels,and the company also owned forested land next to the parkland that it had no intention of growing crops on.So a deal was struck:if Del Oro donated its forested land,it could dump orange peel waste on degraded (退化的) land within the conservation area.Then a thousand dump trucks’ worth of orange peels were lying on the land in 1998.“And within about six months the orange peels had been turned from orange peels into this thick black rich soil.”
“I couldn’t even find the site the first time I saw it.”He couldn’t find it because,over 16 years,the orange peel waste had sent the land on a journey to become a vine-choked jungle,with three times the diversity of tree species of the neighboring control plot,richer soil and a much thicker covering.In other words,the experiment was a success.The results appear in the journal Restoration Ecology.
Treuer says perhaps this lesson could be applied elsewhere.“It’s a shame that we live in a world with nutrient-limited degraded ecosystems and also nutrient-rich waste streams.We’d like to see those things come together a little bit.That’s not a license for any agricultural company to just start dumping their waste products on protected areas,but it does mean that land managers,people involved with industrial-scale agricultural operations should start thinking about ways to do thoughtful experimentation to see if in their particular system they can have similar win-win-win results.”
1.What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Waste treatment. B.A conservation story.
C.An orange juice company. D.The biodiversity benefit.
2.What does the author say about orange peels?
A.They are particularly hard to break down.
B.They can change the color of the land soil.
C.They are beneficial to biological diversity.
D.They can gradually destroy the surface soil.
3.What do Treuer’s words in the last paragraph suggest?
A.Waste can be used for environmental protection.
B.No waste can be thrown randomly on the protected areas.
C.Large-scale agricultural operations start with experiments.
D.Land managers must be ready to take on their responsibility.
语篇解读:本文是说明文,主要介绍了倒在退化土地上的废弃橘子皮竟成了保护热带雨林生物多样性的工具。
答案及剖析:
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Tim Treuer is an ecologist at Princeton University, and he’s talking about a unique conservation story.可知,It 指代的应是Tim Treuer要讲的有关生态保护的故事。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的You don’t usually associate waste treatment with biodiversity benefits,something that’s good for the environment.和第四段中的with three times the diversity of tree species of the neighboring control plot,richer soil and a much thicker covering.可知,橘子皮对生物多样性是有益的。
3.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Treuer所说的话,尤其是It’s a shame that we live in a world with nutrient-limited degraded ecosystems and also nutrient-rich waste streams.We’d like to see those things come together a little bit.可知,Treuer认为,我们生活在营养受限的、退化的生态系统中,同时却有许多营养成分丰富的、泛滥成灾的废弃物,我们想看到这些东西能一点点地整合利用起来。再结合文章的主旨可知,Treuer认为我们可以利用废弃物来保护环境。
B
Music is magic! Music speaks louder than words and it is a“language” that the whole world can understand.A piece of music can produce a response in the heart and mind.Like feeling an electrical current or receiving a personal radio signal,music has a spiritual effect on a person.Different kinds of music influence people in different ways.
I have listened to music all my life.When I was twelve years old,the Beatles came to America and my whole world opened up.Maybe young people today cannot understand the influence of the Beatles when they exploded across America.Their influence changed the way we dressed,looked,acted and spoke...even our culture.The Beatles arrived in America from the UK just three months after the assassination(暗杀) of President John Kennedy,which had put America into a great depression.And the freshness and lively spirit of the Beatles was exactly what the country needed to refresh itself.
Music links the heart of the hearer with that of the composer.This means that it mixes the spirit of the composer with your spirit when you listen to it.And the music can take your spirit out of your body and transport you into another world.Music has a great way of touching people.Music can make you laugh,cry or shout.It’s also a great source of inspiration.
Try this one day and notice what happens: make yourself a cup of tea,sit on your sofa and play one of your favorite songs.Close your eyes,and soon you’ll find yourself creating vivid mental images—matching the music that you are listening to.
4.Music has magical power because it .?
A.is a kind of language B.can be played much louder than words
C.receives a personal radio signal D.can influence a person’s spirit
5.What can we learn about the Beatles from the passage?
A.They were the biggest band in American history.
B.They are not accepted by modern American people.
C.They appeared at a special time in American politics.
D.They represented the roots of American culture.
6.Music influences people in the following ways except .?
A.connecting the listener and the composer mentally
B.transporting people from one place to another
C.allowing people to express their emotions
D.touching and inspiring people
7.What does the writer suggest people do in the last paragraph?
A.Relax and listen to their favorite music.
B.Enjoy drinking in spare time.
C.Create vivid pictures.
D.Notice everything happening around.
语篇解读:本文是一篇议论文。本文讲述的是音乐的魔力,音乐比语言更为有力,会以不同的方式影响着人们。
答案及剖析:
4.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中A piece of music can produce a response in the heart and mind.Like feeling an electrical current or receiving a personal radio signal,music has a spiritual effect on a person.Different kinds of music influence people in different ways.可知,音乐会对人的身心产生影响,不同的音乐用不同的方式来影响人们,所以说音乐是有魔力的。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中The Beatles arrived in America from the UK just three months after the assassination(暗杀) of President John Kennedy,which had put America into a great depression.可知,披头士来美国的时候正值美国总统肯尼迪被暗杀三个月之后,美国当时正处在低落的情绪当中,故选C项。
6.B 细节理解题。第三段提到作曲家与听众精神相连(心意相同),还提到音乐可以激励人们,触动人的情感,由第三段倒数第二句可知,音乐允许人们表达情绪。只有B项没有提及。
7.A 细节理解题。文章最后一段作者提出建议:放松自己,欣赏自己最喜爱的音乐。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2018郑州高三二模)
Like all big cities,Paris has a traffic problem:lots of cars,traffic jams and pollution from exhaust fumes (废气).So since 2007,the city 1. (begin) a plan to improve the situation.?
Under the Velib scheme (公共自行车计划),people can take a bicycle,use it as long as they want,and then leave it at the same or another bicycle station.The first half-hour is free,2. if you don’t return it after 30 minutes,you have to pay.It’s only 1 a day or 29 a year.The bicycles are as heavy as 25 kilograms,and they’re all grey and have 3. (basket).There’re a large number of them in the city,and the bicycle stations are more than the subway stations!?
Paris isn’t the first city 4. (operate) a scheme like this.Not everybody thinks it’s a great idea.One Parisian (巴黎人) said,“These bicycles are only suitable 5. short journeys.If people want to travel across the city,they won’t use a bicycle—they’ll still use their cars.”?
A city spokesman said,“The bicycle scheme won’t solve all our traffic problems, but it might work in 6. (reduce) air pollution.Traffic,together with factory fumes,7. (be) a big problem.Everyone knows about global warming and dramatic climate changes—we know this is partly because rainforests are 8. (gradual) disappearing.And it’s also because there’s so much pollution.There aren’t any simple answers to traffic problems and pollution in cities,but the bicycles might help people lead a healthier life.9. we do something now,there’ll be more traffic jams and temperatures will continue to rise,so the problems in our environment will get even 10. (bad).”?
答案及剖析:
1.has begun 考查时态。根据since 2007可知用现在完成时。
2.but 考查连词。前后为转折关系。
3.baskets 考查名词。根据they可知用复数。
4.to operate 考查非谓语动词。“the first + 名词/代词 + to do”为固定用法。
5.for 考查介词。be suitable for为固定搭配。
6.reducing 考查非谓语动词。介词后接v.-ing形式作宾语。
7.is 考查主谓一致和时态。Traffic为不可数名词,在句中作主语,此处描述的是客观情况。故用一般现在时的第三人称单数。
8.gradually 考查副词。此处副词作状语修饰动词disappearing。
9.Unless 考查连词。Unless“除非,如果不”符合语境。
10.worse 考查形容词。根据more和even可知用形容词的比较级。
Ⅲ.短文改错
Dear Sir,
Thank you for your offer of invite me to the summer English course in your school.As for your choice between the two courses, I prefer the four-weeks course for 60 hours of study.Because of this would allow me more time to do some travelling and make a few new friends either.Of all the subject I’m learning at school, I like English best.I had been learning English for 6 years but my spoken English remains poorly.So I hope to take this chance to improve it.If possible, I’d like stay with a family for a couple of days in order to I can know some customs in England.I believe I will have a wonderful time this summer.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
答案:
Dear Sir,
Thank you for your offer of me to the summer English course in your school.As for choice between the two courses, I prefer the course for 60 hours of study.Because of this would allow me more time to do some travelling and make a few new friends .Of all the I’m learning at school, I like English best.I been learning English for 6 years but my spoken English remains .So I hope to take this chance to improve it.If possible, I’d like stay with a family for a couple of days in order I can know some customs in England.I believe I will have a wonderful time this summer.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
剖析:介词of后面要接动名词作宾语。
此处使用my和句子主语I保持一致。
此处是“数词+名词”构成的复合形容词,作定语修饰名词course,尽管数词是大于1的,但名词仍用单数形式。
连词because后面要接句子充当原因状语从句,而介词短语because of后面要接名词或名词短语作宾语。
副词too“也”,用于肯定句中表示“也”,either用于否定句中表示“也”。本句是一个肯定句,所以使用副词too。
名词subject“学科”是一个可数名词,其前有all修饰,故此处应用其复数形式。
原文中使用了过去完成时,表示过去的过去。实际上本文并没有“过去的过去”的含义,而表示到目前为止已经完成的事情,所以使用现在完成时。
remain为连系动词,此处作表语,故把poorly改为poor。
would like to do...“喜欢做某事。”
in order that...“为了……”后面跟从句充当目的状语。
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