单元知识检测
教材回扣
答案:1.is named after 2.stands for 3.led to 4.consisting of 5.Aside from
Ⅰ.用本单元所学短语完成句子
1.As a child,Jack studied in a village school,which .
(以……命名) his grandfather.?
2.PO (代表) post office or postal order.?
3.The drought has (导致) widespread loss of life.?
4.A medical team (由……组成) 3 doctors and 10
nurses has marched to the front.?
5. (除……之外) the web cameras,a number of other
high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular.?
Ⅱ.课文缩写填空
The English language,which 1. (consist) of the grammar and vocabulary,has a long history.English has so many rules that 2._____
(confusion) people.At first,people in Britain all spoke Celtic.Then two Germanic groups 3. (occupy) Britain.Old English is made up of a 4. (mix) of their languages.In 1066,the Norman 5.
(conquer) England. French had 6. effect on the English language.This is 7. we have so many pairs of words with similar meanings today.Modern English appeared with many Latin and Greek words.Pronunciation also 8. (go) through huge changes. The question of whether English will keep on 9. (change) in the future is easy to answer.It is certain 10. this process will continue.?
答案:1.consists 2.confuse 3.occupied 4.mixture 5.conquered 6.an 7.why 8.went 9.changing 10.that
语境活用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Those in the 10 to 12 age group were (concern) with how
many people like their posts.(2018江苏,阅读理解D)?
2.Dawson did not have any of the natural (convenient) of
cities like London or Paris.(2018全国Ⅲ,阅读理解B)?
3.The full facts of the case are (access) to only a few
people.?
4.Within days,Patrick’s collection (replace).?
答案:1.concerned 2.conveniences 3.accessible 4.was replaced
5. (occupy) themselves in building new houses,the workers
can’t give you a hand now.?
6.The beauty of this picture consists its balance of colors.?
7.The highway (lead) to the city is under repair now.?
8.Steel is produced by (combine) iron with carbon.?
9.I hold the view that there is a (distinguish) between
appearance and reality.?
10.Mr. Zhang and his students (raise) about 20,000 yuan for
the Hope Project since last term.?
答案:5.Occupying 6.in 7.leading 8.combining 9.distinction 10.have raised
Ⅱ.单句语法改错
1.Policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving
vehicles can help reduce traffic jams,cut emissions(排放) and
offer more convenience,affordable mobility options.
(2018北京,阅读理解D)
2.What surprised me most that such a little girl of six could play
the violin so well.
3.She devoted herself entire to helping the children who suffered a
lot in the earthquake.
4.The UK,consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,is a
country famous for its long history.
答案:1.将convenience改为convenient 2.将What改为It 3.将entire改为entirely 4.将consists改为consisting
5.The bell for class rang suddenly,interrupt our heated discussion
about the TV program.
6.He distinguishes himself by his performance in the exams last year.
7.In a conclusion,I suggest all of us shouldn’t smoke in public.
8.The school sees its job as preparing students to make a contribute
to society.
9.No everyone can answer such easy questions.
10.I was embarrassing about how untidy the house was.
答案:5.将interrupt改为interrupting 6.将distinguishes改为distinguished 7.去掉a 8.将contribute改为contribution 9.将No改为Not 10.将embarrassing改为embarrassed
微写作
1.最近我们进行了一次关于学生是否应该上网的调查。
?
?
2.有些学生认为上网是非常有帮助的,因为他们可以从网上获得所需的任何
信息。
?
?
答案:1.Recently we have conducted a survey on whether students should surf the Internet or not.
2.Some students consider it as a great help in that they can have access to the Internet for any information they need.
(借助过渡性词语或句子就能把5个句子连接成一篇小短文)
答案:3.It is also very convenient for them to communicate with others by using the Internet.
4.Others have different opinions because they think that not all information online is good for them.
3.用网络和别人交流也非常方便。
?
?
4.其他学生有不同的观点,因为他们认为并非所有的网上信息都对学生有好处。
?
?
答案:5.We should raise the awareness of proper use of the Internet.
5.我们要提高合理使用网络的意识。
?
?
Unit 2 Language
基础知识
考点知识
基础知识·梳理 抓主干·固双基
1. vt.占领;占用
n.占领,职业
2. vi.组成,构成
adj.一致的
3. vt.养育;举起;增加
4. n.区别,差别
adj.特别的,独特的
v.区别,识别
occupy
occupation
consist
consistent
raise
distinction
distinctive
distinguish
单
词
拓
展
5. n.关心
vt.使担忧
adj.担心的
prep.关于,有关
6. vt.进入
n.通道
adj.可(或易)接近的
7. vt.使尴尬,使难堪
adj.窘迫的,尴尬的
adj.使人尴尬的
n.尴尬;困窘
concern
concerned
concerning
access
accessible
embarrass
embarrassed
embarrassing
embarrassment
单
词
拓
展
8. n.结论;推论
adj.结论性的
v.推断出,断定
9. vt.& vi.组合;(使)联合
n.结合;联合
10. adj.方便的
n.方便;适宜
11. adj.错误的;误解的
n.错误,过失
12. n.贡献;捐赠
v.贡献
n.贡献者,捐助者
conclusion
conclusive
conclude
combine
combination
convenient
convenience
mistaken
mistake
contribution
contribute
contributor
单
词
拓
展
13. n.混合,混合体
v.使混合;使结合
adj.混合的
14. adj.官方的,正式的
adv.官方地,正式地
n.办公室
n.军官;警官
15. vt.替换,代替,取代
16. adj.完全的,整个的
adv.完全地;彻底地
17. n.过程;进程
mixture
mix
mixed
official
officially
office
officer
replace
entire
entirely
process
单
词
拓
展
18. adj.纯的,纯粹的
v.使纯净;使纯粹
19. adj.温柔的,平和的
adv.温柔地;温和地
20. vi.& vt.插嘴,打断,暂停
n.打扰,干扰
21. n.外观,外貌
v.出现;显露
22. vt.代表;展示,描绘
n.代表,代理
adj.典型的
n.代表,代理人
pure
purify
gentle
gently
interrupt
interruption
appearance
appear
represent
representation
representative
单
词
拓
展
23. vt.简化
n.简化
adj.简单的,简易的
24. vt.显示;象征
n.征兆;迹象;暗示
25. vt.& n.禁止;取缔
26. adj.独特的
27.deed n._____________
28.shortcoming n.___________
simplify
simplification
simple
indicate
indication
ban
unique
行为,行动
缺点,短处
单
词
拓
展
1.lead 导致
2.stand 代表,象征
3.take control 控制
4.consist 由……组成(构成)
5.differ 和……不同
6.ought 应当,应该
7. a whole 总体上
8.be made up 由……组成(构成)
9.name 以……命名
10.aside 除……之外
to
for
of
of
from
to
as
of
after
from
短
语
记
忆
1.The Chinese language differs from Western languages ____
,instead of an alphabet,it uses characters which stand
for ideas,objects or deeds.汉语与西方语言不同,区别在于它不
使用字母,而是用汉字表示思想、物体和行为。
2. characters were developed from drawings of objects.
并不是所有的汉字都是从物体的图画演变而来。
3.After the Norman Conquest,high-class people spoke French
common people spoke English.诺曼征服之后,上层阶级的
人说法语,而普通人说英语。
in
that
Not
all
while
句
型
整
理
1.occupy vt.占领;占用(时间、空间等)
考点知识·导练 解疑难·提知能
归纳
拓展 ①occupy oneself in doing sth./with sth.忙于做某事
②be occupied with/in doing sth.忙于某事/做某事,专心于某
事/做某事
③under occupation 在占领之下,在占领中
英文典例:
①How much memory does the program occupy?
这个程序占用多少内存?
②She occupied herself with routine office tasks.
她忙于办公室的日常工作。
③The areas under occupation contained major industrial areas.
被占领地区拥有主要的工业区。
即学即用:完成句子
①那孩子只顾着吹笛子。
The child in playing his flute.?
②琳达忙于重新装修她的房子。
Linda was the work of redecorating her house.?
答案:①occupied himself ②occupied with
2.consist vi.组成;构成
归纳拓展 ①consist of由……组成,由……构成(一般不用于进行时,且
只能用于主动语态)
②consist in...(=lie in)存在于,在于
③consist of的同义短语有:
be made up of/be composed of由……组成
英文典例:
①Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems
consisting of heat detectors,smoke detectors and sprinklers.
(2018天津,阅读理解A)
大多数也配有火灾自动报警系统,这是由热探测器、烟雾探测器和喷头组
成的。
②The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings.
这座城市的美就在于它那些宏伟的建筑。
即学即用:句型转换
①China is made up of fifty-six nationalities.
China fifty-six nationalities.?
②Happiness lies in trying to do one’s duty.
Happiness trying to do one’s duty.?
答案:①consists of ②consists in
3.raise vt.举起,抬高,提高(音量);使某人晋升;筹集;种植;饲养(家畜);抚
育(子女);引起(疑问、开心);提出(问题、质疑、抗议等)
【巧学助记】
归纳拓展 ①raise sb.to one’s feet把某人扶起来
②raise money for...为……捐款
③raise a question提出问题
④raise a family养家糊口
英文典例:
①She had not only lost 125 pounds,but also raised $25,000 for
homeless children.(2017天津,完形填空)
她不仅减了125磅而且还为无家可归的孩子们募集到25 000美金。
②Somehow we managed to raise her to her feet.
不管怎样,我们终于让她站了起来。
③We are raising money for charity.
我们在进行慈善募捐。
词语辨析:
She raised the gun and fired.她举枪射击。
The river has risen by several metres.河水上升了好几米。
A new crisis has arisen.新危机已经出现。
raise 举起,抬起;抬高;提高;饲养。是及物动词。说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他事物的。其过去式、过去分词分别为:raised,raised。
rise 升起,上升;起立;起床;上涨。是不及物动词。说明主语自身移向更高的位置。其过去式、过去分词分别为:rose,risen。
arise 出现,发生。常用于事物或问题的出现。其过去式、过去分词分别为: arose,arisen,短语arise from意为“由……引起,由……产生,起源于”。主语一般为problem,trouble,quarrel,difficulty, misunderstanding等名词。
即学即用:用raise,rise,arise的适当形式填空
The number of deaths from road accidents has ,which people’s concern about traffic safety.It is hoped that the government should take measures to solve such problems.?
答案:arising;risen;raised
4.distinction n.区别;差别;对比
归纳拓展 ①make a distinction between A and B 区别A和B
②make no distinction 没有区别,一样
③with distinction 优异地,显著地
④distinguish between A and B 区分/辨别A和B
⑤distinguish...from...使……有别于……,使……具有区别
于……的特征;区别;辨别
英文典例:
①Philosophers did not use to make a distinction between arts
and science.哲学家过去习惯不把人文科学和自然科学区别开来。
②He graduated with distinction.
他以优异成绩毕业。
③At what age are children able to distinguish between right and
wrong?
儿童到什么年龄才能明辨是非?
④It was hard to distinguish one twin from the other.
很难分辨出一对孪生儿谁是谁。
即学即用:完成句子
①应该教会孩子们把玩和学习区别开来。
Children should be taught to between
play and study.?
②有些人觉得很难辨别对与错。
Some people find it difficult .
.?
答案:①make a distinction ②to distinguish right from wrong
5.concern n.关心;忧虑
vt.涉及;使担忧;对……感兴趣
归纳拓展 ①as/so far as...be concerned 就……而言
②be concerned in/with sth.与某事有关
③be concerned about/for对……担心/关注
④show/express concern for对……表示担心/关心
英文典例:
①She hasn’t been seen for four days and there is concern for her safety.
她已四天不见踪影,大家对她的安全很担心。
②Don’t interfere in what doesn’t concern you.
不要管与自己无关的事。
③Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less
water and fewer fertilizers(肥料).(2016全国Ⅱ,七选五)
其他人关注使用更少的水和肥料的园艺方法。
④He asked several questions concerning the future of the company.
他问了几个有关公司前途的问题。
特别提示:①concerned表示“有关的”,常位于名词的后面,作后置定语;表示“担心的”,作前置定语。
②concerning用作介词,表示“关于”,相当于about。
即学即用:完成句子
①就我们而言是安全无恙的。
,we are
safe and sound.?
②电影《金陵十三钗》是有关抗日战争的。
The film The Flowers of War Anti-
Japanese war.?
③你为何如此担心那个男孩的安全?
Why you so the boy’s safety??
答案:①As far as we are concerned ②is concerned with ③are; concerned about/for
6.access vt.进入;使用
n.通道;(使用的)机会,权利
英文典例:
①Students must have access to good resources.
学生必须有机会使用好的资源。
②These documents are not accessible to the public.
公众无法看到这些文件。
归纳拓展 ①have/gain access to可接近;可到达
②access to到……的通道
③be accessible to可用的,可接近的
即学即用:完成句子
①市民可以免费使用这个图书馆。
Citizens can the library.?
②药品不应放在儿童容易拿到的地方。
Medicine should not be kept where it .
children.?
答案:①have free access to ②is accessible to
7.embarrass vt.使尴尬,使难堪
归纳拓展 ①embarrass sb. by doing sth.
做某事使某人不好意思(尴尬)
②embarrass sb. with/by sth.
某事使某人尴尬
③be embarrassed about sth.
对某事感到尴尬
④to one’s embarrassment
让某人尴尬的是
英文典例:
①Her questions about my private life embarrassed me.
她询问我的私生活使我感到很尴尬。
②She’s embarrassed about her height.
她因自己个子高而困窘。
即学即用:用embarrass的适当形式填空
①It is that our streets are so dirty.?
②She was when they asked her age.?
③My face turned red with as my classmates laughed at my
hair.?
④He me with a difficult question just now.?
答案:①embarrassing ②embarrassed ③embarrassment ④embarrassed
8.conclusion n.结论;推论
推断出,断定
归纳拓展 ①draw/reach/arrive at/come to a conclusion 得出结论
②in conclusion/to conclude 最后;总之
③conclude
英文典例:
①I’ve come to the conclusion that he’s not the right person
for the job.
我断定他不适合做这项工作。
②In conclusion,I would like to thank....
最后,我想感谢……
③What do you conclude from that?
你从中得出了什么结论?
写作联想:典例②其他表达方式
①In the end,I would like to thank...
②To conclude,I would like to thank...
即学即用:完成句子
①你是怎么得出结论的?
How did you ??
②最后祝大家健康长寿。
,I wish all of you good health and a long life.?
答案:①reach/draw a conclusion ②To conclude/In conclusion
9.combine vt.& vi.组合;(使)联合;兼有;兼备
归纳拓展 ①combine with...和……结合起来
②combine...and/with...把……和……联合起来;兼有
(不止一种)特性
③combine to do sth.联(结)合起来做某事
④combine against 为反对……而联合
英文典例:
①The study of traditions should be combined with practice.
(2018全国Ⅲ,阅读理解C)
传统的研究应和实践相结合。
②Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water.
氢与氧化合成水。
③They combined against a common enemy.
他们联手对付共同的敌人。
即学即用:完成句子
①我们应该联合起来保护环境。
We should the environment.?
②你应该尽量把锻炼和健康饮食结合起来。
You should try to exercise a healthy diet.?
答案:①combine to protect ②combine;with
10.convenient adj.便利的,方便的;附近的,容易到达的
归纳拓展 ①be convenient for/to sb.对某人来说很便利
②be convenient for sb.to do sth.某人做某事方便
③at one’s convenience 在某人方便的时候
④for (the sake of) convenience 为了方便起见
⑤for the convenience of sb.为了方便某人,为了某人的
方便
英文典例:
①Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other,for
we will have developed more convenient electronic communication
tools by then.(2018江苏卷)
到2025年,我们有望将不再互相发电子邮件,因为届时我们将已开发出更方
便的电子通信工具。
②The house is very convenient for several schools.
这座房子离几所学校很近。
③Can you telephone me at your convenience to arrange a meeting?
你能不能在你方便时给我来个电话,安排见一次面?
④We have provided seats for the convenience of our customers.
为方便顾客我们备有座位。
特别提示:convenient只能用物/事作主语或用it作形式主语,而不能用人作主语。
即学即用:单句改错
①Please come whenever you are convenient for you.
?
②Keep your reference books near your desk at convenience.
?
答案:①Please come whenever it is convenient for you.
②Keep your reference books near your desk for convenience.
11.lead to 导致;通向
英文典例:
①Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.
食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。
②This has led scientists to speculate on the existence of
other galaxies.
这就使得科学家推测还有其他星系存在。
特别提示:lead to中to是介词,后跟名词、代词或v.-ing形式。
归纳拓展 ①lead sb.to+n.带领……通往……,引导某人……
②lead sb.to do sth.使得某人做某事
③lead a(n)...life过着……的生活
④in the lead领先;处于首位
⑤take the lead带头;领先
即学即用:完成句子
①过量的工作而没有足够的休息会引起疾病。
Too much work without enough rest often illness.?
②虽然没有钱,但他过着一种幸福的生活。
Though having no money,he led .?
答案:①leads to ②a happy life
12.stand for 代表,象征;忍受,容忍;主张,支持
英文典例:
①‘The book’s by T.C.Smith.’‘What does the ‘T.C.’ stand for?’
“这部书是T.C.Smith写的。”“T.C.是什么的缩写?”
②Four points stand out as being more important than the rest.
有四点比其余各点更为重要。
归纳拓展 ①stand by 袖手旁观,站在……旁边
②stand out 显眼,出色;更为重要
③stand up 起立,站立
④stand up for 保卫,维护
即学即用:语法填空
①His was the best drawing and it stood among the drawings.?
②The American flag stands freedom and justice.?
③How can you stand and watch the country go to ruin??
④You must stand for your rights!?
答案:①out ②for ③by ④up
13.The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that,
instead of an alphabet,it uses characters which stand for ideas,
objects or deeds.
汉语与西方语言不同,区别在于它不使用字母,而是用汉字表示思想、物体
和行为。
句中in that意为“在于;因为”,引导原因状语从句。
英文典例:
I like the city,but I like the country better in that I have more friends there.我喜欢城市,可是我更喜欢乡村,因为在那里我有更多的朋友。
特别提示:引导状语从句的类似结构还有:considering that(考虑到;鉴于),seeing that(鉴于;由于;因为)。
即学即用:完成句子
①鉴于他才刚刚开始,他懂得的已经不少了。
he’s only just started,he knows quite a lot
about it.?
②他因为生病,没有参加谈判。
He didn’t attend the negotiation he was ill.?
答案:①Considering/Seeing that ②in that
14.Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.
并不是所有的汉字都是从物体的图画演变而来。
归纳拓展 not all表示部分否定,常译为“并不是所有……,并不是全都……”。
①部分否定:all,both,each,every,everybody,everything,
always,complete,completely,whole,entirely,
altogether等代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用,构成
部分否定,表示“不都,并非都”的意思。
②全部否定用no one,none,neither,nobody,nothing,
never以及not...any来表示。
英文典例:
①Not everybody can do that—it takes years of experience,but a
printer makes it easy.(2018天津,阅读理解C)
并非每个人都能做到——这需要多年的经验,但一台打印机使它变得容易。
②All horses are animals,but not all animals are horses.所有的马都
是动物,但并不是所有的动物都是马。
③None of these pens works/work.
这些钢笔一支都不能用。
即学即用:完成句子
①他们中没有人喜欢这个歌手。
like the singer.?
②并不是所有人都愿意生活在城市里。
the people like living in the city.?
答案:①None of them ②Not all
Unit 2 Language
能力提升题组训练(A)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2018广东汕头高三三模)
Long in the 1700s,“home” was used as a verb,meaning “to be guided to a destination.” So,when you home in on something you get closer to your target.For example,you could say,“Police are homing in on the suspects.”
But today,“home” is more often used as a noun.And it has a very emotional connection for American English speakers.You can remember the meaning of the word by the expression “Home is where the heart is.” That expression means home is anywhere you feel love and comfort.It is a place where you belong,and often a place you consider your origin.You can also simply carry the feeling of home with you—that is,a feeling of love and loyalty to your family and places that are dear to you.
In other words,“home” is not simply a building where you live—that’s a house.Some people find that returning to a childhood place brings only joy and delight.When these people return to their childhood homes,they may say “Home Sweet Home!”
Of course,you can say this anywhere.A single woman living alone in her first apartment may come home after a tough day at work and sigh,“Ah,home sweet home!” If she loves her apartment she might also say:“There’s no place like home.”
But what about those people who must stay away from their homes for a long time? They still want to feel connected to a place they can depend on.Hotels know this about travelers.Many advertise that they will be a home away from home.This expression describes a place where everything is familiar and comfortable.
Friends can also give you a home away from home.When you visit them,they may say to you:“Make yourself at home!” This common expression means someone wants you to feel relaxed and welcome.
1.When the police say they are homing in on the suspects,they mean .?
A.they will go to the suspects’ home B.they will catch the suspects soon
C.they are going home with the suspects D.they are getting closer to the home
2.What does the underlined word “dear” in Para.2 mean?
A.precious B.expensive
C.familiar D.favorite
3.Why do many hotels advertise that they will be a home for the travelers?
A.To provide a home for the travelers.
B.To make the travelers believe they have a home.
C.To convince the travelers of how comfortable their hotels are.
D.To describe their hotels more vividly.
4.When you want to make someone feel relaxed and welcome,you can say .?
A.Help yourself B.Make yourself at home
C.Just do it D.Don’t be nervous
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了home一词词义的发展演变过程。
答案及剖析:
1.B 推理判断题。根据when you home in on something you get closer to your target可知,home in on指的是“更加接近某物”,故选B。
2.A 词义猜测题。根据...home is anywhere you feel love and comfort.It is a place where you belong,and often a place you consider your origin.You can also simply carry the feeling of home with you—that is,a feeling of love and loyalty to your family可知,此处的places对人们的意义应同“家”一样,故A最合适。
3.C 细节理解题。由Many advertise that they will be a home away from home.This expression describes a place where everything is familiar and comfortable.可知,许多旅店说他们会给顾客提供一个家,为的是使顾客相信他们的旅店是多么舒适,故选C。
4.B 细节理解题。由When you visit them,they may say to you:“Make yourself at home!” This common expression means someone wants you to feel relaxed and welcome.可知,make yourself at home意思是使对方放松,故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2018河南示范高中联考)
Health care is regarded as an important way to improve the health and well-being of people around the world.In many countries of the world,free health care is provided by the government.1. ?
Clearly,we all have to pay for this service through our taxes.
2. They say that people who take unnecessary risks should not receive this free health care.For example,people who join in risky activities such as skiing are more likely to have an accident.It has been suggested that these people should pay for any medical treatment they require.?
3. Firstly,it’s difficult to say exactly what is risky and what is not.For example,not doing enough exercise is probably more risky than skiing in the long run.As a result,it isn’t fair to give free health care to an inactive person and make the skier pay.4. Clearly,these people should receive free medical treatment if they are hurt on the job.?
Finally,I would like to say that I think free health care is a good thing.I understand that the system is not perfectly fair because some people use it more than others.Besides,not all the medical treatment is really necessary for the health of the patient.The taxpayer should not have to pay the costs of such treatment.5. ?
A.It offers plenty of money to run.
B.Personally,I disagree with this point of view.
C.However,some people think this is basically unjust.
D.This means that everybody has a chance to see a doctor.
E.Free health care will decrease the economy of the country.
F.Besides,firefighters take risks,but they are necessary risks.
G.However,in my opinion,this is a small price to pay for a healthier society.
答案:1-5 DCBFG
Ⅲ.完形填空
“Give your shoes a shine,sir?”At a street corner a woman was repeating hawking to the people moving into and out of McDonald’s.
A middle-aged man sat down having her shining his 1 .He saw a little girl standing 2 her,looking eagerly at the 3 behind him.He took a French chicken leg out of the shopping bag and handed it to her.The girl 4 off and hid herself behind the woman,leaving only her 5 exposed,staring at his 6 .?
“Thank you for your kindness,but I’m going to 7 her one 8 finishing my work,” said the woman.?
“But this is just for kids,” said the man.“I’ve got a lot of them.”
At the man’s insistence,the woman let the girl 9 it.She put a brilliant shine on the shoes.Greatly 10 ,the man paid her and was about to 11 when suddenly the girl said,“You are Santa Claus,I know.”?
The man seemed to be a little taken back,and then patted the girl on the head:“Ha-ha,Merry 12 to you,my little girl.”?
The man left.The girl lifted the chicken leg to the woman’s 13 ,and the woman gave it a 14 bite.At this moment a dirty dog came running,looking up 15 at the girl.She 16 off a small piece and sent it to his mouth.?
The little dog wagged his 17 and woofed(汪汪叫) to her happily.?
The little girl said giggling(咯咯地笑):“He is 18 .He must be saying:‘You are Santa Claus,I know.’”?
She put another piece of chicken leg into 19 mouth,patting his head and saying:“Merry Christmas to you,my little 20 .”?
1.A.shoes B.hands C.car D.legs
2.A.before B.beside C.behind D.beneath
3.A.bag B.restaurant C.street D.chickens
4.A.walked B.took C.backed D.dropped
5.A.head B.nose C.ears D.eyes
6.A.leg B.expressions C.actions D.hand
7.A.give B.lend C.buy D.make
8.A.after B.while C.before D.until
9.A.refuse B.eat C.accept D.appreciate
10.A.surprised B.interested C.moved D.satisfied
11.A.leave B.escape C.speak D.thank
12.A.New Year B.birthday C.Christmas D.Halloween
13.A.eyes B.nose C.chin D.lips
14.A.big B.slight C.good D.wonderful
15.A.happily B.interestedly C.secretly D.eagerly
16.A.tore B.threw C.broke D.cut
17.A.head B.tongue C.leg D.tail
18.A.crying B.speaking C.gesturing D.dancing
19.A.her own B.the woman’s C.the dog’s D.the man’s
20.A.girl B.guy C.friend D.boy
语篇解读:文章主要讲述了一个圣诞节发生的故事。一位男士让擦鞋匠擦鞋时,给了她女儿一根鸡腿,让她度过了一个愉快的圣诞节。小女儿也学着把食物分享给一只流浪狗。这是一个充满感恩的故事。
答案及剖析:
1.A 根据文章第一句话“Give your shoes a shine,sir?” 可知文中的妇女是擦鞋匠,一个中年男人坐下来让她给他擦鞋。所以选A。
2.B 根据下文hid herself behind the woman 可知,小女孩站在她妈妈身边。所以选B。
3.B 根据第一段中的moving into and out of McDonald’s 可以推知,此处表示“小女孩渴望地看着他身后的餐馆”。
4.C walk off 走开;take off (使)离开;back off后退;drop off落下,减少。女孩往后退然后藏到那个妇女身后。
5.D 根据后文的staring可知,此处指“眼睛”。
6.D 上文说到男士拿出一根鸡腿,所以此处表示“盯着他的手看”。
7.C 根据下文“I’ve got a lot of them”可以推知,此处选用与got同义的动词buy。
8.A 此处指在完成工作以后买,所以用after。
9.C 在男士的坚持之下,妇女让小女孩接受了鸡腿。从上文可知一开始妇女是拒绝的,这里有转折,所以应表示“接受”。
10.D 根据前文可知妇女给男士擦鞋,后文说男士付了钱,所以此处应该是男士对妇女的服务特别满意,所以选D。
11.A be about to是“就要,将要”的意思。在男士就要离开的时候,女孩突然说:“我知道,你是圣诞老人。” leave有“离开”的意思,所以选A。
12.C 根据前文的Santa Claus可知,这一天是圣诞节,所以此处表达为Merry Christmas to you,意为“圣诞快乐”。
13.D 根据下文中的bite可知,女孩把鸡腿举到妇女的嘴边。选D。
14.B 由妇女是擦鞋匠可知,她们母女生活贫穷,所以当小女孩给她吃鸡腿的时候,妇女不舍得吃,只咬了一小口,因此用slight。
15.D 由文中a dirty dog可以推知,小狗可能是只流浪狗,所以应该是渴望地看着小女孩希望可以得到一点吃的。
16.A tear off 撕下,tore是tear的过去式。她撕下一小块送到小狗嘴边。throw off摆脱,抛掉;break off 折断;cut off 切除。
17.D wag摇动,摆动,由常识可知,狗高兴时会摇尾巴。故选D项。
18.B 从下文“他一定在说:‘我知道你是圣诞老人’”可知,小女孩认为小狗在说话。所以选B。
19.C 由another可知,是“另一片,又一片”,所以是小女孩又给了小狗一片肉,所以选C。
20.D 这句话是小女孩对小狗说的话,从上文的He 可以看出,小女孩把小狗当成了小男孩,且由前文男士说的“Merry 12 to you,my little girl.”可知,此处用boy。?
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Unit 2 Language
能力提升题组训练(B)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018桂林全程模拟)
Some people say global English is no longer just controlled by British or American English, but is running free and developing unique local forms. Can you figure out the following terms?
“I like your smile, but unlike you put your shoes on my face.” This is a way of saying “Keep off the grass.” Or “people mountain, people sea”, which means “very crowded”.
These examples are what we call Chinglish. When it comes to Chinglish, if all you know is “good good study, day day up”, you will be considered “out man”.
Nowadays, more Chinglish words have been created, for example, a Chinese idiom is translated as “smilence”, a combination of the English words smile and silence.
Chinglish usually offers a humorous look at the misuse of the English language in Chinese street signs, products, and advertising. They are favored by some English-speaking tourists and visitors. Dominic Swire has been living in Beijing for a couple of years. He said, “I think many Chinese people complain about the Chinglish and badly translated English. But you know, sometimes for us foreigners, it’s actually quite charming to see them. I think if the translations of English in China were all perfect, then something would be lost from the Chinese culture.”
However, Chinglish will probably become a “cultural relic” in the near future. Beijing has made a comprehensive plan to improve foreign language services and eliminate(消除) Chinglish within five years. “It is very ridiculous to see Chinglish on the signs in some scenic spots. And they are a kind of barriers for communication between Chinese and people from other countries,” a Beijinger said.
Some Chinese university experts side with Chinglish. They argue that English has absorbed elements from other languages such as French and Spanish in its growth, and now it’s Chinese’s turn.
1.What can we call Chinglish?
A.The English words which get new Chinese meanings.
B.The Chinese words which are difficult to translate.
C.The words combining English vocabulary and Chinese grammar.
D.The local words preventing foreigners to learn Chinese well.
2.Who will be called “out man” according to the passage?
A.A person who knows little about Chinglish words.
B.A student who hates learning foreign languages.
C.A tourist who fails to understand local translations.
D.An expert who doesn’t support Chinglish at all.
3.What is Swire’s attitude to Chinglish?
A.It can show the humor of Chinese. B.It will attract more foreign tourists.
C.It helps him to learn Chinese well. D.It seems part of Chinese culture.
4.Chinglish is likely to become a “cultural relic” in Beijing because .?
A.it has become a unique bridge between Chinese and English
B.Chinglish is a chance to enrich Chinese and English
C.it improves the understanding between Chinese and foreigners
D.Beijing is determined to get rid of Chinglish
语篇解读:本文介绍了“中式英语”的特征及发展状况和趋势。
答案及剖析:
1.C 推理判断题。根据文中第二段列举的例子可推知,将英语词汇和汉语语法结合起来的表达方式就叫做中式英语。故选C。
2.A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段的第二句可知,如果你只知道“good good study, day day up”这一句中式英语的话,你就跟不上时代了,故选A。
3.D 细节理解题。根据文章第五段中Swire的观点可以判断出,现在对于外国人来说,中式英语很吸引人,它已成为中国文化的一部分了。故选D。
4.D 细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的“Beijing has made a comprehensive plan to improve foreign language services and eliminate Chinglish within five years.”可以判断出,北京已经开始计划在五年之内清除中式英语。故选D。
B
(2018南通、扬州、泰州、徐州高三三模)
Symbolic communication in the form of language underlies our unique ability to reason—or the conventional wisdom holds so.A new study published in Science,though, suggests our capacity to reason logically may not actually depend on language,at least not fully.The findings show babies still too young to speak can reason and make reasonable deductions.
The authors—a team from several European institutions—studied infants(婴儿) aged 12 and 19 months,when language learning and speech production has just begun but before complex mastery has been achieved.The children had to inspect distinct objects repeatedly—such as a dinosaur and a flower.The items were initially hidden behind a black wall.In one set of experiments the animation(动漫)would show a cup scooping up(舀出)the dinosaur.Half of the time,the barrier would then be removed to reveal,as expected,the remaining flower.In the rest of the instances,though,the wall would disappear and a second dinosaur would be there.
The children deduced in these latter occurrences that something was not quite right,even though they were unable to express in words what was wrong,Eye-tracking—a commonly used technique to judge mental abilities in preverbal(语前的)children and apes—showed infants stared significantly longer at scenes where the unexpected object appeared behind the barrier,suggesting they were confused by the reveal.“Our results indicate that the acquisition of logical vocabulary might not be the source of the most fundamental logical building blocks in the mind,”says lead study author Nicoló Cesana-Arlotti.A major component of human logic,he notes,relates to thinking about alternative possibilities and eliminating inconsistent ones:Does the dinosaur sit behind the barrier or does the flower?In a formal logic this is called a disjunctive syllogism(析取三段论):A or B;not if A,therefore B.
Cesana-Arlotti acknowledges his findings do not deny the importance of language and symbolic communication to human brain development,and to our evolutionary backstory.Yet the new research suggests that perhaps it is not entirely necessary to shape the brain’s logical reasoning capacities.He plans further work studying how logic before the development of language might still differ from reasoning abilities that appear once language comes along,as language may open additional reasoning abilities unavailable to the speechless brain.
“To our knowledge,nobody has ever directly documented logical reasoning in 12-month-old infants before,” he adds.
5.We can learn from the new study published in Science that .?
A.the ability to reason logically is unique to humans
B.babies are too young to make reasonable deductions
C.language is not a requirement for some basic reasoning
D.the new findings correspond with the conventional ideas
6.The researchers draw the conclusion from the fact that .?
A.the infants were aware of illogical outcomes
B.the infants inspected distinct objects over and again
C.the infants were very sensitive to the removal of the barrier
D.the infants showed interest in the appearance of the dinosaur
7.The underlined word “eliminating” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ”.?
A.resisting B.removing
C.expanding D.exploring
8.According to the text,what will Cesana-Arlotti study further?
A.The mental development of babies.
B.The initial state of logic in the mind.
C.Distinctions between verbal and preverbal logic.
D.Additional reasoning abilities of the speechless brain.
语篇解读:本文是说明文。一项新的研究表明我们的逻辑推理能力事实上可能不依赖语言,至少不完全依赖语言。还不会说话的婴儿也能够思考并进行合理的推理。
答案及剖析:
5.C 细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study published in Science...at least not fully”可知,语言不是一些基础推理的必要条件。
6.A 推理判断题。根据第三段“The children deduced in these latter occurrences...what was wrong.”可知孩子们可推断出有些地方不大对劲,即使他们无法用语言来表达,故推出婴儿意识到一些不合逻辑的结果符合题意。
7.B 词义猜测题。根据第三段“In a formal logic this is called a disjunctive syllogism(析取三段论):A or B;not if A,therefore B.”可知,在正式的逻辑思维中这叫作析取三段论:A或B;非A则B,由此可知,这种思维是考虑选择的可能性然后去除不相符的内容,remove“移动,去除”符合题意。
8.C 细节理解题。根据第四段“He plans further work studying how logic...the speechless brain.”可知,切赛纳·阿尔罗捷将会进一步研究语言逻辑和语前逻辑之间的 差别。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2018高考原创押题预测卷)
Liz Murray,an American girl,is in her early twenties.Since she was born,she 1.
(write) a real-life story of willpower and determination.Liz grew up in the shadow 2. two drug-addicted parents.Her mother died 3. Liz was just 15 years old.The effect of that loss became a turning point in her life.Connecting the environment in 4. she had grown up with how her mother had died,she decided to do something about it.Liz went back to school and threw herself into her 5. (study).At night,she lived on the streets.“What drove me to live on had something 6. (do) with understanding.By understanding that there was a whole other way of 7. (live),I had only experienced a small part of society,”she wrote in her book Breaking Night.She used the benefits that come 8. (easy) to others,such as a safe living environment,to encourage 9.
(she) that “next to nothing could hold me down”.She finished high school in just two years and won a full scholarship to study at Harvard University.But Liz decided to leave her top university a couple of months 10. (early) this year in order to take care of her father,who has developed lung cancer.?
答案及剖析:
1.has been writing 考查动词时态。since 引导的时间状语从句对应的主句通常用现在完成时,“自出生以来,她一直在书写一个真实生活中的意志力和决心的故事”,表示动作从过去一直延续到现在,并且还在继续,应用现在完成进行时。所以本空的答案为has been writing。
2.of 考查介词。in the shadow of 意思是“在……的阴影中”,本句的意思是“Liz 生活在两个对毒品上瘾的父母的阴影中”,所以正确答案为of。
3.when 考查连词。在她只有十五岁的时候她的妈妈去世了,此处表示“当……的时候”,所以要用连词when。
4.which 考查关系代词。这里的which 指代前面的the environment,和前面的介词in 构成“介词+关系代词”,相当于where,用来引导定语从句,意思是“在她成长的环境中”。所以此空填which。
5.studies 考查名词复数的用法。母亲去世后,她回到学校,让自己投入到“学业”中。表示各门功课的学习,应该用复数形式,故填studies。
6.to do 考查非谓语动词。have something to do with 是固定搭配,意思是“与某事有关系”,所以此处填to do。
7.living 考查非谓语动词。完全不同的“生活”方式,live 前面是介词of,of后面要用动名词形式,故填living。
8.easily 考查副词。come 是动词,后面要用副词来修饰,easy 是形容词,它的副词形式为easily,所以填easily。
9.herself 考查代词。前面有动词encourage,所以后面的she 应该变成相应的形式来作宾语,她鼓励自己,所以填herself。
10.earlier 考查副词比较级。今年她决定早离校几个月,因为她要照顾患癌症的父亲,所以要用比较级形式,故填earlier。
Ⅲ.短文改错(2018高考原创押题预测卷)
As we all know,friendship plays a important part in our life.If we have close friend,we can not only share happiness with them but also get support and encouragement from them,which can make us live a much more happier life.Unluckily, many young people misunderstood the meaning of friendship.They think anyone who help them escape punishment is a friend.In my opinion,a good friend is a friend who is honest and willingly to give you a hand when you in trouble.But he or she is always telling you the truth and is willing to help you correct mistakes.Beside,I think we must respect our friends and treat them with the way we want to be treated.
答案:As we all know,friendship plays important part in our life.If we have close ,we can not only share happiness with them but also get support and encouragement from them,which can make us live a much more happier life. Unluckily,many young people the meaning of friendship.They think anyone who them escape punishment is a friend.In my opinion,a good friend is a friend who is honest and to give you a hand when you in trouble. he or she is always telling you the truth and is willing to help you correct mistakes.,I think we must respect our friends and treat them the way we want to be treated.
剖析:考查冠词。important 是元音音素开头的单词,前应用an。
考查名词。根据下文them 知道friend用复数。
考查形容词比较级。happier 是比较级,前不能再加more。
考查动词时态。根据上下文可知应用一般现在时。
考查主谓一致。anyone 作主语时谓语用第三人称单数。
考查形容词。作表语应用形容词。
考查系动词。句子缺少谓语动词,在you 后加动词are。be in trouble处于困境。
考查连词。两个句子之间是并列关系,不是转折关系。
考查副词。此处应为“除此之外”,改为Besides。
考查介词。用某种方式应用in。
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