2020高考英语语法专题十二特殊句式及结构课件（24张PP）

课件24张PPT。十二、特殊句式及结构语法精讲考点一　倒装
(一)完全倒装
1.表示方向、地点和时间的副词、介词短语置于句首用完全倒装。常见的
有:there,here,in,out,away,up,down,from,off,back,over,then,now,
in the room,on the wall 等。
Here comes the bus.车来了。In rushed the angry man.
那个生气的男人冲了进来。
Now is your turn.现在轮到你了。
In front of the school gate is a big beautiful garden.
学校门前是一个漂亮的大花园。特别提示 主语为代词时不倒装。
Out they rushed.他们冲了出去。2.表语+连系动词+主语(表语是形容词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、过
去分词等)Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授,还有许多其他客人。
Such are the facts; no one can deny them.
这些就是事实,没有人可以否认。(二)部分倒装
1.“only+状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)”置于句首时,句子或者主
句要用部分倒装。Only then did he realize that he had lost his way.
直到那时他才意识到自己迷路了。
Only when he returned did we find out the truth.
唯有他回来,我们才能弄明白事实。2.具有否定意义的副词或短语如not,nor,neither,never,seldom,
rarely,hardly,little,by no means,at no time,in no way,under
no circumstances等位于句首时,句子用部分倒装。
Seldom had he seen a child with so much talent.
他以前很少见过如此有天赋的孩子。
By no means shall we give up.我们绝不会放弃。3.在以下几个固定句式结构中,句子使用部分倒装。
(1)so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语
They love having lots of friends.So do those with
disabilities.
他们喜欢拥有许多朋友,残疾人也是如此。特别提示 so表示“是的,确实”,重复上文,表示赞同对方的观点时,主谓语不倒装。
—It is too hot.——天太热了。
—So it is.——是啊,的确很热。(2)neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语
I don’t know who he is,nor do I want to know.
我不知道他是谁,我也不想知道。
(3)在such/so...that ...结构中,“so/such+被修饰词”位于句首时,主句
用部分倒装。
So fast did he run that he was far ahead of others.
他跑得很快,远远领先于其他人。
(4)neither...nor...结构位于两个分句的句首时,用部分倒装。
Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.
我不知道这件事,我也不在乎。
(5)在not only ...but (also)...结构中,not only位于句首时,第一个分句
用部分倒装。
Not only do I like painting,but I (also) take a course.
我不但喜欢画画,而且还上了绘画课。特别提示 此结构连接主语时不倒装。
Not only he but also his parents are sick.
不但他而且他父母也病了。(6)not until ...位于句首时,句子或主句用部分倒装。
Not until my son had entered the university did he realize
the importance of time.
直到我儿子上了大学他才知道时间的重要性。
(7)在hardly...when.../no sooner...than...结构中,hardly/no
sooner位于句首时,主句用部分倒装。
Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at
the door.
她一坐下就听到有人敲门。
No sooner had she stepped out of the house than it began to
rain.她刚踏出家门天就下起雨来。特别提示 这两个结构都要求主句谓语用过去完成时。(8)as/though引导的让步状语从句可以将句中状语、表语、动词原形提
到句首构成部分倒装。
Pretty as/though she is,she is not proud.
尽管她很漂亮,但她一点也不自负。
Try as he would,he might fail again.
尽管他还会尝试,但可能还会失败。特别提示 单数可数名词表语提前时,省略其前的不定冠词。
Child as he is,he knows a lot.
虽然他还是个孩子,但他懂得很多。(9)虚拟条件句若有had,were,should时,可省略if,从句用部分倒装。
Were I you,I would take his advice.
如果我是你,我会接受他的建议。
Should it rain tomorrow,the sports meeting would be put off.
如果明天下雨,运动会将会推迟。考点二　省略
状语从句的省略
1.在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as,if,unless,as if,though,
as等引导的状语从句中,若谓语部分含有be动词,而从句的主语又与主句
的主语一致或从句的主语是it 时,从句的主语和be动词常被省略。
While (we were) walking,we met our old friend Jack.
我们散步时碰到了老朋友杰克。
2.if so,if any,if possible,if necessary,if not 已看作固定搭配。
If (it is) necessary,ask Mr.Wang to help you.
如果有必要,找王先生帮你。
Errors,if (there are) any,should be corrected.
如果有什么错误,就应该改正。考点三　强调句型
1.强调句的基本句型是“It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其他部
分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语、状语等。
It is only children who will make such stupid mistakes.
只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。
2.强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前,特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问
词+is/was+it+that+其他部分”。
Was it in this market that you bought the TV?
你是在这个市场买的电视吗?
Where was it that he got the information?
他是从哪里弄到这个信息的?特别提示 强调句型不能强调谓语动词。如果需要强调谓语动词,用“助动词do,does或did+动词原形”,意为“的确;真的;务必”。
Do sit down.务必请坐。
He did say that he would help me.他的确说过他会帮我的。考点四　there be结构
1.there be结构的谓语形式there be结构中的谓语动词be有时可用seem to be,happen to be,be likely to be 或remain,stand,lie,go,exist,follow,live,come,occur 等替换。
There seems to be something wrong with the machine.
机器好像出了点问题。
There is likely to be an important meeting tomorrow.
明天很可能会有一个重要的会议。
Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple.从前,那座庙里住着一个老和尚。2.there be结构的非谓语形式
What is the chance of there being an election this year?
今年举行选举的可能性有多大?
(there be的动词-ing形式作介词 of的宾语)
I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job.
我希望他有很多机会能找到工作。
(there be的动词不定式结构作动词expect的复合宾语)　考点五　感叹句
感叹句常用来表示惊叹、赞美、喜悦等语气。
1.what 引导的感叹句What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
What+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!
What a strange plant!I’ve never seen it before.
这种植物真奇怪!我以前从未见过。
What lovely children they are!
他们是多么可爱的孩子啊!2.how 引导的感叹句How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!
How+主语+谓语!
How interesting a story it is!
=What an interesting story it is!
这是多么有趣的一个故事啊!
How time flies!
时间过得真快啊!真题链接1.You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel 　　　　.
the coach picks up tourists.(2016天津)?
2.Not until recently 　　　　 they encourage the development of
tourist-related activities in the rural areas.(2016江苏)?答案及剖析:
1.that　考查强调句。句意:你等错地方了。长途汽车是在宾馆接的游
客。要判断本题是不是强调句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+
其他。首先将本句中的It is 和空处去掉,剩下的部分仍为完整的句
子,故本句为强调句,因强调的部分是地点,故填that。
2.did　考查倒装句。句意:直到近期,他们才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游
有关的活动。not until 位于句首时,句子需用部分倒装,此处指过去
所发生的动作,需用一般过去时,故答案为did。跟踪训练Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.So buried 　　　　 (be) she in doing her homework that she
didn’t notice it got dark outside.(2017天津十二区县联考)?
2.Out 　　　　 (rush) a group of young men,still discussing the
performance with great interest.?答案及剖析:
1.was　考查倒装句。句意:她如此埋头做她的家庭作业以至于她都没注
意到外面天已经黑了。在so... that... 句型中,将so... 置于句首,
后面的主谓语需部分倒装;根据题干中didn’t 可知设空处需用一般
过去时,故答案为was。
2.rushed　考查完全倒装。本句中作状语的副词out放在句首,句子用完
全倒装,所以此处应该填谓语动词,所以填rushed。3.It was consistent love and kindness 　　　　 won a lifelong
friendship.(2017江西红色七校联考)?
4.Only when he apologized for his rudeness 　　　　 I speak to
him again.?答案及剖析:
3.that　考查强调句。句意:是持续的爱和宽容赢得了终生的友谊。本
题属于强调句结构It was+被强调部分+who/that+其他。被强调部分
为consistent love and kindness,故答案为that。
4.did　考查倒装句中助动词的用法。only修饰状语从句放在句首,主句
应该用部分倒装,填助动词did。5.A child,if actively 　　　　 (engage) in classroom activities,
can be taught many things.?
6.It was when we were returning home 　　　　I realized what a
good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.?答案及剖析:
5.engaged　考查省略句。句意:如果孩子能积极参加课堂活动,他能学
会许多东西。将本句补全后为:If a child is actively engaged in
classroom activities,he can be taught many things,故填
engaged。
6.that　考查强调句。此句去掉It was及空格后,when we were
returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to
have helped someone in trouble仍是一个意义完整的句子,故判断
此句是一个强调句,强调时间状语从句when we were returning home,
因此用that。7.To my surprise,there at the door 　　　　(stand) a girl
trembling in wet clothes.?
8.Not until he went through real hardship 　　　　 he realize
the love we have for our families is important.?答案及剖析:
7.stood　考查完全倒装。句意:让我大为吃惊的是,在门口站着一个女
孩,穿着湿衣服颤抖着。There置于句首主语是名词时,用完全倒装。
8.did　考查倒装句。句意:直到经历了真正的困难,他才意识到我们对
家人的爱是多么重要。“Not until...”置于句首,主句需要部分倒
装,故用助动词did 来帮助构成部分倒装结构。9.Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century
　　　　his musical gift was fully recognized.?
10.Though 　　　 　(raise) in a big city,Peter always prefers
to paint the beautiful scenes of country life.?答案及剖析:
9.that　考查强调句型。It was not until　...that...是强调句型,
表示“直到……时候才……”。
10.raised　考查状语从句的省略。句意:虽然是在大城市长大的,彼得
总是更喜欢画美丽的乡村生活场景。从句部分是省略句,完整的句子
是Though Peter was raised in a big city。Ⅱ.单句语法改错(含非本专项及一句二错试题)
1.How do you think I should do?
2.I am sure whether I can perfectly live up to your expectations.
3.It was just then when I began to worry about my safety.答案及剖析:
1.How→What　句意:你认为我该做些什么?此句为双重疑问句,特殊疑问
词位于句首,而事实上是从句do 的宾语,而how 为副词不能充当宾语。
2.whether→that　句意:我确信我决不会辜负你的期望的。分析句子结构
可知,I am sure 后面是宾语从句,根据句意可知,引导从句的引导词在
句中并没有意义,故将whether 改为that。
3.when→that　句意:就在那时我开始担心我的安全了。本句为强调句型,
被强调部分为just then,故将when 改为that。4.I couldn’t believe my luck—not only did I had my photo taken
with him,but he signed his name on my shirt!
5.My only mistake was that I dropped some biscuits on the floor
after I was packing them up.
6.There has a big library in our school.
(2017湖南长郡中学等四校联考)答案及剖析:
4.had→have　not only 置于句首时,句子部分倒装,did 已经提前,故
had 应改为原形 have。
5.after→when/while　句意:我所犯的唯一的错误就是当我包装饼干
时,掉在了地上一些。when/while 当……时候,符合语境。after
在……之后。
6.has→is　句意:我们学校有一个很大的图书馆。本题属于there be
句型。没有there have/has 结构。7.I also know that only when your baby daughter was asleep you
write the first book,so you worked on them for five years.
8.It was him who showed me how to smile through the rough times.
(2017全国名校大联考)答案及剖析:
7.第一个you前加could　句意:我也知道,只有当你的女儿睡着了,你才能
写你的第一本书,所以,你完成这本书用了5年。only 修饰的状语从句位
于主句之前,主句须倒装;根据句意可知,表示过去的可能性,此处加
could。
them→it　根据句意可知,此处指前面的the first book,应用指示代词
it 来代替。
8.him→he　本句为强调句型。被强调部分为句子主语,故将him 改为he。9.My dear friends,don’t afraid of problems,but take advantage
of them to be the best of ourselves.(2017山东潍坊模拟考试)
10.What difficult the job is!Your son David and your daughter
Jessica must be proud for you.答案及剖析:
9.don’t 后加be　句意:我亲爱的朋友,不要害怕问题,而要充分利用问
题使我们成为最好的自己。“don’t afraid of problems” 为祈使
句的否定形式,形容词afraid 前需加上系动词be。
10.What→How　根据后面的形容词可知,对形容词感叹须用How。
for→of　根据句意可知“对……自豪”须用固定短语be proud of。