人教版高中英语必修五 Unit1 Great Scientists part 6 Grammar 课件（22张）

课件22张PPT。 Grammar Part 6语法归纳 过去分词作定语和表语一、过去分词作定语
[观察] 仔细观察下列几组句子中过去分词的用法, 然后加以总结。
1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.3. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.
4. Is there anyone injured?1. 过去分词作定语时, 表示动作在_____
______之前发生, 已经完成并往往具有______的意思(见例句3)。此时, 作定语的过去分词一般是由 ______动词变来的, 因为只有此类动词才有被动意义。[总 结]及物 被动 2. 单个的过去分词作定语, 一般放在所修饰的名词 _____ (见例句2、3); 但如果被修饰的词是由every/ some/ any/ nothing/ nobody/no one所构成的不定代词/指示代词those时.单个的过去分词也要放在被修饰的词 _____ (见例句4)。___________作定语, 一般放在所修饰的名词的后面, 当后置定语, 表示被动或完成, 其作用相当于一个定语从句, 见例句1。过去分词短语 之前之后 过去分词与现在分词作定语时的区别：
前者作定语时, 一般表示被动或完成意义; 而后者与所修饰的名词之间是主动关系, 往往表示动作正在进行。3. 某些表示 ______ 或状态的过去分词当定语并不表示被动或完成, 因其已形容词化, 如例句2。[辨析]:情感1. The prize of the game show is ＄30,000 and an all expense paid vacation to China.
2. There are many boys playing football on the playground.二、过去分词作表语
[观察]
1. He became interested in two theories.
2. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 过去分词作表语时, 与谓语动词构成____结构, 表示主语的性质、特征或 ______。[总 结]状态系表[辨析]: 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：
前者表示主语的状态和特征, 可被very修饰; 而后者则表示动作, 不能被程度副词very修饰。试比较：
Miss Green was very pleased with the dish which was cooked by herself. (was very pleased)是系表结构; 而was cooked是被动语态, 表动作, 不能把very放在cooked之前。 过去分词作表语与动词-ing作表语的区别：
过去分词作表语, 表示被动或完成, 有时表示主语(人)所处的心理状态; 而动词
-ing作表语, 表示主动或进行。如：
Mr.Smith was very tired of the speech that was boring.[辨析]:同步作业一、单句填空
1. With the government’s aid, those
________ (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
2. The trees _______ (blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.blown affected3. There was nobody _______ (injury).
4. Most of the artists _______ (invite) to the party were from Shanghai.
5. Global warming, once a distant threat, is becoming a ___________ reality and people in some parts of the world are really __________(frighten).frightened injuredinvitedfrightening6. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to get _________ (change) before the party.
7. I had to borrow a pen from Jack, for mine was _____ (lose).lost changed8. They are cleaning the ______ (fall) leaves in the yard.
9. He felt very _________ when he heard the _____________ result. (disappoint)
10. She remained __________ (marry) all her life and lived a lonely life.unmarriedfallendisappointeddisappointing二、语篇填空用
There is no doubt that the 21st century will be marked by a burst of new science and technology such as cloning(克隆)and the Internet fills our heart with delight as well as awe.
Future development of science and technology will bring us with both benefits and problems. 1 ______(be) sure, we human beings will enjoy the fruit of 2 _________(advance) science and technology.3 __________ (consider)the case of cloning. 解析：1. to be sure 诚然。
解析：2. 过去分词advanced当前置定语, “先进的”。
解析：3. 此处应构成一个祈使句, 引出下文, 故填动词原形。To beadvancedConsiderIt opens many 4 _______ (excite) possibilities, from saving 5 _________ (endanger) animal species to 6 ________ (produce)organs for transplant patients. 解析: 4. 现在分词exciting修饰事物, “令人激动的”。
解析: 5. animal species与endanger构成被动关系, 故用过去分词作定语, “濒临灭绝的”。
解析: 6. from...to结构中的to是介词, 故填动名词形式作宾语。excitingendangeredproducingNevertheless, new science and technology will not be a great challenge to all members of society as well. Furthermore, severe air pollution7 ________ (bring) on by the wide use of modern technology will contribute a threat to human survival.解析：7. 因air pollution与bring on 是被动关系, 故用过去分词短语当后置定语。brought In my eyes, however, such problems and dangers will be overcome by solutions and opportunities 8 _______(offer) by the development of science and technology, and 9 _________(balance)by human beings 10
_______ (take) corrective action.解析:8. 与上题一样, solutions and opportunities 与offer构成被动关系故用过去分词短语当后置定语。
解析：9. balance和offer并列, 也应用过去分词。
解析：10. 动名词作宾语。offeredbalancedtakingThank you !