人教版高中英语必修五 Unit1 Great Scientists part 11 Extracurricular Reading课件（41张）

课件41张PPT。Part 11 Extracurricular Reading PASSAGE 1 No one can deny(否认) that Albert Einstein was probably the most famous scientist of the twentieth century. He changed 1. _________(science) thinking in the modern world. He is generally considered 2. _______ (be) the greatest physicist who ever lived. What’s more, he devoted a lot of his time and energy to
3. ________ (work) for human rights and progress.workingto bescientificIn 1933, when Einstein was visiting England and the United States, the Nazi 4. ________ (govern) of Germany took all 5. ______(he) things away, including his position and his citizenship. Einstein then settled down in the United States. In 1939, Einstein, 6. _____ loved peace—afraid of a world in which only Hitler would had an atomic bomb — 7. ________(try) hard to persuade President Franklin D. Roosevelt in a famous letter to have the United States 8. ______(start) uranium research. starttriedwhohisgovernmentThat Germany, after all, had no bomb, 9.______ that the first bomb would fall on Japan, could not have been expected. After the war, Einstein never stopped working for peace and reducing 10.______ number of soldiers in the world. the anduranium n.铀
citizenship n.公民身份/资格
no one can deny that 无人能否认
devote…to… 把……奉献给……
human rights 人权
atomic bomb 原子弹
after all 毕竟；终究
fall on 落到；降临；袭击［助读词汇］这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了爱因斯坦为和平和科学做出的贡献。
1. scientific 形容词修饰名词，scientific thinking意为“科学思维”。
2. to be 固定短语be considered to be意为“被认为是……”。
3. working 固定短语devote…to…意为“把……奉献给/投身于……”，to是介词，故后接动名词。
4. government 在the后，of前用名词，表示“政府”。5. his 按照英语的表达习惯，常点名宾语是属于谁的。此处是指“Einstein的……”,故填his，根据后面的his position and his citizenship也可知。
6. who 分析整个句子结构，Einstein是主语，谓语是(try)。而空后又出现谓语动词loved，故此分句肯定是一个非限定性定语从句，主语是人，故填who。(填此类题，同学们只要懂得从结构和句意角度稍微分析，不难得出答案。)7. tried 动词try显然为主句的谓语动词，故只需要考虑时态和语态，整篇短文的主体时态是一般过去式，故填tried，不需要被动。
8. start 由have sb. do sth. 可知。
9. and 分析整个句子，空前是分句，空后也是个分句，故此处一定是填连接词。再从句意分析，前后两个分句只是并列关系，前后是两个并列的主语从句故填and。
10. the 常用语块the number of意为“……的数量/数目”。PASSAGE 2 这是一篇夹叙夹议的短文。主要说明观察和实验在科学发现中的重要性，科学真理必须以事实为根据，必须通过实践来检验。
1. A 句意：他会充分利用他观察到的事实。与文章主要中心相符，且从下面的on obvious facts也可知，其他选项均不符合文意。属于同词复现。
2. D 由第一题可知，正因为科学家以事实为依据，故不接受不以明显的事实为依据的想法。故选D。
3. B 由第2题可知，be based on意为“根据、以……为基础”。4. A 由第2题可知，既然科学家不接受不以明显的事实为依据的想法，故拒绝接受权威作为真理的唯一理由。
5. C 由常识可知，科学家常认真核实想法并通过实验来证实它们。故选C最为合适。
6. A 做实验的目的是“证明”那些想法。故选A。
7. A 固定结构date back (to)…意为“追溯到……”。
8. B 由常识可知，Roger Bacon是意为很棒的哲学家。故选B最佳。其他选项均无法从文章推出。9. B 指“可能”是第一个人。
10. C 由文章第二句的he observes可推出。属于同源词复现。
11. D 常用搭配make a discovery或make discoveries意为“做出新的发现”。
12. C 由常识可知，伽利略是意大利几个伟人中“最伟大的”人。
13. A 由文章第一段的the only reason for truth可推出。属于同词复现。
14. C 由第8题可推出答案。属于同源词复现。
15. B 由下文Galileo的实验和背景知识可推出答案为B。16. C 与上文large相对，应填small。
17. D 从上文的large bodies fell more towards the earth than small ones不难推出答案D最为合适，最能表达出两个不同重量的石头。其他选项均没那么确切。
18. B 整个句子是个强调句型。句意：正是伽利略的这种直接到大自然中去通过实验来证明我们的判断和理论的精神，才有了现代科学的所有伟大发现。只有B最合适，其他选项都不符合文意。
19. D 通过实验来证明的应是“理论”。
20. D 由第14题以及第二段最后一句的many important discoveries不难推出。属于同词复现。philosopher n.哲学家
observer n.观察者
observe vt. & vi. 观察
obvious adj.明显的
authority n.权威
theory n.理论
make full use of 充分利用
by degrees 逐渐地；渐渐地
the Leaning Tower of Pisa 比萨斜塔
lead to 导致［助读词汇］PASSAGE 3 本文介绍本杰明·富兰克林(Benjamin Franklin) 是美国历史上第一位享有国际声誉的科学家、发明家。
1. B 细节理解题。这篇文章提到了富兰克林发明的四种东西：双光眼镜、避雷针、富兰克林炉和里程表，故选B。
2. B 细节理解题。由第四段中的“…warm their homes less dangerously and with less wood”可知，富兰克林发明的炉子更安全，更节省木材，故选B。3. D 细节理解题。富兰克林发明双光眼镜并不是因为视力不好，而是因为厌烦了频繁地摘下和戴上眼镜，因此不能选A。倒数第二段中提到“As a postmaster…”可知，他在邮局工作的时候发明了简易里程表，故选D。
4. A 推理判断题。由文章最后一段，Edison和Bell效仿富兰克林，使人类生活得更好，可推断，他们三个人有一个共同点，那就是都有创造更好的生活的强烈愿望，故选A。invention n. 发明物
natural adj.自然的
curiosity n. 好奇
vision n. 视野，视线
single adj. 单一的
dangerously adv. 危险地
establish v. 建立
protect v. 保护
keep track of 记录
distance n. 距离［助读词汇］PASSAGE 4本文讲述的是保持思维灵敏的简易方法。即：聚焦未来、散步和学习新知识。
1. F 下文的3条技巧就是避免思维迟钝的方法。故选F。
2. A 由下文可知经常做计划，制定短期或长期目标的人会做得更好；所以，第一条技巧是要我们聚焦未来。故选A。3. E 由下文可知：如果你的生活中没有充满变数的事情，你就不需要担心你的预定计划；有时候同朋友每个星期约会喝咖啡这样的简单事情就能够使你聚焦未来。故选E。
4. G 由上文可知：锻炼能产生有益大脑的化学物质，后一句是进一步说明，故选G。
5. C 由上句可知对大脑最好的事情是你学新东西时，身体也要动，即脑力劳动和体力劳动相结合的事，就像学习园艺以及和朋友跳舞这样的事情。故选C。
forgetful adj. 健忘的
age vi. 变老
slow down 变得迟钝
annoying adj. 恼人的
upcoming adj. 即将来到的
date n. 约会
Short-term adj. 短期的
mildly adv. 轻微的
mental adj. 精神的
physical adj. 身体的
schedule n. 预定计划［助读强化］PASSAGE 5 我们了解著名人物及发明，如爱迪生的电灯和留声机，贝尔的电话等，但是又有多少人知道红绿灯和雨刮器的发明者呢？
1. B 推理判断题。由第一段中的the less famous inventors…the traffic light and the windshield wiper?并结合下文可推断，作者提到交通信号灯、雨刮器等发明，是想说无数的发明对人类十分有益，虽然它们的发明者没有太大的名气，故选B。2. D 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句.., they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try可知，John McLean教授开设这门课程的目的就是让学生有足够的准备去尝试自己发明东西，故选D。3. B 细节理解题。由第三段中的If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper’s invention … I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive可知，Tommy Lee发明的“不会折断的雨伞”就是受到了雨刮器背后的故事的激励，故选B。
4. C 主旨大意题。纵观全文，特别是第一段指明了文章的主题，即：我们应该了解雨刮器和红绿灯背后的发明者的故事，故选C。famous adj. 著名的
invent v. 发明 in fact 事实上
professor n. 教授 develop v. 发展
strongly adv. 强壮地
topic n.话题 patent n. 专利
umbrella n.雨伞 struggle v. 奋斗
come up with 想出，提出
imagine v. 想象［助读强化］PASSAGE 6本文主要讲述公共演讲和批判性思维的关系。
1. D 由空后所举的例子The greatest thinkers scientists and inventors…to produce new ideas可知选D。
2. E 空后As the class goes on for example…都和speaking class有关，故选E。
3. A 由Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have可知organizing a speech的另一个重要性，故选Rather it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves，故选A4. F 由As you work on…improve your ability to think clearly and accurately.可知，在演讲班学到的技能能帮助你在很多方面成为有效的思考者，故选F。
5. G 根据As you work on…及As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class…可知应该选择动作顺承的选项，故选G。短文改错 (一)
Professor Roger D. Kornberg, a 59-year-old
America, is the winner of the Nobel Prize of
Chemistry for 2006. His contribution is great
help in the research on cure cancers and heart
diseases. Since over a century ago when the Nobel Prize
was first awarded, and he has been the sixth
scientist whose father also ever win the Nobel
Prize. Professor Kornberg used to studying
chemistry in Harvard, and then received
his doctor degree in Stanford. Since
2003, she has been working in Stanford
University School of Medicine. This was
Professor Roger D. Kornberg.(一)本文介绍了2006年诺贝尔奖化学奖得主罗杰·科恩伯格教授。
1. America→ American 是前面人物的同位语，应是指“美国人(American)”而不是“美国(America)”。
2. of→ in 表示在某方面获诺贝尔奖，用介词in，若表示获奖原因用介词for。此处通常用in，也有时用for。
3. 在great help前加of 因为“of+名词”相当于形容词，在此作表语，of great help = very helpful。
4. cure→ curing 在介词后作宾语要用动名词。5. 去掉he has been前面的and 因为其后是句子，而前面Since over a century ago是一个介词短语，这个介词短语中when引导的是定语从句。介词短语与句子之间不用连词。
6. win→ won 他父母也曾获得过诺贝尔奖金，用一般过去时才正确。
7. studying→ study 指过去做某事，是used to do sth.。
8. doctor→ doctor’s 表示“博士学位”是doctor’s degree，又如“硕士学位”是master’s degree。
9. she→ he 从上文可知这位科学家是男的。
10. was→ is 从上文都是用一般现在时介绍该科学家的，可见他还活在世上，也用一般现在时。 (二)
Wu Jianxiong, a female Chinese-American
physicist, was born in Taicang County, Jiangsu
Province on May 31st, in 1912. She went to the
USA for farther education in 1936. Four years
late, she got the doctor’s degree in California
University. After that, she received lots of doctor’s
degree in many famous universities in the
USA. She devoted her life in her research
in physics and won many prizes in the USA
or all around world. She had paid much attention to the develop
of science and technology in China, and she
has been back to hold lectures many times
since 1973. She set off a laboratory under
her name in Dongnan University in 1992.
On February 16th, 1997, she died of heart
disease.（二）本文介绍了美籍华裔女物理学家吴健雄。
1. 去掉1912前的in 表示哪年哪月哪日时，前面具体某天前用on，后面的年份前不用介词，只有逗号分开即可。
2. farther→ further 表示“更远”用farther或further都可以，但表示程度“进一步”时只能用further。
3. late→ later 在“段时间+later”表示多久之后，用later。
4. degree→ degrees 前面有lots of修饰，可数名词用复数。5. in→ to 因devote…to…是固定搭配。
6. or → and 因美国与世界各地并是并列关系而非选择关系。
7. 在world前加the 表示“世界”的world前习惯上总是加上the的。
8. develop→ development 在the与of之间一定是名词。
9. has→ had 从下文看，她已逝世了，此句谓语应是过去完成时，has改为had。
10. off→ up 表示“建立一个实验室”是set up a laboratory，而set off是“动身，出发，使爆炸”的意思。单元词汇串记 Eva Stone Defeats a Strange Disease
As the construction of the newly-built firework factory came to fine fitment stage, a pump, which provides the factory with daily water, was installed. Several days later, dozens of painters in the neighbourhood were defeated by a severe disease, whose characteristic was alike to getting a high fever.
An expert physician, Eva Stone was instructed to attend to the victims and handle this emergency. He was enthusiastic about his work but failed to foresee it was a difficult challenge. After simple enquiries, he decidedly announced that the polluted paint applied to the surface of the pump was to blame. Due to the lack of positive evidence, people suspected and rejected his viewpoint, saying the theory he put forward made no sense. Realizing that he had to find out convincing evidence, Eva Stone was strict with himself and contributed himself to the research work. Apart from making enquiries, he made various kinds of detailed charts and cautiously analysed the relevant data. After months of hard work, he finally drew a scientific conclusion that the victims’ disease is linked with radium on the wall of the pump. Radium a kind of radioactive material in the universe, and if exposed to it, people would absorb this element and develop a disease at once.
Consequently, he appealed to the people to spin the pump backward to remove the pump. This simple movement soon cured all the victims.参考译文：
伊万·斯东击败怪病
正当这座新建的烟花厂的建设进入精装修阶段时，一个给厂提供日常用水的水泵被安装在了一楼。几天后，不知为何，临时住在附近的几十个油漆工都得了一种严重的疾病（油漆工被严重的疾病击倒），其特征与发高烧相似。
一位经验丰富的内科医生，Eva Stone，被命令去护理受害者并负责处理这起突发事件。他对工作非常热情，但却没能预料到这是一个艰大的挑战。经过简单的询问后，他果断宣布说罪魁祸首在于涂在水泵表明的受污染的油漆（油漆应受责备）。 由于缺乏确凿的证据，人们怀疑并拒绝他的观点，都说他提出的理论讲不通。 意识到他必须找出有说服力的证据，Eva Stone严格要求并全身心地投入到调查研究的工作中。除了询问之外，他还制作各种图表，并谨慎分析相关数据。经过数月的努力，他最后得出一个科学的结论，受害者的疾病与水泵表明油漆中的镭有关。镭是宇宙中的一种放射性物质，当暴露在镭的辐射中，人体会吸收这种元素，然后立刻染上疾病。
因此，他号召人们将水泵向后旋转，拆除这个水泵。这个简单的行动很快就治愈了所有受害者。Thank you !