Unit 5 Rhythm
[学生用书P36]
单句语法填空
1．The ____________(perform) lasted near three hours, but few people left the theatre early.
答案：performance
2．The applicants all tried to make a good ____________(impress) on the boss.
答案：impression
3．He was trying to persuade his father to quit ____________(smoke)，but in vain.
答案：smoking
4．All of us knew that she was a ____________(talent) girl and she would succeed in time.
答案：talented
5．Without the teacher’s ____________(permit)，no one is to enter the library.
答案：permission
6．Now if you ____________ excuse me, I think I’ll be on my way.
答案：will
7．He left the station in great ____________(disappoint), for his girlfriend wasn’t on the train.
答案：disappointment
8．His treatment was a ____________(combine) of surgery, radiation and drugs.
答案：combination
9．It is important that we should take ____________(effect) measures to protect the environment.
答案：effective
10．The climate in Kunming is usually very warm with a little snow falling in cold winter ____________ times.
答案：at
单句改错
1．It is suggested that we could solve the problem in a simple way. ____________________
答案：could→should
2．The old man stood there with his eyes fixing on the old photo. ____________________
答案：fixing→fixed
3．He said that his research based on his ten years of careful research. ____________________
答案：第一个research后加was
4．The boy failed in the entrance exams, which made his parents disappointing. ____________________
答案：disappointing→disappointed
5．What was impressed me that night was the excellent performance of the disabled. ____________________
答案：去掉第一个was
单元语法——will表示决定；状语从句
单句语法填空
1．I’m tired of the traffic jam.I ____________(go) to work by bike or on foot from now on.
答案：will go
2．I ____________(make) this radio work even if I have to stay up all night.
答案：will make
3．____________ everybody is here today，let’s begin our discussion.
答案：Since
4．____________ my grandmother is very old，she is leading an active life.
答案：Although
5．The girl didn’t go to school ____________ she had got a bad cold.
答案：because
教材与语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Kong Xiangdong lived with music from his birth，for his mother was a great music 1.____________(love)．His mother had no money 2.____________(buy) a piano，so she drew piano keys on a piece of paper for Kong to practise.Although 3.____________(tire) of it sometimes，Kong didn’t quit.Because 4.____________ his talent and hard work，he became world?famous and won many awards in 5.____________(compete).6.____________(feel)that he had lost his identity in some ways，he went back to rediscover the beauty in Chinese folk music and began 7.____________(experiment)different styles.His new experiment was 8.____________ important that he even changed his appearance.Last week，Kong surprised his fans by giving a concert combining classic music 9.____________ Chinese folk music.Kong is a pioneer in music today and his Dream Tour Concert 10.____________(expect)to run in some main cities in the world.
答案：1.lover 2.to buy 3.tired 4.of 5.competitions 6.Feeling 7.experimenting/to experiment 8.so 9.with
10．is expected
话题知识与写作
(Ⅰ)根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文。
1．刘先生是一位著名音乐家，他因为出色的表演而获得了很多奖。(performance；award)
2．每次举行音乐会，观众总被他优美的歌声迷住。(every time；be impressed by)
3．同时，他的作品对年轻的歌手产生了很大的影响。(have an effect on)
4．他对青年歌手很负责任，年轻歌手从他那里学到了很多东西。(responsible)
5．刘先生在中国音乐的发展中起着重要作用。(play a part in...)
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(Ⅱ)下面是李华的一篇作文，文中有五处错误，改正错误并背诵该文。
Mr.Liu is a famous musician，which has won a lot of awards for his outstanding performances.Every time the concert is held，the audience are impressed by his brilliant singing. At same time，his works has a great effect on young singers.He is very response for the young singers and they have learned a lot of from him. Mr.Liu is playing an important part in the development of Chinese music.
答案：
Mr.Liu is a famous musician， has won a lot of awards for his outstanding performances.Every time the concert is held，the audience are impressed by his brilliant singing. At same time，his works a great effect on young singers.He is very for the young singers and they have learned a lot from him. Mr.Liu is playing an important part in the development of Chinese music.
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必修2
Unit 5 Rhythm
BI XIU ER
》基础盘点自测自评
教材回顾·自主检测◆
考点串讲,重难突破
讲练结合·要点落实◆
Unit 5 Rhythm
课时练1 阅读理解提速练
[学生用书P253(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
(2019·安徽示范高中高三上学期考试)It may seem hard to leave Sydney’s attractions and sights, but when the urge arises to explore beyond the city, many exceptional day trips await travelers.
Scenic World
On a visit to the World Heritage－listed Blue Mountains, enjoy clean fresh air and breathtaking landscapes of ancient rainforests. Scenic World in Katoomba is the best way to access the beauty of this region. Besides climbing, you can choose cable cars, elevated boardwalks or the Scenic Railway—the world’s steepest railway travelling through a rock tunnel, to reach the mountain top.
Royal National Park
Established in 1879, the Royal National Park is the world’s third national park. Located an hour’s drive south of Sydney, the beaches are unspoilt, crowd－free and great for surfing or swimming. There’s dramatic scenery along the way with a range of unique heritage attractions. Bushwalking, boating, canoeing and fishing are also popular activities.
Featherdale Wildlife Park
Located 45 minutes drive west of Sydney, Featherdale has the world’s largest collection of Australian native birds, mammals(哺乳动物) and reptiles(爬行动物). Situated in a bushland environment, Featherdale provides a unique opportunity for up－close animal interactions(互动). Hand－feed a kangaroo, have breakfast with a koala and check out a huge variety of species including dingoes, emus, penguins and more.
The Hawkesbury River
Located an hour’s drive north－west of Sydney, the Hawkesbury River is one of New South Wales’ best－kept secrets. Experience what this picturesque region of waterways, farmland and national parks has to offer—from water skiing and bushwalking to horse riding, river cruises and retail therapy.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了悉尼的四个景点，包括景点的特色、位置及项目等。
1．What can you do when visiting Scenic World?
A．Ride horses.
B．Hand－feed a kangaroo.
C．Go surfing.
D．Climb mountains.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“Scenic World”定位至第二段，由该段尾句可知，除了攀岩，你还可以选择缆车、高架木板路或观光铁路到达山顶。据此可知，在Scenic World你可以通过各种途径爬山，故D项正确。
2．If you are an animal lover, you can go to________．
A．Scenic World
B．Royal National Park
C．The Hawkesbury River
D．Featherdale Wildlife Park
D 解析：推理判断题。根据Featherdale Wildife Park部分的内容尤其是“Featherdale provides a unique opportunity for up－close animal interactions(互动)”可知，如果你是动物爱好者，则Featherdale Wildlife Park是值得一游的地方，故D项正确。
3．What do Royal National Park and the Hawkesbury River have in common?
A．Both can be reached by cable cars.
B．Visitors can go swimming and fishing.
C．Bushwalking is available on the two trips.
D．Visitors can enjoy beautiful mountain scenery.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据Royal National Park部分的最后一句以及The Hawkesbury River部分的最后一句可知，皇家国家公园和Hawkesbury River的共同之处是都可以进行丛林徒步探险，故C项正确。
B
(2019·安徽示范高中高三上学期考试)Have you ever wondered when dogs first became “man’s best friend” and the world’s favourite pet? If you have, then you’re not alone. When and where dogs first began living side by side with humans are questions that have stirred hot debate among scientists. There are a few hard facts that all agree on. These include that dogs were once wolves and they were the first animal to be domesticated(驯养) by humans. They came into human lives some 15，000 years ago, before the dawn of agriculture.
Beyond that, there is little agreement. The earliest bones found that are unquestionable dogs’ and not wolves’ date from 14，000 years ago. However, 30，000－year－old skulls have been discovered in France and Belgium that are not pure wolves’ and some scientists think could be dogs’．
With such puzzling evidence, many scientists are now turning to DNA to find out when and where dogs were first domesticated. In one research project, tens of thousands of blood samples have been taken from street dogs around the world. The plan is to compare them with those of wolves. It’s even possible to analyse DNA from ancient bones. Tiny pieces of the 30，000－year－old skulls mentioned earlier are currently being studied, and another DNA study has already shown that ancient dogs preserved in the Alaskan ice fields evolved from Asian wolves, not American ones.
Indeed, the ancient DNA may turn out to be more informative than the DNA of living dogs. Because dogs have accompanied humans around the world for thousands of years, their current distribution may tell us very little of their origins. This is why different groups of scientists believe that dogs variously originated in eastern Asia, Mongolia, Siberia, Europe or Africa.
But why were the animals domesticated in the first place? The most recent theory is that dogs domesticated themselves, initially living in and around our ancient villages to eat any food thrown out. Today, this is a way of life still shared by three quarters of a billion unowned dogs worldwide.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，狗是从狼驯养而来的，早在一万五千年之前狗就进入了我们的生活。科学家通过分析DNA去查证狗最初是在何时何地被驯养的。
4．Which is the only statement generally agreed on by scientists studying dogs?
A．Dogs originally were used as farm animals.
B．Dogs evolved from wolves found in Europe.
C．Dogs helped the development of agriculture.
D．Dogs were the first animal to be kept as pets.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句，再结合倒数第二句可知，狗是第一种被人类驯养成宠物的动物，故D项正确。
5．Why does the writer first mention the 30，000－year－old animals’ skulls?
A．To show that dogs were much larger in the past.
B．To prove that dogs developed from Asian wolves.
C．To suggest that dogs may have evolved much earlier.
D．To argue that dogs were first kept in France and Belgium.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可知，在法国和比利时已经发现了3万年前的头骨，它们不完全是狼的，科学家认为有一些可能是狗的。据此可推知，该处提及三万年前的头骨旨在说明狗的进化历史更早，故C项正确。
6．How did scientists determine the origins of the ancient dogs found in Alaska?
A．By analyzing the age of their bones.
B．By examining the animals’ DNA.
C．By studying the shape of their skulls.
D．By comparing them with modern dogs.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段尾句中的“another DNA study has already shown that ancient dogs preserved in the Alaskan ice fields evolved from Asian wolves, not American ones”可知，科学家是通过检测DNA的方法来判断阿拉斯加狗的起源的，故B项正确。
7．Why did dogs start living with humans?
A．Because they were attracted by food.
B．Because they were trapped by humans.
C．Because they couldn’t survive in the wild.
D．Because they were trained to protect villages.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据尾段第二句可知，最近的一种说法是，狗是自己驯养自己的，最初生活在我们古老的村庄里或周围，吃人们扔掉的食物。据此可推知，狗和人生活在一起的原因是它们被食物所吸引，故A项正确。
C
(2019·安徽示范高中高三上学期考试)We’ve been covering standing desks for a long time now because experts agree that sitting all day is killing us. We want to be productive while also keeping our bodies healthy. Over the years, there have been several solutions to this from fixed standing desks to adjustable ones, portable desks to ones that change into shelves.
However, the most high－tech and elegant solution has to be this new smart desk called the Stir Kinetic Desk. The desk learns your daily behavior and moves between a sitting and standing height regularly throughout the day to keep you moving without interrupting your work flow.
You can program specific sitting and standing intervals or let the desk set the schedule. If you tend to sit while returning emails in the morning, but always want to stand during that afternoon conference call, the desk will learn those regular habits and adjust the schedule to fit them. Of course, the desk can always be manually lowered or raised by using the touchscreen on the lower left corner of the desk.
When switching positions, the desk gently dips and rises to let you know that a change is coming up. If you’re not ready to switch positions at that time, you can tap the touchscreen to stay sitting or standing for a while longer.
The built－in touchscreen also keeps track of your daily sitting and standing times and tells you how many calories you’ve burned. You can even set goals for how long or how often you want to stand. The desk also works with fitness devices like the Fitbit to track your movements.
All of that smart technology doesn’t come cheap though. The M1 desk, which is the everyday model, runs a steep $2，990, while the more executive model with added features, the F1, goes for $4，190.
While expensive, it’s worth that thinking of how much time we spend at our desks. Much like a good mattress(床垫), a good desk that works with you is worth the investment. Hopefully in a few years these smart, integrated desks will be more common and less expensive.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种新型智能办公桌：能根据人的习惯自动设定其坐着和站着时的不同高度。该产品虽然价格昂贵，但是值得购买。
8．The Stir Kinetic Desk has been designed to____________．
A．help users with their work
B．keep users moving all the time
C．get users to exercise while working
D．remind users of their working schedule
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，这种办公桌可以了解你的日常行为，每天有规律地在你坐着和站着时的高度之间调整，让你在不影响工作流程的情况下保持移动。据此可以判断，这种办公桌旨在让使用者在工作时得到锻炼，故C项正确。
9．Which is the feature of the touchscreen of the desk?
A．It can tell users when to change positions.
B．It can track users’ changes of positions.
C．It can keep users in a fixed position.
D．It can detect users’ health condition.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知，内置的触摸屏还可以了解你每天坐着和站着的时间，并告诉你燃烧了多少卡路里。据此可知，这种内置触摸屏跟踪使用者的姿势变化，故B项正确。
10．Which of the following can best describe the desk?
A．Productive but challenging.
B．Convenient but unaffordable.
C．Complex and impractical.
D．Multifunctional and intelligent.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，这种办公桌能了解你的行为习惯并以此来调整高低，且能告诉你燃烧了多少卡路里，并结合最后一段最后一句中的“these smart, integrated desks”可推知，这种办公桌是多功能的、智能的，故D项正确。
11．What does the author intend to tell us in the last paragraph?
A．To spend money on such a desk is rewarding.
B．We should get such a desk as soon as possible.
C．It won’t be long before the desk in widely used.
D．Desks play a very important role in our daily life.
A 解析：写作意图题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是第一句可知，尽管这种桌子很昂贵，但是考虑到我们使用桌子的时间，还是值得购买的。据此可以判断，作者在最后一段是想告诉读者，花钱买这种桌子是值得的，故A项正确。
D
(2019·绵阳高中第一次诊断性考试)We are what we eat. That is an old expression, but one worth knowing. A recent look at diets around the world shows that people who eat healthy food—and not too much of it—live longer. But which areas of the world have the best diets? Researchers found that foods in some of the healthiest diets—Mediterranean diet, New Nordic diet, Japanese diet and French diet—may be very different, but they are all heavy on local and seasonal foods, which include more vegetables and seafood and less red meat.
Mediterranean diet contains lots of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and olive oil. The diet has proper amounts of fish and poultry(家禽肉). Red meat and foods high in sugar and salt are not big parts of this diet.
New Nordic diet has whole grains like oats and rye, vegetables such as carrots, broccoli and eggs, seafood, fruits, oil, low－fat milk and cheese. Sugary desserts are not common in this diet.
Japanese people are some of the longest living people on the planet, with women up to 87 years old and men up to 80. The Japanese diet is the reason for such lengths of life. The diet has many foods that are low in calories and high in nutrients. Japanese people eat a lot of seaweed, tofu, rice, vegetables and fish. The tradition there is to stop eating when your stomach feels 80 percent full.
However, French people eat fatty foods but do not get fat. And they live a long time. This phenomenon is called the “French Paradox”. The reason why the French eat fatty foods without getting fat may be simple. They eat less. Serving sizes in French restaurants and of products sold in stores are smaller than those in most countries. And generally speaking, most French people do not snack. This means they do not eat food between meals.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了世界上四种最健康的饮食。
12．What do we know about the healthiest diets around the world?
A．They contain abundant calories.
B．They tend to be expensive.
C．They share certain similarities.
D．They reflect popular tastes.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“may be very different, but they are all heavy on local and seasonal foods, which include more vegetables and seafood and less red meat”可知，尽管有不同之处，但世界上最健康的饮食都使用很多当地的和时令的食物，包括更多的蔬菜和海鲜，更少的红肉。由此可知，世界上最健康的饮食有一定的相似之处，故选C项。
13．What is considered as a harmful eating habit in Japanese tradition?
A．Going low in calories.
B．Eating to the fullest.
C．Having much seafood.
D．Picking many foods.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The tradition there is to stop eating when your stomach feels 80 percent full”可知，日本的传统是吃八成饱。由此可推知，吃得很饱在日本被认为是不良的饮食习惯，故选B项。
14．How does the author develop the central idea in the last 4 paragraphs?
A．By building connections.
B．By exploring reasons.
C．By listing examples.
D．By analyzing figures.
C 解析：写作手法题。通读后四段可知，作者列举了这些健康饮食中的食物，故本文后四段是通过举例子的方式来说明中心观点的。
15．Which can be the most suitable title for the text?
A．What Is the Healthiest Diet on Earth?
B．How Does the Old Expression Serve?
C．Why Is a Healthy Diet so Important?
D．Where can We Feed Ourselves Well?
A 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了世界上四种最健康的饮食。故A项作为文章标题最合适。
七选五
(2019·东北三省四市教研联合体一模)
Does Your Mood Change with the Seasons?
Some people find that when the temperature goes down, so do their spirits. 1.________ They eat more and gain weight. They have trouble sleeping. They can’t think clearly.
Here are some ways you can beat the winter blues.
Get out in the sun. Some experts say that winter blues happen because we get less sunlight in the winter than we do in other seasons. Some say that the decrease in sunlight can make us feel sad. 2.________
Get some exercise. A walk or other exercise will make chemicals called endorphins(内啡肽) in your body. Endorphins are natural “feel good” chemicals.
3．________ Avoid having too much sugar. If you crave sugary foods(like cookies or candy), it may be a sign that you need more protein(蛋白质), like meat, eggs, or fish.
Get some rest. Avoid holiday stress. Cut back if you have too many things to do. Make sure you have some quiet time to yourself. 4.________ Studies show that most teens need about nine hours of sleep each night. The average teen, though, gets only about six or seven hours of sleep per night.
Get help. Be cautious if you feel sad all the time and the feeling won’t go away. 5.________ Talk to an adult who you trust or get help from a doctor.
A．Eat more healthful foods.
B．Choose different foods in season.
C．Don’t be so busy that you get run?down.
D．Those people sometimes feel sad for no reason.
E．You may have a bigger problem than the winter blues.
F．Getting extra sunlight each day can help brighten your mood.
G．A regular pattern of sleep is the most important thing to maintain.
【解题导语】 有些人的情绪会随着季节的变化而变化。本文主要介绍了五种克服冬季抑郁的方法。
1．D 解析：根据上文中的“Some people find that when the temperature goes down, so do their spirits.”可知，有的人当温度下降时，情绪也会低落，本段主要说明了这种现象，空后叙述了具体的表现。所以D项符合语境。
2．F 解析：根据第三段中的“Get out in the sun.”和“Some say that the decrease in sunlight can make us feel sad.”可知，F项符合语境。
3．A 解析：根据下文中的“Avoid having too much sugar. If you crave sugary foods...fish.”可知，本段说的是健康饮食。所以选A项。
4．C 解析：根据段首的“Get some rest.”可知，本段说的是要注意休息。故C项符合语境。
5．E 解析：根据上文中的“Be cautious if... go away.”和下文中的“Talk to an adult who you trust or get help from a doctor.”可知，空处前后在含义上存在轻微的递进关系，结合选项可知，E项“你可能有比冬季抑郁更严重的问题”能很好地起到过渡作用。故选E项。
课时练2 知识运用板块练
[学生用书P256(单独成册)]
完形填空
(2019·新疆维吾尔自治区适应性检测)A couple of years ago, there were billboards about the achievements of Boston Athletic Association. Beside the photos were some __1__ words, expressing the reasons for running. Each had different words, but one really __2__. It was simple：“Because I can.”
As kids, many tales told us about the spirit of determination, of believing in ourselves. As __3__， we don’t always have tales to teach us these valuable lessons. As a result, we start making __4__．“Because I can” removes these excuses. It gives us a lesson to do things that we think we __5__. And, it enables us to believe in ourselves.
Practicing “can” thinking is important to keeping us young, to having a(n) __6__ outlook, to staying active and to __7__ our goals. Further, it can help us __8__ richer and fuller lives. The fact that you have the ability to do something gives you the power to do it, __9__ the task might be. How can you use the power of “Because I can”？ Here are three ways：
Be more active. __10__ it is to get to the store or work, or if it is climbing the __11__ instead of taking the lift, holding a “Because I can” __12__ is an easy way to include more activities in your life. Break the “I’m tired” or “It is too hard” or “It is too far” cycle. Increasing your activity level will __13__ a lot of benefits.
Try something new. It is easy for us to make excuses for why we shouldn’t try new things. Maybe you think it is __14__ your comfort zone. Maybe it seems too difficult. Telling __15__ that “You can” try something new will help you to __16__ past these roadblocks and __17__ new things about yourself and possible new interests.
Increase your willpower. Saying “No” to our favorite things is not easy. __18__， developing strong willpower is something that is good for you. __19__ time you want to do something you think you might __20__， try telling yourself that you can say no. You have the power.
【解题导语】 本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了“Because I can”这句话的影响力以及我们该怎样利用它的力量。
1．A.disappointing B．puzzling
C．satisfying D．encouraging
D 解析：根据下文的“Because I can.”可知，照片旁边是一些鼓舞人心的话。disappointing“令人失望的”；puzzling“令人迷惑的”；satisfying“令人满意的”。
2．A.stood out B．turned out
C．held out D．picked out
A 解析：但是有一句话真得很显眼。stand out“突出，显眼”；turn out“结果是，证明是”；hold out“伸出，坚持”；pick out“挑出，挑选”。
3．A.teachers B．runners
C．adults D．audience
C 解析：作为孩子，很多故事告诉我们坚定和相信自己的决心。作为成年人，我们却并不总是有教给我们这些宝贵教训的故事。空处与上文的kids形成对比，故选adults。audience“观众，听众”。
4．A.differences B．excuses
C．adjustments D．preparations
B 解析：根据空后的“‘Because I can’ removes these excuses.”以及第五段第二句中的“make excuses”可知，结果我们开始编一些借口。make a difference“有作用，有影响”；make adjustment“做出调整”；make preparations“做准备工作”。
5．A.can’t B．mustn’t
C．shouldn’t D．needn’t
A 解析：本句表示：它(“Because I can”这句话)给了我们一个教训，让我们去做我们认为做不了的事情。故选A。
6．A.sensitive B．positive
C．imaginative D．objective
B 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示“积极”的人生观。此处表示：练习“能够”思维对于使我们保持年轻、拥有积极的人生观、保持积极向上和实现我们的目标都是重要的。sensitive“敏感的”；imaginative“富有想象力的”；objective“客观的”。
7．A.developing B．making
C．setting D．reaching
D 解析：参见上题解析。develop“开发，发展”；make“制订”；set“确定，确立”。
8．A.arrange B．build
C．lead D．change
C 解析：更进一步，它能帮助我们过更丰富、更充实的生活。lead/live a．..life或者lead/live...lives是固定搭配，意为“过着……的生活”。
9．A.whichever B．whenever
C．wherever D．whatever
D 解析：你有能力做某件事情的事实会给你去做这件事的力量，不管这件事情可能是什么。分析句子结构可知，此处应用whatever引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么，不管什么”。whichever“无论哪一个”；whenever“无论何时”；wherever“无论在哪里”。
10．A.Whether B．If
C．Though D．Since
A 解析：根据空后的“or if it is climbing the ______ instead of taking the lift”可知，本处考查whether...or...，意为“无论是……还是……”，故选A。
11．A.wall B．stairs
C．ladder D．hill
B 解析：根据下文的“taking the lift”可知，此处应为“爬楼梯”，故选B。
12．A.motto B．activity
C．attitude D．position
C 解析：保持一个“Because I can”的态度是一种很容易在生活中参与更多活动的方法。motto“格言，箴言”；activity“活动”；attitude“态度”；position“职位，位置”。
13．A.preserve B．provide
C．possess D．protect
B 解析：增加你的活动水平将提供很多的好处。故选provide。preserve“保护，保存”；possess“拥有”；protect“保护”。
14．A.beside B．without
C．beyond D．within
C 解析：根据上下文可知，也许你认为尝试新事物超出了你的舒适区。beyond“超越，超出”，符合语境。
15．A.him B．himself
C．you D．yourself
D 解析：根据下文中的“‘You can’ try something new will help you to...about yourself and possible new interests”可知，此处是指“告诉你自己”。故选D。
16．A.move B．jump
C．overcome D．defeat
A 解析：move past these roadblocks“通过这些路障”。move在此处为不及物动词，后面跟past表示“通过”；jump“跳，跳跃”，不符合语境；overcome“克服，战胜”，是及物动词，后不跟介词past；defeat“打败”，也是及物动词。
17．A.consult B．inform
C．discover D．experience
C 解析：本句意为：告诉你自己“你可以”尝试一些新的事情将帮助你通过这些路障，并且发现新的自己和可能产生的新兴趣。consult“咨询，请教”；inform“通知，告知”；experience“经历，体验”。
18．A.Moreover B．However
C．Therefore D．Otherwise
B 解析：根据语境可知，此处与上文是转折关系。虽然对我们最喜欢的事情说“不”是不容易的，但是，培养坚强的意志力对你是有好处的。Moreover“而且”；Therefore“因此，所以”；Otherwise“否则”。
19．A.Every B．Each
C．Last D．Next
D 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示：下一次你想做你认为可能会后悔的事情时，尝试着告诉自己你可以说不。你有这样的能力。故选D。
20．A.regret B．request
C．recommend D．remind
A 解析：参见上题解析。regret“后悔”；request“要求”；recommend“推荐，建议”；remind“提醒，让(某人)想起(必须做的事)”。
语法填空
(2019·新疆维吾尔自治区适应性检测)A report says about fifty million to seventy million Americans have sleep problems. It says many more are suffering from lack of sleep.
A study has examined 1.____________ we need sleep and the effects of sleep loss. The study shows American businesses lose millions of dollars a year because of tired workers. Some 2.____________(employ) are too tired to report for work. They have more accidents or are 3.____________(little) productive at work. Other costs include increased visits 4.__________ doctors.
The study finds that 20% of injuries 5.____________(cause) by car accidents are linked to sleepy drivers. Other studies have linked poor sleep to a risk of health problems like heart disease, depression and 6.____________(healthy) amounts of body fat. Researchers say the reason for this link is unclear.
Many experts say 7.____________ large amount of sleep is as important to health as diet and exercise. They say most people need seven to nine hours of sleep each night. Less than that can influence 8.____________ mental and physical abilities. It can lead to more serious problems, including severe sleeplessness. People with this condition temporarily stop 9.____________(breathe) while they sleep.
Researchers suggest the public 10.____________(inform) of the problem and take steps to prevent sleep disorders.
【解题导语】 充足的睡眠同饮食和健康一样重要。本文主要介绍了睡眠不足造成的影响及研究人员建议公众采取措施解决睡眠不足这一问题。
1．why 解析：考查宾语从句。一项研究分析了为什么我们需要睡眠以及缺乏睡眠的影响。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句且从句中缺少原因状语，故填why。
2．employees 解析：考查名词。根据空前的Some可知，空处应用名词复数。some employees“一些员工”。employee“雇员，雇工”；employer“雇主，老板”。根据语境可知，空处应填employees。
3．less 解析：考查形容词的比较级。工作中，睡眠不足的雇员会遇到更多的事故且效率较低。根据空前的more可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。
4．to 解析：考查介词。空前的visits为名词复数，其后常用介词to。
5．caused 解析：考查非谓语动词。cause和它所修饰的名词injuries之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处表示“由汽车事故造成的伤害”，故用caused作后置定语。
6．unhealthy 解析：考查形容词。其他研究已经把睡眠质量差与患心脏病、抑郁和不健康的体内脂肪含量等这样的健康问题的风险联系了起来。空处修饰名词amounts且和depression意义相近，故填unhealthy。
7．a 解析：考查冠词。a large amount of是固定搭配，意为“大量，许多”，用来修饰不可数名词。
8．both/their 解析：考查代词。少于这个时间会影响身心能力。both与后面的and构成固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”。或结合上文中的“most people”可知，此处也可用their修饰后面的名词abilities，表示“他们的身心能力”。
9．breathing 解析：考查非谓语动词。stop doing sth.“停止做某事”，为固定用法。故填breathing。
10．(should) be informed 解析：考查虚拟语气和语态。suggest表示“建议”，后跟宾语从句时从句中要用虚拟语气，即从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，且should可以省略。另外，the public与动词inform之间是被动关系，故用其被动形式，因此填(should) be informed。
课时练3 语法写作增分练
[学生用书P257(单独成册)]
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2019·湖南长沙四校模拟)A recent study shows that most adults did household chores 61.____________(active) when they were young. Most kids today do not do as many household chores as before, 62.____________ same study shows.
An expert said, “Parents today want their kids to spend more time 63.____________ things that can bring them money and honour. They have stopped 64.____________(do) the one thing that has proven to bring success. That is doing household chores.”
Another study finds that compared with the kids 65.____________ didn’t do household chores, young adults beginning chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely 66.____________(succeed). They had better family relationships, did better in school, performed better at work and were more independent.
Personal happiness 67.____________(say) to come from strong relationships. It begins by learning to be kind and 68.____________(help) to their parents at home.
If your kids say they have to skip chores because it’s time they 69.____________(deal) with their homework, you’d better not let them off the hook. If you do, your child may think grades are more important than caring about others. “What may seem like small 70.____________(message) at the moment add up to big ones over time，” says an expert.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，现在的大部分成年人小时候都做过家务，而现在的大部分孩子不像以前的孩子那样做很多家务了。
61．actively 解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词，故要用副词形式actively。
62．the 解析：考查冠词。此处的“study”就是上文提到的那个“study”，故用定冠词the表示特指。
63．on 解析：考查介词。根据固定搭配spend sth. on sth.可知，此处填介词on。
64．doing 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，这里说的是“停止做某事”，而不是“停下来做某事”，故用stop doing sth.搭配。
65．who/that 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导定语从句，先行词为kids，关系代词在从句中作主语，因此本空填who/that。
66．to succeed 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是be likely to do sth.句型，故填不定式。
67．is said 解析：考查时态和语态。本句含有“be said＋动词不定式”结构，且这里说的是现在的一般情况，主语为Personal happiness，因此填is said。
68．helpful 解析：考查形容词。本空应填形容词helpful与kind并列作表语。
69．dealt/should deal 解析：考查虚拟语气。It’s time (that)．..句型中，that从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用一般过去时或should＋do，其中should不可以省略。
70．messages 解析：考查名词复数。message是可数名词，其前没有冠词，故要用其复数形式。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2019·江西赣中南五校联考)
Dear Peter，
I’m very glad to receive your e?mail asking for information about the host family we have arranged you to stay with.
Locating in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood，the house was big enough to enable you to have a room of your own.Apart from the convenient public transportation，our private car will make your visit easy.Because all the family members can speak fluently English and have outgoing personalities，I’m sure you will have no trouble communicate with them.Above all，they hosted the American student last year，through that they gained lots of experience.In addition to，the hostess cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.
Hope you enjoy your stay there.
Yours，
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Peter，
I’m very glad to receive your e?mail asking for information about the host family we have arranged you to stay with.
in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood，the house big enough to enable you to have a room of your own. Apart from the convenient public transportation， private car will make your visit easy. Because all the family members can speak English and have outgoing personalities，I’m sure you will have no trouble with them. Above all，they hosted American student last year，through they gained lots of experience. In addition ，the cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.
Hope you enjoy your stay there.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
(2019·安徽知名高中联合质检)假设你是李华，你的美国笔友 Kate 即将完成学业，不久前给你发邮件就是否到中国工作询问你的意见，请根据以下提示回一封电子邮件：
1．建议她可以来中国；
2．阐述你的理由；
3．承诺可提供帮助。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．文章开头和结尾已给出， 不计入总词数；
3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Kate,
I’m glad to have received the letter you sent me last week._________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear_Kate，
I’m_glad_to_have_received_the_letter_you_sent_me_last_week.I have been thinking about the question you asked me. From my point of view, you can choose to come to China after finishing your studies.
For one reason, China’s development over the past 30 years offers quantities of job opportunities for the young. What’s more, what you are studying is badly needed in China nowadays. In fact, many big companies in my city are hoping to hire people like you. For another reason, China is a country with such different cultures and traditions from the past that many foreigners enjoy living and working here. Why not come and join them? I’m sure you’ll adapt to the environment quickly. If you come, I will do what I can to help you. So what are you waiting for?
Best_wishes!
Yours，
Li_Hua
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