Unit 8 Adventure
[学生用书P60]
单句语法填空
1．It is reported that a large quantity of money ____________(waste) on the project.
答案：has been wasted
2．The young man jumped into the river，risking ____________(lose) his own life.
答案：losing
3．The manager was ____________(extreme) angry and left the meeting room without saying a word.
答案：extremely
4．Most of us could hardly contain our ____________(excite) when hearing that our team won.
答案：excitement
5．I saw some students fighting on the playground，some of ____________ were girls.
答案：whom
6．The ____________(similar) between the two stories suggests Lowry wrote them both.
答案：similarity
7．We should put away our ____________(differ) and work together for our common goal.
答案：differences
8．Being a foreigner，he had some difficulty ____________(communicate) with the local people.
答案：communicating
9．The speaker was too excited ____________(get) across to most of the listeners present at the meeting.
答案：to get
10．When we hurried to the airport，the plane to Hong Kong had taken ____________．
答案：off
单句改错
1．The pen must have run out ink. Could you lend me yours？____________________
答案：out后加of
2．As a matter of fact，there is a limit on what one can tolerate. ____________________
答案：on→to
3．I can’t imagine what difficulty the woman had brought up her children.____________________
答案：brought→bringing
4．Large quantities of milk has gone bad because of the hot weather.____________________
答案：has→have
5．Aiming at attracting more people, the ceremony was very popular. ____________________
答案：Aiming→Aimed
单元语法——状态动词和动作动词；定语从句(Ⅲ)
单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ____________ is not good for the health.
答案：which
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)The theater audience said good?bye as Bradford ____________(lock) the doors for the last time.
答案：locked
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I just want to see the ticket ____________(go) to good use and for someone to experience a lot of joy.
答案：go
4．One day a few weeks ago he was unexpectedly found sit in a village house.____________________
答案：sit→sitting
5．She smells a smell of the food and found it very unpleasant. ____________________
答案：smells→smelled
6．I have many books，most of that are very interesting and instructive. ____________________
答案：that→which
7．All the neighbors admire this family，which the parents treat their child like a friend.____________________
答案：which→where
8．We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people，most of who are healthy. ____________________
答案：who→whom
教材与语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Marco Polo and his father arrived in Beijing because his father wanted to trade 1.____________ the Chinese.That was a time 2.____________ China was ruled by the Yuan Dynasty Emperor Kublai Khan.Kublai Khan was pleased 3.____________(meet) the two foreigners，for he was eager to learn more about Europe then.The Emperor 4.____________(impress) by the young man who could speak four languages and made friends with him.In China there were many things which made Marco Polo 5.____________(amaze), such as the Summer Palace and coal.6.____________ also surprised Marco Polo was that Chinese people used paper money to pay for food and 7.____________(value) things.In 1291 Marco Polo returned to Italy.Later a war broke 8.____________ and he was caught by the enemy and put into prison，where he met another 9.____________(prison)．The prisoner wrote a book 10.____________(call) The Description of the World according to Marco’s stories in China.
答案：1.with 2.when 3.to meet 4.was impressed
5．amazed 6.What 7.valuable 8.out 9.prisoner 10.called
话题知识与写作
(Ⅰ)根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文。
1．史密斯先生开车去伦敦上班途中汽车出了故障。(break down)
2．于是他打电话给汽车修理厂，维护工很快就来了。(turn up)
3．10分钟后，他的车被修好了。(repair)
4．为了弥补落下的时间，他飞快行驶。(in order to )
5．不幸的是，后来他车里的油用光了，没能按时到达伦敦。(run out)
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(Ⅱ)下面是李华的一篇作文，文中有五处错误，改正错误并背诵该文。
Mr.Smith was driving a car to London to go to work as his car broke down.So，he telephoned a garage and soon a repairman turned in.Ten minutes late his car was repaired.He began to drive faster in order to make up the lost time.Unfortunate, the oil in the tank ran out, so he failed to reach London on time.
答案：
Mr.Smith was driving a car to London to go to work his car broke down.So，he telephoned a garage and soon a repairman turned .Ten minutes his car was repaired.He began to drive faster in order to make up the lost time.， the oil in the tank ran out, so he failed to reach London on time.
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4
遵守
观察
庆祝
注意到
(机器)出故障
(身体)垮掉
分解
消除
失控
必修3
BI XIU SAN
Unit8 Adventure
》基础盘点自测自评
教材回顾·自主检测◆
考点串讲,重难突破
讲练结合·要点落实◆
Unit 8 Adventure
课时练1 阅读理解提速练
[学生用书P268(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
(2019·福州毕业班适应性练习)Known as “The Man with the Golden Arm”，nearly every week for the past 60 years，James Harrison has donated blood plasma(血浆) from his right arm. The reasons can date back to a serious medical procedure.
“When I was 14，I had a chest operation，”recalls Harrison，who is now aged 80.“My father said I had received 13 units of blood and my life had been saved by unknown people. So I said when I’m old enough，I’ll become a blood donor.”
Soon after Harrison became a donor，doctors called him in. His blood，they said，could be the answer to a deadly problem.
“In Australia，up until about 1967，there were about thousands of babies dying each year because of the rhesus disease(恒河猴溶血病)，”explains Jemma Falkenmire，of the Australian Red Cross Blood Service.
Harrison was discovered to have an unusual antibody(抗体) in his blood and in the 1960s he worked with doctors to use the antibodies to develop an injection(注射)called Anti?D which can prevent this disease.
Harrison’s blood is precious. Every batch of Anti?D that has ever been made in Australia has come from Harrison’s blood. He and Anti?D are credited with saving the lives of more than 2 million babies，according to the Australian Red Cross Blood Service：That’s about 2 million lives saved by one man’s blood.
Harrison is considered a national hero，and has won numerous awards. He has now donated his plasma more than 1，000 times，but no matter how many times he’s given blood there’s one thing that will never change：“I look at the ceiling or the nurses，maybe talk to them a bit, but never once have I watched the needle go in my arm. I can’t stand the sight of blood，and I can’t stand pain，”he says.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了James Harrison用自己的血液挽救了超过两百万名婴儿生命的故事。
1．What was the main reason for Harrison’s becoming a blood donor?
A．He has a golden arm.
B．He has precious blood plasma.
C．His father encouraged him to help others.
D．Donated blood once made him survive.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“My father said I had received 13 units of blood and my life had been saved by unknown people. So I said when I’m old enough，I’ll become a blood donor.”可知，Harrison知道他的生命是被不相识的人救的，所以长大后要做一个献血者。故D项正确。
2．Why is James’ blood precious?
A．James has the Anti?D in his blood.
B．His blood is more useful in treating the rhesus disease.
C．James’ blood is the main source of Anti?D in Australia.
D．James has donated more plasma than other donators.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第六段第一、二句可知，Harrison的血液宝贵的原因是他的血液是澳大利亚Anti?D的主要来源，故C项正确。
3．How does Harrison feel when donating his plasma?
A．Nervous. B．Relaxed.
C．Anxious. D．Excited.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I look at the ceiling or the nurses，maybe talk to them a bit, but never once have I watched the needle go in my arm.”可知，在献血时他看着天花板或者护士，也许跟护士聊一聊，但从来不看针扎进手臂。据此可以判断，他在献血时很紧张，故A项正确。
B
(2019·广州调研测试)Petrol and diesel cars may still dominate our roads，but their days are numbered. A recent university study found that current electric cars could be used for 87 per cent of daily car journeys in the U．S. That figure could rise to 98 per cent by 2020.
One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been “range anxiety”—drivers’ concerns about running out of juice on a journey. While petrol stations are conveniently located across national road systems，the necessary network of electric charging stations is still being developed. That said，charging points are becoming increasingly common throughout the U．S.A.
Attitudes towards electric vehicles have changed quite considerably over the last few years. Not that long ago，electric cars were met with distrust，and their large price tags drove customers away. Thanks to improvements in battery capacity，recharging times，performance and price，the current generation of electric cars is starting to persuade critics. Plug?in cars will soon give internal combustion engine models a run for their money.
As well as advancements on the road，electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies. Electric boats are among the oldest methods of electric travel，having enjoyed several decades of popularity from the late 19th to the early 20th century before petrol?powered outboard motors took over. Now，the global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric boats back. Steps towards electric air travel are also being made，with Airbus and NASA among the organizations developing and testing battery powered planes. The experiments could soon make commercial electric flight a reality.
Electric vehicles do not produce any emissions. Were the U．S. to act on the study’s findings and replace 87 per cent of its cars with electric vehicles，it would reduce the national demand for petrol by 61 per cent. However，because of the production processes and the generation of electricity required to charge these vehicles，they cannot claim to be completely emission?free. That said，as many countries continue to increase their use of renewable energy sources，electric vehicles will become even cleaner.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汽油车和柴油车将逐步被电动汽车代替以及电动交通工具在未来的发展。
4．Which is the best title for this passage?
A．My Dream Car
B．History of Electric Cars
C．Problems with Petrol Cars
D．Driving into the Future
D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了汽油车和柴油车将逐步被电动汽车代替以及电动交通工具在未来的发展。D项“驶向未来”形象地概括了文章的主旨，故选D项。
5．As used in Paragraph 2，the underlined word “hurdle” means“________”．
A．aim B．barrier
C．consequence D．step
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“drivers’ concerns about running out of juice on a journey”可知，司机担心在路上没电的问题。因此，这是电动汽车普及的一个障碍，故选B项。
6．In the past，why did many people refuse to buy the electric cars?
A．They were not good value.
B．They were very poorly made.
C．They were not widely promoted.
D．They couldn’t travel at a high speed.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Not that long ago，electric cars were met with distrust，and their large price tags drove customers away.”可知，人们是被当时这种电动汽车的价格吓跑的；根据该段中的“Thanks to...to persuade critics.”可知，随着电池容量、可充电次数的增加、汽车性能的改善和价格的优化，这一代电动汽车已经开始吸引消费者购买了。这说明以前的电动汽车在各方面还不够完善，人们认为不值那个价钱。故选A项。
7．What is the function of Paragraph 4?
A．To introduce the history of electric travel.
B．To explain why the world needs more electric cars.
C．To show why more people have interest in electric cars.
D．To describe different ways electric vehicles can be used.
D 解析：段落大意题。根据第四段中的“electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies”可知，除了在公路上，其他地方也可以使用电动交通工具。故选D项。
C
(2019·洛阳尖子生联考)I love to read before I go to sleep. It usually makes me feel calm. But a big part of this depends on what I read. I love to read The Broons and Oor Wullie. Very often I’m smiling before I go to sleep.
I decide to write about this in a blog because I find that so many of us go to sleep with stress. Before we go to sleep, we may run over the day in our minds, and worry about tomorrow. We also may watch the news on TV, read the news on our smart phones or tablets, or even answer work emails. But the news is rarely proclaiming(宣告) all the good that’s happening in the world and work emails make us feel that we’re still at work. All these things may leave us a stressful sleep.
The Broons and Oor Wullie is not the only thing I ever read at night. I sometimes read novels but, with the odd exception, I mostly avoid anything that is too mentally taxing or stimulating late at night unless it’s something that inspires me or is clearly helpful in my life.
And even if I do read something mentally stimulating, when I feel myself getting tired I lay that book down and pick up a trusty old The Broons and Oor Wullie for the last 10 or 15 minutes. Doing this makes my mind quiet and helps ensure I get a peaceful night’s sleep. Reading about Wullie or Maw and Paw Broon is like a comfort blanket for me.
I’d suggest you find light?hearted reading as a comfort blanket at bedtime, especially if you find yourself stressed or depressed a lot of the time, or if you find difficulty winding at the end of a day. It is the thing that can gently turn your attention towards lightness and ease.
If your material makes you laugh, then you may feel even better. Several studies show that laughter boosts happy chemicals in the brain and strengthens the immune system. Laughter is good for the heart, and it is most definitely good for mental health. It even helps us improve our relationships.
And if you do happen to pick up a copy of The Broons and Oor Wullie, I hope you find it just as entertaining as I do.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过叙述自己睡前的一些阅读习惯，告诉人们如何减少睡前的压力以及睡前保持好心情的重要性。
8．What can we learn about The Broons and Oor Wullie?
A．It makes people run over the past days.
B．It is the best book to be read before people sleep.
C．It is extremely popular with young people.
D．It makes people feel relaxed and happy.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I love to read The Broons and Oor Wullie. Very often I’m smiling before I go to sleep.”可知The Broons and Oor Wullie这本书会使人们感到放松和快乐。
9．What can we know from the text?
A．The Broons and Oor Wullie is the author’s favorite book.
B．A comfortable blanket makes people go to sleep easily.
C．The author sometimes reads something about inspirations.
D．Reading something stimulating at night helps get a peaceful sleep.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句中的“I mostly avoid anything that is too mentally taxing or stimulating late at night unless it’s something that inspires me or is clearly helpful in my life”可推知，作者有时候会阅读一些鼓舞人心的书。
10．What is Paragraph 6 mainly about?
A．What material brings us laughter.
B．How laughter affects our health.
C．What benefits laughter brings to us.
D．Why laughter is good for us.
C 解析：段落大意题。根据第六段第一句“If your material makes you laugh, then you may feel even better.”及该段的描述可知，该段的主题是笑带给我们的好处。
11．What’s the main purpose of the text?
A．To show the importance of reading before sleeping.
B．To prove the importance of a good mood before sleeping.
C．To tell us how to make ourselves stay relaxed before sleeping.
D．To explain how to choose a book worthy to be read before sleeping.
B 解析：写作意图题。根据第一段中的“I love to read before I go to sleep. It usually makes me feel calm.”及第四段第二句“Doing this makes my mind quiet and helps ensure I get a peaceful night’s sleep.”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是证明睡前有一个好心情的重要性。
D
(2019·合肥质检)Cycling is well known to improve individual health and fitness; it also benefits the wider population in terms of economy, transport and environment. The E．U. promotes cycling via many measures primarily to achieve sustainable(可持续的) clean and energy?efficient transport systems. However, despite the fact that the benefits outweigh the risks by 20∶1, many consider the risks too great and that the fear of danger on the road needs to be handled. Cycle lanes(车道) have been used to improve cyclists’ safety and encourage more cyclists onto the road. This research in transport aims to study the effect of cycle lanes on cyclists’ safety where passing space given by overtaking(超车) vehicles is concerned.
In this study, the authors used a bicycle equipped with cameras to record vehicle overtaking in varying road situations to determine whether cycle lanes, color block cycle lanes or no cycle lanes affect passing distances and cyclists’ safety. Their 3 comparisons measuring vehicle passing widths found greater overall distances given with a cycle lane than without. Color block vs. uncolored cycle lanes showed little or no difference, as did no cycle lanes vs. color block cycle lanes. Color block lanes had a slight negative effect suggesting that drivers are more careful when cycle lanes have less definition(清晰度)．
Interestingly, the authors conclude that other factors have a far greater effect on cyclists’ safety than presence or absence of cycle lanes. Road width, parking, opposite vehicle flow and speed were key influences on decreased passing widths. The authors also note that driver behaviour is a hugely important factor and urge more research in this area.“In order to reduce risks and encourage more cycling, reducing and calming the existing motorised traffic must be explored first.” They suggest，“Lane width is the most significant variable(变量) to achieve a sufficient vehicle passing distance. The narrow cycle lanes (<2m) may be not enough. Reconsideration of the entire road design and further exploration of driver behavioural factors are required.”
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了为了实现可持续的清洁和节能的交通系统，欧盟大力推广使用自行车，并指出在自行车的推广过程中要解决安全的问题。
12．What is the main purpose of the E．U.’s promoting cycling?
A．To reduce air pollution.
B．To build better transport systems.
C．To improve people’s health.
D．To help people save money on transport.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The E．U. promotes cycling via many measures primarily to achieve sustainable(可持续的) clean and energy?efficient transport systems.”可知，欧盟通过多种途径推广使用自行车主要是为了建立可持续的清洁和节能的交通系统，故B项正确。
13．According to the study, color block lanes may________．
A．make drivers a bit careless
B．cause no overtaking
C．get cyclists to feel safer
D．lead to greater passing distances
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Color block lanes had a slight negative effect suggesting that drivers are more careful when cycle lanes have less definition(清晰度)．”可知，彩色车道有轻微的负面效应，当自行车车道清晰度较低时驾驶员要更小心。据此可以判断，彩色车道会使驾驶员变得粗心，故A项正确。
14．In the researchers’ eyes, the first step to encourage more cycling is to________．
A．redesign and rebuild the roads in a city
B．do more research in public bicycle programs
C．restrict the number of vehicles running on the road
D．make strict traffic rules to control driver behaviour
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In order to reduce risks and encourage more cycling, reducing and calming the existing motorised traffic must be explored first.”可知，为了降低风险，鼓励更多地使用自行车，首先要减少现有的机动车辆，即控制路上的机动车的数量，故C项正确。
15．The authors of the research think that drivers’ behaviour________．
A．needs further exploration
B．is an unimportant factor
C．makes cycle lanes narrower
D．is the most significant variable
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Reconsideration of the entire road design and further exploration of driver behavioural factors are required”可知，需要对驾驶员的行为因素做进一步探索，故A项正确。
七选五
(2019·兰州高三诊断)What is friendship? The answers may be different. 1.________. We cannot live without friendship just as we cannot live without air and water. Friendship gives us a feeling of safety and warmth, and friendship encourages us to go ahead all the time.
2．________. When we feel happy, we can share our happiness with friends. When we feel down, friends will comfort us. If we are overconfident, our friends can persuade us, and they can make us confident and brave when we are discouraged.
Friendship is valuable. It can touch your heart and give you hope. Many people are proud of having a good friend. 3.________. If you help your friends for no reason but simply because they are your friends, this means that you regard your friends as yourself. This is true friendship.
In fact, friendship isn’t always easily kept. 4.________， you should treat him or her like you want to be treated. Keep the secrets that your friend tells you. Keep your promise with your friend. Share things with your friend. Stick up for your friend. We should try our best to protect the friendship from being hurt. As an old saying goes，“Friendship cannot stand always on one side.” True friendship should be able to stand all kinds of tests.
Because of friendship, our lives are full of happiness. Therefore, the more friends we have, the more pleasure we can share with them. Let’s say “Thank you” to our friends for their love and care. 5.________， never forget to keep the beautiful friendship!
A．When you want to keep a friend
B．If not, their friendship still cannot last long
C．No matter where we go or who we become
D．Everyone needs friends and is eager to get friendship
E．True friendship must be sincere and must not have conditions
F．But one thing is clear that friendship is the most important thing in our life
G．Sometimes people have good friends when they are young and studying in school
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是友谊以及友谊的特点。
1．F 解析：上文提到“友谊是什么？答案可能是不同的”，F项“但是有一点很清楚，友谊是我们生活中最重要的东西”与上文形成转折关系，再联系下文可知，应选F。
2．D 解析：D项“每个人都需要朋友，渴望得到友谊”是对下文“当我们感到快乐时，我们可以与朋友分享我们的幸福；当我们感到沮丧时，朋友会安慰我们……”的具体描述，故选D。
3．E 解析：E项中的“True friendship”与下文中的“true friendship”相照应，故选E。
4．A 解析：下文说你应该像希望自己被对待的那样对待他或她，A项“当你想留住朋友的时候”与下文形成条件关系，故选A。
5．C 解析：下文说“永远不要忘记保持美丽的友谊”，C项“无论我们走到哪里，无论我们成为谁”与之衔接紧密，故选C。
课时练2 知识运用板块练
[学生用书P271(单独成册)]
完形填空
(2019·成都第一次诊断性检测)When Heather McHugh, a poet, won a $500，000 “genius grant” from the MacArthur Foundation, she didn’t buy a luxurious car or fly to Paris. __1__， she put the money in the bank and __2__ writing poems.
In 2011, she finally__3__ what to do with it. That year, Heather’s godson and his wife __4__ their first child, a beautiful baby girl but severely disabled.“I saw how people’s __5__ can change overnight. I started thinking about people in a __6__ situation，” says Heather.
She __7__ there were millions of caregivers taking care of the chronically(慢性地) ill or disabled. So in 2012, Heather __8__ a nonprofit organization offering a seven?day vacation, with all __9__ paid, to people who have been caregivers for at least ten years.
Tricia was one of the first caregivers to go on vacation. When Tricia got a call saying she was offered a __10__ vacation, she couldn’t __11__ it; disbelief even __12__ her concern about leaving her two kids.
Tricia went, and her favorite parts of the trip were to enjoy the __13__ things.“I got to eat hot food hot and cold food cold. I could go to bed when I wanted to and wake up whenever I chose to，” says Tricia. She was afraid the __14__ would return when the __15__ was over, but to her surprise, it hasn’t been back since.
Heather says Tricia’s __16__ resembles those of the other ten caregivers she helps every year.“Before the vacation they are so __17__，but the __18__ is so amazing. They reflect and relax. It feels __19__ like another world and gives them a chance to see their lives from another __20__，” she adds.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。Heather McHugh利用自己的五十万美元奖金建立非营利组织，为照顾慢性病患者和残疾人的护理员提供免费休假，让他们到新的环境中，从不一样的角度来看待他们的人生。
1．A.However B．Therefore
C．Instead D．Besides
C 解析：根据空处前一句中的“she didn’t buy a luxurious car or fly to Paris”可知，在获得了五十万美元的奖金后，她并没有购买汽车或去旅游；结合该句中的“she put the money in the bank”可知，反而，她将这些钱存入银行。C项意为“而是，反而”，符合语境。however“然而”；therefore“因此”；besides“此外”。
2．A.continued B．quitted
C．practiced D．started
A 解析：根据前一句中的“a poet”，结合该句中的“she put the money in the bank and________ writing poems”可知，她(这位诗人)获奖后，将奖金存进银行，继续(continued)写诗。quit“停止”；practice“实践，训练”。
3．A.thought over B．wondered
C．talked about D．decided
D 解析：根据下文中的“Heather ________a nonprofit organization offering a seven?day vacation”可知，此处表示在2011年，她终于决定如何使用这笔钱。think over“仔细考虑”；wonder“想知道，好奇”；talk about“谈到，谈论”；decide“决定”符合语境。
4．A.held B．welcomed
C．lost D．saved
B 解析：Heather的教子和他的妻子迎来了他们的第一个孩子，那是一个漂亮的女婴，但是有严重的残疾。hold意为“握着，举行”；lose意为“失去”；save意为“拯救，节约”；welcome“迎接”符合语境。
5．A.feelings B．future
C．lives D．routine
C 解析：根据语境，并结合上文中提到的Heather的教子和他的妻子生下了一个残疾的女婴可知，Heather看到了人的生活(lives)是如何在一夜之间发生改变的。routine“惯例，常规”。
6．A.different B．similar
C．worse D．better
B 解析：根据上文提到的Heather的教子和他的妻子生下了一个残疾女婴并且Heather看到了人的生活是如何在一夜之间发生改变的可知，Heather开始关注那些有相似(similar)境遇的人。
7．A.discovered B．claimed
C．admitted D．felt
A 解析：她发现有数百万照顾慢性病患者和残疾人的护理员。claim“宣称；断言”；admit“承认”；discover“发现”。
8．A.donated B．found
C．visited D．formed
D 解析：因此Heather在2012年建立了一个非营利组织，为那些成为护理员至少十年的人提供七天免费休假。form“建立，组成”符合语境。donate“捐赠”；find“发现”；visit“参观”。
9．A.taxes B．salary
C．expenses D．rent
C 解析：参见上题解析。tax“税”；salary“薪水”；rent“租金”；expense“花费”符合语境。
10．A.free B．caring
C．short D．long
A 解析：由前文可知，这个休假是对护理员免费的。free“免费的”。
11．A.believe B．take
C．refuse D．enjoy
A 解析：根据空后的“disbelief”可知，Tricia不相信她获得了一个免费休假这件事。A项意为“相信”，符合语境。
12．A.woke B．defeated
C．showed D．moved
B 解析：根据下一段中的“Tricia went, and her favorite parts of the trip were to enjoy”可知，Tricia接受了免费休假这件事情，由此可知，她对免费休假的怀疑(和向往)打败(defeated)了对于留下孩子们的担忧。wake“醒来”；show“展示”；move“移动”。
13．A.wonderful B．delicious
C．peaceful D．simple
D 解析：根据空后的“I got to eat hot food hot and cold food cold. I could go to bed when I wanted to and wake up whenever I chose to”可知，Tricia在度假时所做的事情都是很普通、很简单的(simple)事情。wonderful“精彩的，极棒的”；delicious“美味的”；peaceful“平静的，和平的”。
14．A.heaviness B．pain
C．sadness D．disbelief
A 解析：她担心度假结束后，自己的生活会回归以前的沉闷，但出乎她意料的是后来的生活并没有回到从前。根据上文可知，Tricia是一个护理员，平时的工作都是照顾病人，生活少有放松的时候，故heaviness“沉闷”符合语境。pain“伤痛”；sadness“伤心，悲伤”；disbelief“怀疑，不信任”。
15．A.entertainment B．dream
C．vacation D．freedom
C 解析：根据第四段第一句“Tricia was one of the first caregivers to go on vacation.”可知选C。
16．A.comment B．story
C．surprise D．fortune
B 解析：上文讲述的是Tricia享受免费休假的故事，故B项story“故事”符合语境。
17．A.worried B．confused
C．unexpected D．stressed
D 解析：根据上文提到的Tricia担心度假结束后自己的生活会回归以前的沉闷可知，D项“stressed”符合语境。
18．A.award B．change
C．scenery D．accommodation
B 解析：根据上文可知，其他看护人员和Tricia一样，在度假前他们的生活较为沉闷；结合后一句“They reflect and relax.”可知，在度假之后，他们变得很放松。据此可知，这样的改变令人惊讶。change意为“改变”，符合语境，故B项正确。award“奖”；scenery“风景”；accommodation“住宿”。
19．A.slightly B．interestingly
C．magically D．mostly
C 解析：这神奇地(magically)像是另外一个世界，并且给了他们一个从另一个角度(angle)看待他们的生活的机会。slightly“轻微地”；interestingly“有趣地”；mostly“大多地”；magically“魔法般地”符合语境。
20．A.place B．situation
C．height D．angle
D 解析：参见上题解析。
语法填空
(2019·太原高三阶段性测评)Many of us wake up feeling 1.____________(tire) in the morning. Many of us ignore the problem as the day goes on, 2.____________(forget) that it might have a 3.____________(danger) effect. Society even glorifies “burning the candle at both ends” as 4.____________ sign of our devotion to work and family.
Believe it 5.____________not, all this bad sleep has far?reaching consequences. We just do not give ourselves enough chances to sleep. A survey of over 74，000 people found 35 percent reported sleeping less than seven hours daily 6.____________ average. Furthermore, the amount of sleep 7.____________(change) greatly over the past 15 years.
This lack of sleep can lead to many serious 8.____________(problem)．One study found that 9.____________(simple) limiting yourself to six hours of sleep a night for two weeks had similar effects to staying up all night the night before, 10.____________ could make you perform poorly on a timed attention task.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了很多人睡眠不足的现象和由此导致的一些问题。
1．tired 解析：考查形容词。本句主语是人，故用形容词tired作feeling的表语。
2．forgetting 解析：考查非谓语动词。空处与其逻辑主语Many of us 构成主谓关系，因此用现在分词作状语。
3．dangerous 解析：考查形容词。空后为名词，故用形容词修饰。
4．a 解析：考查冠词。此处表示作为我们对工作和家庭的奉献的一种标志，表泛指，故用a。
5．or 解析：考查固定短语。believe it or not 为固定短语，意为“信不信由你”。
6．on 解析：考查介词。on average 为固定搭配，意为“平均来看，按平均值”。
7．has changed 解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“over the past 15 years”可知，此处应用现在完成时，且该句的主语是“the amount of sleep”，故谓语动词用单数形式。
8．problems 解析：考查名词。空前有many 修饰，且problem为可数名词，故用其复数形式。
9．simply 解析：考查副词。此处修饰非谓语动词 limiting，故应用副词。
10．which 解析：考查定语从句。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，又因关系词在从句中作主语，指代空前的“____________(simple) limiting...the night before”，故用which。
课时练3 语法写作增分练
[学生用书P272(单独成册)]
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分 45分)
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2019·安徽合肥质检)Eileen Taylor had something sweet on her mind in the drive through line at Heav’nly Donuts.Just the day before, a stranger ahead of her in line had 61.____________(generous) paid for her coffee.“The gesture made such 62.____________ big difference in my day，”says Eileen.She had recently lost her job as a physician’s 63.____________(assist), and money was tight.But Eileen 64.____________(inspire) to pay the $12 bill of the family in the car behind hers.65.____________ she didn’t know was that her kindness would set off a chain reaction.In two and a half hours, fifty?five drivers paid for the order of the person behind 66.____________(they)．The doughnut shop’s employees 67.____________(see) this before.This Heav’nly Donuts, in fact, is known as a special place, the customers of 68.____________ are considered as the“best in the world”．But, even so, the workers were 69.____________(amaze) that the shop had more than doubled its previous record by the end of the day.
Now 70.____________(work) as a chemist, Eileen visits Heav’nly Donuts every Saturday morning, picking up a coffee and paying for the order of the customer behind her.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了Eileen在得到别人帮助后， 自己受到爱的感染， 也常常去咖啡馆帮助支付排在他后面的客人的账单的故事。
61．generously 解析：考查词性转换。修饰动词paid用generous的副词形式generously, 意为“慷慨地”。
62．a 解析：考查冠词。make such a big difference意为“有如此大的影响”， 是固定搭配。
63．assistant 解析：考查词性转换。本空前面是名词所有格， 再根据句意“她最近丢了作为医生助理的工作，”故本空填名词assistant“助理”。
64．was inspired 解析：考查语态。inspire sb.to do sth.意为“激励某人做某事”， 因本句中谓语inspire和主语Eileen之间是动宾关系， 故用被动语态。
65．What 解析：考查从句连接词。分析句子结构可知， was之前是一个主语从句， 从句中缺宾语， 故用What引导， 注意首字母大写。
66．them 解析：考查代词。behind是介词， 后面用人称代词they的宾格形式them。
67．had seen 解析：考查时态。根据本句的时间状语before可知用完成时， 整个文章都是以过去时为主， 故本空用过去完成时had seen。
68．which 解析：考查从句连接词。本句是逗号隔开的非限制性定语从句， 因先行词为place, 并且此空位于介词of的后面， 故用which引导。
69．amazed 解析：考查词性转换。本句的主语是the workers, 指人感到吃惊用amazed。
70．working 解析：考查非谓语动词。本句话的主语是Eileen, 与动词work之间是主谓关系， 故用v.?ing形式作伴随状语。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2019·福州质检)This summer, I attended a journalism?themed summer camp, where I learn a lot.
What impressed me most was the interviews carrying out in the streets. In the beginning, I wasn’t used to talk to strangers.But with my teammates encouragement, I was able to communicate smooth with them. Then we were noticed most of the answers we got were brief. After a discussion, my teammates and I realized that was why our questions weren’t open?ended enough. So we changed their questions and our interviewees were more willing to share with us their ideas in end.
From this experience I’ve gained several skill for interviewing people as a journalist.
答案：
This summer, I attended a journalism?themed summer camp, where I a lot.
What impressed me most was the interviews out in the streets. In the beginning, I wasn’t used to to strangers.But with my encouragement, I was able to communicate with them. Then we noticed most of the answers we got were brief. After a discussion, my teammates and I realized that was our questions weren’t open?ended enough. So we changed questions and our interviewees were more willing to share with us their ideas in end.
From this experience I’ve gained several for interviewing people as a journalist.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
(2019·江西赣中南五校联考)假如你是李华，上周你在国外某网络书店买了一本英文词典，收到后你发现了一些质量问题，请你给书店经理写一份电子邮件，说明情况和自己的要求。内容包括：
1．购买的时间；
2．发现的问题(印刷错误、缺页等)；
3．要求退款或换货。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Manager，
I’m writing to tell you something that happened to me.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear__Manager，
I’m__writing__to__tell__you__something__that__happened__to__me.__
Last week I bought an English dictionary from your online bookstore because I was in great need of such a dictionary to help me with my English study. It cost me 25 dollars. But unfortunately when I received it, I found it beyond my satisfaction. There were quite a few misprints and some of the pages were even missing!
As far as I am concerned, I’d like my money back or at least you can change this dictionary for another copy! Personally you should have checked the dictionary to make sure that the dictionary was of high quality before you delivered it to your customer. I do hope your service can improve from now on.
I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li__Hua
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