Unit 9 Wheels
[学生用书P68]
单句语法填空
1．The young man isn’t very ____________(rely), but I like him just the same.
答案：reliable
2．A quarter of all workers admit ____________(take) time off when they are not ill.
答案：taking
3．I would appreciate ____________ if goods could be delivered as soon as possible.
答案：it
4．You can’t predict everything.Often things don’t work ____________ as you expect.
答案：out
5．I ____________(wear) glasses since I was in primary school and I hate them.
答案：have been wearing
6．They won’t accept higher prices without an ____________(argue) with the salesgirl.
答案：argument
7．The heavy rain has caused great damage ____________ the crops here，which has made the peasants sad.
答案：to
8．The woman has been addicted to ____________(chat) on the Internet since last year.
答案：chatting
9．So far the traveler ____________(visit) over two hundred towns in the world.
答案：has visited
10．It’ll be only a few days ____________ the Spring Festival comes round.
答案：before
单句改错
1．You’ll find it hard to give up once you are addicted to play online games. ____________________
答案：play→playing
2．As is known to all，a balanced diet benefits from one’s health. ____________________
答案：去掉from
3．I would appreciate if you could help me with my new computer.____________________
答案：if前加it
4．Occupied herself in designing a new robot，the girl has no time to play.____________________
答案：Occupied→Occupying或者去掉herself
5．The old man has been written something on the ground the whole morning.____________________
答案：written→writing
单元语法——现在完成时和现在完成进行时
单句语法填空
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Athletes from our school team ____________(win) many gold medals of table tennis contests in recent years and the coaching team is also very professional.
答案：have won
2．By the time he realizes he ____________(walk) into a trap，it’ll be late for him to escape.
答案：has walked
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Inventors ____________(try) to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert.
答案：have been trying
4．All these years they ____________(contribute) articles to our magazine.
答案：have been contributing
5．The author ____________(write) three novels since he moved to this small town.
答案：has written
教材与语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Amsterdam，which is flat，is called the “City of Bicycles” because of its 1.____________(convenient) for bicycles there.To save energy and reduce 2.____________(pollute)，a group of cycling fans had an idea.They painted many bicycles white and placed them in many neighborhoods 3.____________ that everyone was allowed 4.____________(use)a bike for short journeys.5.____________，later，all the bikes were taken by thieves within weeks.With the 6.____________(develop) of modern science and technology，the “white bike” 7.____________ a computer chip is back in town! The new “white bike” is an unusual design with bright colours and they are parked at special 8.____________(park) places，so people 9.____________ want to use them have to take them to another special parking place. 10.____________(thank) to the good ideas，many people around the world can enjoy city centre streets without cars.
答案：1.convenience 2.pollution 3.so 4.to use
5．However 6.development 7.with 8.parking 9.who
10．Thanks
话题知识与写作
(Ⅰ)根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文。
1．史密斯先生三年前养成了吸烟的习惯，过去他平均每天吸3包烟。(form the habit of；on average )
2．吸烟不仅花了他大量的钱，而且对身体造成了危害。(not only...but also...；a large amount of)
3．他的妻子很烦他，所以他决心戒烟。(fed up)
4．的确，戒烟对他来说是很难的，因为他吸烟上瘾很长时间了。(be addicted to...)
5．但是，凭借自己的努力，他做到了。(rely on；manage to)
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(Ⅱ)下面是李华的一篇作文，文中有五处错误，改正错误并背诵该文。
Mr.Smith formed the habit of smoking three years before，and he used to smoke three packets of cigarettes average every day.Smoking not only cost him a large amount of money and also did great damage to his health.His wife was fed up with him.Therefore，he decided to quit smoking.Indeed，it was difficult for him to stop smoking，because he had been addicted to smoke for a long time.However，he managed to quit smoking rely on his own efforts.
答案：
Mr.Smith formed the habit of smoking three years ，and he used to smoke three packets of cigarettes average every day.Smoking not only cost him a large amount of money also did great damage to his health.His wife was fed up with him.Therefore，he decided to quit smoking.Indeed，it was difficult for him to stop smoking，because he had been addicted to for a long time.However，he managed to quit smoking on his own efforts.
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必修3
BI XIU SAN
Unit9 Wheels
》基础盘点自测自评
教材回顾·自主检测◆
考点串讲,重难突破
讲练结合·要点落实◆
Unit 9 Wheels
课时练1 阅读理解提速练
[学生用书P273(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
(2019·济南5月高考针对性练习)Lions are the top tourist attraction to Kenya and also considered critically endangered. One of the main causes of their death is that people kill them in return for lions attacking their cows. “We put our cows in a small cow shelter at night，” locals said, “and that’s when the trouble would start. Lions would jump in the shelter and kill the cows.”
There have been a lot of efforts to try to protect the lions, but they are in crisis and everyone is looking for a solution. One idea was land tenancy(租用)，and another was lion?proof fences. However, no one even knew that Richard Turere, a 13?year?old Maasai from Kenya, had already come up with something that worked.
One night Richard was walking around with a flashlight and discovered the lions were scared of a moving light. An idea was born. Three weeks later, Richard invented a system of lights that flash around the cow shelter, mimicking a human walking around with a flashlight. His system is made from broken flashlight parts and an indicator box from a motorcycle. “The only thing I bought was a solar panel(太阳能电池板), which charges a battery that supplies power to the lights at night，” Richard says. He calls the system Lion Lights.
His simple solution was so successful. His neighbors heard about it and wanted Lion Lights too. He put in the lights for them. From there, the lights spread and are now being used all around Kenya. Someone in India is trying them out for tigers. In Zambia and Tanzania they’re being used as well.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。狮子因为经常偷袭肯尼亚当地人饲养的奶牛而遭到杀害， 这导致肯尼亚狮子的数量大量减少， 已经濒临灭绝。人们想出多种方法来保护狮子， 但收效甚微。当地一个13岁的男孩发明了一种“狮灯系统”解决了这一难题。
1．Why do local people kill lions?
A．To attract tourists.
B．To protect their cows.
C．To sell them for money.
D．To scare away large animals.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“One of the main causes of their death is that people kill them in return for lions attacking their cows.”可知， 狮子死亡的主要原因之一是狮子袭击当地人的奶牛，为了保护奶牛，他们不得不杀死狮子， 故B项正确。
2．What makes Richard’s idea successful?
A．That the lights will cost nothing.
B．That the system can protect lions.
C．That the lions are afraid of a moving light.
D．That the cows are lawfully killed.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“One night Richard was walking around with a flashlight and discovered the lions were scared of a moving light.”可知， 一天晚上， Richard发现狮子害怕移动的光； 结合下文他发明的装在牛棚上的闪光灯取得良好的效果可知， 他的想法成功的原因是狮子害怕移动的光， 故C项正确。
3．What may be the best title of the text?
A．Lion Lights B．Protecting Lions
C．Endangered Cows D．Lion?proof Fences
A 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知， 本文倒数第二段尾句“He calls the system Lion Lights.”为文章的主题句， 结合全文内容可知， 本文主要讲述了肯尼亚的一个13岁男孩发明“狮灯系统”的过程， 这种方法既保护了当地的奶牛免遭狮子袭击， 也保护了狮子免遭杀害， 故A项最适合作为本文的标题。
B
(2019·吉林省实验中学月考)How do the world’s only flying mammals communicate? Researchers have observed young bats adopting new “dialects” simply by hearing them repeatedly, making them one of the few animals known to have a capacity for vocal(声音的) learning.“These bats may help us clarify the evolution of speech acquisition(习得) skills，”says Yosef Prat, a PhD at Tel Aviv University (TAU)．
For one year, researchers raised 14 Egyptian fruit bat pups with their mothers in the controlled area, exposing each young bat to two different vocalizations: the natural call of its mother and a separate recording that varied in pitch(音高) or frequency. They found that the pups in each group developed a dialect like the recording.“The general assumption in this field is that most animals develop their born vocalizations regardless of what they hear, and that human vocal learning abilities have developed during evolution，”says Mr. Prat.“The finding that bats learn the common dialect in their rest place was unusual.”
Scientists know little about the origin of spoken language, which is believed to have appeared in humans within the past 500，000 years. Dozens of theories attempt to explain the complexity of this skill, but none have done so conclusively.
“Studying vocal communication and vocal learning in animal models is a very useful way to approach the problem，” says Olga Feher, an assistant professor at the University of Warwick in England.
“But animal vocalizations and human speech are very different things，” says Jamin Pelkey, a professor at Ryerson University.“All species communicate. Unlike other animals, though, human beings are able to use sound patterns for functions that are far stranger—functions that are imaginative, theoretical, and critical. When speech is involved in these stranger functions, that is what we mean by spoken ‘language’．”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇科普说明文。研究人员发现，蝙蝠可以通过发出一种声音来沟通交流，不同群体的蝙蝠会发出不同的声音。人们想通过研究蝙蝠的这种交流方式来探索语言发展的本源，但也有人指出动物的“语言”交流和人类的语言是有本质的区别的。
4．How do young bats acquire their “language” according to the research?
A．Flying in the air slowly.
B．Hearing it again and again.
C．Communicating with partners.
D．Repeating it with their mothers.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词young bats 和acquire their “language”可以定位至第一段。由该段第二句“Researchers have observed young bats adopting new ‘dialects’ simply by hearing them repeatedly...”可知，蝙蝠幼崽是通过一遍遍地听来学习“语言”的。故选B。
5．What was the general view about animal vocalization?
A．Most animals are born with it.
B．Its process was unusual.
C．It is easier than human speech.
D．What animals heard doesn’t affect their learning.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词general view和vocalization可定位至第二段。由该段的倒数第二句“The general assumption in this field is that most animals develop their born vocalizations regardless of what they hear...”可知，大多数动物不管听到什么，其天生的发音能力都会自然发育。据此可知，动物所听到的不会对它们的发声能力有影响，故选D。
6．What does the underlined word “problem” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The difference between animals and humans.
B．The complexity of spoken language.
C．The origin of spoken language.
D．The study of animal models.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段可知，科学家们对口头语言的起源问题知之甚少，也没有一种能够服众的理论。结合画线单词所在句“Studying vocal communication and vocal learning in animal models is a very useful way...”可知，用动物作为研究对象是解决这一问题的一种很有用的方法；据此可知，画线单词指代“口头语言的本源是什么”这一问题，故选C。
7．What does professor Pelkey think of researching young bats?
A．It is far from the fact.
B．Its result is beyond doubt.
C．It is of great scientific value.
D．It doesn’t relate to human speech much.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词Pelkey可定位至第五段。由该段第一句可知，佩尔基教授认为动物发声和人类语言不大一样。
C
(2019·桂林、百色、崇左联考)By trying to tickle(使发痒) rats and recording how their nerve cells respond, Shimpei Ishiyama and his adviser are discovering a mystery that has puzzled thinkers since Aristotle expected that humans, given their thin skin and unique ability to laugh, were the only ticklish animals.
It turns out that Aristotle was wrong. In their study published on Thursday, Ishiyama and his adviser Michael Brecht found that rats squeaked and jumped with pleasure when tickled on their backs and bellies. These signs of joy changed according to their moods. And for the first time, they discovered a special group of nerve cells. These nerve cells made this feeling so powerful that it causes a rat being tickled to lose control.
To make sure that he had indeed found a place in the brain where tickling was processed, Ishiyama then stimulated(刺激) that area with electrical currents. The rats began to jump like rabbits and sing like birds.
“It’s truly ground?breaking，” said Jeffrey Burgdorf, a neuroscientist at Northwestern University who reviewed the paper.“It takes the study of emotion to a new level.”
Burgdorf has played a central role in our understanding of animal tickling. He was part of a team that first noticed, in the late 1990s, that rats made special noises when they were experiencing social pleasure. Others had already noted that rats repeatedly made short and high sounds during meals. But the lab where Burgdorf worked noticed that they emitted similar sounds while playing. And so one day, the senior scientist in the lab said, “Let’s go and tickle some rats.” They quickly found that those cries of pleasure doubled.
“The authors have been very adventurous，” said Daniel O’Connor, a neuroscientist at Johns Hopkins University. To him, that finding was very surprising.
“Why does the world literally feel different when you are stressed out？” he said.“This is the first step towards answering that question. It gives us a way to approach it with experimental rigor(严谨)．”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章中科学家通过刺激老鼠来记录它们的神经细胞的反应，所得出的结论将对情绪的研究提升到了一个新的高度。
8．What contributed to humans’ being ticklish according to Aristotle?
A．Their special skin.
B．Their social pleasure.
C．Their nervous system.
D．Their willingness to touch.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“since Aristotle expected that humans, given their thin skin and unique ability to laugh, were the only ticklish animals”可知，亚里士多德认为人类由于其皮肤薄，而且有独特的笑的能力而成为唯一怕痒的动物，所以正确答案为A。
9．Which of the following statements will Jeffrey Burgdorf agree with?
A．The research process is full of risks.
B．The finding of the study is surprising and unbelievable.
C．The new discovery is beneficial for the study of emotion.
D．The finding of the study actually contradicts modern science.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“It takes the study of emotion to a new level.”可知，这项研究成果把对情绪的研究提升到了一个新的高度，显然，这对情绪的研究是有益处的。故答案为C。
10．The underlined word “squeaked” in Paragraph 2 may be replaced by “________”．
A．gave a smile
B．made a noise
C．burst into tears
D．watched with staring eyes
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据该词后面的“jumped with pleasure when tickled on their backs and bellies”可知，当在老鼠的背部和腹部挠痒痒的时候，它们会高兴地跳起来，再结合第三段中的“The rats began to jump like rabbits and sing like birds.”可知，此处是“发出声音”的意思，故选B。
11．What is the best title for the text?
A．The Life of Rats
B．How Rats Laugh
C．A Wonderful Scientist
D．A New Discovery about Rats
D 解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了一项关于老鼠的新发现。故答案为D。
D
(2019·贵阳摸底考试)Pollution’s serious effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years. Most scientists agree that efforts are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.
As we know, the construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. So green buildings are in great need.
The environmental benefits of green buildings include the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity(生物多样性), improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health of people who live there.
The process of building green houses includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials long distances.
Careful site selection is important to minimize (使减少到最低限度) human effects on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes(微风) and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build the small ones.
Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs. These roofs are partially or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs low, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.
Other features of green buildings often include energy and water protection, recycling and waste reduction. In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power, water power and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the influence on the environment.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了绿色建筑的优势和特色。
12．What can we know about green buildings?
A．Producing no waste.
B．Only using clean energy.
C．Being made of new materials.
D．Being environment?friendly.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据对全文的整体理解特别是第三段的内容可推知，绿色建筑整体上是环保的，故选D。
13．What is a green building probably like according to the fifth paragraph?
A．Large. B．Small.
C．Green. D．Low.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build the small ones.”可推知，绿色建筑应该倾向于小型建筑，而非高楼大厦，故选B。
14．What is the purpose of using green roofs?
A．To fit the environment.
B．To keep warm.
C．To collect nature water.
D．To reduce costs.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs.”可知，绿色屋顶可以降低能源使用和成本，故选D。
15．What is the text mainly about?
A．Promoting energy efficiency.
B．Environmental benefits.
C．Green buildings.
D．Ecosystems and biodiversity.
C 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章的关键词“green buildings”和对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲的是绿色建筑，故选C。
七选五
(2019· 合肥第二次教学质量检测)
What to Do When Someone Doesn’t Like You
When someone tells me “I don’t care if people like me”， they are showing me the emotional wall they use to block the hurt of rejection.
As humans are social animals, all of us care if people like us. Based on the need for social connection, your reactions to rejection and negative judgment can range from minor hurt to outbreaks of depression. 1.________
The first step to handle a negative situation is to recognize your reaction. Ask yourself, “What am I feeling？” 2.________ Any betrayal(背叛) or embarrassment in your heart? Identify what feeling has shown up in your body, so you can choose what to do next.
3．________ When you sense yourself shutting down or feeling defensive, ask yourself what the person actually meant to do to you. Did they truly mean to offend you, or make fun of you? Your brain works very hard to keep you safe, so it will judge a situation as threatening if there is any possibility of social harm.
When our brains sense a possible threat, we react as if we were personally attacked. Take a breath to relieve the stress. 4.________
Finally, if you believe the person doesn’t like you, ask yourself if this matters. 5.________ If not, what can you do to release your need to be liked by this person? And, what can you do to stay neutral and not return the dislike? The more you can come to accept others as who they are, the more you can move forward with your goals regardless of if someone likes you or not.
A．If you can, look the person in his eyes.
B．Do you feel any fear or anger in your head?
C．Ask yourself what is true about the situation.
D．Often people do not realize the impact of their words.
E．Will the person’s judgment of you impact your work or life?
F．The ability to let a show of dislike roll off your back is a learned skill.
G．This will ground you in the present and take you out of your trembling mind.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了摆脱不受别人喜欢的情况的方法和策略。
1．F 解析：由空处承接下文 “The first step to handle a negative situation is to recognize your reaction.”可知，本空是一个承上启下的过渡句，即应对别人的拒绝和负面评价是一种可以学习的技能，下文具体阐述如何达成这种技能，所以选F项。
2．B 解析：由空处承接上文 “Ask yourself, ‘What am I feeling？’”可知，此处表示个人的感情倾向，与下文 “Any betrayal(背叛) or embarrassment in your heart” 呼应，所以选B项。
3．C 解析：由空处承接下文 “When you sense yourself shutting down or feeling defensive, ask yourself what the person actually meant to do to you.”可知，本段讲的是要搞清楚真实的状况，然后再具体地应对，故选C项。
4．G 解析：由空处承接上文 “Take a breath to relieve the stress.”可知，空处应进一步讲这样做的好处，所以选G项。
5．E 解析：由空处承接上文 “Finally, if you believe the person doesn’t like you, ask yourself if this matters.”可知，搞清楚他人的不喜欢对自己是否有影响对接下来的应对很重要，这种影响可能是工作或生活上的，所以选E项。
课时练2 知识运用板块练
[学生用书P276(单独成册)]
完形填空
(2019·赣州十四县联考)I am a social worker. I wanted to tell everyone about my very dear friend who passed away a few months ago.
I met him many years ago while doing my internship(实习期) in the country prison. He was__1__ a program he had designed to help prisoners with drug and alcohol problems. He was always__2__ new ways to bring hope and help to these men and their__3__．
One of his favorite __4__ was the Toy Drive. He would run every Christmas for the children of the prisoners. He did this for twenty years __5__ his sudden death. As last Christmas __6__，I decided that this tradition had to be __7__，for the children as well as the __8__ of my friend.
But the file where he kept the names of the people who had been helped by him over the years was __9__. I had to start anew(重新) and with very little __10__！ I started making phone calls, explaining about the project and my __11__．I prayed every night that the event would，__12__， be worthy of my friend. To my great __13__，individuals, churches and businesses began to come on board and，__14__， I had enough toys to give to all the children of the prisoners with some left over for the local community __15__！
When Christmas Eve finally arrived, I felt very happy, thinking I had done all I could do and reflecting on what a(n) __16__ it had been for me. I was bagging up the remaining toys __17__ if there was anyone left who might like them. Then my phone rang.
It was my daughter. She __18__ to explain about a woman she knew in Kentucky who had five children, one seriously ill, no husband, no heating in the home, no toys! Oh! How could we not?
My daughter and I drove all night, from New York to Kentucky, and those children woke up in a nice warm house with plenty of __19__！
My friend’s __20__ of kindness lived on that year, reaching all the way to Kentucky!
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了作者多年前在实习期间被朋友帮助他人的精神所感动，而在朋友逝世后继续朋友的活动以使朋友的精神得以延续的感人故事。
1．A.recording B．attending
C．directing D．improving
C 解析：根据下文的“He would run every Christmas for the children of the prisoners.”，并与空后的“program”呼应可推知，作者的朋友当时负责这样的一个项目。record“记录，记载”；attend“参加，出席，到场”；direct“负责，管理”；improve“提升”。
2．A.putting up with B．coming up with
C．keeping up with D．catching up with
B 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示想出办法。put up with“忍受”；come up with“想出”；keep up with“跟上”；catch up with“赶上”。
3．A.group B．family
C．company D．club
B 解析：根据下文的“He would run every Christmas for the children of the prisoners.”可推知，作者的朋友不仅帮助那些服刑的人，而且还帮助他们的家人。
4．A.events B．sports
C．hobbies D．games
A 解析：根据下文的“I started making phone calls, explaining about the project”可推知，此处作者介绍了朋友最喜欢做的活动项目，与下文的“I prayed every night that the event would，________，be worthy of my friend.”呼应。event“事件，活动”。
5．A.after B．since
C．because D．until
D 解析：根据语境可推知，作者的朋友坚持了20年，一直做这样的活动，直到最后自己突然离世。
6．A.arrived B．followed
C．approached D．finished
C 解析：根据语境可知，朋友去世后，在上一个圣诞节来临之际，作者准备把这个圣诞传统继续下去，且与下文的“When Christmas Eve finally arrived”呼应。approach“临近”。
7．A.carried out B．lived on
C．carried on D．lived out
C 解析：参见上题解析。carry out“实行”；live on“以……为生”；carry on“继续”；live out“不住在工作场所，实现某事(指曾计划或期望的事)”。
8．A.benefit B．memory
C．pleasure D．favor
B 解析：上一个圣诞节来临之际，为了孩子们，也为了缅怀自己的朋友，作者决定延续这一传统。benefit“好处，益处”；memory“记忆”；pleasure“乐趣”；favor“善意的行为”。
9．A.active B．extra
C．hiding D．missing
D 解析：根据下文的“I had to start anew(重新) and with very little________！”可推知，之前朋友所帮助过的人的信息都丢失了，作者不得不重新获取。extra“额外的，另外的”；missing“找不到的，丢失的”。
10．A.time B．pressure
C．energy D．confidence
A 解析：根据上文的“As last Christmas________， I decided that this tradition had to be ________，for the children as well as the ________of my friend.”可知，圣诞节马上来临了，作者找到朋友帮助过的人的信息的时间并不多。pressure“压力”；energy“能量”；confidence“信心”。
11．A.difficulties B．impression
C．importance D．atmosphere
A 解析：在时间紧、文件丢失的情况下，作者要继续朋友生前的活动是困难的。impression“印象”；atmosphere“气氛”。
12．A.otherwise B．however
C．somehow D．though
C 解析：根据语境可推知，作者每晚祈祷，这样的活动能以某种方式配得上朋友。otherwise“否则，要不然”；somehow“以某种方式”。
13．A.curiosity B．disappointment
C．relief D．thought
C 解析：根据下文的“individuals, churches and businesses began to come on board”可推知，大家都来帮忙，因此作者很宽慰。curiosity“好奇心”；disappointment“失望”；relief“宽慰”。
14．A.eventually B．occasionally
C．absolutely D．generally
A 解析：根据下文的“I had enough toys”可推知，作者在大家的帮助下，最终收集到了活动所需要的足够多的玩具。eventually“最终”；occasionally“偶尔，偶然，间或”；absolutely“完全地，绝对地”；generally“总体上来说，大致”。
15．A.in particular B．as well
C．once more D．at first
B 解析：根据上文的“with some left over for the local community”可推知，作者收集到的玩具不仅够活动本身用，还有剩余。in particular“尤其，特别”；as well“也”；once more“再一次”；at first“开始”。
16．A.honor B．pity
C．burden D．discovery
A 解析：根据上文的“I felt very happy”可推知，作者成功地举办了圣诞节活动，感觉能够为逝去的朋友做些值得的事是很大的荣幸。honor“荣誉，荣幸”；pity“可惜”；burden“负担”；discovery“发现”。
17．A.predicting B．wondering
C．evaluating D．realizing
B 解析：根据上文的“I was bagging up the remaining toys”，并与本句中的if条件句呼应可推知，作者想知道是否有人喜欢剩余的玩具。predict“预计”；wonder“想知道”；evaluate“评估”；realize“实现，意识到”。
18．A.drove B．came
C．returned D．called
D 解析：根据上文的“Then my phone rang.”和“It was my daughter.”可知，是作者的女儿打来了电话。
19．A.chocolates B．candies
C．toys D．flowers
C 解析：根据语境可推知，作者和女儿一路驱车去很远的地方给孩子们送圣诞节玩具。
20．A.spirit B．position
C．courage D．attention
A 解析：根据上文可知，作者的朋友已经逝世，作者通过把其生前的活动继续下去，让这种仁慈的精神继续存活。spirit“精神”。
语法填空
(2019·陕西第二次教学质检)In September, in Britain, you may see a lot of swallows. They are gathering together because, very soon, they will be flying south to much 1.____________(warm) lands, where they will find plenty of small flying insects on 2.____________ they feed. There are no such insects about in Britain during the winter, as it is too cold 3.____________ them.
The swallows settle, fly off, dash, and settle again. This they do many times, for they are making short practicing 4.____________(flight) in order to be fit for the long journey ahead of them.
Flocks of these 5.____________(migrate) birds leave Britain in the autumn. They fly 6.____________(steady) for hundreds of miles before they reach the warm lands of Africa. But not all the birds get there, for many of them die in the 7.____________(storm) weather they meet with on the way.
In the spring of the following year they make the long and tiring journey back to Britain. They get 8.____________(settle) on the same barn or tree in the same district which they 9.____________(leave) the previous autumn.
Nobody knows exactly how these birds find their way there and back over such vast distance, but it has something to do 10.____________ winds and air currents.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国燕子的迁徙。
1．warmer 解析：考查形容词的比较级。它们聚集到一起是因为不久之后它们将飞往南方比较温暖的地方。根据语境可知此处应用形容词的比较级。
2．which 解析：考查关系词。在那里，它们会发现大量的小飞虫，它们以此为食物。根据语境及句型结构可知，此处应用on which引导定语从句，which代替上文提到的insects。
3．for 解析：考查介词。因为对它们来说，英国的冬天太冷了。此处用介词for表示 “对……来说”。
4．flights 解析：考查名词单复数。它们正在做短程的飞行训练。根据语境可知，此处飞行不止一次，所以名词的复数符合语境。
5．migrating 解析：考查非谓语动词。在秋天的时候，这些成群的迁徙的鸟儿离开英国。根据句意可知birds与动词migrate之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词作定语。
6．steadily 解析：考查副词。在它们到达非洲温暖的地方之前，它们要平稳地飞行数百英里。此处应用副词修饰动词。
7．stormy 解析：考查形容词。但是并不是所有的鸟儿都会到达那儿，因为途中有许多鸟儿在遇到的暴风雨天气中死去。根据空前的the以及空后的weather可知，此处修饰名词应用形容词。
8．settled 解析：考查动词语态。此处get settled意为“定居下来”，构成被动语态。
9．left 解析：考查动词时态。它们在同一地区相同的谷仓或树上定居下来，那是它们前一年秋天离开的地方。根据句意可知，此处 “离开” 是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。
10．with 解析：考查固定短语。have something to do with...意为“与……有关”，为固定短语。
课时练3 语法写作增分练
[学生用书P277(单独成册)]
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分 45分)
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2019·厦门质量检测)China’s most famous wall may have been built to keep people away, but a new kind of wall is bringing people a lot 61.____________ (close) together.
On January 29，hooks and hangers appeared on the side of a Qingdao building under the words：“If you need it, take it.”This “wall of 62.____________ (kind)”， the creation of local charity Chuangyi Workshop, 63.____________ (invite) passers?by to leave their spare warm clothes and encourages those 64.____________ are in need to take them.
“It is just like what you do at home. You hang your clothes when you get home. You take them down 65.____________ put them on when you go out，”said Wang Lei，director of Chuangyi Workshop. 66.____________ (inspire)by a similar plan in Iran, she put it into practice in China as the country experienced 67.____________ (it) coldest winter in decades.
Wang and her colleagues receive lots of clothes from people，especially in winter. She 68.____________ (touch) by people’s generosity.“Some of the clothing is almost new. I don’t even have to wash my hands 69.____________ sorting it.”
Many such walls have also appeared in several other Chinese 70.____________ (city). This simple way of helping people is now making a big difference to society.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了青岛一座建筑物墙上的一条标语“如果你需要它，就拿走它。”这其实是通过向人们收集闲置的衣物来帮助有困难的人御寒过冬的，这也体现出了人性的善良和仁慈。
61．closer 解析：考查形容词比较级。这里表示一种新的墙正在将人们的距离拉得更近，此处a lot修饰比较级，故应填closer。
62．kindness 解析：考查词性转换。介词of之后应填名词作宾语，这里指“这面善良之墙”，故应填kindness。
63．invites 解析：考查主谓一致及时态。本文描述的都是目前的状况，而且主语为单数，因此动词应用一般现在时态的第三人称单数形式，故应填invites。
64．who 解析：考查定语从句引导词。这里“those”为先行词，指人，在从句中作主语，所以用who来引导。
65．and 解析：考查连词。“take them down”与“put them on”为并列关系，同时作谓语，故应填表示并列关系的连词and。
66．Inspired 解析：考查非谓语动词。这里作原因状语，且inspire与句子的主语she之间为被动关系，故应填过去分词形式inspired，注意首字母大写。
67．its 解析：考查形容词性物主代词。这里修饰空后的名词winter，应用形容词性物主代词its。
68．is touched 解析：考查动词时态和语态。句子缺少谓语部分，主语“She”与动词“touch”之间为被动关系，结合上下文时态可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故应填is touched。
69．after 解析：考查连词。这里表示在分类之后作者甚至不需要洗手，强调动作的先后顺序，应填连词after。
70．cities 解析：考查名词的数。根据前面的修饰词“several other”可知，应填名词的复数形式。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2019·惠州调研)Not long ago，I was touched by the reply from Tsinghua University to Wei Xiang，which aroused a heating discussion. As Wei Xiang lost his father in a very early age, he was brought up by her mother. Despite of serious illness, he overcame all difficulties and was admit to Tsinghua with high marks. He wrote a letter to Tsinghua to apply for a separate room, where his mother could take care of him in the next four year. In the reply, the school promise to satisfy all his requirements and encouraged him to have strong belief in life. It is not only the inspiring story but also the warmth from the university which attracts the public’s attention. From Wei’s story, I learned that hard work would final pay off.
答案：
Not long ago, I was touched by the reply from Tsinghua University to Wei Xiang, which aroused a discussion. As Wei Xiang lost his father a very early age, he was brought up by mother. Despite serious illness, he overcame all difficulties and was to Tsinghua with high marks. He wrote a letter to Tsinghua to apply for a separate room, where his mother could take care of him in the next four .In the reply, the school to satisfy all his requirements and encouraged him to have strong belief in life. It is not only the inspiring story but also the warmth from the university attracts the public’s attention. From Wei’s story, I learned that hard work would pay off.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
(2019·南宁摸底联考)假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter想提高中文水平，进一步了解中国文化。请给他写一封信，推荐学习资源(resource)。内容包括：
1．学习资源：报纸、杂志及其他途径；
2．推荐理由；
3．表达祝愿。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Peter，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear__Peter，
I am glad to hear that you are eager to improve your Chinese and know more about Chinese culture. It’s my pleasure to recommend some resources to you.
Reading some popular newspapers and magazines，such as Southern Weekly, is the first choice, from which you can get lots of information about Chinese customs. Besides, there are other ways to experience the Chinese language and culture on the Internet, on TV or with some apps. The interesting news and stories in these resources are so amazing that you will never feel bored. I am sure you can benefit a lot from them.
I sincerely hope that you can make great progress in learning Chinese and have a better understanding of Chinese culture.
Yours，
Li__Hua
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