Unit 14 Careers
[学生用书P105]
单句语法填空
1．The young boy was standing next to the famous expert’s office, ____________(consult) some questions.
答案：consulting
2．I have an ____________(appoint) with my doctor this afternoon.
答案：appointment
3．There are three different versions of his health record currently in ____________(exist)．
答案：existence
4．The villagers decided to search the ____________(surround) villages for the camel.
答案：surrounding
5．Hearing the news, the famous scientists donated their money without ____________(hesitate)．
答案：hesitation
6．The contract commits him to ____________(play) for the team for the next three years.
答案：playing
7．When I arrived at the hospital, one nurse told me that my mother ____________(operate) on.
答案：was being operated
8．The other day the famous actor was charged ____________ speeding and was fined.
答案：with
9．The athlete’s years of hard working paid ____________ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.
答案：off
10．The course also features creative writing exercises and listening ____________(comprehend)．
答案：comprehension
单句改错
1．You’d better take some newspapers with you in case of you have to wait there.____________________
答案：去掉of
2．Ten years later I succeeded.In other words，all my efforts were paid off.____________________
答案：去掉were
3．I hear that the company is in charge of a middle?aged man from America now.____________________
答案：charge前加the
4．He told me that he has finished reading five history novels by the end of last month.____________________
答案：has→had
5．The instantly she stepped onto the stage，all the audience stood up, applauding.____________________
答案：instantly →instant
单元语法——直接引语与间接引语
句型转换
1．Kitty said，“I’ll call again after supper this evening.”
→Kitty said that she ____________ again after supper ____________．
答案：would call；that evening
2．“Did you see her last week？” he said.
→He ____________ I had seen her ____________．
答案：asked if；the week before
3．“Don’t tell him the news.”Mary said.
→Mary told me ____________ him the news.
答案：not to tell
4．Mr. Brown said to Mary，“Will you write Tom a letter in English or send him an e?mail？”
→Mr. Brown ____________ Mary ____________ she would write Tom a letter in English or send him an e?mail.
答案：asked；whether/if
5．Tom said，“Let’s go to the park this afternoon.”
→Tom suggested that ____________ to the park ____________．
答案：they should go；that afternoon
教材与语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wang Junyan is the presenter for Universe TV’s news programmes now，but she never dreamed of 1.____________(become) a famous person on TV as a child.She told me that it was being curious，working hard and believing in 2.____________ was true that made her the success.Junyan’s mother taught her 3.____________(be)interested in everything.Her mother was also a strong character，4.____________ always tried her best 5.____________(overcome) the difficulties and never gave up.Her mother’s attitude 6.____________ life would influence Junyan forever.Junyan became a reporter after her 7.____________(graduate)from university.However，it was when she had helped the government catch the guilty people 8.____________ she realized the 9.____________(important)of being a journalist.In her opinion，10.____________(write) the report isn’t easy，but she will never give up and she will be always curious forever.
答案：1.becoming 2.what 3.to be 4.who 5.to overcome 6.towards 7.graduation 8.that
9．importance 10.writing
话题知识与写作
(Ⅰ)根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文。
1．毕业后我被安排到一家公司负责资料收集的工作。得到这份工作是因为我的英语专业背景。(appoint；take charge of；due to)
2．这份工作本身具有挑战性，要求我尽量做到灵活。(flexible)
3．经理告诉我如有困难多向同事们请教。(in case of；consult)
4．在领导及同事们的帮助下，我克服了许多困难。(aid)
5．上个月我因勤奋工作受到奖赏。我所有的努力都有了回报。(reward；pay off)
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(Ⅱ)下面是李华的一篇作文，文中有五处错误，改正错误并背诵该文。
I was appointed to take charge collecting data in a company after graduated. I got the job due to my English major background.The job itself is challenged and it requires me that I should be very flexible.The manager told me to consult my colleagues in case of any difficulty.With their aid，I overcame many difficulties.Last month I was rewarded for my hard works.All my efforts paid for.
答案：
I was appointed to take charge collecting data in a company after . I got the job due to my English major background.The job itself is and it requires me that I should be very flexible.The manager told me to consult my colleagues in case of any difficulty.With their aid，I overcame many difficulties.Last month I was rewarded for my hard .All my efforts paid .
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犯罪
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必修5
BI XIU WU
Unit 14 Careers
》基础盘点自测自评
教材回顾·自主检测◆
考点串讲,重难突破
讲练结合·要点落实◆
Unit 14 Careers
课时练1 阅读理解提速练
[学生用书P298(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
(2019·长春质检)When the telephone rings late at night, most women guess it must be one of only four or five people calling. A sister? Maybe. An emergency? Possibly. A mother? Probably not at that time of night. Much more probably it is a close female friend calling to tell you that she is heartbroken because she has split__up with her boyfriend again or perhaps simply that a good movie has just started on TV.
At a time when families are spread far and wide and marriages often end in divorce, friendships are becoming more and more important. Erika, a 32?year?old lawyer, is strengthened by her ten?year friendship with her married friend Jane. “I was very sick one night, so I called Jane at about 3：00 a．m. to talk about it，” she says. “She was very supportive and even came over to take me to the doctor’s.”
As American TV shows like Friends have become more popular, many of us are beginning to see the value of such friendships. TV shows like this tell us that our romantic relationships may not last, but we need to keep in touch with our close friends if we want to survive.
With Erika’s family 200 miles away, it is Jane who keeps a spare set of keys to Erika’s apartment and waters her plants whenever she is away. “Having Jane around gives me a certain amount of freedom. It is not the kind of thing that you could ask anyone to do, but she knows I would do the same for her.” Jane, who may move to a different city soon, is worried about leaving such a support system of friends. “My friends have more to do with my life than my parents and, therefore, I don’t have to spend a lot of time explaining things to them. Friends are more up to date with what is happening.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文，以Erika与Jane的友谊和美剧Friends为例，讲述并论证友情十分重要的观点。
1．A late?night phone call for most women is probably from ________．
A．a relative B．a friend
C．a doctor D．a stranger
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，深夜给女性打电话的可能是一个朋友，故B项正确。
2．What does the underlined phrase “split up” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．Shown up. B．Picked up.
C．Broken up. D．Taken up.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句中的“Much more probably it is a close female friend calling to tell you that she is heartbroken because she has split__up with her boyfriend again”可知，更有可能的是，一位亲密的女性朋友打电话告诉你，她很伤心，因为她又和男友分手了，spilt up与break up意思相近，表示 “分手”，故C项正确。
3．According to the passage，we can learn that Erika ________．
A．is Jane’s male friend
B．treasures Jane’s friendship
C．has been married for 10 years
D．lives far away form Jane
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“My friends have more to do with my life than my parents and，therefore，I don’t have to spend a lot of time explaining things to them.”可知，Erika认为她的朋友比父母更多地参与她的生活，因此，她不需要花很多时间来向她们解释事情；据此可以判断，Erika很珍惜与Jane的友谊，故B项正确。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Friendship Counts
B．Friendship Demands Freedom
C．Friendship Needs Understanding
D．Friendship Strengthens Romance
A 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文以Erika与Jane的友谊和美剧Friends为例，讲述并论证友情十分重要的观点；故A项最能体现主题，适合作文章的标题。
B
(2019·江西百校联盟高三联考)The best family vacation that I ever had was going on a road trip to Myrtle Beach. The trip was for 2 weeks during the March break from school. This trip was probably about 20 years ago so it was before the time of things like portable video games and being able to watch movies in the back seat.
So to pass the many hours of travel my brother and I had to entertain ourselves and each other. My mum would set the back seat up so that it was our own little playroom. She would pack everything up so that we had a big level area to play in. We would play cards and board games.
When it got to the point where we__were__at__each__other’s__throats we would be sent back to our own side of the seat and would be forced to either nap or read by ourselves until we could be friendly to each other again. I can remember us playing for quite some time when we turned the back seat into a spaceship and traveled around the earth.
Another time we turned it into a kitchen and had a bakeoff(食品烘烤赛). But the thing that I remember the most and that gave us many hours of enjoyment was using each other’s faces as silly Plasticine (普莱斯蒂辛橡皮泥) and making funny faces. We would see how far we could stretch each other’s mouths open, see how thin we could make the other’s eye by pulling on it. We would keep going until one of us begged for mercy because we had to give our faces a rest.
So while I can remember us having a great time on the beach, laughing a lot trying to put the tent up in the rain, what I remember the most of that trip and what always makes me smile the most is remembering the pain that out faces would be in after the trip.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了小时候在没有电子游戏、不能在坐车时看电影的旅途中打发时间的方式。
5．What did the author do when traveling to Myrtle Beach?
A．Watch movies.
B．Play video games.
C．Have fun with his brother.
D．Pack things up to amuse himself.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“to pass the many hours of travel my brother and I had to entertain ourselves and each other”可知答案。
6．What does the author mean by saying“we were at each other’s throats”？
A．We were fighting with each other.
B．We used up our skills.
C．We were quite out of breath.
D．We were about to fall asleep.
A 解析：句意理解题。下文的“...until we could be friendly to each other again”说明画线部分的意思应为“互相打斗，激烈争吵”。
7．What impressed the author most during the trip?
A．Playing cards and board games.
B．Pulling each other’s faces and eyes.
C．Having a cooking competition.
D．Playing with silly Plasticine.
B 解析：推理判断题。由第四段中的“But the thing that I remember the most...hours of enjoyment was using each other’s faces...by pulling on it.”可知，旅途中作者印象最深的是和弟弟彼此拉对方的脸或者眼来做鬼脸。
8．Which of the following titles would best suit the passage?
A．An Unforgettable Family Travel
B．What Is the Most Meaningful Journey
C．The Good Old Days Never to Be Forgotten
D．How to Kill Time While Traveling in the Past
D 解析：标题归纳题。结合文章内容看，本文主要谈论的是在没有便携式游戏机、不能在后座看电影的情况下，作者一家去旅游时，作者在途中消遣的方式，故D项作本文标题最佳。
C
(2019·衡水中学高三大联考)Bob Dylan, born on May 24, 1941, is an American songwriter, singer, artist and writer. He has been influential in popular music and culture for more than five decades. Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when his songs showed social unrest. Early songs such as Blowin’ in the Wind and The Times They Are a?Changin’ promoted the American civil rights and anti?war movements.
Dylan’s songs include a wide range of political, social and literary influences. They challenged existing pop music conventions and appealed to the growing counterculture. His recording career, spanning more than 50 years, has explored the traditions in American song, from folk, blues, and country to rock ’n’ roll, and to English, Scottish, and Irish folk music, even jazz and the Great American Songbook. He has toured steadily since the late 1980s on what has been called the Never Ending Tour. His accomplishments as a recording artist and performer have been central to his career, but songwriting is considered his greatest contribution.
As a musician, Dylan has sold more than 100 million records, making him one of the bestselling artists of all time. He has also received numerous awards including eleven Grammy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award. The Pulitzer Prize jury in 2008 awarded him a special citation(引言) for his influence on popular music and American culture, marked by lyrical compositions of extraordinary poetic power. In May 2012, Dylan received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama. In 2016, Dylan received the Nobel Prize in Literature “for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition”．
【解题导语】 鲍勃·迪伦因为“在美国歌曲传统形式之上开创了以诗歌传情达意的新表现手法”而获得诺贝尔文学奖。文章介绍了他的作品以及他对流行音乐和美国文化的影响。
9．Which word best describes Dylan’s music according to Paragraph 2?
A．Various. B．Talented.
C．Personal. D．Popular.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的第一句以及下文中的“...has explored the traditions in American song, from folk, blues, and country to rock ’n’ roll, and to English, Scottish, and Irish folk music, even jazz and the Great American Songbook.” 可知，他的音乐作品涉及政治、社会和文学；他探索了美国歌曲的传统，从民谣、蓝调、乡村音乐、摇滚到英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰民间音乐，甚至还有爵士乐和《美国流行金曲簿》。由此可知，他的作品风格多种多样。故选A项。
10．What is Dylan better recognized as?
A．A performer. B．A singer.
C．An artist. D．A songwriter.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的最后一句可知，虽然歌手和演员一直是他的主要职业，但是他最伟大的贡献却是歌曲创作。故选D项。
11．What made Dylan get the Nobel Prize?
A．His poems about music.
B．His American song tradition.
C．His language style of the songs.
D．His influence on America culture.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的最后一句可知，他是因为“在美国歌曲传统形式之上开创了以诗歌传情达意的新表现手法”而获得了诺贝尔文学奖。故选C项。
D
(2019· 广州综合测试一)At first sight, Alma Deutscher, a thirteen?year?old girl from England appears to be like any other typical preteen. She loves to skip rope, read and play with her younger sister. But this modest youngster, who composed her first musical work at age six, first short opera at age seven, and first full?length opera based on Cinderella at age ten, is anything but average. Though her parents downplay her extraordinary talent, young Alma is being described as “little Mozart” by the music world.
Alma’s operatic take on the classic fairy tale, which she began writing at age eight, has a slight twist. Her Cinderella is a musician who meets her Prince Charming through a song. “In my Cinderella, she sings the beginning of a ballad—but at midnight she flees. Eventually, the prince finds her after asking all the maidens of the land to sing the end of the ballad.”
The opera was first performed in Vienna, Austria on December 29, 2016, where the then eleven?year?old skillfully switched between the piano and the violin and received enthusiastic reviews. The young genius has since performed two new piano works, once in Australia and the other in China.
While this may appear to be a lot for someone so young，Alma is not worried. She says, “Of course I have to work hard.But all children have to work hard for exams, and at least when I work hard, I work hard for something incredibly exciting, like seeing my whole opera put on stage.”
Alma’s musical talent first came to light before she could even talk. Her parents recall that as an 18?month?old toddler，she was able to hum a pitch perfect version of the children’s rhyme Twinkle Twinkle Little Star.
However, Alma’s abilities only gained international attention in 2012, after a family friend posted a video online comparing her to Mozart. The family was suddenly swamped with media requested and Alma became an overnight star, dubbed “little Mozart”. This nickname makes her parents unhappy because they believe it puts added pressure on the young girl. They would instead prefer her to be called “a composer and musician”．
Alma does not want to be compared to the famous artist either, saying “There was only one Mozart, and I prefer to be little Alma.” Regardless of what she calls herself, the thirteen?year?old is changing the world of music forever!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。13岁的Alma很有音乐天赋，18个月时就能哼唱《一闪一闪小星星》，6岁时创作了她的第一部音乐作品，7岁时创作了第一部短歌剧，被人们誉为“小莫扎特”。
12．What do we know about Alma Deutscher?
A．She comes from a famous musical family.
B．She showed a great musical talent from a young age.
C．She regularly performs the classical music of Mozart.
D．She has adapted some famous works of classical music.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句“But this modest youngster，who composed her first musical work at age six，first short opera at age seven，and first full?length opera based on Cinderella at age ten，is anything but average.”可知，Alma Deutscher从小就显示出了惊人的音乐天赋，故B项正确。
13．How did Alma get to be widely known?
A．Through an online video.
B．By performing on television.
C．By putting on an opera.
D．Through her parents’ promotion.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第六段的第一句可知，2012年Alma家的一位朋友在网上发布了一个视频，将Alma比作莫扎特；此后她的能力受到了国际关注，故A项正确。
14．What is Alma’s attitude towards her success?
A．She is still unsatisfied with her performance.
B．She is uncomfortable with so much pressure.
C．She is modest about her musical achievements.
D．She is proud to have become a professional musician.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的第一句可知，在人们将她比作莫扎特时，Alma不愿和这位著名的音乐家相提并论，她认为世界上只有一个莫扎特，而她更喜欢人们叫她 “小Alma”；据此可以判断，面对人们的赞誉和自己的成功，Alma很谦虚，故C项正确。
15．What can we infer about Alma’s parents?
A．They are very well?educated people.
B．They are protective of their daughter.
C．They have pushed Alma to take up music.
D．They have made a good life plan for Alma.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第六段中的“The family was suddenly swamped with media requested and Alma became an overnight star，dubbed‘little Mozart’．This nickname makes her parents unhappy because they believe it puts added pressure on the young girl. They would instead prefer her to be called‘a composer and musician’．”可知，Alma一夜成名，被誉为“小莫扎特”，但这个绰号让她的父母不高兴，因为他们认为这会给这个小女孩带来额外的压力，他们宁愿她被称为“作曲家和音乐家”。据此可以判断，Alma的父母是爱护她的，故B项正确。
七选五
(2019·东北三省四市模拟)Imagine that you’re an actor or actress performing in a play for the first time. You’ve learned all your lines and you know where to walk on stage. Waiting behind the closed curtain, you can hear the audience whispering. Then your big moment arrives! The curtain goes up, and the crowd falls silent. All you can see is the spotlight shining down on you. 1.________ The inside of your mouth is dry, and your hands are wet.
If you’ve experienced a moment like this, you know all too well what it means to have stage fright. It’s one of the most common types of fear. 2.________ You can experience this kind of fear when playing sports, giving a talk, or even speaking in class.
3．________ The experience differs from person to person, but the same chemical process occurs on each of us. In reaction to anxiety, our bodies produce a chemical that prepares us to either fight or run away quickly. Scientists refer to this as our bodies’ “ fight for fright” reaction. As a result, we feel the great energy that makes our hands sweat, our hearts race and knees shake.
4．________ Practicing your performance and following some simple tips can help you calm down and manage the feelings caused by anxiety. Firstly, dress comfortably and appropriately. Secondly, before the performance, take deep breaths and stretch to help relax your body. Thirdly, stay away from drinks that contain caffeine(咖啡因). 5.________ Instead，try a banana! Some doctors believe that eating a banana can help calm your heart and the rest of your body. Finally, when you look into a crowd, try to focus on particular people rather than the whole group. These tips have helped many people learn to deal with their fears.
A．They might make your heart race even faster.
B．Maybe you don’t have to be onstage to get stage fright.
C．Stage fright is really part of the body’s reaction to stress.
D．With practice, we can learn how to relax while playing sports.
E．Then you try to speak your lines, but nothing seems to come out.
F．There’s a time when stage fright prevents you from stepping onstage.
G．However, the good news about stage fright is that there are ways to deal with it.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了人们经常会经历的舞台恐惧及应对舞台恐惧的几种方法。
1．E 解析：上文提到了站在舞台上的所听所见，下文提到了舞台恐惧的表现，所以中间连接句也应是在舞台上的表现，所以选E项。
2．B 解析：下文提到在参加体育运动、演讲甚至在课堂上发言都可能会经历这种恐惧，所以空处应讲的是有时这种恐惧不一定只出现在舞台上，所以选B项。
3．C 解析：本段讲的是舞台恐惧产生的过程及身体对压力的反应，所以空处应该解释舞台恐惧与身体反应的联系，所以选C项。
4．G 解析：下文讲的是应对舞台恐惧的方法，所以空处应统领本段内容，所以选G项。
5．A 解析：上文提到要远离含有咖啡因的饮料，下文应该陈述原因，所以选A项。
课时练2 知识运用板块练
[学生用书P301(单独成册)]
完形填空
(2019·济南高考模拟)On a recent trip to California, I was introduced to Smile Cards. I promised myself to __1__ an act of kindness before I left California. I __2__ thinking about it but I didn’t know what to do.
I reached the airport and the __3__ was about to begin when I saw an ice cream store. I went in and told the guy at the store that I __4__ to do an act of kindness. The guy, named Jose, looked confused. __5__ I explained I had just attended a conference, where I was told Smile Cards and __6__ to do an act of kindness. Jose showed __7__. I told Jose, “Whoever is your next __8__， treat them to some ice cream and then give them this Smile Card.” Jose __9__ read the card and agreed with a smile that was both grateful and __10__ at the same time.
Since this was my first time, I wanted to know the __11__ of the receiver. “Jose, I have to catch a __12__， but here is my cell phone number. Would you be __13__ enough to call me and tell me the person’s reaction？” He __14__．
I went to my gate, and as I was about to board, Jose __15__， “I did the act of kindness. The person was very __16__， and asked me to express thanks to the person who paid for it！” I again thanked Jose and boarded the flight feeling __17__．
I really want to __18__ this practice of kindness. I am a professor and I love my work __19__ it makes a difference in the lives of others. And now, I realize that I can do that everywhere. The whole world is my __20__．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者受 “微笑卡” 的启发请别人免费吃冰激凌的故事。作者内心感到骄傲，并打算继续做这种善事。
1．A.start B．find
C．prove D．explain
A 解析：根据第一段中的“but I didn’t know what to do”及第三段中的“Since this was my first time”可知，作者以前没有做过这样的善事，因此作者决定离开加利福尼亚之前开始做善事，故选A项。
2．A.practiced B．enjoyed
C．tried D．kept
D 解析：作者老是想这件事，但不知道怎么做。keep doing sth.意为“继续做某事，重复做某事”，故选D项。
3．A.working B．boarding
C．shopping D．booking
B 解析：根据第四段中的“I went to my gate, and as I was about to board”及 “I again thanked Jose and boarded the flight feeling ______．”可知，作者抵达飞机场并且马上就要登机了，这时作者看见一家冰激凌店。boarding意为“登机，上船”，故选B项。
4．A.managed B．chose
C．wanted D．forgot
C 解析：根据上文可知，作者一直想做善事，因此作者走进这个冰激凌店，告诉店员他想做善事。故选C项。
5．A.Then B．Again
C．Yet D．Anyhow
A 解析：根据空前的“The guy, named Jose, looked confused.”可知，冰激凌店的店员不太明白作者的意思，因此作者得给他解释一下，前后句为顺承的关系，应用Then，故选A项。
6．A.forced B．ordered
C．allowed D．inspired
D 解析：根据上文中的“On a recent trip to California, I was introduced to Smile Cards. I promised myself to ______ an act of kindness before I left California.”可知，作者是受到 “微笑卡” 的启发决定做善事的。inspire意为“激励，鼓舞”，故选D项。
7．A.relief B．interest
C．satisfaction D．delight
B 解析：句意：Jose表现出了兴趣。relief “减轻，宽慰”；interest “兴趣”；satisfaction “满足”；delight “高兴”。故选B项。
8．A.visitor B．assistant
C．customer D．friend
C 解析：作者告诉Jose: “无论谁是你的下一位顾客，请他们吃些冰激凌并且给他们这个微笑卡。” customer意为“顾客”，故选C项。
9．A.curiously B．calmly
C．politely D．nervously
A 解析：由上文可推知，冰激凌店店员Jose并不了解 “微笑卡”，因此会好奇地读这张卡片。curiously “好奇地”；calmly “镇静地”；politely “礼貌地”；nervously “紧张地”。故选A项。
10．A.annoyed B．tired
C．frightened D．confused
D 解析：根据上文并结合选项可知，Jose好奇地读了这张卡片，带着感激和困惑的微笑同意了。annoyed “恼怒的，烦恼的”；tired “累的”；frightened “害怕的”；confused “困惑的”。故选D项。
11．A.reply B．reaction
C．expression D．decision
B 解析：根据下文中的“Would you be ______ enough to call me and tell me the person’s reaction？”可知，作者想知道接受者的反应。reaction意为“反应”，故选B项。
12．A.bus B．train
C．flight D．taxi
C 解析：根据上文中的“I reached the airport and the ______ was about to begin”及下文中的“I again thanked Jose and boarded the flight feeling ______．”可知，作者要赶飞机。catch a flight意为“赶上飞机”，故选C项。
13．A.kind B．brave
C．wise D．reliable
A 解析：句意：劳烦你给我打电话并告诉我这个人的反应好吗？Would you be kind enough to do sth.? “劳烦您做某事好吗？”为习惯用法。故选A项。
14．A.refused B．agreed
C．sighed D．failed
B 解析：根据下文Jose给作者打电话的内容 “I did the act of kindness. The person was very ______， and asked me to express thanks to the person who paid for it！”可知，Jose同意了给作者打电话。故选B项。
15．A.arrived B．shouted
C．appeared D．called
D 解析：根据上文中的“Would you be ______ enough to call me and tell me the person’s reaction？”可知，作者请求Jose给他打电话，因此这里指Jose打来电话了，故选D项。
16．A.happy B．active
C．special D．clever
A 解析：根据本句中的“and asked me to express thanks to the person who paid for it”可知，接受者想向为冰激凌付款的人表示感谢，因此可以推断接受者非常高兴，故选A项。
17．A.safe B．lucky
C．proud D．energetic
C 解析：作者再次感谢Jose并且自豪地登上了飞机。safe “安全的”；lucky “幸运的”；proud “自豪的”；energetic “精力充沛的”。故选C项。
18．A.introduce B．describe
C．explore D．continue
D 解析：作者真的想要继续做这种善事。根据下文中的“And now, I realize that I can do that everywhere.”可知，作者觉得在任何地方都可以做这样的善事，由此推知作者想继续做善事。故选D项。
19．A.once B．because
C．if D．though
B 解析：作者是一个教授，他爱他的工作，因为它可以在其他人的生活中产生影响。前后为因果关系，应用表示因果关系的连词because，故选B项。
20．A.homeland B．battlefield
C．playground D．mainland
C 解析：根据空前一句“And now, I realize that I can do that everywhere.”可知，作者觉得在任何地方都可以做这样的善事。playground意为“活动场所”，故选C项。
语法填空
According to data from population reports and statistics made by the World Bank, Japanese people in 2013 1.____________ (live), on average, to 83 years old, and the country itself ranks 2.____________ the top five nations with the longest life expectancy(预期寿命)．
3．____________ major contributor to Japan’s high life expectancy and overall health is their diet, as determined by the country’s Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.
According to a recent study 4.____________ (publish) by the BMJ, Japanese people 5.____________ kept on the traditional Japanese diet during the 15?year study had a mortality rate(死亡率) 15% lower than those who did not. Further, those who 6.____________ keep were also 7.____________ (little) likely to suffer from some diseases.
Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare 8.____________ (break) the traditional Japanese diet down in their version of the food pyramid, called the “Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top”. Though the Japanese diet gives special 9.____________ (important) to high intakes of fish and soybean products instead of fats, it is 10.____________ (general) a balance of grains, vegetables, fish and meat, and milk and fruits. However, the guide also includes snacks, sweets, cakes and alcoholic drinks, which can be consumed in control, rather than completely rejected.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇调查报告。日本位居预期寿命最长的五个国家之首，饮食是日本人长寿的主要原因，本文主要分析了日本传统饮食的特点以及国家对国民饮食的指导。
1．lived 解析：考查动词的时态。根据时间状语 “in 2013”可知，谓语动词应用一般过去时。故填lived。
2．on/among 解析：考查介词。句意为：日本人2013年的平均寿命是83岁，位居预期寿命最长的五个国家之首。on the top 意为“在顶部”；此句也可理解为：位居预期寿命最长的五个国家当中，用among。故填on/among。
3．A 解析：考查冠词。空格处修饰名词“contributor”，表示泛指，应用不定冠词；且major的读音以辅音音素开头。故填A。注意首字母大写。
4．published 解析：考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语“study”与“publish”之间构成被动关系，因此应用所给词的过去分词形式作后置定语。故填 published。
5．who/that 解析：考查定语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为“Japanese people”指人，从句中缺少主语。故填 who/that。
6．did 解析：考查谓语动词的强调结构。根据上文中的“had”和“did not”可知，此处应用一般过去时，对谓语动词表示强调应借助于助动词did。故填 did。
7．less 解析：考查副词的比较级。根据句意及上文中的“lower”可知，此处应用形容词little的比较形式。故填less。
8．breaks 解析：考查动词的时态。本句主语是“Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare”，故谓语动词应用单数形式。本段叙述的是客观事实，故时态主要是一般现在时。故填breaks。
9．importance 解析：考查词性转换。形容词“special”应修饰名词。故填important的名词形式importance。
10．generally 解析：考查词性转换。根据语境可知，日本饮食通常也是谷类、蔬菜类、鱼类、肉类以及牛奶和水果的一个平衡。generally意为“通常”，在句中作状语。故填generally。
课时练3 语法写作增分练
[学生用书P302(单独成册)]
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分 45分)
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2019·江西赣中南五校高三第一次联考)The World Health Organization(WHO) has made an appeal to scientists，drug manufacturers and governments.The WHO wants them to work together 61.____________(develop) drugs to fight 12 bacteria.These bacteria 62.____________(be) able to resist 63.____________(power) antibiotic(抗生素) drugs.The resistance is so unusually strong that all the 12 bacteria have been given a special name “superbug”．
The United Nations agency reported this week the 12 superbugs are a threat to human 64.____________(healthy)．It said they have 65.____________ability to easily turn treatable infections into killers.The WHO says superbugs can also pass along genetic material 66.____________helps other bacteria become resistant to drug treatment.
Marie?Paule Kieny is the Assistant Director?General at the WHO.She said，“Antibiotic resistance is growing and we are fast running out 67.____________treatment options.”She urged governments to give drug companies reasons to develop new treatments.“If we leave it to market forces alone，the new antibiotics we most 68.____________(urgent) need are not going to be developed in time，”she said.
Antibiotic drugs can lose their effectiveness when people take more or less than the amount 69.____________(require) by doctors.When this happens，infections that 70.____________(treat) at one time easily become resistant.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了世界卫生组织呼吁开发新的药物，以应对超级病菌对人类健康的威胁。
61．to develop 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语，故填to develop。
62．are 解析：考查动词时态。此处表示客观的陈述，故用一般现在时；结合空前的“These bacteria”可知，应填are。
63．powerful 解析：考查形容词。此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词短语，故填形容词powerful。
64．health 解析：考查名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动词?ing 形式作宾语。human health 意为“人类健康”，作介词to的宾语。
65．the 解析：考查冠词。ability被不定式短语“to easily turn treatable infections into killers”所修饰，表示特指，故用定冠词the修饰。
66．that/which 解析：考查定语从句。that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词genetic material。
67．of 解析：考查介词。固定搭配run out of 意为“用完”，故填介词of。
68．urgently 解析：考查副词。副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。故此处应用副词urgently修饰动词need。
69．required 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，require和amount之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
70．were treated 解析：考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语“at one time”可知，treat 所表示的动作发生在过去，且动词treat和infections是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2019·石家庄教学质检二)When I was in high school, I wanted to get a scholarship to a university. I liked singing, so I try out for a scholarship for music. But I failed to get one. I was real upset. I felt like failure. I just kept feeling sorry for me. However, after a few day, I decided not to let one single loss to keep me from doing what I love. But I cheered up and devoted myself to sing again. I think that accepting failure is that we need to do first before we success eventually.
答案：
When I was in high school, I wanted to get a scholarship to a university. I liked singing, so I out for a scholarship for music. But I failed to get one. I was upset. I felt like failure. I just kept feeling sorry for . However, after a few ， I decided not to let one single loss keep me from doing what I love. I cheered up and devoted myself to again. I think that accepting failure is we need to do first before we eventually.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
(2019·河北五个一名校联考)假定你是李华，最近收到了你的英国朋友Jacob的来信，得知他已被剑桥大学(the University of Cambridge)录取。请你写信向他表示祝贺，并就你在大学专业选择上遇到的困惑征求他的意见。内容包括：
1．向Jacob表示祝贺；
2．谈谈你在大学专业选择上的困惑；
3．向对方征求意见和建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Jacob，
How is everything going? I’m glad to receive your letter and know you’ve been admitted to the University of Cambridge. I’m writing to offer my warmest congratulations.
I am now in the process of university application, struggling with which major to choose. I’m a science student in high school, so I’m supposed to choose majors related to science and engineering. But the problems are that I’m not sure where my interest lies and which majors have a bright prospect that can ensure me a good job. Do you have any suggestions on the choice of a major?
I would appreciate it if you could share your opinions with me. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
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