Unit 15 Learning
[学生用书P113]
单句语法填空
1．Would you please make up a topic worth ____________(discuss) at tomorrow’s meeting?
答案：discussing
2．The company was deeply in debt and some employees were laid ____________．
答案：off
3．The man was suspected of ____________(give) away the secret to our enemy.
答案：giving
4．I am working on the ____________(assume) that the money will come through on time.
答案：assumption
5．The student who cheats in the examination will be given a severe ____________(punish)．
答案：punishment
6．If I ____________(know) your trouble then，I would have helped you out.
答案：had known
7．I should say your secretary is ____________(lack) in responsibility.
答案：lacking
8．What can we do to urge the lazy children ____________(work) hard at school?
答案：to work
9．The film ____________(adapt) from a real person is very popular with young people.
答案：adapted
10．It was the first time that I ____________(visit) a city far away from my hometown.
答案：had visited
单句改错
1．Lacking of money，the man couldn’t buy a house for his old parents.____________________
答案：去掉of
2．He is said to be suspected having stolen the money now.____________________
答案：suspected后加of
3．The computer system gave the user quick and easy access for the information.____________________
答案：for→to
4．We all agree that what he has done is worth to be praised.____________________
答案：worth→worthy
5．If she arrived a little earlier，she would have met the star yesterday.____________________
答案：在第一个she后加had
单元语法——虚拟语气(Ⅱ)
单句语法填空
1．(2017·北京卷)If the new safety system ____________(put) to use, the accident would never have happened.
答案：had been put
2．If I ____________(work) harder at college，I wouldn’t be living a poor life now.
答案：had worked
3．If she ____________(take) my advice，she wouldn’t have failed in the exam.
答案：had taken
4．I wish he ____________(give) up the bad habit to live a healthier life from now on.
答案：gave
5．He suggested that we ____________(leave) that small factory to receive more education.
答案：(should) leave
教材与语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nowadays，there are more and more people 1.____________ are continuing to study to improve themselves.Here are several examples.2.____________(fail) in the college entrance exam，Sun Wen took up studying 3.____________ a degree in the evenings and on weekends while keeping a full?time job.Now Sun is about 4.____________(graduate) with a Bachelor’s Degree and he is getting promoted because of the new 5.____________(qualify)．Laid off from the company，Ms Tang was filled with anger and sadness.At first，she enjoyed 6.____________(be) a full?time housewife，7.____________ soon she got bored.Now she has learned so many new skills 8.____________ she is prepared to set up her own company.Grandpa Chen is 75 years old，but he is still teaching 9.____________(he) new tricks every day.He has learned how 10.____________(use) the Internet and now he’s doing an English course on the Internet.
答案：1.who 2.Having failed 3.for 4.to graduate
5．qualification 6.being 7.but 8.that 9.himself
10．to use
话题知识与写作
(Ⅰ)根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文。
1. 升入大学后，我要做些改变以尽快适应新环境。(get accustomed to)
2．我希望在学习方法方面得到老师们的指导；我会遵守学校的制度，埋头学习。(instruct；obey；bury)
3．我会经常在课堂上提出自己的见解。(put forward)
4．总之，我要做个好学生，希望将来取得杰出的成就。(in conclusion；outstanding)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(Ⅱ)下面是李华的一篇作文，文中有五处错误，改正错误并背诵该文。
After entering college, I must make some change to get accustomed the new environment as soon as possible and I expect that the teachers will instruct me in my way of learning. I will obey the rules but I will be buried in the studying my lessons. I will often put forward my suggestions in class. In conclude, I will be an excellent student in order to get outstanding achievements.
答案：
After entering college, I must make some to get accustomed the new environment as soon as possible and I expect that the teachers will instruct me in my way of learning. I will obey the rules I will be buried in studying my lessons. I will often put forward my suggestions in class. In ， I will be an excellent student in order to get outstanding achievements.
PAGE
4
反射
反映；表达
思考
映出
必修5
BI XIU WU
Unit 15 Learning
》基础盘点自测自评
教材回顾·自主检测◆
考点串讲,重难突破
讲练结合·要点落实◆
Unit 15 Learning
课时练1 阅读理解提速练
[学生用书P303(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
(2019·湖南部分重点中学考前演练)
WELCOME TO THE RONALD REAGAN
PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Visit the limited－time “Interactive! The Exhibition” at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum and save more than 30% on museum admission tickets with an audio tour.
WHEN
Through Feb. 28
WHAT’S INCLUDED
$ 19(reg. $ 28)．.. Admission for one person to the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum, including “Interactive! The Exhibition”with an audio tour. Please note: the virtual reality(虚拟现实) experience will be an additional cost and participants must be 10 years old or above.
WHY WE LOVE IT
?The exhibition is a hands－on experience focusing on movies, TV, music and the arts
?Experience virtual reality, 1980s video games, robots, 3D printing
?Climb aboard Air Force One, view the expensive comfortable presidential car and a Marine One helicopter
?Explore Reagan’s legacy(遗产)：Step into an Oval Office copy and see a piece of the Berlin Wall
?The audio tour has more than 50 stops and original material not copied in the exhibits
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
This is a season－specific event. All sales are final. No refunds(退款) or exchanges. Not valid after the expiration date. Valid any regular museum operating day through Feb. 28. Museum hours are 10 a．m.－5 p．m., seven days a week. Valid for one person. Cannot combine with other offers. Must use in one visit. Tickets include admission to “Interactive! The Exhibition” and the entire museum’s galleries and grounds.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文，介绍了罗纳德·里根总统图书馆和博物馆的开放时间、游览内容、票价优惠等信息。
1．What can visitors do while visiting the library and museum?
A．Fly on Air Force One.
B．Experience virtual reality for free.
C．Approach technology of different times.
D．Learn about the president’s daily routine.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据WHY WE LOVE IT部分中的“Experience virtual reality, 1980s video games, robots, 3D printing”可知，在参观该地时，游客可以体验虚拟现实、20世纪80年代的电子游戏、机器人、3D打印，即他们可以体验不同时期的科技。故选C。
2．What does the author say about the admission ticket?
A．It can be enjoyed with other offers.
B．It allows limitless visits to the museum.
C．It isn’t accessible to children.
D．It cannot be changed once sold.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“All sales are final. No refunds(退款) or exchanges.”可知，所有的门票出售都是最终的、不可改变的，不提供退款或更换服务。故选D。
3．What type of writing is this passage?
A．A notice.
B．An official report.
C．An advertisement.
D．A tour review.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据文章的形式和内容可以判断出，本文是有关罗纳德·里根总统图书馆和博物馆的广告。故选C。
B
(2019·武汉武昌区调研)Every now and then, a product comes along that proves itself a complete game?changer, as is the case with a new British brand and invention, Eyejusters—the reading glasses that you can focus yourself—for less than ￡70!
With 6 in 10 people wearing glasses in the UK, those with perfect vision are increasingly in the minority. And of those who do require glasses, many find themselves requiring two or three pairs of glasses in order to complete different tasks throughout the day. As well as being an added expense on__top__of everything else, this also means carrying around (and trying not to lose) those extra pairs!
Eyejusters allow you to instantly change the lens(镜片) strength of your glasses with hidden dials, tucked just inside the frames themselves. Eyejusters work by the wearer simply turning the concealed eyeDials to change the focus to fit your needs. The lenses adjust from＋0.00 to＋3.00D． They also have anti?scratch technology and are lightweight in design so you aren’t paying the price of comfort for convenience.
The creator of Eyejusters, Owen Reading—who came up with the idea for Eyejusters with friend David Crosby, who studied physics at Oxford with him, explained, “Lots of people need reading glasses but they need glasses with lots of different strength. They might have a pair with＋1 prescription?strength lenses for the computer，＋2s for reading and＋3s for really close?up stuff. Eyejusters replace the need for multiple pairs of reading glasses, by covering the whole range from zero to＋3, which is the strongest you will find in over?the?counter products.”
He added, “If you wear reading glasses, these are a much more flexible alternative. You can put them on and just turn the dial until what you want to see comes into focus. They are much like using binoculars(双筒望远镜)．”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种视力调节器，人们可以调整镜片焦距以达到不同的目的。
4．Which has the closest meaning to the underlined part “on top of” in Para. 2?
A．Joan stays on top of the news by reading newspapers.
B．A submarine can run under water as well as on top of water.
C．When I turned the corner, I was right on top of the post office.
D．He promised to help us and on top of that he lent us many books.
D 解析：词义猜测题。画线部分上文讲的是，很多人需要两三副眼镜来完成不同的任务，而画线部分所在句子“As well as being an added expense on__top__of everything else, this also means carrying around(and trying not to lose) those extra pairs！”是说这不但是一笔额外的费用，还意味着到哪里都要带着额外的眼镜(还得注意别把它们弄丢了)。由此可以推断，on top of的意思是“除……之外”，所以D项表达的含义与画线部分最接近。
5．Eyejusters are popular for the following reasons EXCEPT their ________．
A．new brand B．anti?scratch technology
C．light weight D．low price
A 解析：细节理解题。此题可用排除法。题干中的关键词是popular与EXCEPT，这就需要找到文中提到的视力调节器的几个优点，并逐一排除。根据第一段最后的“for less than ￡70”可知，它的价格低，排除D项；根据第三段最后一句中的“They also have anti?scratch technology and are lightweight in design so you aren’t paying the price of comfort for convenience.”可知，它有抗抓痕技术，还很轻便，排除B项和C项。故选A项。
6．How can you make Eyejusters serve different purposes?
A．By folding glasses.
B．By adjusting lenses.
C．By combining glasses.
D．By changing lenses.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段首句“Eyejusters allow you to instantly change the lens(镜片) strength of your glasses with hidden dials, tucked just inside the frames themselves.”可知，人们通过调整镜片的焦距来达到不同的目的，所以选B。
7．Who need Eyejusters most according to Owen Reading?
A．People having perfect vision.
B．People wearing reading glasses.
C．People changing glasses constantly.
D．People preferring comfortable glasses.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，为了完成一天之内不同的任务，很多人需要两三副眼镜。Eyejusters这种新型的眼镜正好可以弥补这个缺陷，可以通过调整镜片焦距来达到不同的目的，所以选C。
C
(2019·长春质监)Can exercise during childhood protect you against memory loss many decades later？Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain, in rats at least.
“This is an animal study, but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very important—not just for physical development, but for the whole lifelong track of cognitive(认知的) development during ageing，” says Martin Wojtowicz of the University of Toronto, Canada. “In humans, it may delay the appearance of Alzheimer’s disease(阿尔茨海默病), possibly to the point of preventing it.”
Wojtowicz’s team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups, and placed running wheels in the cages of one group for a period of six weeks. Around four months later—when the rats had reached middle age—the team taught all the rats to connect an electric shock with being in a specific box. When placed in the box, they froze with fear.
Two weeks later, the team tested the rats in three situations：exactly the same box in the same room, the same box with the room arranged differently, and a completely different box in a different room.
The rats without access to a running wheel when they were young now froze the same percentage of times in each of these situations, suggesting they couldn’t remember which one was dangerous. But those that had been able to run in their youth froze 40 to 50 percent less in both changed box settings.
“The results suggest the amount of physical activity when we’re young, at least for rats, has influence on the brain and cognitive health—in the form of better memories—when we’re older，” says Arthur Kramer of Northeastern University in Boston, who has found that, in humans, exercise promotes the growth of new brain cells.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项科学研究，从而得出早期锻炼对大脑终身有好处的结论。
8．The study shows that________．
A．physical activity is important for physical health
B．using the running wheels is of benefit to the rats’ growth
C．physical activity can prevent humans’ Alzheimer’s disease
D．the more exercise a rat has when young，the better memory it will possess when older
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容尤其是第二句“Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain，in rats at least.”可知，早期锻炼似乎对大脑终身有好处，至少对老鼠来说是这样的。故选D项。
9．How are Paragraph 3 and 4 mainly developed?
A．By analyzing causes.
B．By giving an example.
C．By describing the process.
D．By showing differences.
C 解析：写作手法题。根据第三段的“Wojtowicz’s team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups...Around four months later...they froze with fear.”和第四段的“Two weeks later，the team tested the rats in three situations”可知，本文第三、四段描述了Wojtowicz的研究小组对老鼠进行实验的过程。C项意为“通过描述过程”，故选C项。
10．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Exercise. B．Development.
C．Benefit. D．Study.
A 解析：代词指代题。根据第二段的“but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very important”及“In humans，it may delay the appearance of Alzheimer’s disease(阿尔茨海默病)”可知，身体活动很重要，对人类来说，它可能会推迟阿尔茨海默病的出现。因此“it”在文中指的是“physical activity”，A项与其同义，故选A项。
11．What is the author’s attitude towards the animal study?
A．Negative. B．Objective.
C．Critical. D．Doubtful.
B 解析：观点态度题。通读全文可知，作者介绍了对老鼠进行实验的过程及其结果，并引用数据进行说明，由此可知作者对动物研究的态度是很客观的。B项意为“客观的”，故选B项。
D
(2019·云南质检)In a science fiction future, we’ll arrive at the hotel in our driverless taxi，check in at the reception desk staffed by androids, and then follow the robot porter(行李员) as it carries our bags to our room.
However, this is already a science fact.
Robots are already working in some hotels—the Henn?na Hotel in Sasebo，Japan is manned entirely by machines.
In a Marriott hotel in Ghent, Belgium, a humanoid robot named Mario has been working since June 2015. He welcomes guests in 19 languages.
Another robot has just taken up a concierge(接待员) position at a Hilton McLean hotel in Virginia.
So the rise of the hotel machines seems unstoppable, but will guests really want to stay in robot?run hotels? And will it come at the cost of human interaction and human jobs?
U．S.online booking company Travelzoo gathered some statistics. Of the 6，000 travelers surveyed globally, nearly two thirds said they’d be comfortable with the idea of being looked after by machines.
Richard Singer, Travelzoo’s European president, says he welcomes the day when apps and machines will get us from lobbies(大堂) to rooms.
But how to stop a robot stealing your job?
“A lot of jobs considered non?automatable in the past are now automatable，” said Carl Benedikt Frey from University of Oxford, an expert on technology and employment.
But Frey says it’s still too early to say what effect robots will have on employment levels.
In other words, even though robots may soon be checking us in, that’s no excuse for us to be out.
【解题导语】 在宾馆服务的机器人以往只出现在科幻小说中，而如今这种机器人已经存在于现实生活中。这种机器人的服务被大部分顾客所接受。
12．Three hotels are mentioned in the text to show that ________．
A．robots are already working in hotels in reality
B．many common jobs can be done by robots
C．robots can really help people check into hotels
D．there are now some restaurants run by robots
A 解析：写作意图题。根据第三段的“Robots are already working in some hotels”并结合文中介绍的三个由机器人提供服务的宾馆可以判断，文中提及这三个宾馆是为了说明在现实中，机器人已经在宾馆工作了，故A项正确。
13．The company Travelzoo found out that ________．
A．robots will put hotel employees out of work
B．robots still have a long way to go to replace humans
C．the hotel robots are mostly well?received
D．some hotel jobs can be automatable
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第七段的“nearly two thirds said they’d be comfortable with the idea of being looked after by machines”可知，有近三分之二的客户认为由机器人照顾他们是自在的；据此可知，Travelzoo公司的调查结果是宾馆机器人得到了大部分顾客的好评，故C项正确。
14．What is Richard Singer’s attitude towards using robots in hotels?
A．Doubtful. B．Positive.
C．Negative. D．Cautious.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第八段“Richard Singer...says he welcomes the day when apps and machines will get us from lobbies(大堂) to rooms.”可知，Richard Singer欢迎机器人取代人的工作；据此可以判断，Richard Singer对宾馆机器人持积极的态度，故B项正确。
15．Which of the following can be the best title of the text?
A．Japan Opens World’s First Robot Hotel
B．Our Next Hotel Will Be Staffed by Robots
C．How to Compete with Robots for a Job
D．How Guests React to Robot Service
B 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文首段通过介绍科幻小说中提及的在宾馆服务的机器人来引出本文的话题；接着介绍在现实生活中已经有三个宾馆使用了机器人；最后介绍对宾馆机器人服务的评价及其优点；据此可以判断，B项最适合作本文标题。
七选五
(2019· 新疆维吾尔自治区适应性检测)
Choices Contribute to Success
The direction of our lives is determined by the choices we make every day. The following choices will contribute to personal success along with the ability to achieve financial freedom.
Choose to be positive
A positive mental attitude will put you miles ahead of your peers. 1.________. It is more valuable than skills. Choose a positive attitude and things will start to work for you.
2．________
If you don’t know what your bad habits are, your friends and family can always tell you. Take the big ones first, then make every effort to break them and always replace them with new positive ones.
Choose to work smarter
Many people think their lives are out of balance and that they don’t have enough time to do everything they want to. 3.________. Therefore, learning some good time management techniques, such as setting up a schedule and sticking to it, will make your life flow better.
Choose to give your work a sense of purpose
Helping and encouraging other people will not only make your life be more meaningful, but it will also make you earn more money. If you put your efforts into helping others, then the financial part of life takes care of itself. 4.________.
Choose to sow more than you harvest
5．________， but our lives will be better as we become givers and serve the world as givers. You want to learn to become unselfish with yourself and learn to give your time, your money, and, of course, your love.
A．Choose to break a bad habit
B．Choose to treat friends right
C．There are many takers in this world
D．Your attitude determines your altitude
E．Not all the people in the world are selfish by nature
F．Spend your time helping others grow and your finances will grow with it
G．Above all, you need to be aware of the time that you might be wasting by doing fruitless activities
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些有助于获得成功的选择。
1．D 解析：根据本段的小标题可知，本段的主题是 “选择积极乐观”。再根据空前一句“积极乐观的心态会让你超越你的同伴”可知，D项 “你的态度决定你的高度” 与上下文语意衔接且承接下文，故选D。
2．A 解析：结合本文的结构与本空所在的位置可知，空处为本段的小标题。根据其他段落的小标题为祈使句“Choose to...” 的句式结构可知，本题的答案也应该是同样的句式，故应从选项A和B中进行选择，而本段内容与努力改掉坏习惯有关，故选A。
3．G 解析：本段主要讲选择更聪明的工作。空处前一句说很多人认为他们的生活失去了平衡，并且他们没有足够的时间去做他们想做的事情。G项 “最重要的是，你需要知道你可能做了些无意义的活动从而浪费了自己的时间” 与空后一句衔接紧密，故选G。
4．F 解析：上文提到 “帮助并且鼓励别人不仅使你的生活更加有意义，而且也会使你赚更多的钱”。F项 “花时间帮助别人成长，那么你的收入也会随之增加” 与之呼应。故F项符合语境。
5．C 解析：根据本段的小标题可知，本段主要讲要选择播种而不是收获。C项中的takers与空后的givers形成鲜明的对比，且衔接紧密，故选C。
课时练2 知识运用板块练
[学生用书P306(单独成册)]
完形填空
(2019·桂林、百色、崇左联考)My 8?hour sleepy flight finally came to an end after I stepped out of the airport. __1__ on the bus, I was waiting anxiously for it to start.
A woman beside me and her daughter both seemed __2__. She told me that her daughter had an upset stomach and would __3__ continuously; __4__， the mother had lost her purse. Apart from a significant __5__ of money, the purse also had her phone and a phone number of an important __6__. She would meet him for discussing a(n) __7__ matter which had to be __8__ by tomorrow morning.
I handed her my cellphone without __9__ and told her that she could make any __10__ she wanted. I also produced a bottle of water I had in my bag to relieve her daughter of her __11__. After making several calls, they finally __12__ to the official! They turned to look at me __13__ and thanked me many times. The woman tried to __14__ for my assistance, but I refused __15__ I knew she had lost her money.
The next morning, I received a call from the mother, saying that they couldn’t __16__ how much my generous act touched them. They were so __17__ that they had taken down my number to thank me. I was astonished to be thanked in this way. I never thought my simple offer __18__ so much in their heart. And I thought of how many opportunities for kindness we had lost by being absorbed in cellphones and being disconnected __19__ the reality around us—something with easy __20__ may make a big difference to others.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。乘坐公共汽车时，我看到邻座的女士和她的女儿看起来很不舒服，原来她的女儿胃不舒服且呕吐，她也丢失了钱包，不仅失去了一大笔钱，还丢失了她的手机和重要电话号码。我将包里的水给了她的女儿，并将手机借给她使用，她终于打通了要找的人的电话。这位女士和她的女儿十分感谢我，我由此得出感悟：一个简单的善举常常能解决他人的燃眉之急。
1．A.Getting B．Got
C．Seated D．Seating
C 解析：根据该句中的“on the bus, I was waiting anxiously for it to start”可知，坐在公共汽车的座位上，我着急地等着发车， be seated on为固定搭配，意为“坐在……座位上”。
2．A.relaxed B．excited
C．unconscious D．uncomfortable
D 解析：根据空后一句“She told me that her daughter had an upset stomach...the mother had lost her purse.”可知，邻座的女士告诉我，她的女儿胃不舒服，并且她丢失了钱包；结合该句中的“A woman beside me and her daughter both seemed”可以判断，邻座的这位女士和她的女儿看起来都不舒服，D项意为“不舒服的”，故D项正确。A项意为“放松的”；B项意为“兴奋的”；C项意为“不省人事的，失去知觉的”，都与语境不符。
3．A.throw up B．put up
C．take up D．pick up
A 解析：根据该句中的“She told me that her daughter had an upset stomach”可知，邻座的女士告诉我，她的女儿胃不舒服，结合该句中的“continuously”和常识可以判断，她会不断地呕吐，A项意为“呕吐”，故A项正确。B项意为“搭建，建造”；C项意为“开始从事，占据”；D项意为“捡起，(偶然)学会”。
4．A.however B．besides
C．therefore D．otherwise
B 解析：根据空前内容可知，她的女儿胃不舒服并会不断呕吐；结合该句中的“the mother had lost her purse”可知，这位女士还丢失了钱包；据此可知，空处前后为递进关系，B项意为“此外，而且”，表示递进，故B项正确。A项意为“然而”；C项意为“因此”；D项意为“否则”。
5．A.number B．variety
C．mass D．amount
D 解析：根据该句中的“Apart from a significant ______ of money, the purse also had her phone and a phone number of an important______．”可知，除了一大笔钱，钱包里还有她的手机和一个重要的电话号码。a significant amount of “相当数量的……” 符合语境，故D项正确。
6．A.accountant B．official
C．lawyer D．doctor
B 解析：根据下一句中的“She would meet him for discussing a(n) ______ matter”，结合下文第三段第三句中的“official”可知，她要和他见面讨论重要的事情，据此可以判断，除了一大笔钱之外，钱包里还有她的手机和一个重要官员的电话号码。B项意为“官员”，故B项正确。A项意为“会计”；C项意为“律师”；D项意为“医生”。
7．A.simple B．political
C．urgent D．financial
C 解析：根据该句“She would meet him for discussing a(n) ______ matter...by tomorrow morning.”可知，所讨论的事情要在明天早晨之前解决，故此事是很紧急的；C项意为“紧急的”，故C项正确。A项意为“简单的”；B项意为“政治的”；D项意为“财政的”，都与语境不符。
8．A.settled B．ignored
C．raised D．dropped
A 解析：参见上题解析。A项意为“解决”，故A项正确。B项意为“忽视”；C项意为“提起”；D项意为“掉下，落下”，都与语境不符。
9．A.doubt B．permission
C．question D．hesitation
D 解析：根据该句中的“I handed her my cellphone without________”和下文内容可知，我毫不犹豫地将手机借给了她；without hesitation为固定搭配，意为“毫不犹豫地”，故D项正确。A项意为“怀疑”；B项意为“许可”；C项意为“疑问”，都与语境不符。
10．A.call B．decision
C．choice D．promise
A 解析：根据该句“I handed her my cellphone without ______ and told her that she could make any ______ she wanted.”可知，我毫不犹豫地将手机借给了她，告诉她可以拨打任何她想要拨打的电话；A项意为“电话”，故A项正确。B项意为“决定”；C项意为“选择”；D项意为“承诺”。
11．A.fever B．stress
C．sickness D．appetite
C 解析：根据第二段第二句可知，邻座女士的女儿胃不舒服，会不断呕吐；结合该句“I also produced a bottle of water I had in my bag to relieve her daughter of her ______．”可知，我从包里取出一瓶水递给她的女儿以缓解她的呕吐情况；C项意为“恶心，呕吐”，故C项正确。A项意为“发烧”；B项意为“压力”；D项意为“食欲”，都与语境不符。
12．A.came over B．went through
C．got through D．turned around
C 解析：根据该句“After making several calls, they finally ______ to the official！”可知，在打了几次电话后，她们终于打通了这位官员的电话。C项意为“接通，打通”，故C项正确。A项意为“拜访”；B项意为“通过”；D项意为“转身，好转”，都与语境不符。
13．A.doubtfully B．closely
C．curiously D．gratefully
D 解析：根据上文可知，我将我包里的水送给邻座女士的女儿，并将手机借给她们，她们打通了那位官员的电话；结合该句“They turned to look at me ______ and thanked me many times.”可以判断，她们转过身来感激地看着我，不断地感谢我。D项意为“感激地”，符合语境，故D项正确。A项意为“怀疑地”；B项意为“亲近地”；C项意为“好奇地”，都与语境不符。
14．A.thank B．pay
C．award D．praise
B 解析：根据该句“The woman tried to ______ for my assistance...I knew she had lost her money.”可知，这位女士要付钱给我以表达感谢，但是因为我知道她丢了钱，我拒绝了。B项意为“付款”，故B项正确。A项意为“感谢”；C项意为“奖励”；D项意为“赞扬”。
15．A.since B．if
C．while D．although
A 解析：参见上题解析。A项意为“因为”，故A项正确。
16．A.express B．talk
C．describe D．compose
A 解析：根据该句“The next morning, I received a call from the mother, saying that they couldn’t ______ how much my generous act touched them.”可知，第二天早上，我接到了这位女士的电话，说她们无法用言语表达她们有多感动。A项意为“表达”，故A项正确。B项意为“交谈”；C项意为“描述”；D项意为“组成，作曲，写”。
17．A.reasonable B．considerate
C．flexible D．considerable
B 解析：根据该句“They were so ______ that they had taken down my number to thank me.”可知，她们是如此细心，还将我的电话号码记下来以感谢我。B项意为“体贴的，考虑周到的”，故B项正确。A项意为“有理由的”；C项意为“易弯曲的，柔韧的，灵活的”；D项意为“相当大的”，都与语境不符。
18．A.increased B．balanced
C．weighed D．ranked
C 解析：根据该句“I never thought my simple offer ______ so much in their heart.”可知，我从来没有想到我的一次简单的帮助在她们的心中如此有分量；C项意为“有影响，有分量”，故C项正确。A项意为“增加”；B项意为“平衡”；D项意为“具有……等级(地位)”，都与语境不符。
19．A.in B．beyond
C．of D．from
D 解析：根据该句中的“And I thought of how many opportunities for kindness we had lost by being absorbed in cellphones and being disconnected ______ the reality around us” 并结合常识可知，沉浸在手机的世界中、与周围的现实脱节，使我们失去了很多表达善意的机会；be disconnected from...为固定搭配，意为“与……脱离”，故D项正确。
20．A.reach B．access
C．range D．purpose
B 解析：根据上文可知，沉浸在手机的世界中、与周围的现实脱节，使我们失去了很多表达善意的机会；结合该句中的“with easy ______ may make a big difference to others”和上文我将手机借给邻座的女士使用的故事可知，一个简单容易的方法就能极大地帮助别人，对别人产生重大影响。B项意为“(使用或见到的)机会，权利”，故B项正确。A项意为“距离，限度”；C项意为“能力范围”；D项意为“目的，意志”，都与语境不符。
语法填空
(2019·银川检测)World Read Aloud Day is celebrated each year on the first Wednesday of March.It 1.____________ (start) by the LitWorld.org in 2010 and has now reached 65 countries. The aim is to encourage people worldwide who cannot read to enjoy the benefits of a book.Its website asks everyone 2.____________ (celebrate) the day by taking a book, finding an audience, and reading out aloud.It is about taking action to show the world that the right to read and write 3.____________ (belong) to all people.
The website asks 4.____________ (visit) to join in the movement to reduce 5.____________ number of illiterate (不识字的) people in the world.It is 6.____________(absolute) necessary to help those who cannot read.The website says, “It’s time to start by reading aloud to 7.____________ might like it.Share a book with a child who might need it, share a story with someone who would treasure it, listen patiently 8.____________someone else’s story as they share with you.”The United Nations says，“Literacy involves a variety of learning in enabling individuals to achieve their goals, to develop their knowledge, 9.____________ to participate fully in society.”In that way, World Read Aloud Day does help make a 10.____________ (different)．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了World Read Aloud Day(世界朗读日)。
1．was started 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。World Read Aloud Day在2010年由LitWorld.org发起。根据语境可知，此处需要用start的被动形式，又因时间状语是“in 2010”，故用一般过去时。
2．to celebrate 解析：考查动词不定式。ask sb.to do sth.“要求某人做某事”，网站要求每个人通过拿本书、找到一位听众、大声阅读的方式来庆祝这个节日。
3．belongs 解析：考查主谓一致。这正是采取行动向世界表明阅读和写作的权利属于所有的人。根据句子成分可知，从句的主语为 the right，故填belongs。
4．visitors 解析：考查名词复数。根据语境可知，网站让游客来参加活动，游客不止一个，且空前没有冠词修饰，故填visitors。
5．the 解析：考查冠词。the number of...是固定搭配，表示“……的数量”。
6．absolutely 解析：考查副词。帮助那些不能阅读的人是完全有必要的。
7．whoever 解析：考查宾语从句。是开始为任何可能喜欢的人大声朗读的时候了。whoever引导宾语从句且在从句中作主语。
8．to 解析：考查介词。当他们与你分享时，你要耐心地倾听某人的故事。listen to是固定搭配。
9．and 解析：考查连词。根据语境和句子成分可知，前后表示并列关系。
10．difference 解析：考查名词。make a difference“有作用”，根据空前的冠词可知，此处应用所给词的名词形式。
课时练3 语法写作增分练
[学生用书P307(单独成册)]
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分 45分)
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2019·吉林部分学校高三模拟)The important thing in life is to have a great goal and the determination to attain it. Living without a goal is like 61.____________ (sail) without a compass. Lack of purposes is the cause of most of 62.____________ (failure). When a great aim has been decided on, determination and persistence are most important.
What separates the successful from the unsuccessful is persistence. The persistence is 63.____________ (necessity). If you are persistent, you will succeed. When Ludwig van Beethoven 64.____________ (reach) his peak, he was totally deaf. If you study his biography, and become familiar 65.____________ his trials, his hardships, and battles, you can learn 66.____________ to defeat fate. Many organizational analysts and career consultants consider persistence 67.____________ (be) the ultimate (首要的) key to success at both 68.____________ organizational and personal level. Successful people also fail 69.____________ (occasional), but they do not let it defeat their spirit. Learning from defeats, they revise strategy as it 70.____________ (need) and try again, and again, and again, until they succeed.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文，讲述了一个人要成功应具备的素质——坚定的目标，实现目标的决心以及坚持不懈。
61．sailing 解析：考查非谓语动词。没有目标的生活就像是没有指南针的航行。like在此是介词，故应用动词的－ing形式作宾语。
62．failures 解析：考查名词单复数。缺少目标是大部分人失败的原因。failure在此指“失败的事”，是可数名词，且空前没有冠词或限定词，故使用复数形式。
63．necessary 解析：考查词性转换。这种坚持是必要的。空处在此作表语，故用形容词。necessary意为“必要的”。
64．reached 解析：考查时态。当路德维希·凡·贝多芬到达他人生的顶峰时，他完全听不见。主从句动作同时发生，根据主句中的“was”可知，从句应用一般过去时。
65．with 解析：考查介词。此处指“如果你研究过他的自传，熟悉他经历过的磨难、困苦和战斗，你就会学会怎样战胜命运”。be/get/become familiar with sth.是固定用法，意为“熟悉某事”。
66．how 解析：考查疑问词。此处指“你就会学会怎样战胜命运”，故用how “怎样”。
67．to be 解析：考查非谓语动词。consider sth. to be sth.是固定用法，意为“认为……是……”。
68．the 解析：考查冠词。此处指“组织水平和个人水平”，表示特指，故用定冠词the。
69．occasionally 解析：考查副词。成功的人偶尔也会失败。此处应用副词修饰动词。occasionally意为“偶尔，间或”。
70．is needed 解析：考查时态和语态。it与need之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。这里叙述的是现在的一般情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2019·郑州一中上学期高三测试)The incident had happened on my way to a bookstore on the rainy Sunday afternoon.I was waiting for the green light when a girl about ten was knocked down by a passing car，that drove off quickly.A man immediately rushed to the girl to give him first aid.I joined in without any hesitate.A young woman called 110 and the polices soon arrived at the scene.Fortunate she was not badly injured and we sent her to the nearest hospital.Comparing with the escaped driver，I am proud of that I did.
答案：
The incident happened on my way to a bookstore on rainy Sunday afternoon.I was waiting for the green light when a girl about ten was knocked down by a passing car， drove off quickly.A man immediately rushed to the girl to give first aid.I joined in without any .A young woman called 110 and the soon arrived at the scene. she was not badly injured and we sent her to the nearest hospital. with the escaped driver，I am proud of I did.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
(2019·湖北八校高三联考)假定你是李华，你校刚刚举行了教学开放周活动，你的英国网友Tom对此很好奇，写邮件向你了解基本情况。请你给他回一封邮件，要点如下：
1．活动时间：4月17日至21日；
2．活动目的：让家长了解学生的在校生活，促进学校与家长之间的沟通；
3．活动内容：开放课堂，举行主题班会，邀请家长讲话；
4．自己的体会。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已经给出，但不计入总词数。
Dear Tom，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours truly，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear__Tom,__
I’m happy that you’re curious about the Education Week held in our school recently and glad to give you a brief description of it.
In order to show parents the colorful school life of their children and promote the school’s communication with parents，an Education Week was held on April 17 through 21.During the week all classes were open to parents.It also included theme class meetings where students were proud to show off their talents.Besides，parents were welcomed to give advice on how to make our school better and share their experience in bringing up children.
The Education Week was a great success and we as well as our parents have benefited a lot from it.
Yours__truly,__
Li__Hua
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