Unit 24 Society
[学生用书P173]
单句语法填空
1．He has been to China before；____________(consequent) he knows something about it.
答案：consequently
2．The woman bought a new coat and she decided to show it ____________ in the company.
答案：off
3．The woman got on the bus，____________(burden) with two heavy suitcases.
答案：burdened
4．Mary ____________(resign) as an agent in a travel agency in September and moved to Canada.
答案：resigned
5．As a matter of fact，my job at the hospital is purely ____________(volunteer)．
答案：voluntary
6．Only about 20% of the people voted in the local government ____________(elect)．
答案：elections
7．What ____________ my son fails to arrive here and we miss the early bus?
答案：if
8．The teacher will make ____________ easier for most of us to understand the whole passage.
答案：it
9．I would rather take a bus ____________ drive my car to work every day.
答案：than
10．It is high time that everyone of us ____________(begin) to live a simple life.
答案：began
单句改错
1．Burdened such a large family，he had to work hard all day long.____________________
答案：Burdened后加with
2．I don’t know when the union we have been looking forward to will be come into being.____________________
答案：去掉be
3．You must resign yourself to wait a bit longer.____________________
答案：wait→waiting
4．I would rather you have not learned the lesson from the professor.____________________
答案：have→had
5．Sentencing to five years in prison，the man missed a good chance to get a job.____________________
答案：Sentencing→Sentenced
单元语法——说服的不同表达方式
单句语法填空
1．It is high time that we ____________(put) away our toys and went to bed.
答案：put
2．We demanded that we ____________(need) more time to relax after the test.
答案：(should) need
3．If I were you，I ____________(go) and say sorry to your classmate.
答案：would go
4．Your hair is so long.You’d better ____________(go) to have it cut.
答案：go
5．I would rather you ____________(come) tomorrow，for I am too busy now.
答案：came
教材与语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In modern society，1.____________(trap) in a spending circle，most of us work hard to earn more money and 2.____________ we have more money，we spend more，so we have to earn more again.But the more money we earn，the 3.____________(little) we often see it. In the spending circle，we accumulate 4.____________(possess) and work towards the ownership of bigger and better houses.As a result，what we get is not 5.____________(increase) happiness，6.____________ stress and less free time to be ourselves and enjoy being with our friends and families.There is a growing resistance to this consumer society，for it is 7.____________(especial) affecting the youth of today with its modern equipment.Trade unions demand that people share work 8.____________(reduce) unemployment.We should try to control advertising，especially advertising 9.____________ is aimed at children.Young people should be taught to use their free time in a proper way.We should remember that “being” and “doing”10.____________(be) much more important than having.
答案：1.trapped 2.when 3.less 4.possessions
5．increased 6.but 7.especially 8.to reduce 9.which
10．are
话题知识与写作
(Ⅰ)根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文。
1．在这个村里这些传统很早就形成了。(come into being)
2．如果一个人很富有，他(她)是不可以对别人炫耀的。(well off；show off)
3．如果一个人撞在另一个人身上，他(她)必须道歉。如果一户人家被破门而入了，邻居要去帮忙。(knock into；break into)
4．每个村民在村里都起着重要的作用。(play an important role in)
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(Ⅱ)下面是李华的一篇作文，文中有五处错误，改正错误并背诵该文。
These traditions came into being a long time before. If someone is well of, he/she shouldn’t show off. If someone knocks to another person, he/she should say sorry for that person. If someone’s house is broken into, his /her neighbor should go to help. Each villager plays important role in the village.
答案：
These traditions came into being a long time . If someone is well ， he/she shouldn’t show off. If someone knocks another person, he/she should say sorry that person. If someone’s house is broken into, his /her neighbor should go to help. Each villager plays important role in the village.
PAGE
4
选修8
XUAN XIU BA
Unit 24 Society
》基础盘点自测自评
教材回顾·自主检测◆
考点串讲,重难突破
讲练结合·要点落实◆
Unit 24 Society
课时练1 阅读理解提速练
[学生用书P348(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
(2019·陕西检测二)Whenever I hear a recording of John Denver singing “Sunshine on My Shoulders”， I find myself smiling, drawn to a love of the sun and the outdoors I’ve had for years as a Michigan native. Walking barefoot to the lake, playing without shirts in the sunlight, and breathing fresh air feel good. As a doctor I can tell you they are also good for your heart.
Studies have found higher rates of high blood pressure among people with the lowest sun exposure. One reason may be due to nitric oxide(一氧化氮), a gas whose function is activated when your skin is exposed to the sun’s rays. It reduces both heart attack and stroke risks. Vitamin D, which sunlight helps your body produce, is also linked to better health. So walk outdoors for 15 to 30 minutes daily.
In Japan, walking through forests to keep healthy has become a popular practice. Apparently they want to enjoy the fresh air. But research on 280 volunteers found that people had a reduced heart rate, and lower blood pressure when they walked through a forest than when they spent time in an urban area.
One of the consequences of modern society is that rarely is our body in direct contact with the ground. The earth has an electrical current. Direct contact with it may be stabilizing force for good health. Although “earthing” or “grounding” is considered alternative by mainstream medicine, research shows that the practice seems to be able to reduce heart disease risks.
So, walk around barefoot wherever possible, let your backyard grass tickle your feet, and dig your toes into sandy beaches.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者通过叙述自己的经历、感受和一些研究发现，告诉人们户外活动有益于心脏。
1．The first paragraph is meant to ________．
A．show the author likes the song very much
B．put forward the argument of the passage
C．suggest that the author loves nature crazily
D．indicate the author is a Michigan native
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的描述可知，作者写这段的目的是提出文章的论点。
2．Sunbathing’s good for heart because ________．
A．the sun’s rays make nitric oxide work
B．sunlight can help people keep warm
C．the sun’s rays can help replace vitamin D
D．vitamin D reduces blood circulation
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“One reason may be due to nitric oxide(一氧化氮), a gas whose function is activated when your skin is exposed to the sun’s rays. It reduces both heart attack and stroke risks.”描述可推知，日光浴对心脏有好处是因为阳光能使一氧化氮工作。
3．It’s believed that walking through forests can ________．
A．make people popular
B．help breathe in fresh air
C．reduce blood pressure
D．help escape noisy cities
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“But research on 280 volunteers found that people had a reduced heart rate, and lower blood pressure when they walked through a forest than when they spent time in an urban area.”描述可知，人们普遍认为穿过森林可以降低血压。
4．The best title of the passage should be ________．
A．Nitric Oxide Has Magic Functions
B．Walking Barefoot Builds the Body
C．Sunbathing Is Good for Health
D．Outdoor Activities Benefit the Heart
D 解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“Walking barefoot...for your heart.”及最后一段可知，这篇文章的主旨是户外活动有益于心脏。
B
(2019·长郡中学新高三实验班选拔考试)While beach vacations may be a great way to take your mind off work，lakes surrounded by mountains make for an even grander experience.If you are looking for peace on your vacation，we have some recommendations for you in the Caucasus(高加索)．
Lake Sevan
Lake Sevan is situated in the central part of Armenia，in the Gegharkunik Province.It is the largest lake in Armenia，located 6，234ft above sea level.Along the lake shore，there are various accommodations such as resorts and hotels with plenty of activities to partake such as windsurfing，swimming and sunbathing.While there，do not forget to visit one of the famous cultural monuments，the Sevanavank monastery，and it offers a great view of the lake as well.
Paravani Lake
Paravani Lake，located 6，801ft above sea level，is in the south of Georgia，near the Javakheti Plateau.At this level，altitude sickness can occur and it is a good idea to be prepared to adapt to it properly，or bring medication for altitude sickness.Being a volcanic lake makes for a more interesting experience.The lake is best known for fishing.Do not come home during the winter months when the lake freezes.
Lake Cildir
Lake Cildir is located in the Ardahan Province，east Turkey，near the borders with Georgia and Armenia.It is a large freshwater lake of eastern Turkey，and many tourists are not aware of this beautiful attraction.Lake Cildir is surrounded by mountains of the Caucasus.The lake freezes during late November.If the winter is not extremely cold，you can try some lake activities like ice skating and ice fishing.
Lake Van
Lake Van is the must visit of all lakes in this list，the largest lake in Turkey.Lake Van is located on the eastern shore of Turkey and is also the most accessible lake there.It’s situated 5，380ft above sea level，and unique to many lakes around the world，the water is high in salt content.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了供人们度假的好去处——高加索地区的一些湖泊。
5．If you want to visit some historic sites during your travel by a lake，you can go to________．
A．Lake Cildir B．Paravani Lake
C．Lake Sevan D．Lake Van
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“do not forget to visit one of the famous cultural monuments，the Sevanavank monastery”可知，度假期间如果你想参观历史性建筑可以到Lake Sevan。故选C。
6．What is special about Lake Van?
A．Its water is high in salt.
B．It is a volcanic lake.
C．It is globally the largest lake.
D．It is surrounded by mountains.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“and unique to many lakes around the world，the water is high in salt content”可知，Lake Van的特色是湖水的盐度高。故选A。
7．What challenge are travelers most likely to face while visiting Paravani Lake?
A．Lack of medicine.
B．Volcano eruptions.
C．Altitude sickness.
D．Low temperature all the year.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At this level，altitude sickness can occur and it is a good idea to be prepared to adapt to it properly，or bring medication for altitude sickness.”可知，在游览Paravani Lake时，游客们最有可能面临的挑战就是高原反应。故选C。
C
(2019·武汉毕业班5月训练)The Maltese Islands are rich in Neolithic(新石器时代的) sites. gantija in Gozo, Tarxien, and the Hagar·, Qim/Mnajdra Complex here on Malta’s south coast are perhaps the most well?known. These piles of stones are some of the earliest known man－made structures in the world. They are showing their age a bit, but what would you expect for buildings that are five and a half thousand years old? My house was built in the year 2000 and is already in bad condition round the edges. These temples are older than the pyramids!
In my opinion the temples are best seen after the visitorshave left. Come with me for a late afternoon walk down the hill past Hagar·, Qim towards the Mnajdra Complex. There are chain link fences around the temples now but we can ignore those and try to imagine why Malta’s earliest people took the trouble to build these structures on this windy and poor hillside.
Of course the temples would have looked rather different when they were constructed. They may have been decorated with pigments and possibly even roofed with animal skins or other materials. Who knows? We do know that they were changed and added to over a 1，000－year period or so.
Getting to Mnajdra and Hagar·, Qim is the easiest if you have a car. Or if you don’t mind a hike, you could get a bus to Qrendi (3 km away) or urrieq (5 km away)and walk from there. Warning: although the distances are not too great, walking several kilometers in the Maltese sun can be very hard and possibly dangerous. Take water and sunscreen.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了马耳他的一些著名的建筑群。
8．What makes the writer wonder about the temples?
A．Their history.
B．Their appearance.
C．How they were built.
D．When they were built.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“These piles of stones are some of the earliest known man－made structures in the world.”及第二段中的“There are chain link fences around the temples now”以及文章大部分是对寺庙的外观进行描述可推知，作者对这些寺庙感到好奇的地方是它们的外表。
9．What are we aware of about the construction of the temples?
A．They have been transformed.
B．They look the same as before.
C．They were carefully designed.
D．They are not what they used to be.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“We do know that they were changed and added to over a 1，000－year period or so.”可推知，我们对寺庙的建筑结构的了解是它们不再是过去的样子了。
10．How can we admire the sites getting the least sunburn?
A．By hiking there.
B．By riding a car.
C．By taking water.
D．By taking a bus.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Getting to Mnajdra and Hagar·, Qim is the easiest if you have a car.”和最后两句话可知，我们可以通过驾车去欣赏这些地方，以便有最少的太阳光照射。
11．Where can we possibly find the text?
A．In a political speech.
B．In historical fiction.
C．In a travel magazine.
D．In a geography textbook.
C 解析：文章出处题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段中的“Getting to Mnajdra and Hagar·, Qim is the easiest if you have a car. Or if you don’t mind a hike, you could get a bus to Qrendi (3 km away) or Z·,urrieq (5 km away) and walk from there.”可推知，这篇文章可能来自旅游杂志。
D
(2019·陕西部分学校第一学期摸底检测)I used to believe courtesy was a thing of the past. Very seldom have I encountered a courteous human being in this modern era.
Recently, I had to change my thinking, when I came face to face with just such a human being in a coffee place, with my two daughters.The place was crowded as usual and we had to climb steep(陡的) stairs in order to find an empty table. After enjoying coffee and snacks, we went down the narrow stairs, where there was hardly any space for another person to either climb up or come down.
Just as I was in the middle of the stairs, a man entered the main entrance of the restaurant which was right in front of the staircase(楼梯). I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up. I kept coming down as fast as I could. My daughters were already down, looking up at me worriedly, hoping I would reach them before the stranger started walking up the stairs, knowing I was a nervous sort.
Nearly reaching them, I noticed the man still standing near the door. I reached my daughters and passed the stranger at the entrance door which he kept holding open. I looked back, thinking he was still at the door, deciding whether to go in or find another less crowded place. I saw him going up the stairs, two at a time. I told my daughters about it and all three of us felt bad that we did not even thank the courteous gentleman who was actually holding the door open for us ladies to pass through before going up.
Such well mannered people are hard to find these days when pushing is very common in our advanced but aggressive society. We applauded for his chivalry(彬彬有礼)．
【解题导语】 在这个忙碌的现代社会，彬彬有礼、体贴他人的品质变得尤为珍贵。作者讲述了自己经历的一件事情，并赞扬了这种良好的品质。
12．What is the meaning of the underlined word “courtesy” in Paragraph 1?
A．A brave action.
B．Sacrifice spirit.
C．A considerate action.
D．Selfish behavior.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据下文故事中的男人为作者让路并且开门可推测出，这是一种体贴的行为，故选C项。A项意为“勇敢的行为”；B项意为“牺牲精神”；D项意为“自私的行为”。
13．What did the author think of the man at the first sight of him?
A．He was in a hurry.
B．He would wait for her.
C．He would pass her rudely.
D．He was a man with good manners.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up.”可知，作者本认为这个男人会粗鲁地挤开她上楼梯，故选C项。
14．Why did the author’s daughters worry about her?
A．She was easy to be nervous.
B．She took up too much space.
C．She was too old to walk fast.
D．She focused too much on the man.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“knowing I was a nervous sort”可知，作者是一个很容易紧张的人，故选A项。
15．What can we learn about the man from Paragraph 4?
A．He might be a waiter of the café.
B．He might have an urgent business to do.
C．He loved a daughter of the author.
D．He would hold the door open for all.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I saw him going up the stairs, two at a time.”以及下文谈到她们都来不及对这个男人说一声谢谢可推知，那个男人上楼梯，一次上两级台阶，应该是有急事要做，故选B项。
七选五
(2019·石家庄重点中学高三摸底考试)As new car prices continue to climb, you can find reliable but cheap used cars for sale. Many are readily available online, but car lots and local auto auctions(拍卖) also provide excellent sources for inexpensive vehicles. Here are the tips.
Search online
1．________. Some sites specialize in automotive sales and may contain hundreds of local lists. Private sellers may offer considerably lower prices for their cars than a dealer and be more receptive to negotiation. You will find dealer lists on these sites as well.
Visit local auctions
Though many car auctions take place online, you still can find a cheap used car at a specialized auto auction. These auctions, available in many bigger cities, are the same ones where local dealers purchase cars for sale. 2.________， so check with your local auto auction center to confirm.
3．________
Many organizations that manage a fleet of vehicles sell their used cars when they remove them from active service. Car rental companies frequently sell late model, relatively low mileage former rental cars for well below the price a dealer would charge for a similar vehicle. For a very cheap used car, consider buying retired police cars and government surplus vehicles.4.________．
Be prepared to negotiate
5．________， you will likely have the opportunity to negotiate for a lower sales price. When negotiating with a dealer, according to the financial magazine Forbes, you may be able to get the lowest possible price on the last day of the month, a day with poor weather, or late at night on the weekend. Negotiations with a private seller often are more direct and consist of simply offering your ideal and reasonable price.
A．Consider retired vehicles
B．Ask advice from local dealers
C．These cars will help you save a lot
D．Unless you buy your used car in an auction
E．Rules can vary significantly from auction to auction
F．When you find a chance to ask about the local situation
G．Many private individuals start with online classified websites
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了购买廉价二手车的攻略。
1．G 解析：根据空后的“Some sites specialize in automotive sales and may contain hundreds of local lists.”可推知，一些网站专门提供售车信息而且可能包含数以百计的当地的车辆清单，因此从分类网站着手是个不错的选择，所以选G选项。
2．E 解析：根据空后的“so check with your local auto auction center to confirm”可推知，汽车拍卖行很多，规定也各不相同，因此要去当地的汽车拍卖中心确认才行，所以选E选项。
3．A 解析：根据空处所在的位置及文章结构可知，空处为段落小标题，并结合对本段的整体理解可推知，本段主要推荐了被很多组织清除出来进行销售的二手车，故A项符合语境。本段中的“retired police cars”也是提示。
4．C 解析：承接上文“For a very cheap used car, consider buying retired police cars and government surplus vehicles.”可推知，这些车比较便宜，可以节省不少费用。所以C选项符合语境。
5．D 解析：根据空后的“you will likely have the opportunity to negotiate for a lower sales price”并结合上文推荐去拍卖行购车可推知，不去拍卖行购车的话，你将有可能和销售商谈成较低的购车价，所以选D选项。
课时练2 知识运用板块练
[学生用书P351(单独成册)]
完形填空
The other evening we had a knock at the door. It was a new __1__ who introduced himself and his boys to us. He also __2__ us to a block party as a way to know the people in the neighborhood as well as celebrating the first anniversary of his two __3__ sons coming to live with him.
We’ve lived here for almost six years and __4__ has ever come to introduce themselves. I suppose we should have __5__ it on to introduce ourselves to people moving in, but we haven’t. In my opinion, it took the initiative(首创) of a young __6__ and his adopted sons to show me how I could __7__ better attention to my own community. We have many __8__ friends but I have to admit that I haven’t usually been the one to develop the __9__ in my own neighborhood.
This experience __10__ me of one of my favorite quotes, “When I was a young man, I wanted to change the world. I found it was __11__ to change the world, so I tried to change my nation. When I found I couldn’t change the nation, I began to __12__ my town. I couldn’t change the town and as a(n) __13__ man, I tried to change my __14__. Now, as an old man, I __15__ the only thing I can change is myself, and __16__ I realize that if long ago I had changed myself, I could have made an impact(影响) on my family and __17__ on my town. The impact could have changed the nation and I could __18__ have changed the world.”
For those of us who want to make a(n) __19__ in the world, it’s important to remember “Think globally, but __20__ locally.” For me, I’m going to make it a point to meet more of my neighbors—starting now.
【解题导语】 新搬来的邻居主动上门作自我介绍，并邀请作者参加社区聚会，这让作者有了很多感慨。要想改变世界，首先要改变自己。作者决定从身边做起，多见一些邻居，关注自己的社区。
1．A.stranger B．classmate
C．beggar D．neighbor
D 解析： 根据下文的“as a way to know the people in the neighborhood”及第二段中的“I suppose...to introduce ourselves to people moving in”可知，敲门的是一个新邻居。故选D。
2．A.invited B．commanded
C．persuaded D．encouraged
A 解析： 此处指邀请“我们”参加一个街区聚会。invite“邀请”；command“命令”；persuade“说服”；encourage“鼓励”。故选A。
3．A.adopted B．accepted
C．adapted D．annoyed
A 解析： 根据下文的“his adopted sons”可知，他要庆祝和他收养的儿子一起生活一周年。故选A。
4．A.anyone B．someone
C．everyone D．no one
D 解析： 根据下文的“I suppose we should have...the initiative(首创) of a young ______ and his adopted sons”可知，“我们”已经住在这里将近六年了，从没有人过来介绍他们自己。故选D。
5．A.put B．made
C．taken D．turned
C 解析： 此处指“我们”本应承担向搬进来的人作自我介绍的责任。故选C。take on“承担(责任)”。
6．A.student B．man
C．woman D．mother
B 解析： 根据上文可知，新搬来的是一位男士和他收养的孩子们。故选B。
7．A.draw B．lose
C．pay D．offer
C 解析： 此处指更好地关注“我”自己的社区。故选C。pay attention to“注意”。
8．A.foreign B．local
C．old D．rich
B 解析： “我们”有许多当地的(local)朋友，但“我”不得不承认，“我”通常不会在“我”自己的街区发展友谊。故选B。
9．A.trouble B．friendship
C．concern D．business
B 解析： 参见上题解析。故选B。
10．A.reminded B．told
C．warned D．convinced
A 解析： remind sb. of sth.“使某人想起某事”；tell sb. sth.“告诉某人某事”； warn sb. of sth.“警告某人某事”；convince sb. of sth.“使某人相信某事”。根据搭配首先排除B；这个经历使“我”想起了“我”最喜欢的引言之一。故选A。
11．A.difficult B．easy
C．interesting D．right
A 解析： 根据下文的“so I tried to change my nation”可知，此处表示“我发现改变世界是很难的”。故选A。
12．A.make out B．concentrate on
C．get into D．refer to
B 解析： “当我发现不能改变国家时，我就开始致力于改变我所在的城镇”。make out“辨认出，理解”；concentrate on“集中精力于”；get into“开始参与”； refer to“参考，提及”。故选B。
13．A.smarter B．younger
C．older D．taller
C 解析： 上文讲述自己年轻时的想法，下文说自己作为一个老人的想法，以时间为序陈述。故选C。
14．A.state B．family
C．town D．mind
B 解析： 根据下文可知，“我意识到如果以前改变自己，就可以改变家庭、城镇、国家乃至世界”。故选B。
15．A.explain B．forget
C．realize D．regret
C 解析： “如今，作为一名老人，我意识到唯一能改变的是自己”。故选C。
16．A.happily B．suddenly
C．actually D．luckily
B 解析： 此处指突然间意识到。故选B。
17．A.merely B．still
C．only D．even
D 解析： 此处表示递进关系。merely“仅仅”；still“仍然”；only“仅仅”； even“甚至”。故选D。
18．A.indeed B．hardly
C．never D．seldom
A 解析： 此处表示“我确实本来可以改变世界”，为肯定意义，排除B、C和D；indeed“确实，甚至”；hardly“几乎不”；never“从不”；seldom“很少，不常”。故选A。
19．A.decision B．difference
C．apology D．mistake
B 解析： 此处指“那些想要对世界产生影响的人”。make a decision“做决定”；make a difference“有影响，起作用”；make an apology“道歉”；make a mistake“出错”。故选B。
20．A.behave B．act
C．move D．operate
B 解析： 该句表示“放眼全球，立足地方”，指可进行全球化思考，但要在当地采取行动。behave“举止，表现”；act“行动”；move“移动”；operate“操作”。故选B。
语法填空
I can still recall the day when I sat on the stairs of a temple in Nepal. The square before the temple 1.____________(become) very muddy as a result of the rain. We had to walk on a path made by a line of bricks on the muddy ground.
A friend of 2.____________(I) complained all the way while she stepped on the bricks 3.____________(walk) towards me. Looking around she said very 4.____________(patience), “Disgusting indeed! What 5.____________ I fall into the dirty water？”
Since I knew her very well, I nodded cautiously 6.____________(comfort) her by my silent sympathy.
A few minutes later another friend came 7.____________ the same scene. She stepped on the brick path dancing briskly and singing, “Jump, jump, jump！” until she reached the dry ground. She couldn’t help shouting, “8.____________ fun it is！” Eyes beaming with joy, she made the remarks, “The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can 9.____________(entire) be free from dust.”
In the eyes of the two there 10.____________(be) two different worlds. As the world has a population of 7 billion, it follows that there should be 7 billion worlds.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者回忆起在尼泊尔发生的一件事：两位朋友在面对雨后泥泞的道路时，看法完全不一样，一位为此而抱怨，一位则为此而欣喜。因此，不同的人眼中的世界是不同的。
1．became/had become 解析：考查动词的时态。根据上下文语境可知，此处可用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作；因为“道路变得泥泞”这一动作发生在“sat”之前，所以此处也可用过去完成时。故填became/had become。
2．mine 解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，作者的一位朋友一路上一直在抱怨，此处应用I的名词性物主代词作介词“of”的宾语。故填mine。
3．walking 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，主语“she”和动词walk之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，所以此处应用walk的现在分词形式作状语。故填walking。
4．impatiently 解析：考查词性转换。分析词法知识可知，此处应用副词修饰动词“said”；根据语境可知，作者的那位朋友很不耐烦地抱怨着，故应用否定形式。故填impatiently。
5．if 解析：考查固定搭配。what if是固定搭配，意为“如果……该怎么办”，符合语境。故填if。
6．to comfort 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，作者点头是为了安慰那位朋友，此处应用动词不定式表目的。故填to comfort。
7．to 解析：考查介词。句意：几分钟之后，作者的另一位朋友来到了同一个地方。come to意为“来到(某地)”，符合语境。故填to。
8．What 解析：考查感叹句。根据句法结构可知，fun是不可数名词，所以此处应用what引导这个感叹句。故填What。注意首字母大写。
9．entirely 解析：考查副词。句意：在雨季，最令人高兴的是人们可以完全避开灰尘。此处修饰be动词，故用形容词entire的副词形式，故填entirely。
10．were 解析：考查主谓一致和动词的时态。纵观全文时态并结合语境可知，此处应用一般过去时；there be结构后的“two different worlds”为复数概念，所以此处be动词应用一般过去时的复数形式。故填were。
课时练3 语法写作增分练
[学生用书P352(单独成册)]
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分 45分)
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2019·昆明高三调研)Lions, tigers and other animals are staying awake at night 61.____________(avoid) human beings, a new study finds.
Scientists have known that human activities can lead to changes in nature. Many animals may move around less or travel to far places to keep away 62.____________ people. By being awake at night, animals can also be on guard against possible enemies and spend less time 63.____________(look) for food.
The latest research found even activities like farming and camping can 64.____________(fright) animals and cause them to become more active at night. 65.____________ had been studied were lions in Tanzania, tigers in Nepal and monkeys in Brazil. Researchers compared 66.____________(careful) how much time those animals were active at night in areas of human activities, such as hunting and farming. 67.____________ was human activities that caused an increase of about 20 percent in night－time activities, even in creatures that usually sleep at night. Results 68.____________ (publish) in the journal Science two months ago.
The new findings are 69.____________(usual) because no one else has looked at it in such detail before. Ecologist Marlee Tucker was 70.____________(surprise) that any kind of human activities is enough for animals to see people as a threat.
【解题导语】 人类活动导致许多动物在夜间保持清醒以保持警惕状态。
61．to avoid 解析：考查非谓语动词。狮子、老虎以及其他的动物在夜间保持清醒旨在避开人类。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。
62．from 解析：考查固定搭配。keep away from...“远离……”，为固定搭配。
63．looking 解析：考查固定用法。spend time doing sth.“花时间做某事”为固定用法。
64．frighten 解析：考查动词。句意：最新研究表明，即使像务农和野营这样的活动也会惊吓到动物，进而导致它们夜间变得更加活跃。情态动词can后应接动词原形，故应用名词fright的动词形式frighten。
65．What 解析：考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句且缺少主语，故用what，意为“……的事物”。
66．carefully 解析：考查副词。修饰句中的谓语动词compared应使用副词。
67．It 解析：考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，去掉____________ was和that之后，句子表意完整，故该句为强调句型“It was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分．”。
68．were published 解析：考查时态和语态。根据语境可知，谓语动词publish和句子的主语Results之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语two months ago可知，描述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
69．unusual 解析：考查形容词。先前没人对此进行过如此详细的研究，所以这些新的发现显得不同寻常。
70．surprised 解析：考查形容词。此处为过去分词作表语，表示主语Marlee Tucker的状态，故用形容词surprised。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2019·济宁一模)
Dear Rachel，
I’m so glad to hear of you.In your letter，you said you were interesting in collecting stamps.That sounds wonderfully as collecting stamps are my hobby as well.So，I’d like to offer you some beautiful Chinese stamps.
Apart from collecting stamps，I enjoy plant flowers in my spare time.As the result，different kinds of flowers can seen in my garden.I benefit a lot of from taking care of my flowers.Not only can I develop our personal interest，but also I am able to put which I have learnt into practice.Do you like planting flowers？Would you like to join me?
Yours，
Sam
答案：
Dear Rachel，
I’m so glad to hear you.In your letter，you said you were in collecting stamps.That sounds as collecting stamps my hobby as well.So，I’d like to offer you some beautiful Chinese stamps.
Apart from collecting stamps，I enjoy flowers in my spare time.As result，different kinds of flowers can seen in my garden.I benefit a lot from taking care of my flowers.Not only can I develop personal interest，but also I am able to put I have learnt into practice.Do you like planting flowers？Would you like to join me?
Yours，
Sam
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
(2019·湖南五校高三模拟)假如你是李华， 你的笔友David能很好地进行公开演讲， 但却不善于与他人交流， 因此缺少朋友， 经常感到很孤独。请你据此给他写一封电子邮件。内容要点如下：
1．对他的情况表示同情；
2．建议他加入辩论队或话剧社等社团并说明原因；
3．相信他会走出困境。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear David，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
One possible version:
Dear__David,__
I’m glad to hear from you.I’m really sorry to hear you’re feeling lonely.Here is my advice for you.
Have you thought of using your talent to join the debate team or drama club, which would be good ways of meeting new friends？Common hobbies are the basis of making friends.What’s more, I advise you to talk to others actively.If you try talking to one or two people each day, you’ll figure out who is interested in befriending you.After all, friendships start with conversations.
I hope these will help you to make more friends.And I’m convinced that you will get out of the trouble.
Yours__sincerely,__
Li__Hua
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