Unit 1 The written word
[学生用书P158]
单句语法填空
1．I would rather he had told (tell) me about the fact at that time.
2．Seeing your picture，I couldn’t resist thinking (think) of the days which we spent together.
3．She hurriedly dived from the bridge and rescued(rescue) the drowning child.
4．The economic structure and policies established at that time should be reformed (reform)．
5．As a national treasure and a protected species，pandas are adored (adore) by people everywhere.
6．The survivors in the earthquake desperately (desperate) needed medical help, food and water.
7．(2019·马鞍山质检)Smiling and laughing has actually been shown to relieve tension (tense) and stress.
8．This program was set up with an intention (intend) of providing help to homeless people.
9．If the package is wrapped (wrap) well, we usually assume the contents are also wonderful.
10．Since you can’t make the class understand what you say in English, you can make yourself understood in Chinese.(understand)
11．There were numerous diving spots in the area and Larry was bent on visiting all of them.
12．The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm.
13．I was worn out after a day of shopping and soon fell asleep.
14．The TV serial is adapted from the well?known novel with the same title.
15．He stressed that students should live up to certain standards of behaviour.
单句改错
1．I won’t buy a new pair of shoes for you until this pair wears out.wears→is worn
2．Some glasses got breaking when we were moving house.breaking→broken
3．You’d better seize this opportunity realizing your dream.realizing→to realize
4．Let me now deal more fully with the important question that was touched earlier.touched后加on
5．I intended to help him, but I was too busy at that moment.第一个I后加had或help→have helped
6．He couldn’t make himself hear because of the noise, so we didn’t know what he was saying.hear→heard
7．Judging from what he said and did, we can conclude that he was desperate of fame.of→for
8．All the efforts he made were in a vain.去掉a
完成句子
1．如果你这样做，你将名誉扫地并且失去所有的朋友。
If you do so, you will_ lose your reputation and all your friends．
2．由于阅读很重要，你越关注它越好。
You can’t pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.
3．如果大家愿意互相配合，难事也会变得容易。
A difficult task can be made easier if people will work in with one another.
4．Harry正要离开，这时他注意到一个人跑出了房子。
Harry was on the point of leaving when he noticed a man running out of the room.
5．他不喜欢人们满嘴食物地讲话。
He dislikes it when people speak with their mouths full of food.
6．如果你不花那么多时间穿衣服，我们现在已经到那里了。
If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed，we would be there now.
教材与短文改错
根据课文内容，对下面材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
Robert Burns, Scotland’s supreme literary hero，was born in 1759.He had a reputation of being funny and pleasant to be around.Therefore, he came from a poor family with much debts，and did not ever make a lot of money.After his first book of poetry published, Burns became famous nationwide.Then he moved to Edinburgh, but was not any richer but had to earn his income by farming.A hard life and weak health made Robert Burns’s life short.He died at an age of 37 in 1796.Afterwards many people had donated money to support her widow and children.In 1877，a monument in honour of Burns was showing to the public in George Square.The day was declared a holiday and about 30，000 people came out to watch.The house that Burns was born is now a museum of his life and work.
答案：
Robert Burns, Scotland’s supreme literary hero，was born in 1759.He had a reputation being funny and pleasant to be around.， he came from a poor family with debts，and did not ever make a lot of money.After his first book of poetry published, Burns became famous nationwide.Then he moved to Edinburgh, but was not any richer had to earn his income by farming.A hard life and weak health made Robert Burns’s life short.He died at age of 37 in 1796.Afterwards many people donated money to support widow and children.In 1877，a monument in honour of Burns was to the public in George Square.The day was declared a holiday and about 30，000 people came out to watch.The house Burns was born is now a museum of his life and work.
教材与话题写作
用本单元所学知识完成下列句子，并按照逻辑连成短文。
1．Mr Black，一位声望很高的小说家，写了很多小说和诗歌。
Mr Black，a novelist of high reputation，has written a lot of fiction and poetry．
2．他的一些作品是肥皂剧，而一些作品涉及那些整天忙忙碌碌的人的生活。
Some of his works are soap operas while others touch on the life of people who are on the run every day.
3．作品的主题多是以抵制暴力、对他人慷慨有礼貌、不对未来绝望、积极改革为基础。
The theme of his works is based on resisting violence，being generous and civil to others，not being desperate for the future and reforming actively．
4．他的作品给人以全新的感觉，使读者都非常喜爱它们。
His works give people a brand new feeling，making readers adore them．
组篇公式：适当加入过渡词。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Mr Black, a novelist of high reputation, has written a lot of fiction and poetry.Some of his works are soap operas while others touch on the life of people who are on the run every day.
Generally speaking, the theme of his works is based on resisting violence, being generous and civil to others, not being desperate for the future and reforming actively.All in all，his works give people a brand new feeling, making readers adore them.
PAGE
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(共62张PPT)
选修8
XUAN XIU BA
Unit 1 The written word
》基础盘点自测自评
教材回顾·自主检测◆
考点串讲,重难突破
讲练结合·要点落实◆
Unit 1 The written word
课时练1 阅读理解提速练
[学生用书P348(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
(2019·郑州一中上学期入学摸底)If you’re on the hunt for something new and interesting to read, you have plenty of places to go. This week, we’re looking at four of the best book recommendation sites, based on your nominations(提名)．
Goodreads
Goodreads is more than just a book recommendation site, although it excels at helping you find new books to read based on the ones you enjoy. You can build a virtual “shelf” of books you own or have already read, share your progress with the books you’re currently reading, rate the books you’ve read, leave reviews, and connect with other readers.
BookBub
While BookBub isn’t strictly a book recommendation site, it does bring you super－low cost books based on your interests every day. The service is free, and when you sign up, you tell BookBub what kinds of books you like to read. From there, you’ll get an email from BookBub every day with book deals for that day. When we say “deal”， we mean it—many of BookBub’s titles are free entirely, $ 0.99, or just a couple of bucks.
LibraryThing
LibraryThing has been around for a long time and is still a great user－powered book rating, review, and recommendation site. The service calls itself the world’s largest book club, and that’s a lot like the overall feel. Once you sign up, you’ll be encouraged to start adding books you’ve read and leave reviews for them. Behind its book ratings and reviews though, LibraryThing is a powerful tool to catalog and organize your entire book collection.
Olmenta
If you’re not interested in registering for accounts, adding your own books, or any of that hassle(麻烦), Olmenta can suggest some solid titles to you based on general popularity and the citations of the people behind the site. It’s a simple list of book covers that the service thinks you should read, and a few genres you can click on if you’re looking for something specific, like business, fiction, theatre, poetry, or nonfiction, among others.
【解题导语】 该文介绍了四个最佳书籍推荐网站。
1．Which of the following two book recommendation sites ask you to rate and leave reviews?
A．Goodreads and BookBub.
B．BookBub and LibraryThing.
C．LibraryThing and Olmenta.
D．Goodreads and LibraryThing.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据Goodreads部分的最后一句中的“rate the books you’ve read, leave reviews, and connect with other readers”和LibraryThing部分的最后一句中的“Behind its book ratings and reviews though”可知，Goodreads和LibraryThing都要求读者评价并留下书评，故选D。
2．Which book recommendation site can help you get super－low cost books?
A．Goodreads. B．BookBub.
C．LibraryThing. D．Olmenta.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据BookBub部分的第一句“While BookBub isn’t strictly a book recommendation site, it does bring you super－low cost books based on your interests every day.”可知，BookBub这个网站可以帮助你得到超低价钱的书，故选B。
3．If you turn to Olmenta, you ________．
A．need to pay more
B．need to add your own books
C．don’t need to sign up
D．don’t need to look for something specific
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“If you’re not interested in registering for accounts, adding your own books, or any of that hassle(麻烦)，Olmenta can suggest some solid titles to you based on general popularity and the citations of the people behind the site.”可推知，在Olmenta网站，你可省去注册的麻烦，故选C。
B
(2019·湖北八校高三联考)We do not usually think about how our language works.Talking is such a natural, everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works.When we do study our language, though, we are often surprised that we are able to understand our conversations.Words can mean so many different things.However, it turns out that the speaking situation helps a lot in making language work.
First, the speaking situation helps make words more particular.For example, the word “dog” can describe a dog that a speaker saw in a dream.It can also be used to discuss a neighbor’s dog.No language has a separate word for the idea “dog that I saw yesterday” and another word for the idea “dog that I saw in a dream”．This is because the speaking situation makes it clear what speakers mean when they use words.So, when you have a conversation with your neighbor, the knowledge that you have a dog tells your neighbor what the word “dog” probably means in that situation.
The speaking situation also helps make language clearer.For example, the word “bank” has two possible meanings.It can mean “a place where people keep money”，but it can also mean “the side of a river”．So the sentence “I went to the bank” is not clear.It could mean I went to the side of the river or it could mean I went to the place where my money is kept.However, if the speaker is talking about fishing or going to the mountains, others probably know that “bank” means “the side of a river”．
The things that speakers say may not always be clear.Sometimes the words are not very particular, but the speaking situation can provide the meaning.Other times words may have many meanings.Then the speaking situation limits the right meaning.This extra knowledge from the situation is very important to understand language.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用。
4．The passage is mainly about ________．
A．the best time and place to talk to others
B．how the speaking situation helps language work
C．what to say in difficult situations
D．how our language works
B 解析：主旨大意题。本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用，故选B。
5．According to the passage, we can safely say that ________．
A．the speaking situation does not affect the meaning of words
B．speaking is not very natural for most people
C．the speaking situation is not important
D．people often do not consider how talking works
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“We do not usually think about how our language works.Talking is such a natural, everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works.”可知，故选D。
6．By using the example of the word “dog”， the writer wants to show that ________．
A．a word may need to be explained in a conversation
B．a word may have different meanings
C．the speaking situation helps people understand the particular meaning of a word
D．the meaning of words is not particular
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句话“First, the speaking situation helps make words more particular.”和下文的“For example”可知，下文正是用dog一词举例来论证第二段的第一句话，故选C。
7．According to the passage, we can know the meaning of the word “bank” by referring to ________．
A．the time and the place where the conversation happens
B．the occupation of the person who uses the word
C．earlier or later parts of the conversation
D．a reliable dictionary
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段所讲，作者用bank一词举例说明对话中这个词之前或之后的部分决定了这个词的含义，故选C。
C
(2019·惠州高三第一次调研)I was selfish as a teenager. I usually spent my time thinking about myself and taking care of my own needs. I let my older brother do most of the work around the house until he left for college. I let my mom and dad worry about our bills and problems while I read books, played, and lost myself in my own imagination. This didn’t change even when I went to college either. I studied hard but only to make my own life better. Even when I started to explore my faith, it was only to increase my own happiness.
I married after graduation and decided to start a family. Of course, I had no idea what hard knocks reality had in store for my selfish soul. Soon I found myself unemployed, deeply in debt, and with a new baby on the way. I found out that life has little sympathy for spoiled people. In fact, all of the struggles I was going through were beating the selfishness slowly out of me.
Still, I didn’t give up on happiness. I knew that there must be a way to find it. I finally realized, however, that it had to include more than just my own needs, wants, and desires. The answer began to make itself clear one night shortly after my baby boy was born. I got a bottle and held him in my arms. As I was feeding him I looked down and saw his big, innocent, trusting eyes. I smiled and talked to him. Then he smiled and I could feel my heart growing, expanding with love. I felt such peace and joy. At that moment I had a hint of the truth: it is by growing our hearts with love that we find our happiness.
Carolyn Arends wrote: “The more people you let into your heart, the bigger your heart gets. The more love you get, the more love you have to give. It just keeps growing.” So, keep loving, keep living and keep caring. Keep growing your heart today, tomorrow, and always.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述作者由一个自私的人成长为一个心中对他人有爱的人，也明白了“爱他人即幸福”的道理。
8．What do we know about the author from the first paragraph?
A．He often helped his brother with housework.
B．He studied hard for his family.
C．He put his own needs above others’．
D．He was concerned about his family.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“let my older brother do most of the work”“let my mom and dad worry about our bills and problems”“This didn’t change even when I went to college either. I studied hard but only to make my own life better.”和“it was only to increase my own happiness”的描述可推知，作者在青少年时期较为自私，行为处事总是只考虑自己，几乎不为家人考虑，即他把自己的需要放在别人的需要之上。故选C项。
9．What did the author realize after he suffered in life?
A．Spoiled people can’t survive the hardship of life.
B．Life is cruel to spoiled people.
C．Spoiled people are never happy in life.
D．Selfishness is helpful.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Soon I found myself unemployed, deeply in debt, and with a new baby on the way. I found out that life has little sympathy for spoiled people.”可知，作者在经历了人生的失意后，终于发现生活对被宠坏的人是残酷的。
10．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．The author loved kids.
B．The author often fed his baby.
C．The author realized the importance of happiness.
D．When caring for his baby, the author got inspired.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“As I was feeding him I looked down and saw his big, innocent, trusting eyes. I smiled and talked to him. Then he smiled and I could feel my heart growing, expanding with love. I felt such peace and joy. At that moment I had a hint of the truth: it is by growing our hearts with love that we find our happiness.”可推知，作者在照料孩子的过程中领悟到了通往幸福的途径。
11．Which can be the best title of the passage?
A．Loving Others, a Way to Happiness
B．The Elder One Grows, the More He Gets
C．Help Others, Help Oneself
D．Keep Growing to Live a Happy Life
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据最后一段中的“‘The more people you let into your heart, the bigger your heart gets. The more love you get, the more love you have to give. It just keeps growing.’ So, keep loving, keep living and keep caring. Keep growing your heart today, tomorrow, and always.”的描述可推知，这篇文章的主旨是“爱他人即幸福”。
D
(2019·湖北七市高三联考)Modern humans have a hard time controlling their desire to eat. Often you eat not because you are hungry, but because you are affected by many other things. How much you eat is strongly affected by how much those around you eat. People eating alone eat least. People eating with one other person eat 35 percent more than they do at home. People dining in a party of four eat 75 percent more. Eating with overweight friends? You’ll eat more. Is your waitress overweight? You’ll eat more. A wide variety of food? You’ll eat more.
Plates can decide how sweet dessert tastes. If people ate it off a paper plate, they’d say, “This is good.” If they ate it off a fancy silver plate, they would say, “This is the greatest cake I’ve eaten in my entire life.”
Your knowledge about what makes food good or bad also affects how much you eat. You tend to eat more when you think the food is good, and less when you think it is bad. So Grandma’s cookies always taste better than other cookies. “Good food” even has a “health halo(光环) effect”. If we’re eating something healthy, we feel that everything in that meal is healthy. Due to this, people often believe that a cheese cake with a salad has fewer calories(卡路里) than the cheese cake alone. That’s perhaps also why eating organic(有机的) food might turn you into an annoying guy. Your brain may use anything that makes you feel good about your own morality to excuse your immoral behaviour.
Food and hunger affect your judgment too. Hungry judges give more serious sentences. Kids who don’t eat breakfast behave worse than kids who eat their breakfast. People who have low blood sugar are more likely than the average person to have trouble concentrating and controlling their unpleasant emotions.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了哪些因素会导致人们吃得更多。
12．What is mentioned as a cause of overeating?
A．Suffering from great loneliness.
B．Being served by a helpful waitress.
C．Being treated to high quality food.
D．Eating with many friends.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“People eating with one other person eat 35 percent more than they do at home.” 可知，和许多朋友一起吃饭是吃得多的一个原因，故D项正确。
13．According to the passage, an annoying person may be one who________．
A．finds any excuse for eating more
B．is crazy about the quality of plates
C．competes with others in making cookies
D．teaches people to stick to morality
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容和第三段中的“That’s perhaps also...your immoral behaviour.” 可知，一个让人讨厌的人可能总会找到多吃的借口，故A项正确。
14．According to the passage, people are more likely to make a bad judgment when ________．
A．they don’t feel hungry
B．they aren’t overweight
C．they have low blood sugar
D．they know little about food
C 解析： 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“People who have low blood sugar are more likely than the average person to have trouble concentrating and controlling their unpleasant emotions.” 可知，低血糖的人比常人更难以集中注意力和控制自己的情绪，判断力会更差，故C项正确。
15．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．When Can’t We Go on a Diet?
B．What Affects Eating?
C．How to Make Good Food
D．Where to Find Safe Food
B 解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文的主题句是第一段的第二句“Often you eat not because you are hungry, but because you are affected by many other things.”， 结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍影响吃饭的因素，故B项最能概括文章大意。
七选五
(2019·郑州质量预测)Perhaps you have heard the expression “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” So when you want to do business in France, you have to get to know French culture, make marketing plans, and run your business by local laws.
1．________ The French take great pride in their language, so anyone who does not speak it may run the risk of being disrespected by his French colleagues or business partners. Also, another reason why learning French is important is that it is a great way to show every possible French business partner that you care and respect their country’s culture and language.
The first thing that you should do when meeting someone new is to shake his hand firmly and always look at the person in the eye. In social meetings with friends, kissing is common.
Use first names only after being invited to. 2.________ The French will sometimes introduce themselves using their surname first, followed by their first name.
Dress well. 3.________ Your business clothing is a reflection of your success and social status. Always try to be tasteful and stylish. Women are advised to dress simply but elegantly. Wearing make－up is practiced widely by businesswomen.
The French are passionate about food, so lunches are common in doing business in France, which usually consist of an appetizer, a main meal with wine, cheese, dessert and coffee, and normally take up to two hours. 4.________
Do not begin eating until the host says “bon appetite”. Pass dishes to the left, keep wrists above the table and try to eat everything on the plate. 5.________ This may suggest that you find the food tasteless. If eating in a restaurant, the person who makes an invitation always pays.
A．Remember to be as polite as possible.
B．This is a time for relationship building.
C．Use Monsieur or Madame before the surname.
D．Be careful with adding salt, pepper or sauces to your food.
E．Make an appointment with your business partner in advance.
F．The French draw information about people based on their appearance.
G．Language should be the focus of anyone planning to do business in France.
【解题导语】 任何人如果想在法国做生意，都要了解法国的文化，做到入乡随俗。
1．G 解析：根据本段后面的内容可知，法国人为他们的语言感到骄傲，所以想在法国做生意，学习法语是很重要的。G项“任何打算在法国做生意的人都应该关注语言”与下文联系紧密，故选G。
2．C 解析：结合空处前后的内容可以看出，本段就名字的使用提出了建议，而与名字的使用相关的是C项“在姓之前使用先生或夫人”，故选C。
3．F 解析：本段的中心句是第一句“Dress well.”，接着就服饰方面提出了一些建议，故空处应选F项“法国人根据人们的外表来获取信息”。
4．B 解析：根据本段第一句可知，法国人酷爱食物，在法国做生意时，共进午餐是很常见的，且午餐用时多达两个小时。那么，共进午餐的时间也是建立关系的时间，B项符合语境，故本题选B。
5．D 解析：本段就餐桌礼仪方面提出了建议。D项“在食物中加入盐、胡椒粉或酱汁时要小心”与下一句“这可能表明你觉得饭菜没味儿”衔接紧密，故本空选D。
课时练2 知识运用板块练
[学生用书P351(单独成册)]
完形填空
(2019·西宁检测)Many students often say that they don’t have “enough time” to do all their schoolwork. My _ 1__is often brief, “You have as much time as the president.” I usually carry on a bit about _ 2__twenty four hours in the day for everyone, and suggest that “not enough time” is not a(n)_ 3__explanation of _ 4__something done.
_ 5__in graduate school, I tried to prove to one of my professors _ 6__saying that I was working hard. His answer to me was, “That’s irrelevant. _ 7__is important is the _ 8__of your work.”Since then I have had time to think carefully about the trick of “_ 9__”， and I have come to some _ 10__all relevant to the problem of how much time we have.
If you analyze the matter, you can identify two parts of the problem: There is, _ 11__，the matter of “time”， which we can think of _ 12__. Then there is the problem of “work” during that time. But, as my professor suggested, it’s not how hard one works _ 13__the quality of the product that’s important.
That led me to a new idea: the quality of the work. That _ 14__is perhaps best explained by a sign I once saw on the wall in someone’s office：“Don’t work harder._ 15__．” There is a lot of sense in that idea.
If you can’t get more time, and few of us can, the only solution is to improve the quality of the work. That means thinking of ways to get more out of _ 16__time than we might otherwise get. That should lead us to an analysis of our work habits. Since “work” for students usually means“homework”， the expression “work habits” should be read as “_ 17__ habits”．
Then, as a smart student, you will _ 18__those skills that you use in study，_ 19__reading and writing. If you learn to read better and write better, there are big benefits that _ 20__in all your studies.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了“工作和学习不要总是强调更勤奋，而应当强调更聪明”这一观点，指出应当提高自己的工作质量和工作效率，而不是一味强调“勤奋”。
1．A.question B．idea
C．reply D．key
C 解析：根据该句中的“You have as much time as the president.”可知，该处回答了上文的疑问；C项意为“回答”，故C项正确。A项意为“问题”，B项意为“想法”，D项意为“关键，答案”，都与语境不符。
2．A.there being B．there are
C．there be D．there to be
A 解析：根据该句中的“twenty four hours in the day for everyone”可知，每个人每天都有24小时，故用“there be”结构，表示“存在，有”，介词about后跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语，故A项正确。
3．A.strange B．acceptable
C．surprising D．demanding
B 解析：根据语境可知，每个人每天都有24小时，所以“没有足够的时间”作为解释是不能接受的；B项意为“可接受的”，故B项正确。A项意为“奇怪的”；C项意为“令人惊讶的”；D项意为“要求高的，费力的”。
4．A.no getting B．not getting
C．no letting D．not letting
B 解析：根据语境可知，每个人每天都有24小时，所以“没有足够的时间”不能解释没有完成工作。get something done 为固定搭配，意为“完成某事”，该处表示否定，前面用not，故B项正确。
5．A.Since then B．Just now
C．Ever D．Once
D 解析：根据该句中的“I tried to prove to one of my professors”，结合下文的“His answer to me was”可知，该处叙述的是一件过去发生的事情，D项意为“曾经”，故D项正确。A项意为“从那时起”；B项意为“刚刚，刚才”；C项意为“曾经”。
6．A.by B．in
C．on D．upon
A 解析：根据该句中的“saying that I was working hard”可知，“我”试图通过说“我”自己工作勤奋来向“我”的一位教授证明自己；A项表示方式，故A项正确。
7．A.That B．What
C．Whether D．If
B 解析：分析该句结构可知，空处引导主语从句，也作该从句的主语，故用连接代词what；该句意“重要的是你的工作质量”，故B项正确。
8．A.quantity B．amount
C．number D．quality
D 解析：根据上文中的“I was working hard”，结合该句语境和第三段最后一句中的“quality”可知，教授对“工作勤奋”的回答是“重要的是工作质量”；D项意为“质量”，故D项正确。A项意为“数量”；B项意为“数量”；C项意为“数字”。
9．A.hard worker B．honest student
C．busy president D．future graduate
A 解析：根据该段第一句中的“I was working hard”，结合空前一句教授对此的回应可知，从那时起“我”就开始仔细思考“勤奋工作者”的技巧；A项和“working hard”匹配，故A项正确。B项意为“诚实的学生”；C项意为“忙碌的总统”；D项意为“未来的毕业生”。
10．A.constructions B．contributions
C．conclusions D．concentrations
C 解析：根据该句中的“I have come to”，结合下文内容可知，就此问题，“我”已经得出结论。C项意为“结论”，故C项正确。A项意为“建筑”；B项意为“贡献”；D项意为“集中”。
11．A.of course B．in fact
C．as a result D．as a whole
A 解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，这一问题中最重要的当然是时间；A项意为“当然”，故A项正确。B项意为“事实上，实际上”；C项意为“结果是……”；D项意为“作为整体”。
12．A.if followed B．if fixed
C．as followed D．as fixed
D 解析：根据空后一句“Then there is the problem of ‘work’during that time.”可知，接下来是在此期间的“工作”问题；据此可以判断，该处是说，人们总是认为时间是固定不变的，故D项正确。
13．A.so B．but
C．nor D．and
B 解析：根据该句中的“it’s not how hard one works ______the quality of the product that’s important”可知，并不是工作多么勤奋，而是产品的质量才是重要的；not...but...为固定搭配，意为“不是……而是……”。
14．A.concept B．sense
C．explanation D．solution
A 解析：根据上文中的“a new idea”可知，该处指这种新观念(concept)，故A项正确。B项意为“感觉”；C项意为“解释”；D项意为“解决办法”。
15．A.Work more smartly B．Work faster
C．Think twice D．Think aloud
A 解析：根据上文中的“Don’t work harder.”可知，工作不要更努力；据此可以判断，空处与此对应，意为“工作要更聪明”，故A项正确。B项意为“工作更快”；C项意为“三思而行”；D项意为“自言自语”。
16．A.a little B．the more
C．the less D．the same
D 解析：根据语境可知，更聪明地工作意味着在同一时间内想出能得到更多的方法，故D项正确。
17．A.living B．study
C．thinking D．sleeping
B 解析：根据该句中的“Since ‘work’ for students usually means ‘homework’， the expression ‘work habits’ should be read as”可知，对于学生来说，工作即是家庭作业，故“工作习惯”即为“学习习惯”，B项意为“学习”，故B项正确。A项意为“生活”；C项意为“思考”；D项意为“睡眠”。
18．A.seek improving B．seek to improve
C．find improving D．find to improve
B 解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，作为一个聪明的学生，你要寻求高效学习的技能，故用seek to improve，故B项正确。
19．A.chiefly B．briefly
C．actually D．occasionally
A 解析：根据下文中的“If you learn to read better and write better”并结合常识可知，该处指学生主要在阅读和写作上提高自己；A项意为“主要地”，故A项正确。B项意为“暂时地，简要地”；C项意为“事实上”；D项意为“偶尔，间或”。
20．A.are paid B．is paid
C．pays off D．pay off
D 解析：根据语境可知，如果你学会更好地写作和阅读，则你的所有学习将取得巨大的回报。D项意为“成功，奏效”，故D项正确。
语法填空
(2019·辽宁五校高三上学期模拟)The Forbidden City, 1.____________(locate) at the exact center of Beijing, is a place full of wonders.
But more than 600 years after it was built, it’s still managing 2.____________(serve) up surprises because the Forbidden City has survived more than 200 earthquakes.
Most structures aren’t made to survive 3.____________(nature) disasters, let alone those built hundreds of years ago.
To show 4.____________ strong ancient Chinese buildings really are, a television documentary by British broadcaster Channel 4 explored the skills of the ancient building’s designers. A group of Chinese carpenters and 5.____________(engineer) were shown building a scale model of one of the Forbidden City’s palaces, at one fifth of the size.
The model 6.____________(put) to the test. It was subjected to a simulated earthquake of 9.5 on the Richter scale. Instead of falling apart, the model was just moved 7.____________(gentle) during the test.
According to experts, the answer to the Forbidden City’s strength, lies in dougong—8.____________ old building method invented in China.
In spite of being held together 9.____________ any nails or glue, dougong is perfect at 10.____________(keep) structures together. So as China’s most popular tourist destination, perhaps the Forbidden City should add one more thing to its list of attractions: earthquake shelter.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了紫禁城的位置、历史以及建筑抗震强的原因。
1．located 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处充当定语，省略了which is; be located at表示“位于”。
2．to serve 解析：考查非谓语动词。manage后面用动词不定式作宾语，故填to serve。
3．natural 解析：考查形容词。空处充当定语，修饰disasters，说明被修饰词的性质，表示“自然的”，故用形容词形式natural。
4．how 解析：考查副词。句意：为了表明中国古代的建筑是多么的结实，英国第四频道电视台的一个电视纪录片探索了古代中国建筑设计师们的技艺。how表示“多么”，修饰形容词strong。
5．engineers 解析：考查名词的单复数。and连接并列结构，前后保持一致，前面用名词复数carpenters，故空处也应该用名词engineer的复数形式。
6．was put 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：这个模型被投入到试验中。根据上下文可知，动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时，又因为主语The model与谓语动词put构成被动关系，故填was put。
7．gently 解析：考查词性转换。空处修饰动词moved，故用其副词形式gently。
8．an 解析：考查冠词。method是可数名词，这里表示泛指一种，故用不定冠词，又因为空后是发音以元音音素开头的old，故填an。
9．without 解析：考查介词。根据上下文可知，用dougong这种技术建造房子不用钉子和胶水，故填without。
10．keeping 解析：考查动名词。keep充当介词at的宾语，故用其动名词形式。
课时练3 语法写作增分练
[学生用书P352(单独成册)]
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分 45分)
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2019·石家庄检测)The best way to deal with sports injuries is to keep them from happening in the first place.Knowing the rules of the game you’re playing and using the right 61.____________(equip) can go a long way toward preventing injuries.If you think you’ve been injured, pull 62.____________(you) out of the game or stop 63.____________(do) your activity or workout.Let a coach or parent know what happened in case you need to see a doctor.Serious head and neck injuries happen most often to athletes 64.____________ play contact sports like football.Keep the injured person still with his or her head 65.____________(hold) straight while someone calls for emergency 66.____________(medicine) help.If the person 67.____________(lie) on the ground, do not try to move him or her.
Your first question after a sports injury will 68.____________(probable) be，“When can I play again？”This depends on the injury and what your doctor tells you.Even if you can’t return to your sport right away, a doctor might have suggestions and advice 69.____________ what you can do to stay fit.Always check with your doctor 70.____________ trying any activity following an injury.
【解题导语】 这是一篇说明文，讲述了在运动中受伤以后应该怎么办。
61．equipment 解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处指合适的器材，equipment表示“设备，器材”，是不可数名词。
62．yourself 解析：考查代词。这是一个祈使句，由前面的you可知，该处用yourself。
63．doing 解析：考查非谓语动词。由“you’ve been injured”可知，受伤了就要停止活动，stop doing sth.“停止做某事”，故用doing。
64．who/that 解析：考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词为athletes，指人，故用who或that。
65．held 解析：考查with复合结构。动词hold与his or her head是动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。
66．medical 解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处是形容词修饰名词help，故用medical。
67．lies/is lying 解析：考查时态。此处表示“如果这个人躺在/正躺在地上”，故应用一般现在时或现在进行时。
68．probably 解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，这里应用副词修饰动词。
69．about/on 解析：考查介词。分析句意可知，这里指的是“做什么来保持健康的建议”，故用about/on 表示“关于”。
70．before 解析：考查介词。分析句意可知，在尝试任何活动之前先咨询一下医生，故用before。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2019·济南模拟)
Dear Steven，
I’m glad that you are coming to Beijing this summer vacation. You asked many question in your letter, and now let me answer them.
To start with, Beijing, the capital of China, is very attractive city with a long history. You can found all kinds of delicious food in Beijing, of that the most famous is the roast Beijing duck. I hope we will enjoy it. Besides, there is a great number of tourist attractions worth visiting, such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace or the Forbidden City. These scenic spots have attracted millions of tourists in this year. I promise you will have a wonderfully time here in Beijing.
I’m looking forward to hear from you as soon as possible.
Yours，
Liu Chao
答案：
Dear Steven，
I’m glad that you are coming to Beijing this summer vacation. You asked many in your letter, and now let me answer them.
To start with, Beijing, the capital of China, is very attractive city with a long history. You can all kinds of delicious food in Beijing, of the most famous is the roast Beijing duck. I hope will enjoy it. Besides, there a great number of tourist attractions worth visiting, such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace the Forbidden City. These scenic spots have attracted millions of tourists this year. I promise you will have a time here in Beijing.
I’m looking forward to from you as soon as possible.
Yours，
Liu Chao
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
(2019·合肥质量检测)近期，某中学生英文报就“My Dream Classroom”向中学生征稿。请你根据征稿启事写篇英语短文投稿。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
My Dream Classroom
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
My Dream Classroom
The classroom is another home where we spend most of our daytime. It should be a comfortable and relaxing place full of inspiration and encouragement for us to enjoy our study life to the fullest.
In my dream classroom，I hope to see green plants and pleasant decorations. Of course, I would appreciate it if I could be allowed to decorate my own desk. When it comes to the learning environment of the classroom, I prefer a culture corner so that we can share our books or exchange our opinions during the refreshing time. Besides, some inspiring mottos inside can motivate us to get ahead.
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