Unit 1 Living well
Ⅰ.阅读理解(2018河北石家庄二中一模)
It’s 3 o’clock and you’ve been hard at work.As you sit at your desk,a strong desire for chocolate overcomes you.You try to busy yourself to make it go away.But it doesn’t work.Here is another situation.Perhaps you are not feeling well.The only thing you want to eat is a big bowl of chicken soup,like your mom used to make when you were sick as a child.Food cravings (渴望) are a strong desire for a specific type of food.And they are normal.
Scientists at the website How Stuff Works compare hunger and cravings this way:Hunger is a fairly simple connection between the stomach and the brain.They even call it simply “stomach hunger”.When our stomachs burn up all of the food we have eaten,a hormone sends a message to one part of the brain for more food,which regulates our most basic body functions such as thirst,hunger and sleep.The brain then produces a chemical to start the appetite and you eat.Hunger is a function of survival.
A craving is more complex.It activates(激活) brain areas related to emotion,memory and reward.These are the same areas of the brain activated during drug-craving studies.Some scientists call food cravings “mind hunger”.People often crave foods that are high in fat and sugar,which produce chemicals in the brain.These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure.
In a 2007 study,researchers at Cambridge University found that “dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food craving”.Thus,the more you deny yourself a food that you want,the more you may crave it.However,fasting is a bit different.They found that eating no food at all for a short period of time lessened food cravings.
Therefore,the next time you crave something very specific,know that your brain may be more to blame than your stomach.
1.What is the function of the first paragraph?
A.To remind readers of their own special food.
B.To deepen the understanding of hunger.
C.To report the discovery of craving study.
D.To lead to the topic of the whole passage.
2.What do we learn about food craving?
A.It shows food is linked to feelings.
B.It ensures a person survives hunger.
C.It means the stomach functions well.
D.It proves the brain decides your appetite.
3.What’s the likely result of dieting?
A.The decrease of chemicals. B.The increase of the desire for food.
C.The refusal of fat and sugar. D.The disappearance of appetite.
4.What does the passage mainly discuss?
A.The functions of brain areas. B.What hunger is all about.
C.The findings of food cravings. D.What dieting may bring us.
语篇解读:饥饿与食物渴望存在区别。节食或限制饮食通常会增加食物渴望的可能性,食物渴望也与我们的大脑有关。
答案及剖析:
1.D 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句Food cravings(渴望) are a strong desire for a specific type of food.And they are normal.可知,第一段是为了引出整篇文章的话题。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的People often crave foods that are high in fat and sugar,which produce chemicals in the brain.These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure.可知,食物渴望与情感有关系。其他选项主要是关于饥饿而不是关于食物渴望的。
3.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句In a 2007 study,researchers at Cambridge University found that “dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food craving”.可知,节食会导致对食物欲望的增加。
4.C 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的Therefore,the next time you crave something very specific,know that your brain may be more to blame than your stomach.可知,本文主要谈论了关于食物渴望的调查结果。
Ⅱ.七选五(2018福建厦门质检)
Each one of us has different natural and acquired abilities.Some learn new languages quickly,and some are more social than others.1. Obviously,people interpret what you’re saying in different ways,based on the way they think.?
2. While expecting to convince others,we rely on our own thinking tools and strengths.It doesn’t matter if you’re trying to persuade your boss to adopt a new idea.But when you need to persuade your colleague,switch chairs with your listener and ask yourself what his or her strength is.Sure,you take into account what’s important to them.?
3. Try to fit someone you work with into the different thinking categories—individual thinking or group thinking.To quickly identify if someone thinks better individually or in a group,I ask one simple question: Did you prefer studying by yourself or in a group in high school? You’ll find out most people will answer in the blink of an eye.?
Then how to communicate better after identifying individual or group thinking? 4. Individual thinkers need some time by themselves to digest a new idea.Therefore,try sending them suggestions by e-mail or introduce a new idea and then giving them some time to think about it.Group thinkers will react much better when talking about a new idea.5. When group thinkers ask to talk about something,they’re actually asking you to brainstorm with them to help find a solution using conversation.?
A.Choose your presentation strategy.
B.You can find out which category you belong to.
C.It is a challenge to convince people around you.
D.So give them opportunities to voice their thoughts.
E.But how about understanding how they actually think?
F.Most people are more productive when working alone.
G.These strengths determine how we think and make decisions.
答案:1—5 GCEAD
Ⅲ.完形填空(2018山西太原一模)
Leslie Morrissette’s son,Graham,was 6 years old when he was diagnosed with leukemia(白血病).Throughout Graham’s 1 in the hospital,Graham connected with everyone he met,from 2 patients to younger children.“He would 3 other sick children his toys or act silly to make them laugh,” Leslie said.“Graham’s special spirit is what keeps me going.He gave me the energy and the 4 to fight with him.” In 1997,when Graham was 8 years old,he passed away.?
5 by how Graham lived his life caring about others,Leslie 6 the non-profit Grahamtastic Connection in his honor.The organization provides free technology—including computers,iPads,and robots—to children 7 against cancer and other serious illnesses.?
One of the major goals of Leslie’s work is to 8 kids to their classrooms,which really helps them continue their 9 despite hospitalizations and days 10 from school.?
The robots “transport” children right into the classroom in real time.They can 11 the robots right from their 12 bed or home.If the children are unable to attend school,they can 13 log on to their tablet or laptop and call in the robot.They can 14 up and down the halls.They can go to lunch with their 15 .The real magic happens between classes,when they’re walking down the hallway with their friends,by robot, 16 their weekend and their favorite foods and other things.It’s a great technology that really gives children the feeling of control,when their world is maybe 17 control.?
“Every time I help a child in need,I feel 18 Graham is smiling down,” Leslie said.“I believe that Graham’s 19 lives on in the work that I do.And I’m 20 and privileged to be able to do it in his honor.”?
1.A.surgery B.treatment C.vacation D.rest
2.A.elderly B.sleepy C.deadly D.naughty
3.A.buy B.charge C.return D.lend
4.A.focus B.strength C.resource D.attention
5.A.Confused B.Depressed C.Inspired D.Worried
6.A.left B.visited C.benefited D.founded
7.A.causing B.curing C.battling D.preventing
8.A.connect B.force C.invite D.throw
9.A.career B.education C.struggle D.business
10.A.missed B.stopped C.suffered D.graduated
11.A.operate B.build C.steal D.separate
12.A.flower B.river C.hospital D.hotel
13.A.hardly B.accidentally C.simply D.luckily
14.A.drive B.jump C.climb D.walk
15.A.parents B.friends C.doctors D.patients
16.A.talking about B.putting off C.depending on D.thinking of
17.A.under B.within C.away from D.out of
18.A.even if B.as though C.in case D.so that
19.A.success B.joy C.love D.fortune
20.A.angry B.sad C.careful D.proud
语篇解读:莱斯利的儿子多年前身患白血病但对生活充满希望,而且乐于助人。在儿子离世之后,莱斯利决定以儿子的名义帮助更多患有重病的孩子,让他们在患病的情况下也能像正常孩子一样继续学习。
答案及剖析:
1.B 根据本句中的in the hospital可知,此处应表示格雷厄姆因为患病而在医院接受治疗期间。treatment意为“治疗”,符合语境。surgery意为“手术”;vacation意为“假期”;rest意为“休息”。
2.A 根据本句中的connected with everyone he met和younger children可知,格雷厄姆所接触的人年龄范围很广,因此此处应表示从老人到儿童都有,故elderly符合语境,意为“年长的”。sleepy意为“瞌睡的”;deadly意为“致命的”;naughty意为“淘气的”。
3.D 根据本句中的act silly to make them laugh并结合选项可知,此处应表示格雷厄姆愿意将自己的玩具借给其他生病的孩子,还会做一些滑稽的动作引他们发笑。lend意为“借给”,符合语境。buy意为“买”;charge意为“收费;索价”;return意为“归还”。
4.B 根据空前的the energy和空后的fight with him可知,在莱斯利看来,格雷厄姆的表现给了自己同他一起并肩作战的能量和力量。strength意为“力量”,本空应与energy意义相近。focus意为“焦点”;resource意为“资源”;attention意为“注意力”。
5.C 根据第一段中的倒数第二、三句可知,此处应表示孩子的表现令莱斯利倍受鼓舞,结合选项可知,Inspired符合语境,意为“受鼓舞的;受启发的”。inspired by...为过去分词短语,在本句中作状语表示原因。confused意为“困惑的”;depressed意为“感到压抑的”;worried意为“担忧的”。
6.D 根据下句中的organization可知,此处表示莱斯利受到了格雷厄姆的鼓舞,于是以他的名义建立了一个非营利性组织——Grahamtastic Connection。found意为“建立”,符合语境。leave意为“离开”;visit意为“拜访”;benefit意为“受益于”。
7.C 根据上文莱斯利的儿子与白血病作斗争及空后的cancer and other serious illnesses可知,此处应表示该组织为那些正在与癌症及其他重病作斗争的孩子们提供免费技术。此处battle作动词,意为“斗争;搏斗”,符合语境。cause意为“引起;导致”;cure意为“治愈”; prevent意为“阻止”。
8.A 根据第四段的内容可知,此处应表示莱斯利的主要目标之一是帮助生病的孩子接触到教室,这样就能让在医院接受治疗的孩子们得到继续接受教育的机会。connect...to...意为“将……和……联系起来”,符合语境。force意为“强迫”;invite意为“邀请”;throw意为“扔”。
9.B 根据本句中的classrooms和school可知,此处表示这样能够帮助孩子们在住院期间仍然可以继续完成学业。education意为“教育”,符合语境。career意为“职业”;struggle意为“斗争;奋斗”;business意为“商业”。
10.A 结合常识可知,这些孩子因为住院而不能上学,错过了上学的日子。miss意为“错过”,在此处用过去分词形式,作后置定语,符合语境。stop意为“停止”;suffer意为“遭受”;graduate意为“毕业”。
11.A 根据本段第一句可知,这些高科技机器人能实时将孩子们“送到”教室里;结合选项可知,此处表示孩子们能够在医院的病床上或家里操作这些机器人。operate意为“操作”,符合语境。build意为“建立”;steal意为“偷窃”;separate意为“分离”。
12.C hospital bed意为“病床”,符合语境。
13.C 句意:如果这些孩子不能上学,他们只需登录自己的平板电脑或笔记本电脑即可连接到机器人。 simply意为“仅仅;简单地”,符合语境。hardly意为“几乎不”;accidentally意为“偶然地”;luckily意为“幸运地”。
14.D 根据本句中的halls可知,孩子可以操控机器人,让它们在学校的走廊来回行走,此处也与本段倒数第二句中的walking down the hallway吻合。
15.B 根据下一句中的walking down the hallway with their friends可知,此处表示他们还可以和朋友们一起吃午饭。
16.A 句意:真正有魅力的是在课间通过机器人孩子们可以同朋友们沿着走廊散步,大家一起谈论自己的周末时光和最喜欢的食物以及其他的东西。talk about意为“谈论”,符合语境。put off意为“推迟”;depend on意为“依靠;取决于”;think of意为“想出”。
17.D 句意:这是一项伟大的技术,它能真正地给孩子们一种控制感,尽管他们的世界可能是失控的。本空与the feeling of control对应,out of control意为“失控的”。
18.B 句意:莱斯利说:“每当我帮助一个需要帮助的孩子时,我仿佛能感受到格雷厄姆在微笑。”根据常识并结合选项可知,此处为莱斯利的感觉,故as though符合题意,意为“仿佛”。even if意为“即使”,引导让步状语从句;in case意为“假如;以防万一”,引导条件或目的状语从句;so that意为“为了;结果是……”,引导目的或结果状语从句。
19.C 结合上文可知,莱斯利的儿子热爱生活,乐于助人。再结合选项可知,此处应表示儿子格雷厄姆的爱会因为莱斯利设立的爱心组织而继续存在。
20.D 句意:莱斯利说:“我相信格雷厄姆的爱会在我所做的事情中继续存在,而我也为能以他的名义做这些事而感到自豪和荣幸。”根据and可知,本空应与privileged意义相近,均为莱斯利做这些事的感受。proud意为“自豪的”,符合语境。angry意为“愤怒的”;sad意为“悲伤的”;careful意为“仔细的”。
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7
(共12张PPT)
单元知识检测
教材回扣
Ⅰ.用本单元所学短语完成句子
1.Across the world,1.1 billion people (无
法获取)clean drinking water.?
2.In general,people don’t like (被
捉弄).
3.I was (上气不接下气)when I climbed up to
the top of the mountain.
答案:1.have no access to 2.to be made fun of 3.out of breath
4. (换句话说),we are the master of our own
future.?
5.Instead,we are diurnal(白天的) creatures,with eyes .
(适应) living in the sun’s light.?
答案:4.In other words 5.adapted to
Ⅱ.课文缩写填空
Marty Fielding can’t run 1. climb stairs as quickly as other people.But he is very outgoing and has learned to adapt 2. his disability.He used to dream about playing football,but he found that after a short time of running,he got out of
3. (breathe).He was even too weak to go to school sometimes.Every time he returned after an 4. (absent),he felt stupid because he was behind the others.His life now is much easier and nothing can make him 5. (annoy).At the same time,he just ignores those who make fun 6. him.All in all,he has a good life.His 7. (ambitious)is to work for a firm that develops computer software.He has a very busy life with no time to sit around 8. (feel) sorry for himself.As well as going to the movies and football matches with his friends,he also
9. ( spend) lots of time with his pets.And now he wants to tell healthy children:Being 10. (disable) doesn’t mean your life is not satisfying.Try to encourage the disabled to live as rich and full a life as you do.?
答案:1.or 2.to 3.breath 4.absence 5.annoyed 6.of 7.ambition 8.feeling 9.spends 10.disabled
语境活用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.All the rooms in this building are so well designed that they are
(access) to the disabled.?
2.The girl is said (stay) in New York for about five years.?
3.Eric came running into the room, of breath and red in the
face.?
答案:1.accessible 2.to have stayed 3.out
4.Do you find yourself getting impatient or (annoy) with
people over unimportant things?(2016上海卷)?
5.I read some chapters from Harry Potter to my bored and
(noise) children.?
6.My grandfather often goes to the countryside,because he thinks it
will be (benefit) to his health.?
7.We offer our (congratulation) to you on your passing the
driving test.?
答案:4.annoyed 5.noisy 6.beneficial 7.congratulations
8.I can’t find (suit) words to express what I mean.?
9.The student was (absence) from school for three days
without asking for leave.
10. other words,we are the master of our own future.?
答案:8.suitable 9.absent 10.In
答案:1.将annoyed改为annoying 2.life前加a 3.将word改为words 4.将work改为working 5.absence前加the
Ⅱ.单句语法改错
1.Just as I stepped into the shower the phone rang,which was so
annoyed.
2.In spite of disability,Jack can live as normal life as others do.
3.In other word,our habits make us who we are.
4.He has adapted to work late into the night.
5.I took pride in what I had done in absence of my parents.
6.Computers should be made accessible for all the students.
7.Surrounding yourself with people who’ll provide you with respect
support can be very benefit.
8.The girl held his breath while Mr.White read the exam results.
9.All night long he lay awake,thought of the problem.
10.After his journey from abroad,Richard Jones returned home,
exhausting.
答案:6.将for改为to 7.将benefit改为beneficial 8.将his改为her 9.将thought改为thinking 10.将exhausting改为exhausted
微写作
1.托马斯的左腿由于事故变得残疾了,一开始,这让他很恼怒。
?
2.尽管他残疾了,但他是一位有抱负的男孩,他没有闲坐着为自己感到惋惜。
?
答案:1.Thomas was disabled with his left leg due to an accident,
which made him annoyed at the beginning.
2.Though he was disabled,he was an ambitious boy and didn’t sit around feeling sorry for himself.
(借助过渡性词语或句子就能把5个句子连接成一篇小短文)
3.为了适应新的生活,他努力学习成为了一名软件设计师。
?
?
4.他认为残疾人不应该受到嘲笑,而应该享有一切公共服务。
?
答案:3.In order to adapt to the new life,he worked hard to become a software designer.
4.He thinks that the disabled should not be made fun of but should have access to all the public service.
5.事实上他像别人一样过着丰富多彩的生活。
?
?
答案:5.In fact,he lives as colourful a life as anybody else does.
(共26张PPT)
选修7
Unit 1 Living well
基础知识·梳理
考点知识·导练
基础知识·梳理 抓主干·固双基
1. vt.使适应;改编
n.适应;改编
adj.能适应的
2. vt.使……不悦;惹恼
adj.颇为生气的
adj.讨厌的
n.烦恼
3. n.缺席;不在某处
adj.缺席的
n.出席
adapt
adaptation
adaptable
annoy
annoyed
annoying
annoyance
absence
absent
presence
单
词
拓
展
4. vt.祝贺;庆贺
n.祝贺;贺词
5. n.方法;通路
adj.可接近的;可进入的;可使用的
6. vi.& vt.辞职
n.辞职;辞职书
7. n.雄心;野心
adj.有雄心的
8. adj.适合的;适宜的
v.适合
congratulate
congratulation
access
accessible
resign
resignation
ambition
ambitious
suitable
suit
单
词
拓
展
9. adj.有益的;受益的
n.益处;好处
10. n.鼓励;奖励
v.鼓励
11. n.行为 vt.指挥;管理
n.传导
adj.具有传导性的
n.指挥;售票员;导体
12. n.伤残;无力
v.使丧失能力
adj.伤残的
beneficial
benefit
encouragement
encourage
conduct
conduction
conductive
conductor
disability
disable
disabled
单
词
拓
展
13. n.毕业;毕业典礼
v.毕业
14. n.赞成;认可
v.赞成;同意
15. n.协助;援助
v. 援助
n.助手
16. n.出口;离开;退场
17.profit n.收益; ;盈利
18.community n. ;团体
19.conduct n. .
20.companion n. .
graduation
graduate
approval
approve
assistance
assist
assistant
exit
利润
社区
行为;品行
同伴;伙伴
单
词
拓
展
1. other words 换句话说
2. of breath 上气不接下气
3.all all 总而言之
4.never 不必担心
5.adapt 适合
6.cut 切去;停止(做某事)
7.as well 和;也
8. many ways 在很多方面
9.make fun 取笑
10.meet 遇到;经历;会晤
11. the best 一切顺利
12.sit 闲坐着
in
out
in
mind
to
out
as
in
of
with
all
around
短
语
记
忆
1.I am happy many things I can do,
like writing and computer programming.
我很高兴发现我能做许多事情,比如写作和电脑编程。
2.I have a very busy life with no time to sit around .
.
我的生活很充实,没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。
3.Sometimes,too,I was to school
so my education suffered.有时候我的身体太虚弱,上不了学,因此
落了许多功课。
to
have
found
feeling
sorry
for
myself
too
weak
to
go
句
型
整
理
考点知识·导练 解疑难·提知能
1.adapt vt.使适应;改编
vi.适应
①adapt to...(使)适应……;(使)适合……
②adapt sth. (for...)(为……)把某物改编;(为……)把某
物改装
③adapt sth. from...根据……改编某物
④adapt oneself to...使自己适应……
归纳拓展
高考运用:语法填空
①These teaching materials can be adapted older children.?
②It took us a good while to adapt ourselves the new
surroundings there.?
答案:①for ②to
2.annoy vt.使……不悦;惹恼
①be annoyed at/about sth.因……而生气
②be annoyed by (doing) sth.被……惹恼
③be annoyed with sb.生某人的气;厌烦某人
④be annoyed that... 因……而恼怒
归纳拓展
高考运用:语法填空
答案:①annoying ②with
①It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because
it’s awkward and challenging,or we think it’s (annoy)
and unnecessary.(2018全国Ⅱ,阅读理解D)?
②She was annoyed Duncan for forgetting to phone.?
3.absence n.缺席;不在某处
①absence from缺席;不在
②in one’s absence某人不在时
③in the absence of(人)不在;缺席;(物)不存在;缺少
④absence of mind心不在焉
⑤be absent from...不参加……,缺席
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:①In the absence of ②being absent from
① (缺少) wolves,coyote
populations also grew quickly.(2017全国Ⅲ,阅读理解C)?
②Dear Miss,I’m writing to apologize to you for (缺
席) the activity of the English club.?
4.congratulate vt.祝贺;庆贺
congratulation(s) n.贺词
①congratulate sb.on (doing) sth.就……向某人祝贺
②congratulate oneself on (doing) sth.为(做)某事感到
高兴
③congratulations (to sb.) on sth.祝贺(某人)某事
归纳拓展
高考运用:语法填空
答案:①on ②congratulations
①My uncle sent me a card to congratulate me my
eighteenth birthday yesterday.?
②I want to express my sincere (congratulate) on your
success.?
词语辨析:
congratulate “祝贺,道贺”,一般用人作宾语,若要表明所祝贺的事情,后面要用on(upon)连接,构成congratulate sb.on (upon) sth.。
celebrate “庆祝,庆贺”,一般用事(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语,构成celebrate sth.。
5.access n.(接近的)方法;通路;可接近性
v.存取;使用
①have/get/gain access to...拥有……的机会;可以接
近;进入
②give access to 接近;准许进入
③be accessible to...对于……是可接近的(可靠近的;
可使用的)
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:①have access to ②are accessible to
①Kids shouldn’t (接触)violent films
because they might imitate the things they see.(2018江苏卷)
②These documents (对……可接近的) the
public.?
6.in other words换句话说;也就是说
①in a/one word 简言之,总之,一句话
②word comes that ...有消息说……
③beyond words 无法用言语表达
④have a word with sb.与某人谈话;与某人说几句话
⑤keep/break one’s word 遵守诺言/食言
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:①In other words ②Word came that ③break your word
① (换句话说),gossip is satisfying because it
gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority(优越感).
(2016浙江,阅读理解A)
② (有消息说……) Li Hua had been admitted to
Beijing University.?
③Remember never (食言) to your children.?
特别提示:in other words 相当于that is to say。
7.out of breath上气不接下气
①和breath有关的短语:
hold one’s breath屏住呼吸
take a deep breath深吸一口气
②和out of有关的短语:
out of balance失去平衡
out of date过时
out of patience不耐烦
out of shape变形
out of control失去控制
out of respect出于尊敬
out of sight 看不见
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:①out of breath ②held our breath ③take a deep breath ④out of control
①By mile 17,I became (上气不接下气)and the
once injured ankle hurt badly.(2018北京,阅读理解A)?
②We (屏住呼吸) while Mr.Evans read the exam results.
③If you don’t mind,I’ll stop and (深吸一口气).?
④It was absolutely (失去控制),thousands of
e-mails,people around the world sharing their stories of travel.
(2017全国Ⅲ,完形填空)
8.I am happy to have found many things I can do,like writing and
computer programming.我很高兴发现我能做许多事情,比如写作和电脑
编程。
to have found many things是动词不定式的完成形式,表示find这个动
作发生在I am happy之前。此句可以转换为:I am happy that I have
found many things I can do,like writing and computer programming.
①to do是动词不定式的一般主动形式,表示这个动作在句子
谓语之后发生,而且是主动的动作。
②to be done是动词不定式的一般被动形式,表示这个动作
在句子谓语之后发生,而且是被动的动作。
③to have done是动词不定式的完成主动形式,表示这个动
作发生在句子谓语之前,而且是主动的动作。
④to have been done是动词不定式的完成被动形式,表示这
个动作发生在句子谓语之前,而且是被动的动作。
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:①to attend the meeting ②to have been invited to attend
①Our headmaster is said (将要参会).?
②I am happy (受邀参加) their
graduation party.
