Unit 2 English around the world
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The best-known example of outer influence causing language change is the “Americanization” of world culture,which has caused English words to appear all over the world.The effect is most noticeable in pop music.Foreign groups often record in English,and the words are picked up and repeated everywhere,even by children who otherwise have little or no command of the language.I once met a Brazilian child of about ten who could count “one,two,three”,but only by adding the words “o’clock,four o’clock rock” at the end.
Some people are often strongly critical of the influence of English on their language—especially when an English word replaces a traditional word.In 1977,France passed a law banning the use of English words in official situations if an equivalent (意义相同的) French expression existed—but the law seemed to be honoured more in the breaking than in the observing.Some other countries have considered introducing a similar law despite the evidence that such laws have very little effect,and that the arrival of loan words (外来词) can greatly enrich a language (as indeed in the case of English itself,which has a long history of welcoming foreign words)
However,not everyone is critical.In particular,commercial firms and advertisers are well aware of the potential selling power that the use of English vocabulary can bring.In Japan,English is even used in television commercials,despite the fact that the majority of viewers would not understand exactly what was being said: the excellence implied by the mere use of English is apparently enough to command the strategy to the advertisers.
Most of the influence of English is upon the vocabulary of foreign languages,but surveys are slowly bringing to light several cases where word order or word structure has been affected.Sentences of the type “The book sells well”,using an active construction for a passive meaning,have begun to appear in Danish (Bogen soelger godt).Several languages keep the English plural ending when they make use of a loan word,and do not translate it into the native form,e.g.drinks.There are many other such cases.
1.Why could the Brazilian child speak “one,two,three” in English?
A.Because he had seen these words everywhere in the street.
B.Because he had learnt how to tell the time in English.
C.Because he had made himself master of English.
D.Because he had heard these words in songs a lot.
2.What can we infer about the law passed in France in 1977?
A.It was strict. B.It was unfair.
C.It was often ignored. D.It was strongly opposed.
3.Why do some Japanese commercials use English?
A.To follow the American trend. B.To become world-famous.
C.To enrich Japanese. D.To increase sales.
4.How is the last paragraph mainly developed?
A.By providing examples. B.By making comparisons.
C.By explaining grammar rules. D.By analyzing language change.
语篇解读:本文是议论文。文章讨论了英语对其他语言的影响。
答案及剖析:
1.D 推理判断题。根据第一段中的Foreign groups often record in English ...but only by adding the words ‘o’clock,four o’clock rock’ at the end可知,文中提到的这个巴西小孩可能本身不太会说英语,但是由于含有这些英语数字的歌曲不断重复播放,所以他学会了说这些数字。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的but the law seemed to be honoured more in the breaking than in the observing及such laws have very little effect可知,人们经常不遵守这项法律。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的the potential selling power that the use of English vocabulary can bring及the excellence implied by the mere use of English可知,广告中使用英语能让人感觉该产品很出色,激发人们的购买欲。
4.A 写作手法题。最后一段中通过“主动结构表达被动意义”和“保留表示复数的词尾”两个例子来说明英语对其他语言的语序或结构也有影响。
B
(2018银川一中三模)
I am astonished at the way God knows when to send a special gift of encouragement at just the right time!It might be in a dream,a lost letter,a memory,or something found that we’d forgotten about.
My grandmother was from a town in Michigan.And summer after summer I enjoyed staying with my grandparents as a young child.I was from the city and loved the small town where they lived.People knew everyone,their children,their pets,their ancestors.
Grandma was always using her hands for something exciting...she would make sandwiches and we’d have tea parties,plant flowers and carefully tend them.She loved knitting sweaters as well as making beautiful quilts for her grandchildren.I remember the small thimble (顶针) she would place on her finger while doing her needlework.
A few years ago,when Grandma left this earth for her new residence in Heaven,I bid farewell to my loving grandmother.How quickly our lives can change!We had just had tea together a couple of months earlier,on her 91st birthday.I missed her very much,but I noticed it mostly on my birthdays,because there was no card from Grandma.She’d never forgotten my birthday!
On one particular birthday when I was feeling a little low,something happened made me feel as if she was sharing that special day with me.I was arranging some colorful pillows that she had made,and suddenly I felt something inside one pillow;it was small and hard.I moved the object to a seam (缝) that I carefully opened,and,to my delight,out came a tiny silver thimble!
How happy I was to find something that had been a part of her!Not realizing it had fallen off her finger,I pictured her sewing it into that little pillow that I just happened to fluff (抖松),to place on my bedspread (床罩) that day.I carefully laid the thimble alongside the others I’d collected over the years.What a precious memory of a very special lady who,somehow,I knew,was laughing in delight at sewing her thimble into my pillow.I heated the kettle and made some tea,using my best china,as Grandma always did,and then enjoyed my tea and Grandma’s thimble.What a wonderful birthday that was!
5.In the author’s memory,what would her grandmother do?
A.She would make sandwiches and hamburgers for her family.
B.She would wear a thimble for needlework every day.
C.She would make beautiful quilts for money.
D.She would look after the flowers in the garden.
6.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A.The modern world’s fast-changing life.
B.The fact that the grandmother had passed away.
C.The author’s missing her grandmother.
D.The love the author got from her grandmother.
7.How did the author feel when she found the thimble?
A.Surprised. B.Regretful. C.Guilty. D.Lonely.
8.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A.Grandma’s Thimble B.Grandma’s Life Story
C.The Joy of Finding Something Lost D.The Importance of Putting Things Away
语篇解读:本文是记叙文,文章讲述了作者对姥姥的怀念。作者在过生日的时候情绪低落,无意中发现了姥姥用过的顶针,感觉很亲切。
答案及剖析:
5.D 细节理解题。根据第三段可知,姥姥常在园子里种花,并细心照料它们。
6.C 代词指代题。根据上一句可知,it指代的是“missing her grandmother”。
7.A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句中的“to my delight,out came a tiny silver thimble”可知,那个发现对作者来说是个惊喜。
8.A 主旨大意题。整篇文章围绕着姥姥的顶针展开叙述,故“Grandma’s Thimble”为最佳标题。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Indian English literature 1. (have) a history of more than two centuries but only began to be noticed in 2. last few decades.Indian English writers such as Salman Rushdie,Arundhati Roy and Vikram Seth 3. (recognize) internationally and received awards.Rushdie upset many,though,when he said that the best writing by Indians since India’s 4. (independent) may have been written in the language of India’s departed (过去的) British rulers.Amit Chaudhuri,another Indian English writer and winner of the Sahitya Akademi Award,India’s 5. (high) literary award,has,on the other hand,said that 6. is a pity that Indian writing is represented by a handful of writers 7. write in English and live in England or America.He has also criticized Rushdie and other Indian English writers for writing stories that are 8. (actual) not really Indian and for making use of Indian words and expressions mixed with English 9. (give) them an Indian flavour.Contrary to them,earlier Indian English writers such as R.K.Narayan used pure English but wrote stories 10. (require) knowledge of Indian culture to be understood.?
答案及剖析:
1.has 考查动词时态。此处描述的是一般事实,故用一般现在时态,而且主语是单数,故用一般现在时态的单数形式。
2.the 考查冠词。in the last few decades是固定短语,在过去的几十年里。
3.have been recognized 考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知,印度的这三位作家一直以来得到国际的认可和不断获奖,应用现在完成时态。Arundhati Roy等三位作家与recognize为被动关系,故填现在完成时的被动语态。
4.independence 考查名词。前面有India’s形容词修饰,故后面应该用名词。
5.highest 考查最高级。根据语境可知Amit Chaudhuri获得了印度文学最高奖,故用最 高级。
6.it 考查代词。此处为固定句型It is a pity that...意为:……真可惜。it为形式主语,指代后面的that从句。
7.who/that 考查从属连词。分析句法可知,此处缺少定语从句连接词,而且在从句中作主语,代指人,故用who或者that。
8.actually 考查副词。修饰整个句子用副词形式。
9.to give 考查非谓语动词。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。
10.requiring 考查非谓语动词。分析句法可知,此处所填词是非谓语动词,而其逻辑主语stories和动词require构成主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式。
Ⅲ.短文改错(2018临朐一中五月第四次模拟)
The way of communication in people’s life have changed a lot of in recent years.In the past,people keep in touch with each other mainly by writing letters or use the public telephone.But now almost everyone has an mobile phone.People can communicate with each other almost at any place and at any time.What’s more,people have easy access the Internet,it enables them to send and receive e-mails whenever they like.With these changes,people’s pace of life has been quickened and people’s work has been made more efficiently.It used to take them several days to hear from each other,and now it takes only several minutes,even if we are in two different continents.
答案:The way of communication in people’s life changed a lot of in recent years.In the past,people in touch with each other mainly by writing letters or the public telephone.But now almost everyone has mobile phone.People can communicate with each other almost at any place and at any time.What’s more,people have easy access the Internet, enables them to send and receive e-mails whenever they like.With these changes,people’s pace of life has been quickened and people’s work has been made more .It used to take them several days to hear from each other, now it takes only several minutes,even if are in two different continents.
剖析:主语是单数,故谓语动词用has。
a lot作副词,修饰changed,of是多余的。
句中有In the past,故应该用一般过去时。
or连接两个并列成分,故应用using。
mobile phone前应用不定冠词a。
have access to为固定短语,意为“可进入”。
which引导非限制性定语从句。
主语补足语应用形容词。
上下文之间是转折关系,故用but。
上文的人称用了第三人称,前后应该一致,故用they。
PAGE
7
(共14张PPT)
单元知识检测
教材回扣
Ⅰ.用本单元所学短语完成句子
1.After several hours,we finally (提出)the
correct answer to the difficult maths problem.?
2. (因为,由于)the snow,the pilot had to land
the plane at an airport in another city.?
3.Oil must (被充分利用) to serve the people
better.?
答案:1.came up with 2.Because of/Owing to 3.be made full use of
4.I’d be (非常) happy to sit down and
discuss this with you.?
5.James Brindley is (公认) one of the leading
early canal engineers.?
答案:4.more than 5.recognized as
Ⅱ.课文缩写填空
As you know,English has changed over time.Why?Actually all languages change and develop 1. cultures meet and communicate with each other.At first it was 2. (base) more on German than the English we speak 3. present. Then 4. (gradual) new settlers came and 5. (enrich) the English language,especially its vocabulary.So by the 1600’s a wider vocabulary was able to 6. (make) use of than ever before.In 1620 some British 7. (settler) moved to America.Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too.English began to be spoken in both countries.?
Finally by the 19th century the language was settled.At that time two big changes in English 8. (spell) happened:first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary 9. later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language.The latter gave a separate 10. (identify) to American English spelling.?
答案:1.when 2.based 3.at 4.gradually 5.enriched 6.be made 7.settlers 8.spelling 9.and 10.identity
语境活用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Your voice is (actual) super important.(2016浙江卷)?
2.In the first place,in my opinion,I believe that (spell)
is the most difficult part to overcome for us.?
3.According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,runners
live three years longer non-runners.(2018全国Ⅰ,语法填空)?
4.He has great difficulty (express) himself in English.?
答案:1.actually 2.spelling 3.than 4.expressing
5.In Southeast Asian culture,a smile is (frequent) used to
cover painful feelings.?
6.Such a book you showed me is hard to understand.?
7.Go along the street for (block) and you’ll find the
hospital.?
8. (base) on a real story happening in Shanghai,the film
attracted a lot of audience.?
9.Having good command of English grammar makes it easier
for him to understand long sentences while reading.?
10.The teacher requested us not (make) so much noise.?
答案:10.to make
答案:5.frequently 6.as 7.blocks 8.Based 9.a
Ⅱ.单句语法改错
1.The king commanded that the officers stayed at palace before
coming up with a better idea.
2.The number of smokers,as is reported,have dropped by 17 percent in
just one year.
3.Alexander tried to get his work recognizing in the medical circles.
4.Although this is the first time that the plan has come up with at
the meeting,it has caused much concern.
答案:1.将stayed改为stay 2.将have改为has 3.将recognizing改为recognized 4.去掉with
5.If you have a door to your office,make a good use of it.
(2017全国Ⅱ,七选五)
6.Tom’s brother’s health is improving gradual day by day.
7.He was absent from the meeting because of he had a bad cold.
8.The large number of people in China are learning foreign languages
now.
9.Friends play important part in our lives.
10.My father requested me not play computer games on weekends.
答案:5.去掉good前的a 6.将gradual改为gradually 7.去掉of 8.将The改为A 9.play后加an 10.not后加to
微写作
1.现在,英语在我们生活中的作用越来越重要。
?
?
2.因为这一点,很多人正在努力学习英语。
?
?
答案:1.Nowadays,English is becoming increasingly important in our life.
2.Owing to this,a large number of people are making every effort to learn English.
(借助过渡性词语或句子就能把5个句子连接成一篇小短文)
答案:3.We are sure to come across some problems in learning English,such as vocabulary and grammar.
4.Many people come up with different approaches to dealing with them,for instance,learning English should be based on our textbooks and we should make full use of every minute to read more.
3.我们在学习英语的过程中肯定会遇到一些问题,如词汇、语法。
?
4.很多人提出了处理它们的不同方法,比如学习英语应该以我们的课本为基础;
我们应该充分利用每一分钟多读。
?
答案:5.Gradually,you’ll find you have fallen in love with English.
5.逐渐地你会发现你已经爱上了英语。
?
?
连句成篇:
Nowadays,English is becoming increasingly important in our life.Owing to this,a large number of people are making every effort to learn it.However,we are sure to come across some problems,such as vocabulary and grammar.Luckily,many people come up with different approaches to dealing with them.For instance,learning English should be based on our textbooks and we should make full use of every minute to do more reading.
If you follow these approaches,gradually you will find you have fallen in love with English.
(共29张PPT)
Unit 2 English around the world
基础知识·梳理
考点知识·导练
基础知识·梳理 抓主干·固双基
1. vt.以……为根据 n.基础
adj.基本的
n.基础
2. n.& vt.命令;掌握
n.指挥官;司令官
3. vt.辨认出;承认
n.认出;承认
4. adj.本国的 n.本国人
n.国家;民族
base
basic
basis
command
commander
recognize
recognition
native
nation
单
词
拓
展
adj.国家的
n.国籍
5. adv.实际上;事实上
adj.实际的
6. adj.逐渐的;逐步的
adv.逐渐地;逐步地
7. n.本身;身份
vt.认出
adj.完全相同的
8. adj.流利的
adv.流利地
n.流利
national
nationality
actually
actual
gradual
gradually
identity
identify
identical
fluent
fluently
fluency
单
词
拓
展
9. adj.频繁的
adv.频繁地
n.频率
10. n.使用;用法
vt.&n.使用;应用
11. n.词语;表达
vt.表示;表达
12. n.& vt.请求;要求
13. adj.官方的;正式的
14. adv.直接 adj.直的
15.Accent n. .
16.block n. .
frequent
frequently
frequency
usage
use
expression
express
request
official
straight
口音;腔调;重音
街区;块;木块;石块
单
词
拓
展
1.because 因为;由于
2.come 走近;上来;提出
3.make use 利用;使用
4.such 例如……;像这种的
5. present 现在;目前
6.play a (in) 扮演一个角色;参与
of
up
of
as
at
part
短
语
记
忆
1.Native English speakers can understand each other .
they don’t speak the same kind of English.
以英语作为母语的人,即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同,也可以相互
理解。
2.It was based on German the English we speak
at present.
当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础,而我们今天所说的英语不是。
3.Believe it or not,there is thing standard
English.
信不信由你,(世界上)没有什么标准英语。
even
if
more
than
no
such
as
句
型
整
理
考点知识·导练 解疑难·提知能
1.base vt.以……为根据
n.基部;基地;基础
①base...on/upon... 根据……;以……为基础
②be based on/upon以……为基础
③on the basis of 根据,在……的基础上,基于
归纳拓展
高考运用:语法填空
①The novel is based historical facts.?
② (Base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason,
you will regret it sooner or later.?
答案:①on ②Basing
2.command n.[C]命令;指令 [U]掌握;控制
vt.命令,指挥;支配
①under one’s command=under the command of sb.
由某人指挥
②have a good command of 掌握;精通(尤指语言)
③command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事
④command that...(should) do...命令……
归纳拓展
高考运用:语法填空
①The officer commanded his men (fire).?
②I’ve had a good command English with the help of the
teacher.?
答案:①to fire ②of
3.request n.& vt.请求;要求
①request sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事
②request that sb.(should) do sth.请求……
③It is requested that...据要求……
④make (a) request for...请求,要求……
⑤at sb.’s request=at the request of sb.
应某人之要求
归纳拓展
高考运用:语法填空
①My parents requested me (learn)to practise playing the
piano.?
②Students (request)not to touch anything in the lab.?
答案:①to learn ②are requested
特别提示:后跟虚拟语气的动词:
4.recognize vt.辨认出;承认
①recognize sb./sb.’s voice/sb.’s handwriting 认
出某人/听出某人的声音/认出某人的笔迹
②be recognized to be/as...被认作……/被认为是……
③It is recognized that...人们公认……
④beyond recognition认不出来
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
①No,but I’ll (辨认) it,there was a picture in the magazine.
(2018天津,阅读理解B)?
②She has changed so much that she is (认不出来).?
答案:①recognize ②beyond recognition
5.because of 因为;由于
because of的同义短语:
①due to 由于(作表语或状语)
②owing to 由于(作表语或状语)
③as a result of 因为;由于(作状语)
④thanks to 多亏;由于(作状语)
⑤on account of 因为(作状语)
归纳拓展
高考运用:单句改错
①However,these plans were abandoned because financial problems.
(2017全国Ⅲ,阅读理解B)
②Due his illness,he didn’t come to school.
答案:①because后加of ②Due后加to
6.come up 走近;上来;发芽,发生;(被)提出;(太阳、月亮等)上升
①come up with想出,提出;产生
②come about发生
③come across穿过(路、桥);偶遇;偶然发现
④come on (风、雨等)到来;(演员)出场;赶快;得了吧
⑤come out出版;出来,出现;结果是
⑥come to 苏醒;总计;达到
⑦when it comes to...当谈到……
巧学助记
归纳拓展
高考运用:用合适的短语填空
① !We are going to be late if you don’t hurry.?
②I a picture of you when I was going through my
stuff.?
③Whoever a new idea of how to work out the puzzle
will be given a prize.?
④How did the movie finally ?I couldn’t wait to see
the ending.?
答案:①Come on ②came across ③comes up with ④come out
7.make use of 利用;使用
① 充分利用
②come into use 开始被使用
③be of great use 很有用
④It is/was no use doing sth.做……没用
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
① (为了充分利用) the Internet,all
the teachers are required to have the necessary computer skills.?
②The old shopping bag can still (能使用).?
答案:①To make full use of ②be made use of
8.Native English speakers can understand each other even if they
don’t speak the same kind of English.
以英语作为母语的人,即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同,也可以相互理解。
even if/even though通常引导让步状语从句,意为“即使,尽管”,所引导
的从句常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。在主从句主语相同时也可采用省
略结构。
高考运用:完成句子
①He couldn’t understand it (即使)you explained it
to him.?
②So (即使)emissions were to begin to decrease today,
we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change.
(2017江苏,阅读理解D)?
答案:①even though ②even if
9.It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.
当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础,而我们今天所说的英语不是。
归纳拓展
高考运用:语法填空
①The review says it is more effective at lengthening life .
walking,cycling or swimming.(2018全国Ⅰ,语法填空)?
②The river is (clean) than it was ten years ago.?
答案:①than ②cleaner
10.Believe it or not,there is no such thing as standard English.信不
信由你,(世界上)没有什么标准英语。
句中“no such+单数名词”意为“没有这样的……”,其中单数名词前不可
再加冠词,相当于“not such a/an+单数名词”。
①such+ +that结果状语从句
②such...as...像……这样的……,as在句中引导定语从句
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
①这本词典里没有这样的词。
There is in the dictionary.?
②我们的图书馆里有很多这样的书。
There are books in our library.?
答案:①no such word ②many such
特别提示:比较下列句子,注意其连接词的作用
A:The book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.(as引导定语从句)
B:The book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.(that引导结果状语从句)
