Unit 2 Working the land
Ⅰ.阅读理解
As Leonardo da Vinci’s interests were varied,his research covered a great range,including various aspects of applied mechanics(应用力学).Therefore,some of his biographers think such a man,having great artistic genius,would “waste” precious years of his life on such a “lowly” pursuit as engineering.
To appreciate Leonardo’s contribution to technology,one need only examine his analysis of the main problem of technology.In Leonardo’s time,the main burden of human industry still relied on the muscles of humans and animals.But little attention was given to analyzing this primitive muscle power so that it could be used most effectively for the required tasks.Against this background,Leonardo’s approach to work was revolutionary.When he searched for the most efficient ways of using human muscle power,the force of every leg and arm was analyzed and measured.
Consider Leonardo’s painstaking approach to the construction of canals.After analysis of constructing a particular canal by hand,he concluded that the only reasonable solution was to mechanize the whole operation.Then he considered and finally abandoned numerous plans in the course of the construction.
Having systematically rejected several solutions in this way,Leonardo began to consider using a system of cranes (吊车).Power was again his main concern.To activate a crane,the only transportable motor available at the time would have been a treadmill(踏车).This is not to suggest that Leonardo invented the treadmill.However,it was Leonardo who first used the principle of the treadmill reasonably and in accordance with engineering principles.
Because Leonardo’s insights were sometimes so far beyond the standards of his time,their importance to the development of modern engineering is often undervalued.Many scholars,in fact,still refused to concede that Leonardo was one of our earliest and most significant engineers.
1.Why does the author consider Leonardo’s approach to work “revolutionary” in Paragraph 2?
A.Because he attempted to replace humans and animals with machines.
B.Because he adapted traditional solutions to previously impossible tasks.
C.Because he studied muscle power in a way that no one had used before.
D.Because he moved the main burden of industry from human to animal power.
2.Which of the following can best describe Leonardo?
A.Cautious but anxious. B.Considerate but painful.
C.Cooperative and efficient. D.Determined and creative.
3.What does the underlined word “concede” in the last paragraph mean?
A.Admit. B.Prove. C.Explain. D.Revalue.
语篇解读:本文是议论文。列奥纳多·达·芬奇在工程技术方面的贡献很大,但是很多学者却对此拒不承认。
答案及剖析:
1.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的But little attention was given to analyzing this primitive muscle power so that it could be used most effectively for the required tasks及When he searched for the most efficient ways of using human muscle power,the force of every leg and arm was analyzed and measured可知,列奥纳多以前所未有的方式研究了肌肉力量,因此作者说他的方法“具有革命性”。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,建造运河的过程很辛苦,列奥纳多不断推翻方案,但仍然意志坚定、不言放弃;根据第四段内容可知,列奥纳多创造性地运用踏车使吊车运行。故D项正确。
3.A 词义猜测题。根据最后一段内容可知,由于时代的局限性,人们往往低估列奥纳多的见识。实际上,很多学者仍然拒绝“承认”列奥纳多是我们最早、最重要的工程师之一。
Ⅱ.七选五(2018山东日照高三联考)
Do you know how bird population numbers are gathered?Scientists find answers to changing bird populations,habits and habitats in part by asking bird-lovers to help.One way is through Project Feeder Watch,a program run by Cornell
University’s Lab of Ornithology that’s celebrating its 30th year.1. ?
First,find a convenient spot where you can see the comings and goings of birds.Maybe you have a balcony or a good window overlooking your yard.Or maybe you can do the project at your school with classmates. 2. If at home,you can do weekend counts,but if doing the project at school,choose two consecutive(连续的)weekdays.?
Provide one or more bird feeders and a birdbath or dish of water,then count the numbers and kinds of birds that visit.You don’t have to sit still watching all day.3. Ask yourself,does weather affect the habits of the birds you see? Do they visit in groups or one by one? What kind of food attracts them??
4. For example,thread Cheerios(麦圈)and blueberries on a pipe cleaner bent in whatever shape you want.Tie a string on it and hang it from a branch.Or spread peanut butter on a cardboard toilet paper roll,then roll it in seed before hanging it on a hook or branch where birds can find it.?
5. The data you submit will be added to that of thousands of other feeder watchers across the country.At the same time,the observation skills gained through learning to identify birds,their habitats and eating preferences will also help you to enjoy nature more wherever you go.?
A.Attach much importance to what birds like to eat.
B.Just take notes whenever you notice activity in the area.
C.Here is what the scientists do to collect the information they need.
D.You can join the celebration and have fun while helping the researchers.
E.Bird food and feeders can be purchased,or you can make them at home.
F.Try to monitor the same area during the same two days in a row each week.
G.Information you provide will help scientists learn about increases or decreases in bird populations.
答案:1-5 DFBEG
Ⅲ.完形填空(2018山东临朐第一中学第六次模拟)
A couple of days ago,my sister Liz and I spoke about Dad,and we decided to get him a little something together for Father’s Day.We talked about the times when we were 1 up and how Mom and Dad used to play “the good cop,bad cop” things with us.Dad has been a person of few words since we were 2 .He raised us more by 3 than anything else.?
When he spoke,we listened,but he was always mysterious and difficult to understand.There was always a(n) 4 meaning that I never got,but Liz always 5 to read it.By the time I got to high school,I had wanted a whole bunch of skateboard gear (设备) and I 6 I was too old to ask money from my parents so I worked at a burger joint.One day,I was really angry about annoying burgers.I came home quite out of breath.Dad saw me and asked me what was the 7 .I told him that I was fed up with annoying burgers.He said that we all have to 8 somewhere,and that we may not know it now,but the skills we learn even in a burger joint might come in handy later in life.“Who knows,you might end up having to run a 9 or even own one when you grow up,”said Dad.He 10 me down and I kept what he said in mind,even though I really didn’t agree with it.?
A couple of years later,when I got to college,I worked in a restaurant.During one of the really 11 days that we had,we were short on kitchen staff.Our customers were getting impatient and the 12 were getting delayed.We were sure any minute something terrible would 13 out.I couldn’t stand the 14 any more,so I rolled up my sleeves,got myself a hair net and helped out in the hot kitchen.We caught up with the orders 15 .The owner saw what I did and called me around 16 time.He said that he was very 17 .He raised my salary and made me the assistant manager even though I could only go part-time.That was 18 I realized that what my Dad said to me all those years before was absolutely true.?
I’ve never forgotten what my Dad said that day.And whenever I have to do something that requires new skills,no matter how small or 19 it seems,I have a new perspective (看法)that it might really help me later or even right now and I just don’t know it.Experience is everything and it 20 a lot when you take lessons from it.That’s my life’s philosophy.?
1.A.getting B.going C.growing D.coming
2.A.schoolboys B.kids C.adults D.graduates
3.A.instruction B.example C.order D.inspiration
4.A.obvious B.unclear C.reasonable D.hidden
5.A.failed B.refused C.tried D.managed
6.A.imagined B.promised C.figured D.suggested
7.A.experience B.matter C.event D.accident
8.A.work B.study C.stay D.leave
9.A.restaurant B.hospital C.school D.plant
10.A.calmed B.settled C.let D.put
11.A.exciting B.worrying C.busy D.happy
12.A.meetings B.parties C.menus D.orders
13.A.break B.show C.go D.set
14.A.quarrel B.laziness C.relaxation D.tension
15.A.eventually B.regularly C.obviously D.thankfully
16.A.breakfast B.lunch C.opening D.closing
17.A.influenced B.interested C.inspired D.impressed
18.A.when B.which C.whether D.where
19.A.important B.impressive C.interesting D.insignificant
20.A.works B.counts C.shows D.benefits
语篇解读:父亲在我们的成长过程中起着重要的作用,他给我们提供了榜样的力量。
答案及剖析:
1.C 这里作者是在回忆在成长过程中,父亲给他们的教育,因此选择growing。
2.B 从文章开头“my sister and I”可知选择schoolboys不对,根据语境可知此处选择kids最妥当。
3.B 从上一句“Dad has been a person of few words since...”可知,父亲是一个寡言少语的人,他对我们的教育都是通过“身教”,即给我们做榜样。
4.D 从上文的“he was always mysterious and difficult to understand”可知父亲讲的话有隐含意义,因此选择hidden。
5.D 根据句中的but可知“我”不懂,但是Liz总是能够弄懂他的意思。manage to read it弄懂他讲的话的含义。
6.C 根据上下文,作者认为自己已经长大了不好再向父母要钱。figure以为,认为。
7.B 根据空格前的 I came home quite out of breath可知,父亲询问出了什么事。
8.A 由于作者对自己刚刚从事的兼职工作不满意,于是父亲开导作者说每个人都要从某个地方起步,从事某一项工作,可能现在还不知道是什么工作,不过工作中所获得的技能在日后的生活中也可能派上用场。
9.A 根据上文的a burger joint(一家汉堡快餐店)可知父亲认为“我”日后也许会经营一家餐馆。
10.A 经过父亲的开导,作者气愤的情绪渐渐平静了下来并且记住了父亲的那一番话,尽管他当时并不赞同他的观点。calm sb.down表示让处于某种强烈情绪之中的人平静下来,符合题意。
11.C 根据下面的“we were short on kitchen staff”可知那一天餐馆里很忙。
12.D 顾客有些不耐烦了,根据下文的“We caught up with the orders”可知选择orders,表示顾客点的菜也在被推迟。
13.A 店里的员工都担心糟糕的事情会爆发。break out指不好的事情的突然爆发,符合
语境。
14.D 根据上下文可知,作者无法忍受那种紧张的气氛,因此选择tension。
15.A 经过作者的出手相助,他们终于赶上了客人们的订菜单的速度。eventually最终,符合题意。
16.D closing time在英语中是固定短语,意思是“(餐馆或酒馆)晚上打烊的时间”。
17.D 根据上句可知作者帮厨的事被老板看到了,因此他说作者给他留下了很深的印象,意思是作者做得好,这一点从下一句老板给他加工资可以得到验证。
18.A 从文中可知that指代上文提到的帮厨得到加薪的事,这时候作者才意识到父亲的话是完全正确的。
19.D 与small词义相近的应该是insignificant,表示无论事情看起来是多么的小或不重要,做好了,学到的技能都可能对今后的生活有所帮助。
20.B 根据上文可知学到的经验对今后的生活很重要。count重要。
PAGE
6
(共12张PPT)
单元知识检测
教材回扣
Ⅰ.用本单元所学短语完成句子
1.We cannot really learn anything until we (使自
己摆脱)being too proud.?
2.I be laughed at (宁愿……也不……)
quarrel with him.?
3.Her mind was completely (专注于)looking after her
mother.
答案:1.rid ourselves of 2.would rather;than 3.focused on/upon
4.It’s obvious that his carelessness (导致) the
serious accident.?
5.Measures should be taken to the children and the old
(使……免受……的伤害)the polluted vegetables
above all.
答案:4.led to 5.keep;free from/of
Ⅱ.课文缩写填空
Yuan Longping,the Father of Super Hybrid Rice,is a famous scientist.He
1. (struggle) for the past five decades 2. the Chinese farmers.In 1953 when Yuan Longping 3. (graduate) from college,
4. (hungry) was a 5. (disturb) problem in many parts of the countryside. Therefore, Yuan wanted to help rid his motherland of hunger by
6. (increase) rice harvests without 7. (expand) the area of the fields and he made 8. .Yuan Longping’s another dream is
9. (export) his rice.Thanks to Yuan Longping’s research,the UN has more tools in the battle 10. hunger throughout the world.?
答案:1.has struggled 2.for 3.graduated 4.hunger 5.disturbing 6.increasing 7.expanding 8.it 9.to export 10.against
语境活用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.In some poor African areas,many children die of (hungry)
every year.?
2.Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be
(satisfy) with,and complete,their chosen course.?
3.The old teacher is (equip) with much experience in
teaching.
答案:1.hunger 2.satisfied 3.equipped
4.These (comment) came in response to specific questions
often asked by local newsmen.?
5.These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation,which
(reduce) plant diversity in the park.
(2017全国Ⅲ,阅读理解C)?
6.The problem of hunger in Africa is (disturb).?
7.We had better open the window to allow the air (circulate).
答案:4.comments 5.reduced 6.disturbing 7.to circulate
8.A survey showed people were (confuse) about what food to
eat for health.?
9.I was (regret) for what I did last night.?
10.It seems as if all eyes were (focus) on me.?
答案:8.confused 9.regretful 10.focused
答案:1.将get改为getting 2.将health改为healthy 3.first后加to 4.将satisfying改为satisfied 5.将of改为with
Ⅱ.单句语法改错
1.She started the Ladybug Foundation,an organization aiming at get
rid of homelessness.(2017北京,完形填空)
2.Taking exercise every morning helps make one health.
3.You are the first make such a mistake.
4.In my view,he is satisfying with his job.
5.Each classroom is equipped of a computer,which benefits our study.
6.It is snowing outside.Mike would rather stay at home than going
out.
7.Now the little boy regrets waste too much time playing computer
games when at school.
8.With the loud music played outside the classroom,all the students
couldn’t focus at their studies.
9.Thanks to the teacher’s help,he finally rid him of this bad habit.
10.Now the people in this country are living hard life with the war
being on.
答案:6.将going改为go 7.将waste改为wasting 8.将at改为on 9.将him改为himself 10.living后加a
微写作
1.中国的农民曾经过着很艰苦的生活,并一直受着饥饿的困扰。
?
2.几十年来,他们努力寻找能够提高粮食产量的方法,但收效甚微。
?
答案:1.Farmers in China used to lead a hard life and were always disturbed by hunger.
2.For decades,they struggled to search for ways to increase the grain output,but without success.
(借助过渡性词语或句子就能把5个句子连接成一篇小短文)
3.多亏了袁隆平的杂交水稻研究,农民们的收成比以前多了一倍。
?
?
4.这意味着世界22%的人口摆脱了饥饿。
?
答案:3.Thanks to Yuan Longping’s research on the hybrid rice,
farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.
4.This means 22% of the world’s population have got rid of hunger.
5.大多数农民都很满意现在的生活,宁愿待在农村当农民。
?
?
答案:5.Most of the farmers are now quite satisfied with their present lives and would rather be farmers in the countryside.
(共26张PPT)
Unit 2 Working the land
基础知识·梳理
考点知识·导练
基础知识·梳理 抓主干·固双基
1. vt.& vi.使变大;伸展
n.扩展;膨胀
2. vt.减少;减缩
n.减少;减价
3. vt.& vi.配备;装备
n.设备;装备
4. vt.&vi.循环;流传
n.循环;环流
expand
expansion
reduce
reduction
equip
equipment
circulate
circulation
单
词
拓
展
5. vt.使迷惑
n.困惑;混淆
6. vt.画底线标出
adj.下划了线的
7. n.总结;概要
v.总结,概述
8. adj.令人不安的
v.打扰;搅乱
adj.心烦意乱的
9. n.职业;占领
v.占领
confuse
confusion
underline
underlined
summary
summarize
disturbing
disturb
disturbed
occupation
occupy
单
词
拓
展
10. n.生产;制造
vi.& vt.生产;出产
n.生产者;制片人
11. vi.& n.拼搏;努力
12. vt.& n.遗憾;懊悔
13. n.& v.评论
14. adv.因此;所以
15.rid vt. .
16.focus n.焦点 vt. .
17.decade n. .
18.export vt.& vi. .
production
produce
producer
struggle
regret
comment
therefore
摆脱;除去
集中;聚焦
十年;十年期
输出;出口
单
词
拓
展
1.would 宁愿;宁可
2.lead 导致;造成(后果)
3.focus 集中(注意力、精力等)于
4.keep... from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)
5.rid... 使……摆脱或除去
6.thanks 幸亏;由于;因为
7.be satisfied 对……感到满意
8.build 建立;开发
9.be rich 盛产;富含
rather
to
on/upon
free
of
to
with
up
in
短
语
记
忆
1. ,what did you do to grow them?
如果这样的话,你做了些什么来种植这些植物?
2. would happen if tomorrow
there was suddenly no rice to eat?如果明天突然没有米吃了,你
认为将会发生什么?
3.Yuan Longping grows super hybrid
rice.袁隆平种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。
If
so
What
do
you
think
what
is
called
句
型
整
理
考点知识·导练 解疑难·提知能
1.struggle vi.& n.奋斗,努力;斗争,抗争
归纳拓展 ①struggle for 为争取……而斗争
②struggle against 与……斗争;为反对……而斗争
③struggle with 与……斗争;与……并肩作战
④struggle to do sth.艰难地做某事,挣扎着做某事;努力做
某事
⑤struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
高考运用:语法填空
①Jack has been struggling success in his business.?
②He has been struggling illness for many years.?
③The old man fell down and struggled to his (foot).?
答案:①for ②against ③feet
巧学助记
Farmers always have to struggle for a living.They often struggle against the bad weather for a better harvest.Some of them even have to leave their hometown and go to work in cities,struggling to increase their income.
农民一直都得为了生存而努力。他们经常与恶劣的天气斗争来争取有个好点的收成。他们中的一些人甚至不得不离开家乡到城市打工,努力增加他们的收入。
2.rid vt.摆脱;除去
①rid sb./sth. of...使某人/某物摆脱……
②rid oneself of debt还清债务
③get rid of摆脱掉,除掉,处理掉
④be/become free of sb./sth.摆脱某人/某物
归纳拓展
高考运用:翻译句子
答案:①It’s not easy to rid oneself of a habit. ②We have to get rid of these old newspapers.
①要改掉一个习惯是不容易的。
?
②我们必须把这些旧报纸处理掉。
?
特别提示:“动词+某人+of+某物”常见短语还有:
①rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物
②remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事
③inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事
④convince sb. of sth.使某人信服某事
⑤accuse sb. of sth.指控某人做某事
3.regret vt.遗憾;惋惜
n.遗憾;懊悔
①regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事(do 往往限于 say,
tell,inform 等几个词)
②regret doing/having done sth.后悔做了某事
③to one’s regret 让某人感到遗憾的是
归纳拓展
高考运用:语法填空
答案:①to tell ②seeing
①I regret (tell) you that you are dismissed.?
②I regret (see) the movie last night.It was so dull.?
特别提示:与regret用法类似的动词
4.reduce vt.减少,减缩
①reduce...to...把……减少到……
②reduce...by...把……减少了……
③be reduced to 沦落为……;陷入某种状态;被降职到……
归纳拓展
高考运用:语法填空
答案:①to;by ②to reduce
①She reduced her weight from 76 68 kilos,that is to say,
she reduced her weight 8 kilos.?
②This is the only way we can imagine (reduce) the
overuse of water in students’ bathrooms.?
5.would rather 宁愿;宁可
①would rather (not) do 宁愿(不)做……
归纳拓展
高考运用:语法填空
答案:①had finished ②focused
①I would rather you (finish) your homework yesterday.?
②George is going to talk about the geography of his country,but
I’d rather he (focus) more on its culture.?
6.lead to 导致;造成(后果);通往,通向
①lead sb.to do sth.使某人做某事
②lead sb.to some place 带领某人去某地
③lead the way 引路,带路
④lead/live/have a...life 过着……的生活
归纳拓展
高考运用:
答案:①lead to ②a
完成句子
①False fire alarms are illegal and may (导致) imprisonment.
(2018天津,阅读理解A)?
语法填空
②If the operations succeed,Carly will be able to lead normal
life.
特别提示:①lead to中的to为介词。
②lead to表示“导致、造成(后果)”等,与result in,cause同义。
7.focus on/upon 集中注意力于……
①focus/fix/concentrate one’s attention on sth./
doing sth.把注意力集中到某事/做某事
②pay attention to 集中注意力于……
③focus sth. on sth.调节……焦距对准……
归纳拓展
高考运用:语法填空
答案:①on ②reading
①You’ll want to continue to focus positive choices.
(2018全国Ⅱ,七选五)
②No matter what noise there might be,he manages to focus his
attention on (read).?
8.If so,what did you do to grow them?
如果这样的话,你做了些什么来种植这些植物?
if so意为“如果是这样的话”,表示肯定意义。如果表示否定意义,则用if
not。
if构成的其他省略形式:
①if any 如果有的话
②if ever 如果有过/发生过的话
③if possible 如果可能的话
④if necessary 如果必要的话
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:①If so ②If possible ③If necessary
① (如果这样的话),find out what would need to charge.
② (如果可能的话),I want to go abroad for further education.
③ (如果必要的话),call me.?
