Unit 3 A healthy life
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018福建莆田高三二模)
Gwendolyn Brooks was the first African American to win a Pulitzer Prize for Literature.Gwendolyn Brooks wrote hundreds of poems during her lifetime.She had more than 20 books published.She was known around the world for using poetry to increase understanding about black culture in America.
Her poems described conditions among the poor,racial inequality and drug use in the black community.She also wrote poems about the struggles of black women.But her skill was more than her ability to write about struggling black people.She was an expert at the language of poetry.She combined traditional European poetry styles with the African American experience.
In her early poetry,Gwendolyn Brooks wrote about the South Side of Chicago.The South Side of Chicago is where many black people live.In her poems,the South Side is called Bronzeville.It was “A Street in Bronzeville”that gained the attention of literary experts in 1945.Critics praised her poetic skill and her powerful descriptions about the black experience during the time.The Bronzeville poems were her first published collection.
In 1950,Gwendolyn Brooks became the first African American to win the Pulitzer Prize for Literature.She won the prize for her second book of poems called “Annie Allen”.“Annie Allen” is a collection of poetry about the life of a Bronzeville girl as a daughter,a wife and mother.She experiences loneliness,loss,death and being poor.Ms.Brooks said that winning the prize changed her life.
Her next work was a novel written in 1953 called “Maud Martha”.“Maud Martha”received little notice when it was first published.But now it is considered an important work by some critics.Its main ideas about the difficult life of many women are popular among female writers today.
In some of her poems,Gwendolyn Brooks described how what people see in life is affected by who they are.One example is this poem,“Corners on the Curving Sky”.
By the end of the 1960s,Gwendolyn Brooks’s poetry expanded from the everyday experiences of people in Bronzeville.She wrote about a wider world and dealt with important political issues.
1.What does the text mainly talk about?
A.The life of Gwendolyn Brooks’s. B.The poems of Gwendolyn Brooks’s.
C.The understanding about black culture. D.The struggles of black women.
2.What can we learn about Gwendolyn Brooks from the second paragraph?
A.She mainly wrote about struggles of black women. B.She was good at using the language of poetry.
C.Her writing skills were a little worse than her ability. D.Her poems were mainly about the African experience.
3.The author develops the passage mainly by .?
A.providing examples B.using statistics
C.comparing opinions D.describing her experiences
4.In the next part,the author would most probably talk about .?
A.the difficulties Gwendolyn Brooks would meet B.the poems related to political issues
C.the award Gwendolyn Brooks had gained D.the racial inequality the black had to face
语篇解读:本文主要介绍了非裔美国女诗人Gwendolyn Brooks在诗歌文学上的成就和贡献。
答案及剖析:
1.B 主旨大意题。根据第一段和其余各段的段首可知,本文主要讲了非裔美国女诗人Gwendolyn Brooks在诗歌文学上的成就和贡献。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She was an expert at the language of poetry.”可知,Gwendolyn Brooks是诗歌语言的专家。
3.A 文章结构题。文中第三至第六段分别列举了Gwendolyn Brooks的一些作品,如诗歌“A Street in Bronzeville”“Annie Allen” “Corners on the Curving Sky”和小说“Maud Martha”。故作者主要是用举例法来行文的。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知Gwendolyn Brooks的诗歌中涉及政治问题,故接下来最有可能讲的是与政治问题有关的诗歌,B项正确。
B
“Mobile phones killed our man,”screamed one headline last year.Also came statements that an unpublished study had found that mobile phones cause memory loss.And a British newspaper devoted its front page to a picture supposedly showing how mobile phones heat the brain.For anyone who uses a mobile phone,these are worrying times.But speak to the scientists whose work is the focus of these scared and you will hear a different story.
What we do have,however,are some results suggesting that mobile
phones’ emission(辐射) has a variety of strange effects on living tissue that
can’t be explained by the general radiation biology.And it’s only when the questions raised by these experiments are answered that we’ll be able to say for sure what mobile phones might be doing to the brain.
One of the strange effects comes from the now famous“memory loss”study.Alan Preece and his colleagues at the University of Bristol placed a device(装置)that copied the microwave emission of mobile phones to the left ear of volunteers.The volunteers were all good at recalling words and pictures they had been shown on a computer screen.Preece says he still can’t comment on the effects of using a mobile phone for years on end.But he rules out the suggestion that mobile phones have an immediate effect on our cognitive(感知的) abilities.“I’m pretty sure there is no effect on short-term memory,”he says.
Another expert,Tatterasll,remarked that his latest findings have removed fears about memory loss.One result,for instance,suggests that nerve cell synapses(神经元突触)exposed to microwave become more—rather than less—receptive to undergoing changes linked to the memory formation.
It would be an even happier outcome if microwave turned out to be good for you.It sounds crazy,but a couple of years ago a team led by William Adey at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in California,found that mice exposed to microwave for two hours a day were less likely to develop brain tumours(肿瘤)when given a cancer-causing chemical.
So should we forget about mobile phone radiation causing brain tumours and making us unable to think clearly or reasonably?
“If it doesn’t certainly cause cancer in animals and cells,then it probably isn’t going to cause cancer in humans,”says William.And while there’s still no absolute evidence that the mobile phone does damage your memories or give your cancer,the unanimity is:Don’t panic.
5.What worries people who use mobile phones?
A.Mobile phones will kill them. B.Mobile phones cause memory loss.
C.Mobile phones heat the brain. D.All the above is right.
6.What is the attitude of Preece on the suggestion that mobile phones have an immediate effect on our cognitive abilities?
A.Doubt. B.Disagree. C.Approve. D.Wait and see.
7.The underlined word “unanimity” in the last paragraph most probably means “ ”. ?
A.consensus B.disagreement C.possibility D.impossibility
8.From the fifth paragraph,we can infer that being exposed to microwave for two hours . ?
A.can result in killing you B.is likely to develop brain tumours
C.is unlikely to develop brain tumours D.will cause your loss of memory forever
语篇解读:有报道说手机会对人的健康有影响,本文则介绍了一些科学家的观点,他们认为并没有绝对的证据证明手机对人体有很大的危害。
答案及剖析:
5.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Mobile phones killed our man,”screamed one headline last year.Also came statements that an unpublished study had found that mobile phones cause memory loss.And a British newspaper devoted its front page to a picture supposedly showing how mobile phones heat the brain.可知,答案选D。
6.B 观点态度题。根据第三段中But he rules out the suggestion that mobile phones have an immediate effect on our cognitive(感知的)abilities.可知,他不同意这种观点,故选B。
7.A 词义猜测题。根据上文And while there’s still no absolute evidence that the mobile phone does damage your memories or give your cancer可知,这里意为“一致意见是:不要惊慌。”故选A。
8.C 推理判断题。根据第五段found that mice exposed to microwave for two hours a day were less likely to develop brain tumours(肿瘤)when given a cancer-causing chemical.可知,答案选C。
Ⅱ.语法填空(2018曲靖高三质检)
Over 2,200 years ago,Emperor Qin Shihuang,the first Emperor in Chinese history,established the official Chinese writing characters.The new,simplified characters made writing calligraphy (书法) less 1. (complicate).It allowed people to use characters with more straight strokes,thus 2. (make) it easier to write with brushes.This 3. (create) the Li genre (类型).Over time,other variations were also developed,4. eventually led to the formation of the five genres in Chinese calligraphy.As 5. result,calligraphy became
6. (wide) accepted.Calligraphy also had its practical values because it was a good way to make friends and was more presentable as a gift rather than jewelry or money.Does calligraphy still have these practical functions now?Yes.Many people practice calligraphy as a way 7. (raise) their cultural accomplishment.Older people use calligraphic writing as a method to keep fit.They believe that when a person concentrates on 8. (write) calligraphy,his inner well-being (幸福) is inspired.I had thought computer would lead to the 9. (disappear) of Chinese calligraphy.Now I understand that’s not likely to happen.How can you give your boss computer-printed calligraphy as a gift?You don’t,10. you want him to fire you!?
答案及剖析:
1.complicated make sth.+adj.“使某物……”。此处意为“使书法变得不再复杂”。
2.making 此处是现在分词作结果状语。
3.created 根据上下文可知,此处叙述的是过去发生的事情,故应用一般过去时态。
4.which 此处是非限制性定语从句,且空格处的关系代词指代前面所说的内容,故用which。
5.a as a result是固定搭配,意为“结果”。
6.widely 书法被广泛接受。副词widely修饰accepted。
7.to raise 此处为动词不定式作后置定语。
8.writing concentrate on doing sth.“集中精力做某事”。此处用动词-ing形式作介词on的宾语。
9.disappearance lead to中的to是介词,故其后用名词作它的宾语。
10.unless 根据语境“除非你想让他开除你”可知,应填unless。
Ⅲ.短文改错
Victor was traveling through a train for his parents.All the time he is glancing with joy at his new shoes what his father had bought for him.After some time,he removed his shoes to take him a nap.After waking up,he found one of her shoes missing.He started crying unhappy.His parents tried to comfort him.His father told him it was no use cry and promised that after reaching home,he would buy him a new pair of shoes.Victor got very excited on hearing his father’s words that he threw other shoe out of the train.Reaching the destination,he suddenly found his losing shoe in a basket.How he regretted it!
答案:Victor was traveling through a train his parents.All the time he glancing with joy at his new shoes his father had bought for him.After some time,he removed his shoes to take a nap.After waking up,he found one of shoes missing.He started crying .His parents tried to comfort him.His father told him it was no use and promised that after reaching home,he would buy him a new pair of shoes.Victor got excited on hearing his father’s words that he threw other shoe out of the train.Reaching the destination,he suddenly found his shoe in a basket.How he regretted it!
剖析:travel with sb.意为“跟某人一起旅行”。
本文讲述过去发生的事情,要用一般过去时态。
分析句子成分可知这是一个定语从句,先行词his new shoes 指物,故用关系代词that/which。
take a nap是固定短语,意为“打盹,小睡片刻”。
分析句子可知此处的物主代词要与主语he保持一致,故用his。
此处用副词作状语修饰crying。
it is no use doing sth.是固定用法,意为“做某事是没有用的”。
这里用so与后面的that构成“so...that”结构,意为“如此……以至于”。
此处用the other特指两者中的另一个。
lost意为“丢失的”,在这里作定语。
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7
(共14张PPT)
单元知识检测
教材回扣
Ⅰ.用本单元所学短语完成句子
1.Their minds are bright (尽管) their
dirty hands and clothes.?
2.After a long journey,he was worn out and (想要)
having a good rest.?
3.His lateness was (由于)the heavy traffic on the
road.?
答案:1.in spite of 2.felt like 3.due to
4.I (习惯于) getting up early and taking
an hour’s walk before breakfast.?
5. (决定)a new course and make one decision at a
time.?
答案:4.am accustomed to 5.Decide on
Ⅱ.课文缩写填空
It’s easy for you to start smoking,but once you become
1. (addict) to it,you may find 2. difficult for you to quit.Firstly,you may become physically addicted to nicotine,one of the hundreds of chemicals 3. exist in cigarettes.
4. (second),you may develop the habit of smoking and finally become 5. (mental) addicted to it.You may believe that you will only feel good when you smoke and may find all kinds of negative emotions in you when you stop smoking.?
答案:1.addicted 2.it 3.that/which 4.Secondly 5.mentally 6.harmful 7.themselves 8.Being 9.appearance 10.smoking
Smoking may have all kinds of 6. (harm) effects on the health of both the smokers 7. (them) and non-smokers around them. 8. (be) a smoker,the offensive smell and
9. (appear) of you may drive people around you away.So,it’s important that one should quit 10. (smoke) and live a healthier life.?
语境活用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Cycling is good exercise.It (strength) all the muscles of
the body.?
2.If cancers are spotted early,there’s a high chance of
(survive).
3.I had grown not only physically, but also (mental) in the
past few years.(2017全国Ⅲ,短文改错)?
答案:1.strengthens 2.survival 3.mentally
4.I am a northerner,so I am not (accustom) to the food that
southerners often eat.?
5.The little girl was (shame) of having failed in the final
exam.?
6. (addict) to playing computer games,the little boy has lost
interest in his lessons.?
7.Keeping a diary in English is one of the (effect) ways to
improve our English.?
答案:4.accustomed 5.ashamed 6.Addicted 7.effective
8.Just quit (complain).What matters now is how to get rid of such an embarrassing situation.?
9.When I walked to the bank of the river,I saw a sign saying,
“Swimming (ban) in this river.”?
10. (disappoint) by many a broken,vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的)
promise,I’ve refused to buy winter tomatoes for years.?
答案:8.complaining 9.is banned 10.Disappointed
答案:1.将addicting改为addicted 2.visit前加a 3.将embarrassing改为embarrassed 4.将buy改为buying 5.将beginning改为begin
Ⅱ.单句语法改错
1.When he was abroad,he began to take drugs and became addicting to
drugs.
2.Next time,when you pay visit to Shanghai,I’ll show you around.
3.He only gave an embarrassing smile when she spilled the water onto
him.
4.Generally speaking,women are easily addicted to buy new things.
5.The strike is due to beginning on Wednesday.
6.The exercises are designed to strength your stomach muscles.
7.He said it at risk of making the manager angry.
8.I ashamed of having lied to my teacher that day.
9.We’re accustomed to have one thing in our pocket to do all these
things.
10.The disappointing news that he failed the exam made him very
disappointing.
答案:6.将strength改为strengthen 7.risk前加the 8.ashamed前加was或felt 9.将have改为having 10.将第二个disappointing改为disappointed
微写作
1.为了缓解精神压力,许多人,甚至是青少年,养成了吸烟的习惯。
?
2.众所周知,吸烟对健康有害,并且很多人由于吸烟死于肺癌、心脏病。
?
答案:1.In order to relieve mental stress,many people,even adolescents,get into the habit of smoking.
2.It is well known that smoking does harm to health,and a lot of people died of lung cancer and heart disease due to smoking.
(借助过渡性词语或句子就能把5个句子连接成一篇小短文)
3.吸烟对周围的人也有影响,对环境造成污染。
?
?
4.由于香烟价格不菲,吸烟会浪费很多钱。
?
答案:3.Smoking has an effect on the people around the smokers and pollutes the environment.
4.Smoking will waste much money because cigarettes are expensive.
5.政府有必要采取有效措施禁烟,让吸烟违法,以便吸烟者决定戒烟。
?
?
答案:5.It is necessary for the government to take effective measures to ban smoking and make smoking illegal,so that smokers will decide to quit smoking.
连句成篇:
In order to relieve mental stress,many people,even adolescents,
get into the habit of smoking.It is well known that smoking does harm to health,and a lot of people died of lung cancer and heart disease due to smoking.What’s worse,smoking has an effect on the people around the smokers and pollutes the environment.Smoking will waste much money because cigarettes are expensive.Thus,it is necessary for the government to take effective measures to ban smoking and make smoking illegal,so that smokers will decide to quit smoking.
(共30张PPT)
Unit 3 A healthy life
基础知识·梳理
考点知识·导练
基础知识·梳理 抓主干·固双基
1. n.压力;重音
vt.加压力于;使紧张
adj.紧张的
2. adj.入了迷的
n.上瘾者
adj.令人上瘾的
3. vt.使习惯于
adj.习惯了的
stress
stressful
addicted
addict
addictive
accustom
accustomed
单
词
拓
展
4. n.结果;效力
v.影响
adj.有效的
5. adj.感到惭愧的
n.羞耻;惭愧
adj.可耻的
6. adj. 不合法的;违法的
7. n.青少年adj.青春期的
n.青春期
8. adj.自动的
adv.无意识地;自动地
effect
affect
effective
ashamed
shame
shameful
illegal
adolescent
adolescence
automatic
automatically
单
词
拓
展
9. adj.精神的;智力的
adv.精神上;智力上
10. adj.畸形的;异常的
11. vt.加强;使坚强vi.变强
adj.强壮的
n.力量;优点
12. adj.绝望的
adv.拼命地;绝望地
13. adj.失望的
v.(使人)失望
adj.令人失望的
n.失望
mental
mentally
abnormal
strengthen
strong
strength
desperate
desperately
disappointed
disappoint
disappointing
disappointment
单
词
拓
展
14. adj.尴尬的
adj.令人尴尬的
n.窘迫,尴尬
15. n.幸存
vt.& vi.幸存
n.幸存者
16. adj.欠款的;预定的
17.pregnant adj. .
18.comprehension n. .
19.immune adj. .
20.abortion n. .
embarrassed
embarrassing
embarrassment
survival
survive
survivor
due
怀孕的
理解(力)
有免疫力的
流产;中途失败
单
词
拓
展
1. spite of 不顾;不管
2.take (a risk) 冒险
3.get 陷入;染上(坏习惯)
4.feel (doing)想要(做)……
5.due 由于……
6.be addicted 对……有瘾
7. accustomed 习惯于……
8.decide 对……作出决定
9. risk 处境危险
in
risks
into
like
to
to
be/get
to
on
at
短
语
记
忆
1. you feel like smoking a cigarette,remind
yourself that you are a non-smoker.
每当你想要吸烟的时候,你就提醒你自己:你(已经)是不吸烟的
人了。
2.I do hope so because I want you to live .
.
我确实希望如此,因为我想让你和我一样生活得健康、长寿。
Every
time
as
long
and
healthy
a
life
as
I
have
句
型
整
理
考点知识·导练 解疑难·提知能
1.stress n.重压,逼迫,压力;重音;重点
vt.加压力于;使紧张;重读;强调
①under stress 在压力之下
②under the stress of 在……压力下
③lay/place/put stress on sth.强调某事物
④put sb.under great stress 使某人感到沉重的压力
⑤stress the importance of 强调……的重要性
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
①One of the most effective ways to reduce (压力) is to
talk about feelings with someone you trust.?
②Here I will (强调) some smarter and more creative
examples of climate adaptation.(2017江苏,阅读理解D)
③He (强调……的重要性)
accepting a good education at the meeting last week.?
答案:①stress ②stress ③stressed the importance of
2.due adj.预定的;到期的;应付的;欠款的
①be due to do sth.预期做某事,预定做某事
②be due to sb.应给某人的,应付给某人的
③due to 由于(常用于系动词be后作表语)
归纳拓展
高考运用:语法填空
答案:①is due to make a speech ②is due to you ③due to
①She (预定做演讲) on the
economy next week.?
②Any money that (应给你的) will be
paid before the end of the month.?
③Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless (由
于) their wrong investment.(2018江苏,完形填空)
3.addicted adj.入了迷的;上了瘾的
①be/become/get addicted to 沉溺于,醉心于……
②addict oneself to 使自己沉溺于、醉心于……
③have addiction to 对……上瘾
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:①Addicted to ②addicted himself to
① (醉心于……) playing the violin,he didn’t notice
a thief walking into his house.?
②Her son (使自己沉溺于……) playing
computer games.?
特别提示:不管是动词addict还是形容词addicted或名词addiction,表示“沉迷于/热衷于……”都和介词to连用,后面接名词或者动词-ing形式。
4.accustomed adj.惯常的;习惯了的
①accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth.
使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事
②get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.
习惯于(做)某事(表动作)
③be accustomed/used to (doing) sth.习惯于(做)某事(表
状态)
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:①am accustomed to ②Accustomed to
①I (习惯于……) listening to some soft
music before bed.?
② (习惯于……) living in the countryside,Mr.Smith
found it hard to live in the city.?
特别提示:在英语中,to有时为动词不定式符号,后跟动词原形;有时用作介词,后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。be accustomed to 结构中to为介词。
5.effect n.结果;效力;影响
①have an effect on/upon 对……有效,对……产生影响
②put/bring...into effect 实施,实行
③come into effect/take effect
(法律、规则或制度)生效;开始实施
④side effect副作用
⑤in effect实际上
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:①have a;effect on ②bring/put;into effect ③come into effect ④side effects
①They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones,and they
more powerful (对……有影响)
the feeling of a space.(2018全国Ⅰ,七选五)?
②They decided to the plan (实施) as soon
as possible.?
③The new law will (生效) next month.?
④This trend...has had some unintended (副作用)
such as overweight and heart disease.(2017全国Ⅰ,语法填空)
特别提示:作“影响”讲时,effect为名词;affect为动词。effect作动词时,意思为“引起;使
发生”。
6.ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
①be/feel ashamed of 因……感到惭愧
②be ashamed to do sth.耻于做某事
③feel/be ashamed for sb.替某人感到羞愧
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:①felt ashamed of ②ashamed to admit ③It’s a shame that
①She (因……感到羞愧) having cheated in
the exam and tears ran down her cheeks.?
②I’m (不好意思承认) that I’ve never read
Harry Potter.?
③ (……真让人遗憾) you can’t stay
with us.?
词语辨析:
It’s a shame that our team was defeated again.
I’m ashamed to say I haven’t passed the examination this time.
It’s shameful to steal others’ things.
ashamed 指某人因某事而感到羞愧
shameful 指事情本身可耻、不道德
shame n.羞愧,遗憾,可惜 vt.使感到羞耻
7.in spite of 不管,不顾;尽管
①despite prep.尽管
②in spite of/despite the fact that...
=although/though+从句 不管……;尽管……
③regardless of 不管,不顾
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:①In spite of ②Despite ③in spite of the fact that
① (尽管) the large-scale construction of
roads and highways,there is still much room for improvement.?
② (尽管) the celebrations,though,in the U.S.the jazz
audience continues to shrink and grow older...
(2017全国Ⅰ,阅读理解C)
③She still loves her husband (尽管)
he isn’t a tall,rich and handsome guy.?
特别提示:in spite of为介词词组,与despite及regardless of一样,其后可跟名词、动词-ing形式及其他短语,意义基本相同。但regardless of只有“不管,不顾”之意。though,although有“虽然,尽管”之意,但它们是连词,后面应接句子。另外,despite是较正式用语。
8.take risks(a risk) 冒险
①at risk 处于危险之中,有风险
②at the risk of...冒着……的风险
③take/run risks(a risk) to do 冒险做……
④risk doing 冒险做……
⑤risk one’s life to do sth.冒着生命危险做某事
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:①take that risk ②at risk ③risked his life to save
①Those who refuse to (承担那个风险)
selfishly make others suffer.(2017北京,阅读理解C)?
②Lack of sleep could put the birds’ health (处于
风险之中).?
③The young man (冒着生
命危险去救……) the drowning child.?
9.get into 陷入;染上(坏习惯);养成
①get across (使)通过;(使)被理解;(把……)讲清楚
②get along with进展;相处
③get down to (doing) sth. 开始(做)某事
④get over 爬过;越过;克服困难;痊愈
⑤get through 穿越;通过;接通电话;经历
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:①got into ②get;across ③get down to
①I’ve (养成) the habit of calling in on my
grandparents on my way home from school.?
②How can I it (把……讲清楚) to you how important
this is??
③After Christmas I’m going to (开始
做……) some serious job-hunting.?
10.Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette,remind yourself that
you are a non-smoker.每当你想要吸烟的时候,你就提醒你自己:你(已经)
是不吸烟的人了。
every time每次,可以用来引导时间状语从句。
①the first time/last time...第一次/上次……
②each time/next time/any time...每次/下一次/不论何
时……
③the moment/the instant/the minute/the second...
一……就……
④directly/immediately/instantly...一……就……
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:①Every time ②the moment ③Directly
① (每次) I come back,I feel conditions have improved.
②He left me a deep impression (一……就……) I saw
him.?
③ (一……就……) I received his letter,I went to see him.?
